313:
2153:
231:
and disease affecting millions of babies in economically developing countries as a result of consuming bottle-fed formula milk. After intense campaigning by IBFAN, including organizing consumer boycotts against the likes of Nestlé, whose subtle yet effective campaigns were undermining breastfeeding, the World Health
Assembly of the World Health Organization, adopted the International Code of Marketing on Breast Milk Substitutes the first such code designed to control widespread marketing abuses by baby food companies.
1831:
2044:
1940:
2292:
1922:
29:
2192:
2166:
2279:
2231:
2083:
2305:
2096:
2031:
1896:
2205:
1992:
1953:
1909:
2266:
2218:
1979:
1844:
2005:
1818:
2259:
2179:
2140:
2114:
1870:
302:
2070:
2057:
1857:
1805:
2127:
2018:
1966:
1883:
238:(HAI), an informal network of some 120 consumer and public interest groups, HAI engaged in worldwide campaigns for the safe, rational and economic use of pharmaceuticals. At the 41st World Health Assembly in 1987, HAI organised a large lobby of delegates to urge stronger controls on advertising by the drugs industry.
230:
joined the three conference sponsors as the five founding organizations who became the international organization's initial council. In 1979, IOCU (which then became
Consumers International) and other citizens' groups formed the International Baby Food Action Network (IBFAN) to eradicate the death
357:
It holds
General Consultative Status to the United Nations Economic and Social Council. This is the highest status granted by the United Nations to non-governmental organizations, allowing them to participate in the work of the United Nations.
218:. Thirty-four people representing seventeen consumer organizations in fourteen countries attended to discuss product testing and founding the International organization of Consumers Unions as an international organization.
294:
Consumers by definition include us all. They are the largest economic group, affecting and affected by almost every public and private economic decision. Yet they are the only important group… whose views are often not
339:, demanding that those rights are respected and protected, and protesting about the market abuses and social injustices which undermine them. World Consumer Rights Day is celebrated on 15 March every year.
2529:
263:
International also works with and hosts the
Transatlantic Consumer Dialogue (TACD) a forum of US and EU consumer organizations that develops and agrees on consumer policy recommendations to the
688:
2271:
2236:
150:
is the membership organization for consumer groups around the world. Founded on 1 April 1960, it has over 250 member organizations in 120 countries. Its head office is situated in
1888:
1744:
984:
332:
of a 'World
Consumer Rights Day' marking that date, and on 15 March 1983 consumer organizations started observing that date as an occasion to promote basic rights of consumers.
2519:
2119:
658:
199:. The two proposed an international conference to plan for consumer product testing organizations worldwide to work more closely together. The United States organization
789:
335:
World
Consumer Rights Day is an annual occasion for celebration and solidarity within the international consumer movement. Participants observe the day by promoting the
1997:
1875:
1836:
1159:
1914:
2514:
2407:
956:
2377:
1477:
1164:
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1810:
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1034:
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227:
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692:
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526:
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2297:
1114:
1104:
844:
782:
2310:
1729:
1541:
312:
609:
2412:
2367:
2036:
2010:
1739:
1209:
472:
1984:
1958:
1767:
989:
454:
2197:
2171:
2106:
1927:
1823:
1734:
1575:
1403:
1069:
1004:
949:
351:
329:
1194:
882:
246:
Consumers
International has over 250 member organizations in 120 countries. These members are independent consumer organizations.
2210:
1039:
775:
666:
590:
184:
The organization was first established in the year 1960 as the
International organization of Consumers Unions (IOCU) by National
2509:
2184:
1971:
1762:
1361:
2320:
2049:
1470:
1438:
1410:
1089:
727:
642:
401:
280:
2473:
2132:
2023:
1862:
1849:
1396:
1024:
2158:
2062:
1417:
1245:
1139:
942:
923:
173:
2463:
1932:
1094:
235:
1506:
1340:
1661:
1144:
1019:
2088:
1724:
1565:
1560:
1129:
1059:
1029:
856:
838:
214:
In
January 1960, these three organizations sponsored the First International Conference on Consumer Testing in
1719:
1452:
1259:
918:
720:
IOCU on record : a documentary history of the
International Organization of Consumers Unions, 1960-1990
287:
170:
1757:
1516:
1119:
999:
808:
2284:
2075:
1605:
1536:
1526:
1484:
1079:
610:"Special Message to the Congress on Protecting the Consumer Interest. | The American Presidency Project"
185:
554:
2468:
1590:
1179:
870:
2483:
1908:
1901:
1580:
979:
965:
537:
336:
62:
1945:
1531:
1501:
1308:
1184:
876:
250:
28:
1681:
1555:
1375:
1294:
1134:
812:
723:
638:
634:
628:
479:
397:
393:
387:
254:
1686:
1273:
1252:
863:
191:
IOCU was founded by Elizabeth Schadee, who would later chair the board of the Netherlands'
1782:
1696:
1691:
1671:
1656:
1511:
1368:
1301:
1214:
1174:
1124:
1064:
1049:
1044:
1014:
894:
832:
283:
200:
192:
82:
1445:
2291:
2004:
1921:
1701:
1651:
1621:
1595:
1389:
1054:
271:
to promote the consumer interest in EU and US policy making – at its office in London.
268:
2498:
2278:
2230:
2082:
1149:
208:
155:
1772:
1676:
1636:
1631:
1521:
1431:
1424:
1354:
1333:
159:
2478:
2304:
2191:
2165:
2095:
2030:
1895:
1666:
1570:
1204:
1189:
1074:
888:
850:
325:
301:
223:
2204:
1641:
1626:
1280:
1238:
1991:
1952:
1830:
1749:
1646:
1585:
1287:
1231:
1154:
994:
215:
65:
435:
767:
2265:
2217:
1978:
1843:
320:, a book from the Access to Knowledge campaign of Consumers International
260:
134:
745:
2069:
1817:
1347:
1315:
1169:
1099:
900:
219:
196:
195:, and Caspar Brook, who was the first director of the United Kingdom's
934:
591:"Debating trade and consumer protection in Brussels today - U.S. PIRG"
2258:
2178:
2139:
2113:
2056:
2043:
1939:
1869:
1856:
1804:
1546:
163:
151:
78:
328:
working for Consumers International at the time, later proposed the
2152:
2126:
2017:
1965:
1882:
1266:
417:
311:
306:
300:
757:
354:
to create Standards that provide solutions to global challenges.
188:
who wanted to create cross-border campaigns and share knowledge.
1550:
938:
771:
572:
504:
689:"United Nations Civil Society Participation (ICSO) – Login"
97:
Formerly the International Organisation of Consumers Unions
16:
International umbrella organisation for consumer protection
2530:
Organisations based in the London Borough of Islington
2272:
Channel Islands Competition and Regulatory Authorities
2237:
United States Department of Justice Antitrust Division
2159:
Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China
1745:
Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety
985:
Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now
2456:
2319:
2245:
1791:
1710:
1614:
1494:
1462:
1325:
1223:
972:
910:
819:
129:
119:
111:
101:
93:
71:
58:
50:
35:
1889:Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia
1837:Australian Competition & Consumer Commission
249:About two-thirds of member organizations are in
234:In 1981, Consumers International co-founded the
154:, England, and has numerous regional offices in
292:
1915:Competition and Consumer Protection Commission
352:International organization for Standardization
950:
783:
392:. Santa Barbara, Calif. : ABC-Clio. pp.
8:
633:. Santa Barbara, Calif. : ABC-Clio. p.
21:
2520:International organisations based in London
2120:International Financial Services Commission
1811:Administrative Council for Economic Defense
1035:Citizens Advice outside the United Kingdom
957:
943:
935:
790:
776:
768:
20:
1876:Comisión Federal de Competencia Económica
1601:Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991
381:
379:
377:
375:
373:
371:
2224:Superintendency of Industry and Commerce
1200:Swiss Alliance of Consumer Organisations
2146:Jersey Competition Regulatory Authority
555:"Our members - Consumers International"
505:"History - Health Action International"
367:
350:Consumers International works with the
1778:Water Industry Commission for Scotland
1085:Consumer Rights Commission of Pakistan
2298:National Board for Prices and Incomes
1768:Office for Fair Trading (Isle of Man)
630:Encyclopedia of the consumer movement
455:"THE CONTROVERSY OVER INFANT FORMULA"
389:Encyclopedia of the consumer movement
7:
2515:International economic organizations
2311:Securities Commission of New Zealand
1754:National Homelessness Advice Service
1730:Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
453:Solomon, Stephen (6 December 1981).
2011:Directorate-General for Competition
1998:Competition and Consumer Commission
1740:Financial Consumer Agency of Canada
436:"Nestlé boycott - Baby Milk Action"
2525:Members of Consumers International
1105:Consumers' Federation of Australia
845:Consumers' Federation of Australia
722:. Yonkers, N.Y.: Consumers Union.
608:Kennedy, John F. (15 March 1962).
14:
2198:Philippine Competition Commission
2172:Netherlands Competition Authority
2107:International Competition Network
1928:Competition and Markets Authority
1735:European Consumer Centres Network
1576:List of food labeling regulations
1070:Consumer Federation of California
1005:Chamber for Workers and Employees
318:Access to Knowledge for Consumers
251:economically developing countries
228:Australian Consumers' Association
2303:
2290:
2277:
2264:
2257:
2229:
2216:
2211:Queensland Competition Authority
2203:
2190:
2177:
2164:
2151:
2138:
2125:
2112:
2094:
2081:
2068:
2055:
2042:
2029:
2016:
2003:
1990:
1977:
1964:
1951:
1938:
1920:
1907:
1894:
1881:
1868:
1855:
1842:
1829:
1816:
1803:
1040:Connecticut Citizen Action Group
27:
2185:Norwegian Competition Authority
1763:Office for Fair Trading (Malta)
1362:Fight Back! with David Horowitz
1471:List of consumer organizations
1195:Swedish Consumers' Association
1090:Consumer Rights Directive 2011
883:Swedish Consumers' Association
1:
2474:League of Conservation Voters
2133:Italian Competition Authority
1725:Bureau of Consumer Protection
1025:Citizens Advice International
337:basic rights of all consumers
224:Association des Consommateurs
169:Consumers International is a
2505:Access to Knowledge movement
2063:Federal Antimonopoly Service
1140:Consumer Watchdog (Botswana)
924:Access to knowledge movement
174:company limited by guarantee
2464:Bioscience Resource Project
2102:Financial Markets Authority
1933:Competition Appeal Tribunal
1095:Consumers Council of Canada
663:epaperbeta.timesofindia.com
236:Health Action International
2546:
1863:Autorité de la concurrence
1850:Autoridade da Concorrência
1507:Anti-competitive practices
1397:Joe Lycett's Got Your Back
889:Test-Aankoop / Test-Achats
559:consumersinternational.org
1020:Citizens Advice Edinburgh
805:
627:Brobeck, Stephen (1997).
386:Brobeck, Stephen (1997).
324:Consumer rights activist
275:World Consumer Rights Day
26:
2089:Federal Trade Commission
1566:Federal Trade Commission
1060:Consumer Council of Fiji
1030:Citizens Advice Scotland
857:Consumers Union of Japan
839:Consumer Council of Fiji
279:On 15 March 1962 former
255:industrialised countries
211:to help fund the event.
1972:Competition Commission
1959:Competition Commission
1824:Anti-Monopoly Committee
1720:Banking Standards Board
1341:Don't Get Done, Get Dom
1160:Franchisees and Dealers
1110:Consumers International
919:Consumer Bill of Rights
799:Consumers International
614:www.presidency.ucsb.edu
288:Consumer Bill of Rights
148:Consumers International
137:.consumersinternational
22:Consumers International
2510:Consumer organizations
1985:Competition Commission
1758:Office of Fair Trading
1517:Better Business Bureau
1100:Consumers' Association
1000:Center for Auto Safety
809:consumer organizations
718:Sim, Foo Gaik (1991).
321:
316:First two chapters of
309:
297:
197:Consumers' Association
186:consumer organizations
2285:Industrial Commission
2076:Federal Cartel Office
2050:Fair Trade Commission
2037:Fair Trade Commission
2024:Fair Trade Commission
1606:Transparency (market)
1537:Consumer organization
1527:Competition regulator
1485:Consumer organization
1080:Consumer organization
315:
304:
253:, the other third in
2469:Environmental Action
1591:Planned obsolescence
1260:Consumers' Checkbook
1210:Truth in Advertising
1180:Option consommateurs
1115:Consumers' Coalition
871:Option consommateurs
669:on 16 September 2016
2484:Environment America
2408:North Carolina PIRG
1902:Commerce Commission
1581:Mandatory labelling
1120:Consumers' Research
966:Consumer protection
63:Consumer protection
54:Charity No. 1122155
23:
2378:Massachusetts PIRG
1946:Competition Bureau
1542:Cooling-off period
1532:Consumer complaint
1502:Airline complaints
1309:Stiftung Warentest
1185:Stiftung Warentest
877:Stiftung Warentest
459:The New York Times
440:babymilkaction.org
322:
310:
207:at the request of
162:, Middle East and
2492:
2491:
2433:Rhode Island PIRG
2423:Pennsylvania PIRG
1682:Joyce Elaine Roop
1556:Extended warranty
1383:The Investigators
1135:Consumer Watchdog
932:
931:
835:, The Netherlands
813:consumer movement
695:on 10 August 2018
659:"The Times Group"
305:WCRD's poster at
145:
144:
2537:
2353:Connecticut PIRG
2308:
2307:
2295:
2294:
2282:
2281:
2269:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2234:
2233:
2221:
2220:
2208:
2207:
2195:
2194:
2182:
2181:
2169:
2168:
2156:
2155:
2143:
2142:
2130:
2129:
2117:
2116:
2099:
2098:
2086:
2085:
2073:
2072:
2060:
2059:
2047:
2046:
2034:
2033:
2021:
2020:
2008:
2007:
1995:
1994:
1982:
1981:
1969:
1968:
1956:
1955:
1943:
1942:
1925:
1924:
1912:
1911:
1899:
1898:
1886:
1885:
1873:
1872:
1860:
1859:
1847:
1846:
1834:
1833:
1821:
1820:
1808:
1807:
1687:Donald Kemp Ross
1274:Ethical Consumer
1253:Consumer Reports
959:
952:
945:
936:
903:, United Kingdom
864:Consumer Reports
792:
785:
778:
769:
764:
761:
760:
758:Official website
752:
749:
748:
746:Official website
733:
705:
704:
702:
700:
691:. Archived from
685:
679:
678:
676:
674:
665:. Archived from
655:
649:
648:
624:
618:
617:
605:
599:
598:
587:
581:
580:
569:
563:
562:
551:
545:
544:
543:on 25 July 2017.
542:
536:. Archived from
531:
523:
517:
516:
514:
512:
501:
495:
494:
492:
490:
485:on 24 March 2006
484:
478:. Archived from
477:
469:
463:
462:
450:
444:
443:
432:
426:
425:
414:
408:
407:
383:
206:
141:
138:
136:
46:
44:
31:
24:
2545:
2544:
2540:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2534:
2495:
2494:
2493:
2488:
2452:
2443:Washington PIRG
2398:New Mexico PIRG
2393:New Jersey PIRG
2343:California PIRG
2324:
2322:
2321:Public Interest
2315:
2302:
2289:
2276:
2263:
2256:
2249:
2247:
2241:
2228:
2215:
2202:
2189:
2176:
2163:
2150:
2137:
2124:
2111:
2093:
2080:
2067:
2054:
2041:
2028:
2015:
2002:
1989:
1976:
1963:
1950:
1937:
1919:
1906:
1893:
1880:
1867:
1854:
1841:
1828:
1815:
1802:
1795:
1793:
1787:
1783:Witness Service
1712:
1706:
1697:Celeste Thorson
1692:Gene Russianoff
1672:Anthony Pollina
1657:Florence Kelley
1610:
1490:
1458:
1411:Rip Off Britain
1369:Food Inspectors
1321:
1302:Spendere Meglio
1219:
1215:UFC-Que Choisir
1175:Open Food Facts
1145:Konsumentenbund
1125:Consumers Union
1065:Consumer Direct
1050:ConsumerLab.com
1045:Consumentenbond
1015:Citizens Advice
968:
963:
933:
928:
906:
895:UFC-Que Choisir
867:, United States
833:Consumentenbond
815:
801:
796:
762:
756:
755:
750:
744:
743:
740:
730:
717:
714:
712:Further reading
709:
708:
698:
696:
687:
686:
682:
672:
670:
657:
656:
652:
645:
626:
625:
621:
607:
606:
602:
589:
588:
584:
571:
570:
566:
553:
552:
548:
540:
529:
525:
524:
520:
510:
508:
503:
502:
498:
488:
486:
482:
475:
471:
470:
466:
452:
451:
447:
434:
433:
429:
416:
415:
411:
404:
385:
384:
369:
364:
348:
342:
284:John F. Kennedy
277:
244:
204:
201:Consumers Union
193:Consumentenbond
182:
133:
122:
104:
89:
85:
42:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2543:
2541:
2533:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2497:
2496:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2460:
2458:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2450:
2448:Wisconsin PIRG
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2383:Minnesota PIRG
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2329:
2327:
2323:Research Group
2317:
2316:
2314:
2313:
2300:
2287:
2274:
2253:
2251:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2239:
2226:
2213:
2200:
2187:
2174:
2161:
2148:
2135:
2122:
2109:
2104:
2091:
2078:
2065:
2052:
2039:
2026:
2013:
2000:
1987:
1974:
1961:
1948:
1935:
1930:
1917:
1904:
1891:
1878:
1865:
1852:
1839:
1826:
1813:
1799:
1797:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1716:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1702:Michael Vernon
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1652:Gene Karpinski
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1622:Pamela Gilbert
1618:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1596:Product recall
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1498:
1496:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1488:
1481:
1474:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1449:
1442:
1435:
1428:
1421:
1414:
1407:
1400:
1393:
1386:
1379:
1372:
1365:
1358:
1351:
1344:
1337:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1312:
1305:
1298:
1291:
1284:
1277:
1270:
1263:
1256:
1249:
1242:
1235:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1055:Consumer Alert
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
976:
974:
970:
969:
964:
962:
961:
954:
947:
939:
930:
929:
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2418:Ontario PIRG
2358:Georgia PIRG
2338:Arizona PIRG
1773:Pension Wise
1711:Governmental
1677:Phil Radford
1637:Arshad Hasan
1632:Ted Halstead
1522:Class action
1483:
1478:ICRT Members
1476:
1469:
1451:
1446:That's Life!
1444:
1437:
1432:Street Cents
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1425:Short Change
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751:(in English)
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693:the original
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667:the original
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534:apps.who.int
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507:. Haiweb.org
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480:the original
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160:Asia Pacific
147:
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103:Area served
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2479:Green Corps
2333:Alaska PIRG
2248:competition
1794:competition
1667:Ralph Nader
1571:Food safety
1404:Marketplace
1205:Test Achats
1190:StopBadware
1075:Consumer NZ
851:Consumer NZ
847:, Australia
829:, Australia
326:Anwar Fazal
115:Campaigning
2499:Categories
2250:regulators
1796:regulators
1662:James Love
1642:Tom Hucker
1627:Joanna Guy
1561:Fair trade
1326:Television
1281:Finanztest
1239:Beobachter
729:0890435316
699:17 October
644:0874369878
595:uspirg.org
573:"TACD.org"
403:0874369878
362:References
330:observance
242:Membership
205:US$ 10,000
2413:Ohio PIRG
2368:Iowa PIRG
1750:INDEPABIS
1647:Jim Jontz
1586:Ombudsman
1512:Antitrust
1288:Guter Rat
1232:Akher Saa
1224:Magazines
1155:Foodwatch
995:CableHell
891:, Belgium
879:, Germany
511:10 August
489:10 August
422:ibfan.org
261:Consumers
216:The Hague
203:provided
121:Members
2246:Historic
1713:entities
1453:Watchdog
1130:CU Japan
911:Projects
897:, France
885:, Sweden
873:, Canada
673:22 March
577:tacd.org
346:Partners
226:and the
72:Location
66:watchdog
1792:Current
1348:Fair Go
1170:Labdoor
859:, Japan
820:Members
418:"IBFAN"
394:175–179
220:Belgium
180:History
130:Website
94:Origins
41: (
36:Founded
2325:(PIRG)
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1615:People
1547:Credit
1495:Issues
1439:Target
1316:Which?
1295:Pirkka
1246:Choice
1010:Choice
901:Which?
841:, Fiji
827:Choice
726:
641:
527:"Info"
400:
295:heard.
290:said:
164:Africa
152:London
112:Method
107:Global
79:London
1463:Lists
1376:Gruen
1267:dTest
541:(PDF)
530:(PDF)
483:(PDF)
476:(PDF)
307:Hanoi
286:with
59:Focus
1551:debt
1549:and
1165:ICRT
990:BEUC
980:ANEC
724:ISBN
701:2016
675:2016
639:ISBN
513:2018
491:2018
398:ISBN
267:and
139:.org
51:Type
43:1960
39:1960
635:176
222:'s
135:www
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45:)
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