187:(1957) that " power of the Congress to conduct investigations is inherent in the legislative process" and that " is unquestionably the duty of all citizens to cooperate with the Congress in its efforts to obtain the facts needed for intelligent legislative action. It is their unremitting obligation to respond to subpoenas, to respect the dignity of the Congress and its committees and to testify fully with respect to matters within the province of proper investigation." Congressional rules empower all its standing committees with the authority to compel witnesses to produce testimony and documents for subjects under its jurisdiction. Committee rules may provide for the full committee to issue a
200:(1961), a congressional committee must meet three requirements for its subpoenas to be "legally sufficient." First, the committee's investigation of the broad subject area must be authorized by its chamber; second, the investigation must pursue "a valid legislative purpose" but does not need to involve legislation and does not need to specify the ultimate intent of Congress; and third, the specific inquiries must be pertinent to the subject matter area that has been authorized for investigation.
243:. In the case of subcommittees, they report the resolution of contempt to the full committee, which then has the option of rejecting it, accepting it but not reporting it to the floor, or accepting it and reporting it to the floor of the chamber for action. On the floor of the House or the Senate, the reported resolution is considered privileged and, if the resolution of contempt is passed, the chamber has several options to enforce its mandate.
346:
2114:"Final Vote Results for Roll Call 489, Recommending that the House of Representatives find William P. Barr, Attorney General of the United States, and Wilbur L. Ross, Jr., Secretary of Commerce, In Contempt of Congress for Refusal to Comply with Subpoenas Duly Issued by the Committee on Oversight and Reform"
1118:
Obstruction of justice is the impediment of governmental activities. There are a host of federal criminal laws that prohibit obstructions of justice. The six most general outlaw obstruction of judicial proceedings (18 U.S.C. 1503), witness tampering (18 U.S.C. 1512), witness retaliation (18 U.S.C.
262:
Concerned with the time-consuming nature of a contempt proceeding and the inability to extend punishment further than the session of the
Congress concerned (under Supreme Court rulings), Congress created a statutory process in 1857. While Congress retains its "inherent contempt" authority and may
100:
held that
Congress's power to hold someone in contempt was essential to ensure that Congress was "... not exposed to every indignity and interruption that rudeness, caprice, or even conspiracy, may mediate against it." The historical interpretation that bribery of a senator or representative was
2010:
In the event Mr. Pagliano fails to appear, the
Committee will consider the following: Resolution and Report recommending that the House of Representatives find Bryan Pagliano in Contempt of Congress for Refusal to Comply with a Subpoena Duly Issued by the Committee on Oversight and Government
4199:
213:
which provides "an absolute bar to judicial interference" once it is determined that
Members are acting within the "legitimate legislative sphere" with such compulsory process. Under that ruling, courts generally do not hear motions to quash congressional subpoenas; even when
2731:
2741:
672:
The majority of documents in question were released following the conclusion of the
Department of Justice investigation into campaign finance violations of 1996. However, an additional memo was withheld and later claimed as privileged by the George W. Bush administration.
2726:
259:, brought to the floor of the chamber, held to answer charges by the presiding officer, and then subjected to punishment as the chamber may dictate (usually imprisonment for punishment, imprisonment for coercion, or release from the contempt citation).
1119:
1513), obstruction of congressional or administrative proceedings (18 U.S.C. 1505), conspiracy to defraud the United States (18 U.S.C. 371), and contempt (a creature of statute, rule and common law). All but
Section 1503 cover congressional activities.
3133:
238:
Following the refusal of a witness to produce documents or to testify, the committee is entitled to report a resolution of contempt to its parent chamber. A committee may also cite a person for contempt but not immediately report the resolution to
824:
4204:
4302:
3786:
1453:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3311:
2721:
767:
168:
would then follow in July 2024. Both
Navarro and Bannon's contempt of Congress convictions and prison sentences were connected with their refusals to comply with subpoenas which required them testify before the now-defunct
316:
The criminal offense of contempt of
Congress is a misdemeanor, punishable by a fine of not more than $ 100,000 nor less than $ 100 and imprisonment in a common jail for not less than one month nor more than twelve months.
3936:
3128:
584:
never presented the case to a Grand Jury as required by law. After legal cases and a court dismissal of the
Executive Branch's suit, the parties reached an agreement to provide documents and withdrew contempt citation.
2091:
3344:
2699:
2600:
2716:
4611:
3150:
2605:
3351:
3321:
572:
567:
278:, a lawyer and former Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Aeronautics who was charged with allowing clients to remove or rip up subpoenaed documents, was found guilty and sentenced to 10 days imprisonment.
2615:
664:
628:
509:
483:
3823:
3316:
4795:
4359:
3361:
3013:
431:
252:
4590:
4344:
3539:
2668:
2070:
975:
949:
923:
897:
170:
4875:
4354:
3145:
3020:
792:
House
Committee voted, 19–15, to recommend Pagliano for a contempt resolution for failing to appear during a September 13 and 22, 2016, hearing after being subpoenaed and submitting a written
2941:
2736:
1890:
3858:
1050:
611:
Indicted for contempt of Congress, but acquitted in trial; Later convicted for lying to Congress and sentenced to 6 months in prison, 5 years probation thereafter, and a fine of $ 10,000.
306:
2053:
4349:
4312:
3931:
3623:
4327:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2704:
4671:
4297:
3259:
3179:
3116:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2610:
3926:
3653:
3008:
4513:
3980:
3868:
3853:
3596:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3167:
603:
559:
541:
535:
457:
406:
2083:
4307:
3264:
3225:
3215:
2683:
2658:
1779:
325:
Senate Rules authorize the Senate to direct the Senate Legal Counsel to file a civil action against any private individual found in contempt. Upon motion by the Senate, the
885:
Acting Homeland Secretary Chad Wolf defies subpoena and skips House hearing as he faces whistleblower allegations that he urged department officials to alter intelligence.
4332:
3899:
3195:
2711:
877:
784:
750:
726:
287:
in federal courts to overturn his arrest, but after litigation, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that Congress had acted constitutionally, and denied the petition in the case
251:
Under this process, the procedure for holding a person in contempt involves only the chamber concerned. Following a contempt citation, the person cited is arrested by the
3953:
3476:
2936:
1928:
1306:
1280:
793:
2296:
62:—early Congresses issued contempt citations against numerous individuals for a variety of actions. Some instances of contempt of Congress included citations against:
4632:
3828:
2990:
2968:
2510:
699:
On March 4, 2009, Miers and former Deputy Chief of Staff to President Bush Karl Rove agreed to testify under oath before Congress about the firings of U.S. attorneys
3111:
3106:
2023:
4219:
3948:
3438:
2620:
1989:
691:
205:
3746:
3400:
3055:
549:
The White House delivered documents to the Rayburn House Office Building for review by Committee members for four hours, providing for no staff or photocopies.
222:" unsuitable for judicial remedy. In fact, many legal rights usually associated with a judicial subpoena do not apply to a congressional subpoena. For example,
101:
considered contempt of Congress has long since been abandoned in favor of criminal statutes. In 1857, Congress enacted a law that made "contempt of Congress" a
70:
1954:
2346:
1503:
4281:
3534:
3356:
2929:
2143:
870:
256:
127:
4660:
4276:
3992:
3873:
3591:
3544:
3138:
2540:
449:
329:
issues another order for a person to comply with Senate process. If the subject then refuses to comply with the Court's order, the person may be cited for
2269:
4442:
4140:
3781:
3220:
3581:
3507:
3060:
2948:
2673:
1816:
910:. Sentenced to 4 months in prison. Began serving his four month prison sentence on July 1, 2024, after his appeal was rejected by the Supreme Court..
4846:
4790:
4130:
4096:
3878:
3433:
3428:
3243:
2678:
43:
3987:
3863:
3756:
3633:
3423:
2191:
1898:
527:
161:
2241:
1783:
2057:
4581:
4485:
4388:
3791:
3716:
3090:
2636:
2530:
2463:
1753:
4261:
4246:
4173:
3914:
3806:
3776:
3566:
2653:
2641:
1613:
27:
4820:
4562:
4251:
2503:
1666:
643:
263:
exercise it at any time, this inherent contempt process was last used by the Senate in 1934, in a Senate investigation of airlines and the
120:, was sentenced to ten days of detention for destroying evidence under subpoena. MacCracken appealed his sentence to the Supreme Court in
4825:
4452:
4256:
4168:
4120:
3943:
3838:
3514:
2924:
849:
805:
763:
268:
138:
1563:
4209:
3455:
2391:
2323:
97:
4880:
4604:
4458:
4214:
3701:
3210:
3160:
2663:
2218:
4758:
4733:
4472:
4271:
4091:
3904:
2648:
2165:
1647:
1105:
1078:
424:
264:
38:
was considered contempt of Congress. In modern times, contempt of Congress has generally applied to the refusal to comply with a
962:
on September 7, 2023. Began serving his 4 month sentence on March 19, 2024, after his appeal was rejected by the Supreme Court.
4753:
4490:
4479:
4432:
4145:
3025:
2560:
2496:
595:
137:
While it has been said that "Congress is handcuffed in getting obstinate witnesses to comply", cases have been referred to the
1920:
1301:
1275:
4717:
4698:
4681:
4395:
4383:
4266:
4194:
2454:
1252:
841:
801:
719:
657:
146:
1541:
223:
2418:
4763:
4618:
4547:
4061:
3761:
3519:
3445:
3200:
3155:
1149:
2117:
2031:
1868:
1842:
4800:
4785:
4743:
4738:
4625:
4568:
4317:
4178:
4108:
3729:
3529:
3524:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2554:
2550:
2546:
1594:
1277:
Prosecution for the Contempt of Congress of an Executive Branch Official Who Has Asserted a Claim of Executive Privilege
636:
Subpoenaed documents were provided hours before the House of Representatives was set to consider the contempt citation.
326:
1997:
1167:
4703:
4528:
4412:
4125:
3450:
3172:
3035:
1223:
2056:(Press release). United States House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. February 17, 2017. Archived from
1964:
1709:
4748:
4533:
3460:
3121:
1511:
1350:
708:
196:
2139:
4810:
4523:
4427:
1479:"Congress's Contempt Power and the Enforcement of Congressional Subpoenas: Law, History, Practice, and Procedure"
1102:"Obstruction of Congress: A Brief Overview of Federal Law Relating to Interference with Congressional Activities"
275:
1564:"This is the Statement of SEN. Patrick J. Leahy, Ranking Minority Member, before the Senate Judiciary Committee"
4103:
2963:
2958:
2953:
1324:
1258:
Congress's Contempt Power and the Enforcement of Congressional Subpoenas: Law, History, Practice, and Procedure
743:
183:
4666:
2369:
1303:
Response to Congressional Requests for Information Regarding Decisions Made Under the Independent Counsel Act
301:
Following a contempt citation, the presiding officer of the chamber is instructed to refer the matter to the
4653:
4597:
4407:
4017:
3848:
3706:
3696:
3486:
3413:
3030:
1811:
210:
142:
1806:
4639:
4557:
4400:
2519:
796:
in lieu of appearing in person. No contempt resolution was considered by the chamber but Committee member
444:
302:
215:
83:
59:
23:
4505:
3648:
3561:
3556:
2270:"Mark Meadows: House votes to hold ex-Trump aide in contempt of Congress and refers him for prosecution"
959:
907:
470:
398:
191:, or permit subcommittees or the chairman (acting alone or with the ranking member) to issue subpoenas.
3721:
932:
On December 14, 2021, House of Representatives voted 222-203 to hold Meadows in contempt for defying a
227:
1775:
1694:
958:
Found guilty by a Federal Jury of contempt of Congress by unlawfully defying a subpoena issued by the
92:
4709:
4465:
4322:
4113:
4023:
3960:
3843:
3082:
2535:
915:
759:
517:
Documents were delivered to Congress prior to full Committee consideration of the contempt citation.
289:
122:
2192:"Trump ally Steve Bannon surrenders to federal prison to serve 4-month sentence on contempt charges"
1743:
4815:
4422:
4373:
4135:
4086:
3771:
3638:
2478:
1351:"Steve Bannon begins serving 4-month sentence in federal prison for defying congressional subpoena"
1045:
985:
984:
On April 6, 2022, House of Representatives voted 220-203 to hold Scavino in contempt for defying a
933:
684:
621:
616:
501:
475:
240:
150:
35:
2392:"Hunter Biden agrees to deposition with House Republican after months of defiance, committee says"
1325:"'I'm pissed': Ex-Trump aide Peter Navarro blasts justice system before heading to federal prison"
4805:
4495:
3833:
3751:
3691:
3571:
2575:
1748:
1671:
393:
219:
113:
1131:
832:
Found in contempt for failing to provide documents in an investigation into human trafficking.
4575:
4539:
4518:
3975:
3711:
3658:
3618:
3603:
3290:
2419:"House votes to hold Attorney General Merrick Garland in contempt for withholding Biden audio"
1717:
1621:
1297:
1040:
581:
330:
271:
4337:
3736:
3586:
3405:
496:
333:
and may incur sanctions imposed by the Court. The process has been used at least six times.
109:
102:
1648:"Decades before Steve Bannon was charged with contempt of Congress, Rita Lavelle was tried"
54:
In the late 1790s, declaring contempt of Congress was considered an "implied power" of the
4552:
3502:
3410:
2274:
1310:
1284:
1013:
837:
419:
1373:
4646:
3818:
3741:
3668:
3065:
1571:
1271:
1070:
797:
775:
74:
1101:
861:
Refusal to Comply with Subpoenas Duly Issued by the Committee on Oversight and Reform
345:
46:—usually seeking to compel either testimony or the production of requested documents.
4869:
3970:
3796:
3576:
2297:"Ex-Trump adviser Peter Navarro reports to prison on contempt of Congress conviction"
2219:"Former Trump chief of staff Mark Meadows held in contempt by House Jan. 6 committee"
941:
704:
678:
522:
465:
Califano complied with the subpoena about one month after the subcommittee citation.
283:
157:
131:
86:, another newspaper editor, for releasing sensitive information to the press in 1812.
66:
809:
309:; according to the law it is the duty of the U.S. Attorney to refer the matter to a
4841:
4065:
3965:
3613:
3608:
1132:"Founders Online: The Case of Robert Randall and Charles Whitney, 28 December 17 …"
993:
890:
817:
590:
554:
165:
31:
2030:. United States House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. Archived from
1996:. United States House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. Archived from
1897:. United States House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. Archived from
1533:
1428:
1403:
1168:"Hinds' Precedents, Volume 3 - Chapter 53 - Punishment of Witnesses for Contempt"
80:
William Duane, a newspaper editor who refused to answer Senate questions in 1800.
3814:
3766:
3673:
3628:
2246:
2054:"Chaffetz Asks Justice Department to Uphold Institutional Interests of Congress"
1188:
967:
845:
739:
715:
117:
55:
2347:"GOP-led committees vote to recommend that House hold Hunter Biden in contempt"
2447:
2113:
1864:
1838:
906:
Found guilty by a Federal Jury of unlawfully defying a subpoena issued by the
652:
310:
2166:"Steve Bannon Indicted for Criminal Contempt of Congress - November 13, 2021"
1721:
1625:
4037:
3643:
1891:"Lois Lerner's Involvement in the IRS Targeting of Tax-Exempt Organizations"
866:
2242:"House votes for Meadows to face criminal charges for defying Jan. 6 probe"
1478:
1256:
1008:
Biden agrees to provide a deposition to Committee on Oversight and Reform.
2345:
Fitzpatrick, Sarah; Concepcion, Summer; Richards, Zoë (January 10, 2024).
1001:
House Committee on the Judiciary, House Committee on Oversight and Reform
4030:
3481:
2488:
2422:
2370:"House to vote next week on holding Hunter Biden in contempt of Congress"
1959:
1228:
188:
39:
1955:"House panel votes to hold Clinton tech aide Bryan Pagliano in contempt"
768:
Finding Lois Lerner in contempt of Congress (H.Res. 574; 113th Congress)
3551:
218:
officials refuse to comply, courts tend to rule that such matters are "
58:, in a similar manner as the British Parliament could make findings of
1867:. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives. June 28, 2012.
1841:. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives. June 28, 2012.
4417:
4012:
4612:
First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln
1614:"U.S. ATTORNEY SAID TO ACT ON HIS OWN IN NOT PRESSING BURFORD CASE"
1612:
Maitland, Leslie; Times, Special To the New York (March 14, 1983).
1454:"Understanding Your Rights in Response to a Congressional Subpoena"
3894:
2448:"Congress's Contempt Power: Law, History, Practice, and Procedure"
1667:"Rita Lavelle gets 6-month term and is fined $ 10,000 for perjury"
1429:"Eastland v. United States Servicemen's Fund 421 U.S. 491 (1975)"
825:
Senate Homeland Security Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations
439:
Citation dismissed after "substantial compliance" with subpoena.
164:
to be imprisoned for a contempt of Congress criminal conviction.
3663:
267:. After a one-week trial on the Senate floor (presided over by
209:(1975) that congressional subpoenas are within the scope of the
4059:
3382:
2573:
2492:
2324:"House votes to hold Dan Scavino and Peter Navarro in contempt"
508:
Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources Subcommittee of the
340:
4591:
Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States
2024:"Examining Preservation of State Department Federal Records"
1984:
1982:
1349:
Murray, Sara; Polantz, Katelyn; Cole, Devan (July 1, 2024).
126:. After losing his case, he surrendered to Chesley Jurney,
804:, writing as an individual member of Congress, requesting
3384:
Powers, privileges, procedure, committees, history, media
2140:"Chad Wolf defies Subpoena impeached after historic vote"
1051:
Separation of powers under the United States Constitution
2084:"Homeland Security & Governmental Affairs Committee"
171:
House Select Committee that investigated January 6, 2021
970:, White House Deputy Chief of Staff for Communications
357:
1212:
Act of January 24, 1857, Ch. 19, sec. 1, 11 Stat. 155.
22:
is the misdemeanor act of obstructing the work of the
226:
and information that is normally protected under the
4514:
List of artwork at the United States Capitol complex
2268:
Feinberg, Andrew; Garcia, Eric (December 15, 2021).
1990:"Examining Preservation of State Department Records"
1948:
1946:
1921:"House votes to hold Lerner in contempt of Congress"
1100:
Congressional Research Service (December 27, 2007).
560:
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency
4834:
4776:
4726:
4691:
4680:
4504:
4441:
4372:
4290:
4239:
4232:
4187:
4161:
4154:
4077:
4005:
3913:
3887:
3805:
3684:
3495:
3469:
3393:
3304:
3252:
3236:
3188:
3099:
3081:
3074:
3048:
3001:
2917:
2910:
2750:
2692:
2629:
2593:
2586:
1780:
Clerk of the United States House of Representatives
1695:"Costly Lies: Rita Lavelle is convicted of perjury"
4876:Legislative branch of the United States government
1323:Leonard, Kimberly; Cheney, Kyle (March 19, 2024).
785:House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform
751:House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform
727:House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform
665:House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform
629:House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform
573:House Committee on Public Works and Transportation
568:House Committee on Public Works and Transportation
458:House Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce
414:Morton released the material to the subcommittee.
407:House Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce
1224:"Why Flynn could easily beat his Senate subpoena"
744:Director of the IRS Exempt Organizations Division
4633:George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door
4200:Emergency Planning, Preparedness, and Operations
1595:"House Panel Issues First Subpoena Over Firings"
1404:"Wilkinson v. United States 365 U.S. 399 (1961)"
1344:
1342:
1807:"House Panel Votes to Hold Holder in Contempt"
1150:"U.S. Senate: Senate Holds Editor in Contempt"
976:House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack
950:House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack
924:House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack
898:House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack
491:Duncan supplied the material by May 14, 1980.
2504:
116:, former Assistant Secretary of Commerce for
8:
2322:Wu, Nicholas; Cheney, Kyle (April 6, 2022).
1484:. Congressional Research Service. p. 10
871:United States Secretary of Homeland Security
337:Partial list contempt resolutions since 1975
4661:Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way
1710:"F.B.I. Memo Details Freeh Warning to Reno"
903:October 21, 2021, House of Representatives
696:February 14, 2008 House of Representatives
450:Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare
206:Eastland v. United States Servicemen's Fund
4688:
4236:
4158:
4074:
4056:
3919:
3390:
3379:
3078:
2914:
2590:
2583:
2570:
2511:
2497:
2489:
1534:"Jurney v. MacCracken 294 U.S. 125 (1935)"
375:
1296:Memorandum for the Attorney General from
1270:Memorandum for the Attorney General from
1248:
1246:
808:prosecution of Pagliano for misdemeanor "
69:, for an attempt to bribe Representative
16:Act of obstructing the US Congress's work
4847:United States Capitol cornerstone laying
1744:"Panel Holds Two Bush Aides in Contempt"
858:July 17, 2019, House of Representatives
855:House Committee on Oversight and Reform
510:House Committee on Government Operations
484:House Committee on Government Operations
274:, in his capacity as Senate President),
3614:Majority of the majority (Hastert Rule)
1819:from the original on September 30, 2019
1062:
800:subsequently addressed a letter to the
731:June 28, 2012 House of Representatives
42:issued by a congressional committee or
3091:Caucuses of the United States Congress
2240:Dickson, Caitlyn (December 14, 2021).
2146:from the original on February 14, 2021
2120:from the original on December 18, 2019
1865:"Final Vote Results for Roll Call 442"
1839:"Final Vote Results for Roll Call 441"
1786:from the original on February 27, 2008
1697:. content.time.com. December 12, 1983.
1665:Shabecoff, Philip (January 10, 1984).
1183:
1181:
1108:from the original on December 19, 2019
758:Found in contempt for her role in the
734:Found in contempt by a vote of 255–67
644:White House Director of Administration
604:House Committee on Energy and Commerce
542:House Committee on Energy and Commerce
536:House Committee on Energy and Commerce
432:House Select Committee on Intelligence
2464:"The Court of Congressional Contempt"
1953:Gerstein, Josh (September 22, 2016).
1931:from the original on October 23, 2015
1871:from the original on October 17, 2012
1845:from the original on October 17, 2012
1776:"Final Vote Results for Roll Call 60"
1708:Marquis, Christopher (May 19, 2000).
1313:, 10 Op. Off. Legal Counsel 68 (1986)
1287:, 8 Op. Off. Legal Counsel 101 (1984)
1189:"Anderson v. Dunn 19 U.S. 204 (1821)"
1028:Found in contempt by a 216–207 vote.
755:May 7, 2014 House of Representatives
7:
2368:Watson, Kathryn (January 12, 2024).
1544:from the original on August 11, 2011
1504:"William P. Mac Cracken, Jr. Papers"
156:In March 2024, it was reported that
130:, who detained him in a room at the
2722:Expelled, censured, and reprimanded
1756:from the original on April 17, 2014
1646:Timothy Bella (November 13, 2021).
1081:from the original on August 3, 2013
850:United States Secretary of Commerce
139:United States Department of Justice
2217:Jansen, Bart (December 13, 2021).
779:IT director, Hillary Clinton aide
98:Supreme Court of the United States
14:
4605:Progress of Civilization Pediment
4459:Congressional Pictorial Directory
3312:By length of service historically
1075:LII / Legal Information Institute
1021:House Committee on the Judiciary
878:House Homeland Security Committee
30:. Historically, the bribery of a
4473:Official Congressional Directory
4092:Gov. Accountability Office (GAO)
2417:Yilek, Caitlin (June 12, 2024).
2094:from the original on May 8, 2019
692:House Committee on the Judiciary
647:Matthew Moore, White House aide
344:
4282:Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper
3129:Arab and Middle Eastern members
3026:Bipartisan Legal Advisory Group
2561:Lists of United States Congress
1222:Wright, Austin (May 15, 2017).
582:U.S. Attorney Stanley S. Harris
281:MacCracken filed a petition of
4384:Congressional Research Service
4131:Congr. Workplace Rights (OCWR)
3134:Asian Pacific American members
2462:Zuckerman, Michael A. (2009).
2455:Congressional Research Service
1742:Stout, David (July 25, 2007).
1253:Congressional Research Service
842:United States Attorney General
566:Oversight Subcommittee of the
253:Sergeant-at-Arms for the House
230:do not need to be recognized.
181:The Supreme Court affirmed in
149:is protected from contempt by
147:President of the United States
1:
4619:Surrender of General Burgoyne
3976:Old Brick Capitol (1815–1819)
3139:Asian Pacific American Caucus
2732:Lost re-election in a primary
1805:Perez, Evan (June 20, 2012).
1593:Eggen, Dan (April 11, 2007).
1477:Garvey, Todd (May 12, 2017).
1261:, Todd Garvey (May 12, 2017).
996:, son of President Joe Biden
918:, White House Chief of Staff
766:declined to prosecute. (See:
4626:Surrender of Lord Cornwallis
4569:The Apotheosis of Washington
4303:Chief Administrative Officer
4141:Gov. Publishing Office (GPO)
762:and refusal to testify. The
4791:Health and Fitness Facility
4583:Declaration of Independence
3352:Killed or wounded in office
3173:Congressional Jewish Caucus
3146:Hispanic and Latino members
2471:Journal of Law and Politics
105:against the United States.
4897:
4205:Interparliamentary Affairs
4126:Congr. Budget Office (CBO)
3762:Riddick's Senate Procedure
3189:Gender and sexual identity
1374:"WATKINS v. UNITED STATES"
1283:February 25, 2017, at the
709:White House Chief of Staff
197:Wilkinson v. United States
160:would be the first former
4811:Old Supreme Court Chamber
4524:Congressional Prayer Room
4073:
4055:
3971:Congress Hall (1790–1800)
3922:
3389:
3378:
3317:Current members by wealth
2742:Elected but did not serve
2582:
2569:
2526:
1309:December 8, 2019, at the
1025:House of Representatives
1005:House of Representatives
981:House of Representatives
955:House of Representatives
929:House of Representatives
698:
695:
688:
635:
632:
625:
608:House of Representatives
578:House of Representatives
528:Secretary of the Interior
276:William P. MacCracken Jr.
224:attorney–client privilege
4881:Law of the United States
4104:Architect of the Capitol
3966:Federal Hall (1789–1790)
3107:African-American members
2531:House of Representatives
1016:, U.S. attorney general
184:Watkins v. United States
4654:Washington at Princeton
4598:Apotheosis of Democracy
4018:Congressional Quarterly
3707:Executive communication
3697:Blue slip (U.S. Senate)
3654:Suspension of the rules
3180:Native American members
2606:By shortness of service
2477:: 41–81. Archived from
1812:The Wall Street Journal
382:Subcommittee/Committee
211:Speech or Debate clause
143:Office of Legal Counsel
128:Senate sergeant at arms
4821:Webster Page Residence
4796:House Recording Studio
4640:Revolutionary War Door
4401:Register of Copyrights
3982:Biographical Directory
3451:"Necessary and Proper"
2991:Policy Committee Chair
2969:Policy Committee Chair
2520:United States Congress
1104:. EveryCRSReport.com.
1071:"Contempt of Congress"
944:, White House Adviser
829:March 17, 2016 Senate
445:Joseph A. Califano Jr.
327:federal district court
145:has asserted that the
60:contempt of Parliament
24:United States Congress
4146:Technology Assessment
3567:Dear Colleague letter
3562:Continuing resolution
3557:Concurrent resolution
3036:Republican Conference
2976:Republican Conference
2937:President pro tempore
2669:Born outside the U.S.
2142:. December 19, 2019.
2034:on September 22, 2018
2000:on September 21, 2018
1782:. February 14, 2008.
1378:United States Reports
1372:Warren, Earl (1957).
1136:founders.archives.gov
960:January 6th Committee
908:January 6th Committee
764:Department of Justice
471:Charles W. Duncan Jr.
399:Secretary of Commerce
388:Ultimate Disposition
297:Statutory proceedings
4710:Mountains and Clouds
4466:Congressional Record
4323:Floor Services Chief
4210:Law Revision Counsel
3961:Continental Congress
3456:Power of enforcement
3419:Contempt of Congress
3322:From multiple states
3275:Mormon (LDS) members
3083:Congressional caucus
2727:Served a single term
2659:Expelled or censured
2601:By length of service
2088:www.hsgac.senate.gov
1901:on December 25, 2018
794:Fifth Amendment plea
760:2013 IRS controversy
482:Subcommittee of the
456:Subcommittee of the
405:Subcommittee of the
307:District of Columbia
290:Jurney v. MacCracken
162:White House official
123:Jurney v. MacCracken
84:Nathaniel Rounsavell
20:Contempt of Congress
4734:Building Commission
4215:Legislative Counsel
4136:Library of Congress
4097:Comptroller General
4087:Congressional staff
3772:Senatorial courtesy
3161:Hispanic Conference
2576:Members and leaders
2172:. November 13, 2021
2028:oversight.house.gov
1994:oversight.house.gov
1967:on October 19, 2018
1599:The Washington Post
986:January 6 Committee
934:January 6 Committee
802:US Attorney General
782:September 13, 2016
685:White House Counsel
622:White House Counsel
502:Secretary of Energy
476:Secretary of Energy
220:political questions
151:executive privilege
36:U.S. representative
4806:Old Senate Chamber
4672:VP Bust Collection
4496:United States Code
4428:Jefferson Building
4121:Cap. Guide Service
3988:Divided government
3905:Seal of the Senate
3869:Select and special
3834:Discharge petition
3787:Tie-breaking votes
3752:Recess appointment
3692:Advice and consent
3572:Discharge petition
3515:Appropriation bill
3424:Declaration of war
2616:Non-voting members
2484:on April 15, 2010.
2398:. January 18, 2024
2060:on October 5, 2018
1749:The New York Times
1714:The New York Times
1672:The New York Times
1652:washingtonpost.com
1618:The New York Times
973:February 23, 2022
947:February 23, 2022
921:December 13, 2021
875:September 17, 2020
425:Secretary of State
394:Rogers C.B. Morton
356:. You can help by
203:The Court held in
114:William MacCracken
4863:
4862:
4859:
4858:
4855:
4854:
4772:
4771:
4576:Statue of Freedom
4540:Statue of Freedom
4519:Brumidi Corridors
4491:Statutes at Large
4445:Publishing Office
4368:
4367:
4228:
4227:
4051:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4001:
4000:
3949:election disputes
3937:speaker elections
3900:Mace of the House
3747:Presiding Officer
3712:Executive session
3659:Unanimous consent
3619:Multiple referral
3604:Lame-duck session
3374:
3373:
3370:
3369:
3300:
3299:
3100:Ethnic and racial
3044:
3043:
3031:Democratic Caucus
2954:Democratic Caucus
2906:
2905:
1574:on March 18, 2017
1514:on April 21, 2008
1298:Charles J. Cooper
1046:The Hollywood Ten
1041:Contempt of court
1032:
1031:
999:January 10, 2024
895:October 18, 2021
539:February 25, 1982
429:November 15, 1975
403:November 11, 1975
374:
373:
331:contempt of court
272:John Nance Garner
247:Inherent contempt
228:Trade Secrets Act
4888:
4689:
4506:Capitol Building
4480:U.S. Gov. Manual
4433:Madison Building
4396:Copyright Office
4360:Sergeant at Arms
4318:Floor Operations
4237:
4159:
4075:
4057:
3920:
3737:Morning business
3624:House procedures
3587:Joint resolution
3391:
3380:
3260:Buddhist members
3079:
2915:
2737:Switched parties
2684:Switched parties
2621:Unseated members
2611:Youngest members
2591:
2584:
2571:
2513:
2506:
2499:
2490:
2485:
2483:
2468:
2458:
2452:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2342:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2303:. March 19, 2024
2293:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2265:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2196:Associated Press
2188:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2170:Daily News Brief
2162:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2080:
2074:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2007:
2005:
1986:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1963:. Archived from
1950:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1570:. Archived from
1560:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1510:. Archived from
1500:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1483:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1458:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1346:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1320:
1314:
1294:
1288:
1268:
1262:
1255:Report RL34097,
1250:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1219:
1213:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1185:
1176:
1175:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1128:
1122:
1121:
1115:
1113:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1067:
720:Attorney General
658:Attorney General
564:December 2, 1982
534:Subcommittee of
532:February 9, 1982
497:James B. Edwards
376:
369:
366:
348:
341:
321:Civil procedures
216:executive branch
194:As announced in
110:Air Mail Scandal
103:criminal offense
93:Anderson v. Dunn
4896:
4895:
4891:
4890:
4889:
4887:
4886:
4885:
4866:
4865:
4864:
4851:
4830:
4778:
4768:
4722:
4683:
4676:
4553:Hall of Columns
4500:
4444:
4437:
4375:
4364:
4345:Parliamentarian
4286:
4277:Parliamentarian
4224:
4183:
4150:
4079:
4069:
4062:Capitol Complex
4043:
3997:
3993:Party divisions
3909:
3883:
3801:
3685:Senate-specific
3680:
3535:Closed sessions
3503:Act of Congress
3491:
3465:
3461:Taxing/spending
3385:
3366:
3357:Party switchers
3326:Died in office
3296:
3248:
3232:
3201:Equality Caucus
3184:
3156:Hispanic Caucus
3095:
3070:
3040:
2997:
2902:
2746:
2688:
2625:
2578:
2565:
2522:
2517:
2481:
2466:
2461:
2457:. May 12, 2017.
2450:
2446:
2443:
2438:
2437:
2427:
2425:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2401:
2399:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2375:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2352:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2329:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2306:
2304:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2280:
2278:
2275:The Independent
2267:
2266:
2262:
2252:
2250:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2224:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2201:
2199:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2175:
2173:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2149:
2147:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2123:
2121:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2097:
2095:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2071:Archived letter
2063:
2061:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2037:
2035:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2003:
2001:
1988:
1987:
1980:
1970:
1968:
1952:
1951:
1944:
1934:
1932:
1927:. May 7, 2014.
1919:
1918:
1914:
1904:
1902:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1874:
1872:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1848:
1846:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1822:
1820:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1789:
1787:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1759:
1757:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1726:
1724:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1678:
1676:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1630:
1628:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1577:
1575:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1547:
1545:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1517:
1515:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1487:
1485:
1481:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1437:
1435:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1412:
1410:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1387:
1385:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1356:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1340:
1330:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1311:Wayback Machine
1295:
1291:
1285:Wayback Machine
1269:
1265:
1251:
1244:
1234:
1232:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1197:
1195:
1187:
1186:
1179:
1172:www.govinfo.gov
1166:
1165:
1161:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1111:
1109:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1084:
1082:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1037:
1014:Merrick Garland
882:Not considered
876:
838:William P. Barr
823:
789:Not considered
783:
778:
749:
748:March 11, 2014
742:
725:
690:
682:
669:Not considered
663:
656:
646:
642:
633:Not considered
627:
620:
602:
594:
570:
565:
558:
546:Not considered
540:
538:
533:
526:
514:Not considered
507:
500:
488:Not considered
481:
474:
462:Not considered
455:
448:
436:Not considered
430:
423:
420:Henry Kissinger
411:Not considered
404:
397:
370:
364:
361:
354:needs expansion
339:
323:
299:
265:U.S. Postmaster
249:
236:
179:
52:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4894:
4892:
4884:
4883:
4878:
4868:
4867:
4861:
4860:
4857:
4856:
4853:
4852:
4850:
4849:
4844:
4838:
4836:
4832:
4831:
4829:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4801:Senate chamber
4798:
4793:
4788:
4786:Botanic Garden
4782:
4780:
4774:
4773:
4770:
4769:
4767:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4739:office lottery
4736:
4730:
4728:
4724:
4723:
4721:
4720:
4715:
4714:
4713:
4701:
4695:
4693:
4686:
4678:
4677:
4675:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4657:
4650:
4647:Columbus Doors
4643:
4636:
4629:
4622:
4615:
4608:
4601:
4594:
4587:
4579:
4572:
4565:
4563:Visitor Center
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4544:
4543:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4510:
4508:
4502:
4501:
4499:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4476:
4469:
4462:
4455:
4453:Public Printer
4449:
4447:
4439:
4438:
4436:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4423:Adams Building
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4404:
4403:
4393:
4392:
4391:
4380:
4378:
4370:
4369:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4341:
4340:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4294:
4292:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4243:
4241:
4234:
4230:
4229:
4226:
4225:
4223:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4191:
4189:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4165:
4163:
4156:
4152:
4151:
4149:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4117:
4116:
4106:
4101:
4100:
4099:
4089:
4083:
4081:
4071:
4070:
4060:
4053:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4045:
4044:
4042:
4041:
4034:
4027:
4020:
4015:
4009:
4007:
4003:
4002:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3957:
3956:
3951:
3944:Senate history
3941:
3940:
3939:
3934:
3923:
3917:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3891:
3889:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3819:ranking member
3811:
3809:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3782:Standing Rules
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3757:Reconciliation
3754:
3749:
3744:
3742:Nuclear option
3739:
3734:
3731:Senate Journal
3727:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3688:
3686:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3677:
3676:
3671:
3669:Line-item veto
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3634:Reconciliation
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3600:
3599:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3548:
3547:
3542:
3532:
3527:
3525:Budget process
3522:
3517:
3512:
3511:
3510:
3499:
3497:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3473:
3471:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3446:Naturalization
3443:
3442:
3441:
3436:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3408:
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3859:List (House)
3854:List (Joint)
3824:Of the Whole
3730:
3723:
3722:Jefferson's
3609:Magic minute
3418:
3362:Slave owners
3345:2000–present
3291:Sikh members
3289:
3196:LGBT members
3122:Black Caucus
2898:118th (2023)
2893:117th (2021)
2888:116th (2019)
2883:115th (2017)
2878:114th (2015)
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2833:105th (1997)
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2813:101st (1989)
2808:100th (1987)
2479:the original
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1095:
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1074:
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1020:
1000:
994:Hunter Biden
974:
948:
922:
916:Mark Meadows
896:
891:Steve Bannon
844:
818:Backpage.com
810:contumacious
591:Rita Lavelle
571:
555:Anne Gorsuch
362:
358:adding to it
353:
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313:for action.
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96:(1821), the
91:
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44:subcommittee
32:U.S. senator
19:
18:
4816:Power Plant
4408:Law Library
4109:Cap. Police
4078:Legislative
3767:Senate hold
3674:Pocket veto
3649:Sponsorship
3629:Quorum call
3429:Impeachment
2803:99th (1985)
2798:98th (1983)
2793:97th (1981)
2788:96th (1979)
2783:95th (1977)
2778:94th (1975)
2773:93rd (1973)
2768:92nd (1971)
2763:91st (1969)
2758:90th (1967)
2751:New members
2402:January 19,
2376:January 12,
2353:January 12,
2247:Yahoo! News
2225:January 12,
2221:. USA Today
1925:foxnews.com
1085:January 21,
968:Dan Scavino
846:Wilbur Ross
740:Lois Lerner
716:Eric Holder
626:May 9, 1996
118:Aeronautics
56:legislature
4870:Categories
4779:facilities
4486:Serial Set
4374:Library of
4350:Postmaster
4313:Doorkeeper
4174:Historical
3829:Conference
3807:Committees
3792:Traditions
3717:Filibuster
3470:Privileges
3244:Physicians
3237:Occupation
2986:Vice-Chair
2587:Membership
2372:. CBS News
2349:. NBC News
2326:. Politico
1568:senate.gov
1538:justia.com
1433:justia.com
1408:justia.com
1388:August 24,
1327:. Politico
1193:justia.com
1057:References
988:subpoena.
936:subpoena.
812:conduct."
653:Janet Reno
617:Jack Quinn
311:grand jury
234:Procedures
28:committees
4754:Longworth
4684:buildings
4667:VP's Room
4328:Historian
4267:Librarian
4262:Historian
4247:Secretary
4233:Employees
4038:Roll Call
3849:Oversight
3777:Seniority
3644:Saxbe fix
3582:Expulsion
3496:Procedure
3434:Inquiries
3414:(Dormant)
3406:Copyright
3401:Article I
3340:1950–1999
3335:1900–1949
3330:1790–1899
3049:Districts
2964:Secretary
2925:President
2705:seniority
2679:Appointed
2642:seniority
1895:house.gov
1722:0362-4331
1626:0362-4331
1488:April 30,
1462:April 24,
867:Chad Wolf
598:official
241:the floor
177:Subpoenas
112:of 1934,
4585:painting
4376:Congress
4298:Chaplain
4252:Chaplain
4031:Politico
4024:The Hill
3874:Standing
3839:Hearings
3815:Chairman
3487:Immunity
3482:Franking
3477:Salaries
3411:Commerce
3253:Religion
2674:Resigned
2428:June 12,
2423:CBS News
2301:NBC News
2144:Archived
2118:Archived
2092:Archived
1960:Politico
1929:Archived
1875:June 29,
1869:Archived
1849:June 29,
1843:Archived
1823:June 20,
1817:Archived
1784:Archived
1760:July 26,
1754:Archived
1542:Archived
1307:Archived
1281:Archived
1229:Politico
1106:Archived
1079:Archived
1035:See also
385:Chamber
305:for the
189:subpoena
77:in 1795.
40:subpoena
4835:Related
4764:Rayburn
4759:O'Neill
4718:Russell
4699:Dirksen
4548:Rotunda
4389:reports
4257:Curator
4220:Library
4179:Library
4169:Curator
4155:Offices
4080:offices
3954:memoirs
3932:memoirs
3915:History
3702:Classes
3552:Cloture
3530:Censure
3305:Related
3021:Leaders
3009:Speaker
2949:Leaders
2911:Leaders
2700:Members
2664:Classes
2637:Members
2594:Members
2396:AP News
2330:July 1,
2307:May 16,
2281:July 1,
2202:July 1,
2098:May 18,
2038:May 18,
2011:Reform.
2004:May 18,
1935:May 18,
1905:May 18,
1679:July 1,
1578:May 18,
1548:May 18,
1518:May 18,
1438:May 18,
1413:May 18,
1357:July 1,
1331:July 1,
1235:May 17,
1198:May 18,
683:Former
379:Person
108:In the
50:History
4826:Subway
4744:Cannon
4692:Senate
4682:Office
4418:THOMAS
4240:Senate
4162:Senate
4013:C-SPAN
3895:Gavels
3844:Markup
3724:Manual
3545:Senate
3394:Powers
3211:Senate
3207:Women
3112:Senate
3075:Groups
2918:Senate
2717:Former
2654:Former
2630:Senate
2536:Senate
1727:May 9,
1720:
1631:May 9,
1624:
1300:, Re:
1274:, Re:
257:Senate
141:. The
4777:Other
4727:House
4529:Crypt
4338:Board
4333:Pages
4308:Clerk
4291:House
4272:Pages
4188:House
4114:Board
4006:Media
3888:Items
3639:Rider
3540:House
3439:Trial
3216:House
3117:House
3002:House
2981:Chair
2959:Chair
2693:House
2555:119th
2551:118th
2547:117th
2482:(PDF)
2467:(PDF)
2451:(PDF)
1482:(PDF)
1457:(PDF)
1384:: 576
1353:. CNN
4749:Ford
4704:Hart
4534:Dome
4443:Gov.
3817:and
3664:Veto
3597:list
3520:Bill
3508:list
3151:list
3056:List
3014:list
2942:list
2930:list
2712:Dean
2649:Dean
2430:2024
2404:2024
2378:2024
2355:2024
2332:2024
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2255:2021
2227:2024
2204:2024
2178:2021
2152:2019
2126:2019
2100:2017
2066:2018
2040:2017
2006:2017
1973:2018
1937:2017
1907:2017
1877:2012
1851:2012
1825:2012
1792:2008
1762:2007
1729:2021
1718:ISSN
1681:2024
1633:2021
1622:ISSN
1580:2017
1550:2017
1520:2017
1490:2019
1464:2019
1440:2017
1415:2017
1390:2020
1359:2024
1333:2024
1237:2017
1200:2017
1114:2019
1087:2020
1382:554
806:DOJ
596:EPA
360:.
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