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documenting the high costs of long working hours for both individuals and society. The progressives' quest for efficiency was sometimes at odds with the progressives' quest for democracy. Taking power out of the hands of elected officials and placing that power in the hands of professional administrators reduced the voice of the politicians and in turn reduced the voice of the people. Centralized decision-making by trained experts and reduced power for local wards made government less corrupt but more distant and isolated from the people it served. Progressives who emphasized the need for efficiency typically argued that trained independent experts could make better decisions than the local politicians. In his influential
1910:
1002:. Many cities created municipal "reference bureaus" which did expert surveys of government departments looking for waste and inefficiency. After in-depth surveys, local and even state governments were reorganized to reduce the number of officials and to eliminate overlapping areas of authority between departments. City governments were reorganized to reduce the power of local ward bosses and to increase the powers of the city council. Governments at every level began developing budgets to help them plan their expenditures rather than spending money haphazardly as needs arose and revenue became available. Governor
1146:, the reason why women resorted to prostitution was due to the inadequate salaries they received. However, she also mentions the absence of family oversight of female modesty, as young women migrated from rural to urban areas. Although most prostitutes were born in America, the public believed that women were being brought into the United States and later sold into prostitution. The opposition against prostitution could have been a reflection of concerns regarding the influx of immigrants, the growth of cities, the development of industries, and the erosion of established moral standards.
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were made to the system to effectively make legal processes, market transactions, bureaucratic administration and democracy easier to manage, putting them under the classification of "Municipal
Administration". There was also a change in authority for this system as it was believed that the authority that was not properly organized had now given authority to professionals, experts and bureaucrats for these services. These changes led to a more solid type of municipal administration compared to the old system that was underdeveloped and poorly constructed.
1103:
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902:
1077:—during 1900–1928. Historians of educational reform during the Progressive Era tend to highlight the fact that many progressive policies and reforms were very different and at times even contradictory. At the school district level, contradictory reform policies were often especially apparent, though there is little evidence of confusion among progressive school leaders in Denver, Seattle and Oakland. District leaders in these cities, including
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1306:, which had been taught in American universities since the early nineteenth century and featured prominently in the scientific debate over Darwin’s theory of evolution. Eugenics, which attempted to use genetics and mathematics to validate many racist claims, was its last gasp. The most notable thing about the Progressives is that they were responsible for bringing scientific racism to an end.
1058:. Many educational reforms and innovations generated during this period continued to influence debates and initiatives in American education for the remainder of the 20th century. One of the most apparent legacies of the Progressive Era left to American education was the perennial drive to reform schools and curricula, often as the product of energetic grass-roots movements in the city.
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1335:. Typically, the progressive elements in those states pushed for disenfranchisement, often fighting against the conservatism of the Black Belt whites. A major reason given was that whites routinely purchased black votes to control elections, and it was easier to disenfranchise blacks than to go after powerful white men. In the
1392:
advocates of national self-determination? And whatever they were, what was their motivation? Moralistic utopianism? Muddled relativistic pragmatism? Hegemonic capitalism? Not surprisingly many battered scholars began to shout 'no mas!' In 1970, Peter Filene declared that the term 'progressivism' had become meaningless.
1173:
family solvent. Progressives enacted state and federal laws against child labor, but these were overturned by the US Supreme Court. A proposed constitutional amendment was opposed by business and
Catholics; it passed Congress but was never ratified by enough states. Child labor was finally outlawed by the
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have endorsed a federally mandated wage increase to $ 15 an hour. The movement has already seen success with its implementation in
California with the passing of bill to raise the minimum wage $ 1 every year until reaching $ 15 an hour in 2021. New York workers are lobbying for similar legislation as
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nominations in 1896. At the time, the great majority of other major leaders had been opposed to populism. When
Roosevelt left the Republican Party in 1912, he took with him many of the intellectual leaders of progressivism, but very few political leaders. The Republican Party then became notably more
1053:
placed a universal and comprehensive system of education at the top of the progressive agenda, reasoning that if a democracy were to be successful, its leaders, the general public, needed a good education. Progressives worked hard to expand and improve public and private education at all levels. They
1881:
peaked in 1968 at around $ 9.90 an hour in 2020 dollars. Progressives believe that stagnating wages perpetuate income inequality and that raising the minimum wage is a necessary step to combat inequality. If the minimum wage grew at the rate of productivity growth in the United States, it would be $
1405:
The progressives mobilized concerned middle class voters as well as newspapers and magazines to identify problems and concentrate reform sentiment on specific problems. Many
Protestants focused on the saloon as the power base for corruption as well as violence and family disruption, so they tried to
1401:
The progressives typically concentrated on city and state government, looking for waste and better ways to provide services as the cities grew rapidly. These changes led to a more structured system, power that had been centralized within the legislature would now be more locally focused. The changes
1319:
keepers and precinct workers, as the culprits who stuffed the ballot boxes. The solution to purifying the vote included prohibition (designed to close down the saloons), voter registration requirements (designed to end multiple voting), and literacy tests (designed to minimize the number of ignorant
938:. Nonetheless, the progressive movement was split over which of the following solutions should be used to regulate corporations. Many progressives argued that industrial monopolies were unnatural economic institutions which suppressed the competition which was necessary for progress and improvement.
1955:
In the 21st century progressives in the United States are advocating for the implementation of legislation that will promote a more equal society and help reduce the gaps between diverse populations in the
American society, including the gaps between populations of different races, gender gaps and
1924:
Modern progressives advocate strong environmental protections and measures to reduce or eliminate pollution. One reason for this is the strong link between economic injustice and adverse environmental conditions as groups that are economically marginalized tend to be disproportionately affected by
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to purify the elections using supposedly purer female voters. Progressives in the South supported the elimination of supposedly corrupt black voters from the election booth. Historian
Michael Perman says that in both Texas and Georgia "disfranchisement was the weapon as well as the rallying cry in
1835:(CPC) outlined five key healthcare principles they intended to pass into law. The CPC mandated a nationwide public option, affordable health insurance, insurance market regulations, an employer insurance provision mandate and comprehensive services for children. In March 2010, Congress passed the
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e are now intensely occupied in forging the tools of democracy, the direct primary, the initiative, the referendum, the recall, the short ballot, commission government. But in our enthusiasm we do not seem to be aware that these tools will be worthless unless they are used by those who are aflame
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system that stripped party bosses of the power to pick party candidates. The Oregon System included a "Corrupt
Practices Act", a public referendum and a state-funded voter's pamphlet, among other reforms which were exported to other states in the Northwest and Midwest. Its high point was in 1912,
2299:
Progressivism emerged as a response to the excesses of the Gilded Age ... . fought for worker's compensation, child labor laws, minimum wage and maximum hours legislation; they enacted anti-trust laws, improved living conditions in urban slums, instituted the graduated income tax, won women the
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children the opportunity to go to school and mature more institutionally, thereby liberating the potential of humanity and encouraging the advancement of humanity. Factory owners generally did not want this progression because of lost workers. Parents relied on the income of children to keep the
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in 1929. Many of the core principles of the progressive movement focused on the need for efficiency in all areas of society, and for greater democratic control over public policy. Purification to eliminate waste and corruption was a powerful element as well as the progressives' support of worker
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in
Seattle and Fred M. Hunter in Oakland, often employed a seemingly contradictory set of reforms. Local progressive educators consciously sought to operate independently of national progressive movements as they preferred reforms that were easy to implement and were encouraged to mix and blend
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Since progressivism was and continues to be "in the eyes of the beholder", progressive education encompasses very diverse and sometimes conflicting directions in educational policy. Such enduring legacies of the
Progressive Era continue to interest historians. Progressive Era reformers stressed
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What were the central themes that emerged from the cacophony ? Democracy or elitism? Social justice or social control? Small entrepreneurship or concentrated capitalism? And what was the impact of American foreign policy? Were the progressives isolationists or interventionists? Imperialists or
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hoped to make American governments better able to serve the people's needs by making governmental operations and services more efficient and rational. Rather than making legal arguments against ten-hour workdays for women, he used "scientific principles" and data produced by social scientists
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companies could not offer. However, these large corporations might abuse their great power. The federal government should allow these companies to exist, but otherwise regulate them for the public interest. President Roosevelt generally supported this idea and incorporated it as part of his "
965:
Progressives, such as Benjamin Parke De Witt, argued that, in a modern economy, large corporations and even monopolies were both inevitable and desirable. He argued that with their massive resources and economies of scale, large corporations offered the United States advantages which smaller
770:
describes American progressivism as a "political movement that addresses ideas, impulses, and issues stemming from modernization of American society. Emerging at the end of the nineteenth century, it established much of the tone of American politics throughout the first half of the century."
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financial regulatory act in 2010 provided increased oversight on financial institutions and the creation of new regulatory agencies, but many progressives argue its broad framework allows for financial institutions to continue to take advantage of consumers and the government. Among others,
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as being "t a glance, ... not much here for 21st-century progressives to claim kinship with. Today's progressives emphasize racial equality and minority rights, decry U.S. imperialism, shun biological ideas in social science, and have little use for piety or proselytizing," Ultimately, both
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During this era of massive reformation among all social aspects, elimination of prostitution was vital for the progressives, especially the women. The anti-prostitution movement involved three main groups: Christians, Progressive Era feminists, and physicians. Many individuals active in the
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system, citing his belief that millions of Americans are still paying too much for health insurance and arguing that millions more do not receive the care they need. In November 2016, an effort was made to implement a single-payer healthcare system in the state of Colorado, known as
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all pursued environmental, political and economic reforms. Chief among these aims was the pursuit of trust busting, the breaking up very large monopolies and support for labor unions, public health programs, decreased corruption in politics and environmental conservation.
1054:
believed that modernization of society necessitated the compulsory education of all children, even if the parents objected. Progressives turned to educational researchers to evaluate the reform agenda by measuring numerous aspects of education, later leading to
1185:
Labor unions grew steadily until 1916, then expanded fast during the war. In 1919, a wave of major strikes alienated the middle class and the strikes were lost which alienated the workers. In the 1920s, the unions were in the doldrums. In 1924, they supported
1737:
Modern progressivism can be seen as encompassing many notable differences from the historical progressivism of the 19th–20th centuries. Some viewpoints of modern progressivism highlight these perceived differences like those of Princeton economics professor
1368:, saying that "initiatives, referendums, and recalls, along with direct primaries and the direct election of US Senators, were the core achievements of 'direct democracy' by the Progressive generation during the first two decades of the twentieth century".
1869:(Amendment 69). Senator Sanders held rallies in Colorado in support of Amendment 69 leading up to the vote. Despite high-profile support, Amendment 69 failed to pass, with just 21.23% of voting Colorado residents voting in favor and 78.77% against.
1090:(teacher's college). The rapid growth in size and complexity the large urban school systems facilitated stabilized employment for women teachers and provided senior teachers greater opportunities to mentor younger teachers. By 1900, most women in
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system. Although considered a partial success by some progressives, many argued that it did not go far enough in achieving healthcare reform as exemplified with the Democrats' failure in achieving a national public option. In recent decades,
1085:
The reformers emphasized professionalization and bureaucratization. The old system whereby ward politicians selected school employees was dropped in the case of teachers and replaced by a merit system requiring a college-level education in a
1142:
anti-prostitution movement shared some of the same perspectives from each of these groups. Jane Addams, one of the most notable of early American social workers, wrote a book addressing prostitution. According to her argument in
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with the sense of brotherhood. ... The idea to establish in each community an institution having a direct and vital relation to the welfare of the neighborhood, ward, or district, and also to the city as a whole.
858:. While the modern progressive movement may be characterized as largely secular in nature, the historical progressive movement was by comparison to a significant extent rooted in and energized by religion.
1956:
socio-economic gaps. Progressives support the promotion of criminal justice reform to rectify systemic injustices, and the eradication of discriminatory practices in areas such as employment and housing.
2215:, 1999), (p.?) 40 also notes that "a plethora of scholarship in the last half of the 1950s left the old consensus in shreds while producing a plethora of alternative views that defy rational synthesis."
1805:
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repelled readers with descriptions of Chicago's meatpacking plants and his work led to support for remedial food safety legislation. Leading intellectuals also shaped the progressive mentality. In
1749:
historical progressivism and the modern movement share the notion that the free markets lead to economic inequalities that must be ameliorated in order to best protect the American working class.
1246:
in 1919. The golden day did not dawn as enforcement was lax, especially in the cities where the law had very limited popular support and where notorious criminal gangs such as the Chicago gang of
1422:
in Cleveland, Ohio. In 1901, Johnson won election as mayor of Cleveland on a platform of just taxation, home rule for Ohio cities and a 3-cent streetcar fare. Columbia University President
1302:
When examining the Progressives on race, it is critical to distinguish the views that they inherited from those that they developed. The rise of Progressivism coincided with the death of
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and Vincent P. De Santis argue that the majority of progressives wanted to purify politics. For some Progressives, purification meant taking the vote away from blacks in the South.
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1062:"object teaching", meeting the needs of particular constituencies within the school district, equal educational opportunity for boys and girls and avoiding corporal punishment.
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was appointed by Roosevelt on March 14, 1907, to study the river systems of the United States, including the development of water power, flood control and land reclamation.
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1817:, which regulated banking more strictly, and for breaking up financial institutions where market-share is concentrated in a select few 'too big to fail' corporations.
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962:. During their presidencies, the otherwise-conservative Taft brought down 90 trusts in four years while Roosevelt took down 44 in seven and a half years in office.
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and other drivers have caused the gap in income. The rise of income inequality has led progressives to draft legislation including, but not limited to, reforming
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1996:
referred to herself as a "progressive who likes to get things done", drawing the ire of a number of Sanders supporters and other critics from her left. Senator
1539:
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827:
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Rigby, E.; Clark, J. H.; Pelika, S. (1 January 2014). "Party Politics and Enactment of 'Obamacare': A Policy-Centered Analysis of Minority Party Involvement".
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Progressives set up training programs to ensure that welfare and charity work would be undertaken by trained professionals rather than warm-hearted amateurs.
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opposed eugenics on the grounds of his anti-evolution activism. In a paper titled "The Progressives: Racism and Public Law", American legal scholar
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1384:
the fight for reform". In Virginia, "the drive for disfranchisement had been initiated by men who saw themselves as reformers, even progressives".
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3115:
La Follette has ever sought to give the people greater power over their affairs. He has favored and now favors the direct election of senators ...
2839:
2105:
2081:
2071:
2043:
2037:
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compensation, improved child labor laws, minimum wage legislation, a limited workweek, graduated income tax and allowing women the right to vote.
4402:
Jensen, Richard. "Democracy, Republicanism and Efficiency: The Values of American Politics, 1885–1930," in Byron Shafer and Anthony Badger, eds,
2654:
Victoria-MarĂa MacDonald, "The Paradox of Bureaucratization: New Views on Progressive Era Teachers and the Development of a Woman's Profession,"
1616:. These journalists publicized to middle class readers economic privilege, political corruption and social injustice. Their articles appeared in
1486:
On March 14, 1903, President Roosevelt created the first National Bird Preserve, the beginning of the Wildlife Refuge system, on Pelican Island,
1315:
Progressives repeatedly warned that illegal voting was corrupting the political system. They especially identified big-city bosses, working with
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2138:, denounced the party because in their view it was increasingly controlled by Communists. It faded away after winning 2% of the vote in 1948.
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1238:. They saw the saloon as political corruption incarnate and bewailed the damage done to women and children. They believed the consumption of
1155:
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Most progressives hoped that by regulating large corporations they could liberate human energies from the restrictions imposed by industrial
885:
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2135:
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Philip J. Ethington, "The Metropolis and Multicultural Ethics: Direct Democracy versus Deliberative Democracy in the Progressive Era," in
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1355:'s Board of Education, hoped to make government in the United States more responsive to the direct voice of the American people, arguing:
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Progressives began to demand stronger Wall Street regulation after they perceived deregulation and relaxed enforcement as leading to the
923:
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134:
2028:
Following the first progressive movement of the early 20th century, two later short-lived parties have also identified as progressive.
1168:
Child labor laws were designed to prevent the overuse of children in the newly emerging industries. The goal of these laws was to give
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indicated their classical liberal concern over the danger posed to the individual by the practice of eugenics. Progressive politician
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system in which paid, professional engineers ran the day-to-day affairs of city governments under guidelines established by elected
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1351:" was exported to many states, including Idaho, Washington and Wisconsin. Many progressives such as George M. Forbes, president of
412:
1094:, remained as teachers for at least 17.5 years, indicating teaching had become a significant and desirable career path for women.
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2009:
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limited mankind's potential for advancement. Progressives achieved success first with state laws then with the enactment of the
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While the ultimate significance of the progressive movement on today's politics is still up for debate, Alonzo L. Hamby asks:
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typified the leadership of residential, community centers operated by social workers and volunteers and located in inner city
4013:
2115:
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The progressive movement enlisted support from both major parties and from minor parties as well. One leader, the Democratic
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of 1902 which gave subsidies for irrigation in 13 (eventually 20) Western states. Another conservation-oriented bill was the
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688:
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Johnston, Robert D. "Re-Democratizing the Progressive Era: The Politics of Progressive Era Political Historiography,"
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creating doubts about his progressivism. Questions about the precise meaning of the term have persisted within the
1490:. In all, by 1909, the Roosevelt administration had created an unprecedented 42 million acres (170,000 km) of
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movement, launched in downtown Manhattan, was one high-profile reaction to the financial shenanigans. Passing the
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called it) also cost the federal and local treasuries large sums of taxes. The 18th amendment was repealed by the
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of 1906 that protected large areas of land by allowing the president to declare areas meriting protection to be
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4104:"Hillary Clinton on flip-flop charge: 'I'm a progressive, but I'm a progressive who likes to get things done'"
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in Wisconsin and others worked to clean up state and local governments by passing laws to weaken the power of
352:
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1839:, generally referred to as Obamacare, which was intended to increase the affordability and efficiency of the
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2932:, Cambridge Companions to Philosophy (2 ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 219–245,
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Crusade for the Children: A History of the National Child Labor Committee and Child Labor Reform in America
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Reinventing "the People": The Progressive Movement, the Class Problem and the Origins of Modern Liberalism
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to paper bags, envelopes and salt—as giant money bags looming powerfully over the tiny, weak U.S. Senators
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Progressive economic policies incorporate the socioeconomic principles and views of social democracy and
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3819:"Congressional Progressive Caucus : Health Care Reform : CPC Releases Health Care Principles"
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Western, Bruce; Rosenfeld, Jake (August 2011). "Unions, Norms, and the Rise in U.S. Wage Inequality".
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Gamson, David (2003). "District Progressivism: Rethinking Reform in Urban School Systems, 1900–1928".
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21.72 an hour, nearly three times as much as the current $ 7.25 an hour. Popular progressives such as
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3515:"'The Dark Heart of Progressivism' by Matthew Harwood (Interview with Princeton economics professor)"
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argued that the average citizen should have more control over his government. The Oregon System of "
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made a crime spree based on illegal sales of liquor in speakeasies. The "experiment" (as President
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4446:"Progressivism and Imperialism: The Progressive Movement and American Foreign Policy, 1898–1916,"
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Quoted in Sidney M. Milkis and Jerome M. Mileur, "Progressivism and the New Democracy," (Amherst:
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Quoted in Sidney M. Milkis and Jerome M. Mileur, "Progressivism and the New Democracy," (Amherst:
2736:"Criminalizing seduction: prostitution, moral reform, and the new york anti-seduction law of 1848"
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Franklin, J. (1 March 1999). "Blacks and the Progressive Movement: Emergence of a New Synthesis".
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Uncertain victory: social democracy and progressivism in European and American thought, 1870–1920
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Judith Ann Trolander, "Hull-House and the Settlement House Movement: A Centennial Reassessment,"
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A poster highlighting the situation of child labor in the United States in the early 20th century
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2020:, with some candidates using it to indicate their affiliation with the left flank of the party.
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and reform movement. Into the 21st century, it advocates policies that are generally considered
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Newsweek staff. (20 December 2023). "John Fetterman Faces Rebellion From Democratic Voters".
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David Gamson examines the implementation of progressive reforms in three city school districts—
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ed. Sidney M. Milkis and Jerome M. Mileur (Amherst: Massachusetts University Press, 1999), 193
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3174:. (University of North Carolina Press, 2001), pp. 63, 85, 177, 186–87; quotes on pp. 223, 298
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1765:(pictured at podium) is widely recognized for contributing to a progressive shift within the
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The foundation of the progressive tendency was indirectly linked to the unique philosophy of
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Pure and Simple Politics: The American Federation of Labor and Political Activism, 1881–1917
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2584:"Common School or 'One Best System'? Tracking School Reform in Fort Wayne, Indiana, 1853-75"
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has moderated his foreign and domestic positions that have arisen in late 2023 such as the
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would enable parents to focus their resources on fewer, better children while others, like
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markets left to operate with limited government regulation are inherently unfair, favoring
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4664:
4640:
4623:
4606:
4589:
4572:
4528:
4511:
4475:
4458:
4374:
4343:
4326:
4309:
4292:
3797:
2843:
2374:
1993:
1989:
1950:
1704:
1657:
1515:
1473:
1332:
1287:
1275:
1078:
988:
873:
867:
823:
811:
502:
245:
223:
139:
119:
91:
71:
17:
4897:
4158:"Transforming American Democracy: TR and The Bull Moose Campaign of 1912 | Miller Center"
3725:
Pollin, Robert (May 2013). "Fighting for Wall Street Regulation: Who Said It Was Easy?".
1776:
has been on the rise since 1970. Progressives argue that lower union rates, weak policy,
4802:
4565:
4518:
A Fierce Discontent: The Rise and Fall of the Progressive Movement in America, 1870–1920
4487:
1612:. Equally significant to progressive-era reform were the crusading journalists known as
5537:
5532:
5477:
5472:
5412:
5407:
5342:
5291:
5266:
5196:
5151:
5027:
4992:
4753:
4480:
4268:
3348:"Conservation Commissions and Conferences under the Roosevelt Administration 1901–1909"
3196:
Joseph L. Tropea, "Rational Capitalism and Municipal Government: The Progressive Era."
2570:
Power and the Promise of School Reform: Grassroots Movements during the Progressive Era
2392:
2282:
2096:, and the party vanished elsewhere. In Wisconsin, it remained a force until the 1940s.
1997:
1969:
1946:
1918:
1886:
1857:
1814:
1810:
1762:
1686:
1587:
1568:
1419:
1251:
1239:
1235:
1215:
1199:
979:
890:
847:
779:
507:
487:
477:
367:
347:
228:
66:
4822:
4731:
Edwards, Barry C. "Putting Hoover on the Map: Was the 31st President a Progressive?."
4404:
Contesting Democracy: Substance and Structure in American Political History, 1775–2000
4299:
Ministers of Reform: The Progressives' Achievement in American Civilization, 1889–1920
2118:. He saw the two parties as reactionary and war-mongering, and attracted support from
5623:
5246:
5216:
5181:
5032:
5017:
4976:
4700:
4414:
3746:
3688:
3624:
3351:
2893:
2632:
2389:
Monopolies in America: Empire builders and their enemies from Jay Gould to Bill Gates
1777:
1699:
1669:
1609:
1283:
1271:
1169:
1087:
991:
called for a strong central government guided by experts rather than public opinion.
959:
755:
727:
447:
402:
362:
357:
262:
42:
4654:
The Age of Charisma: Leaders, Followers, and Emotions in American Society, 1870-1940
3582:
1697:
laid out the philosophical foundations of the progressive movement and attacked the
5487:
5482:
5452:
5397:
5382:
5362:
5352:
5347:
5281:
5256:
5236:
5221:
5156:
5141:
4964:
4143:
Rachel Dobkin. (22 December 2023). "John Fetterman Now Embraced by Conservatives".
2559:
Ravitch, Diane; Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms; Simon & Schuster
2085:
2013:
1866:
1499:
1223:
1111:
1107:
1027:
1003:
999:
995:
851:
803:
799:
767:
417:
337:
332:
5604:
4852:
4021:
3382:
Four hats in the ring: the 1912 election and the birth of modern American Politics
2937:
2596:
2583:
1567:
committed to business-oriented and efficiency-oriented progressivism, typified by
1006:
of Illinois showed a "passion for efficiency" as he streamlined state government.
659:
4726:
4596:
Social Class, Social Action, and Education: The Failure of Progressive Democracy.
3696:
2986:
2492:
2465:
5467:
5427:
5372:
5367:
5327:
5311:
5276:
5146:
1781:
1627:
1583:
1407:
1118:
1050:
881:
644:
535:
342:
81:
4208:
Henry Wallace's 1948 Presidential Campaign and the Future of Postwar Liberalism
2899:. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: The University of North Carolina Press. p.
2876:
2859:
2669:
Settlement Folk: Social Thought and the American Settlement Movement, 1885–1930
5447:
5432:
5306:
5261:
5176:
4891:
1722:
1681:
1605:
1601:
1592:
1122:
1046:
935:
877:
795:
622:
467:
56:
4811:. (2001), very well written biography of Theodore Roosevelt covers 1901–1909
4191:
3860:
3738:
3574:
3237:
The politics of efficiency: municipal reform in the Progressive Era 1880–1920
2351:
1270:
as a solution to excessively large or under-performing families, hoping that
1014:
Corruption represented a source of waste and inefficiency in the government.
5332:
3224:
Progressive cities: the commission government movement in America, 1901–1920
2119:
2093:
2089:
1992:
regarding her willingness to shift positions during an October 2015 debate,
1613:
1453:
1247:
1133:
of urbanites by providing adult education and cultural enrichment programs.
751:
186:
96:
4085:
3868:
3680:
2624:
4866:
3662:"The Role of Taxes in Mitigating Income Inequality Across the U.S. States"
3660:
Cooper, Daniel H.; Lutz, Byron F.; Palumbo, Michael G. (1 December 2015).
2988:
The Right to Vote: The Contested History of Democracy in the United States
1444:(1901–1909) and influenced by the ideas of philosopher-scientists such as
4535:
The Era of Theodore Roosevelt and the Birth of Modern America, 1900–1912.
4407:
4108:
3924:"Bernie Sanders at CU Boulder: 'Stand tall and vote yes on Amendment 69'"
2747:
2131:
2123:
1917:
from New York, an advocate of action on climate change and author of the
1423:
1267:
1174:
943:
565:
482:
201:
4657:
4616:
4521:
4319:
4043:"California "Fair Wage Act of 2016" $ 15 Minimum Wage Initiative (2016)"
3250:
Better city government: innovation in American urban politics, 1850–1937
2407:"Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft: Marching Toward Armageddon"
2359:
1406:
get rid of the entire saloon system through prohibition. Others such as
987:(1914) stressing the "scientific spirit" and "discipline of democracy",
5387:
4832:
4812:
4785:
4765:
4633:
4548:
4504:
4468:
4451:
4367:
4336:
4302:
4285:
3616:
3327:"Ross, John R.; Man Over Nature – Origins of the Conservation Movement"
1487:
807:
309:
76:
2735:
2207:
Alonzo L. Hamby, "Progressivism: A Century of Change and Rebirth", in
4877:"The Fifty Most Influential Progressives of the Twentieth Century" —
4628:
Thelen, David P. "Social Tensions and the Origins of Progressivism,"
810:. Specific economic policies that are considered progressive include
540:
4851:; 904pp; full scale scholarly biography; winner of Pulitzer Prize;
4829:
Roots of Reform: Farmers, Workers and the American State, 1877–1917
1596:
exposed Americans to the horrors of the Chicago meatpacking plants.
1234:
Most progressives, especially in rural areas, adopted the cause of
4723:
The Warrior and the Priest: Woodrow Wilson and Theodore Roosevelt.
1908:
1897:
many continue to rally for a minimum wage increase as part of the
1756:
1582:
1370:
1159:
1101:
1026:
and political bosses. In Wisconsin, La Follette pushed through an
872:
Historians debate the exact contours, but they generally date the
754:
in nature, it arose as a response to the vast changes brought by
4543:
Noggle, Burl. "The Twenties: A New Historiographical Frontier,"
4282:
The Tyranny of Change: America in the Progressive Era, 1890–1920
2924:
Paul, Diane B. (2009), Radick, Gregory; Hodge, Jonathan (eds.),
2300:
right to vote, and laid the groundwork for Roosevelt's New Deal.
1721:
attacked the "conspicuous consumption" of the wealthy. Educator
1126:
1031:
after which they detoured into a disastrous third party status.
4901:
4316:
Changing the World: American Progressives in War and Revolution
2860:"Retrospectives: Eugenics and Economics in the Progressive Era"
2820:
Deliver Us from Evil: An Interpretation of American Prohibition
1426:
was elected mayor of New York City in 1901 on a reform ticket.
897:
Large corporations and monopolies: trust busting vs. regulation
4465:
Rebirth of a Nation: The Remaking of Modern America, 1877-1920
4350:
America Reformed: Progressives and Progressivisms, 1890s–1920s
3540:"Trends and Sources of Income Inequality in the United States"
3172:
Struggle for Mastery: Disfranchisement in the South, 1888–1908
1985:
1980:
began to carry greater cultural currency, particularly in the
4599:
4252:. Sharpe Reference, 2005. xxxii + 1256 pp. in three volumes.
3598:"Why is Income Inequality Increasing in the Developed World?"
2110:
A third party was initiated in 1948 by former Vice President
1082:
diverse reforms that had been shown to work in other cities.
3040:
The Progressive Era and Race: Reaction and Reform, 1900–1917
1725:
emphasized a child-centered philosophy of pedagogy known as
3055:
Pursuit of Unity: A Political History of the American South
2054:. It was formed after Roosevelt lost his bid to become the
782:
and have the goal of improving the human condition through
4241:
Buenker, John D., John C. Burnham, and Robert M. Crunden.
1667:
drew harsh portraits of a type of ruthless businessman in
4682:(1954). Series of essays that examine how TR did politics
4555:
The Gilded Age & Progressive Era: A Student Companion
4060:
3643:"Conservatism and the Real Problems of Income Inequality"
3312:
L. E. Fredman, "Seth Low: Theorist of Municipal Reform,"
1652:
criticized race relations. Other muckrakers assailed the
1622:
and other reform periodicals. Some muckrakers focused on
4762:
Congress, Progressive Reform, and the New American State
4579:
Atlantic Crossings: Social Politics in a Progressive Age
1440:
During the term of the progressive Republican President
1256:
Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution
1129:. The purpose of the settlement houses was to raise the
4553:
Perry, Elisabeth Israels and Karen Manners Smith, eds.
1656:, railroad companies, insurance companies and fraud in
4333:
A Very Different Age: Americans of the Progressive Era
4273:
Cocks, Catherine, Peter C. Holloran and Alan Lessoff.
3276:
Reform in Detroit: Hazen S. Pingree and Urban Politics
1244:
Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
1218:, improved safety and health conditions in factories,
994:
One example of progressive reform was the rise of the
1282:
of those deemed "unfit". Progressive leaders such as
1214:
and his third party also supported such goals as the
4211:. U North Carolina Press. pp. 195–201, 211–12.
2895:
The Reconstruction of American Liberalism, 1865–1914
2225:"The Origins and Evolution of Progressive Economics"
2126:
policies that had become a national consensus. Most
2006:
increased illegal immigration on the southern border
1964:
With the rise in popularity of progressives such as
5551:
5320:
5134:
5041:
4985:
4937:
3882:Hill, Brent Budowsky, columnist, The (2015-06-29).
3761:"5 Reasons Glass-Steagall Matters – Bernie Sanders"
3501:
Encyclopedia of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era.
2807:
Prohibition and the Progressive Movement, 1900–1920
2696:
The Response to Prostitution in the Progressive Era
742:. It reached its height early in the 20th century.
4501:The True and Only Heaven: Progress and its Critics
4250:Encyclopedia of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era
3263:Encyclopedia of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era
2328:. p. 171. "rogressives strove to purify politics".
1729:which affected schoolrooms for three generations.
4799:Woodrow Wilson and the Progressive Era, 1910–1917
4784:(1948), ch. 8–10 on Bryan, Roosevelt and Wilson.
4484:Woodrow Wilson and the Progressive Era: 1913–1917
3596:Roser, Max; Cuaresma, Jesus Crespo (March 2016).
2853:
2851:
2645:The politicians still picked the school janitors.
2452:The Americans: Reconstruction to the 21st Century
2313:Woodrow Wilson and the Progressive Era: 1913–1917
1194:, but he only carried his base in Wisconsin. The
778:. These views are often rooted in the concept of
4547:Vol. 53, No. 2. (Sep., 1966), pp. 299–314.
4450:Vol. 39, No. 3. (Dec., 1952), pp. 483–504.
3350:. Theodore Roosevelt Association. Archived from
4819:Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive Movement
2512:. Washington, D.C.: CQ Press. pp. 189–90.
2494:Lowden of Illinois: the life of Frank O. Lowden
1788:, closing loopholes and keeping domestic work.
1498:and 18 areas of "special interest" such as the
4399:(1954), Pulitzer Prize, but now sadly outdated
4184:Robert M. La Follette and the Insurgent Spirit
3538:Kim, Jongsung; Tebaldi, Edinaldo (Fall 2013).
2536:The Pacific Northwest: An Interpretive History
2239:"Social Progressivism and Religion in America"
1534:In the early 20th century, politicians of the
1364:Philip J. Ethington seconds this high view of
1278:advocated it. Progressives also advocated for
4913:
4421:Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era
3058:. Univ of North Carolina Press. p. 174.
2211:, ed. Sidney M. Milkis and Jerome M. Mileur (
696:
8:
4821:. (2001) standard history of 1912 movement;
4275:Historical Dictionary of the Progressive Era
4265:Historical Dictionary of the Progressive Era
3908:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3209:Michael H. Ebner and Eugene M. Tobin, eds.,
3082:Ralph Bunche: Model Negro Or American Other?
3015:Historical Dictionary of the Progressive Era
2243:Social Progressivism and Religion in America
1644:dissected corruption in city government. In
1562:, had won both the Democratic Party and the
1206:, who promised more favorable judges as the
758:, such as the growth of large corporations,
4406:(U of Kansas Press, 2001) pp. 149–80;
3884:"Sanders calls for single-payer healthcare"
2972:Penn Carey Law:Legal Scholarship Repository
2833:Last Call: The Rise and Fall of Prohibition
1663:Novelists criticized corporate injustices.
4920:
4906:
4898:
4564:(2006). 240 pp. biographies of 12 leaders
4248:Buenker, John D. and Joseph Buenker, eds.
4002:. Center for Economic and Policy Research.
3849:Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law
3544:Journal of Business & Economic Studies
2698:. The University of South Carolina Press.
2497:. U. of Chicago Press. pp. 305 vol 1.
2467:Rhetoric and reform in the Progressive Era
2391:(Oxford University Press, 2000) pp 47-91;
1837:Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
1436:Environmental history of the United States
1375:Women marching for the right to vote, 1912
703:
689:
29:
4448:The Mississippi Valley Historical Review,
4364:America in the Progressive Era, 1890–1914
2968:"The Progressives: Racism and Public Law"
2875:
2595:
2276:
2274:
1041:History of education in the United States
4649:(1967) highly influential interpretation
4390:(1957), old but influential short survey
4388:The Response to Industrialism, 1885–1914
3790:"Reforming Wall Street – Bernie Sanders"
3513:Thomas C., Leonard (29 September 2016).
3158:The Ideas of the Woman Suffrage Movement
2991:. Basic Books, 2nd ed. pp. 103–30.
2454:(Evanston: McDougall Littell, 2006), 308
2326:The Shaping of Modern America, 1877–1920
2284:Progressivism: A Very Short Introduction
2247:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion
2018:2016 United States presidential election
1181:Support for the goals of organized labor
900:
27:Political philosophy and reform movement
3488:Lester Frank Ward and the Welfare State
3466:. Pennsylvania State University Press.
2926:"Darwin, social Darwinism and eugenics"
2582:Murphey, Kathleen A. (1 October 1999).
2470:. Michigan State U. Press. p. xv.
2200:
2106:Progressive Party (United States, 1948)
2084:ticket. La Follette won the support of
2072:Progressive Party (United States, 1924)
2038:Progressive Party (United States, 1912)
1742:who viewed historical progressivism in
41:
5640:Political history of the United States
4930:Modern liberalism in the United States
3901:
3641:Garry, Patrick M. (17 February 2016).
2539:. U of Nebraska Press. pp. 347–.
2414:Antitrust, Vol. 25, No. 2, Spring 2011
2255:10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.462
1827:Healthcare reform in the United States
1774:Income inequality in the United States
5635:History of the United States by topic
4709:The Presidency of William Howard Taft
3636:
3634:
3396:Herbert Hoover: Forgotten Progressive
3012:Catherine Cocks; et al. (2009).
1856:, progressive presidential candidate
1414:. Early municipal reformers included
1156:Child labor laws in the United States
942:prohibits anti-competitive behavior (
886:Great Depression in the United States
7:
5645:Progressive Era in the United States
4750:The Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt
3943:Williams, Wayne (November 8, 2016).
3141:Progressivism and the New Democracy,
2721:A new conscience and an ancient evil
2136:Congress of Industrial Organizations
2042:The first political party named the
1784:, reforming the tax code, reforming
1510:In addition, Roosevelt approved the
1418:(mayor of Detroit in the 1890s) and
1144:A New Conscience and an Ancient Evil
730:. It has also expressed itself with
4847:Woodrow Wilson, Volume I, Volume II
4725:(1983), influential dual biography
4581:(2000). stresses links with Europe
4486:(1954), standard scholarly survey;
2287:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2209:Progressivism and the New Democracy
1468:National parks and wildlife refuges
1045:Early progressive thinkers such as
914:depicting corporate interests—from
876:in response to the excesses of the
5630:Progressivism in the United States
4872:Progressivism in the United States
4428:Progressivism: The Critical Issues
3997:"The Minimum Wage is Too Damn Low"
2491:William Thomas Hutchinson (1957).
2114:as a vehicle for his campaign for
2012:and without since the election of
1984:. While answering a question from
1349:Initiative, Referendum, and Recall
716:Progressivism in the United States
25:
3647:Intercollegiate Studies Institute
3421:John Dewey and American Democracy
3292:. Wright State University Press.
3185:University of Massachusetts Press
3128:University of Massachusetts Press
2930:The Cambridge Companion to Darwin
2213:University of Massachusetts Press
1604:which was primarily developed by
1478:National Park Service Organic Act
1106:United States federal government
5603:
4865:
4782:The American Political Tradition
4697:The Presidency of Woodrow Wilson
4545:The Journal of American History,
3971:"5 facts about the minimum wage"
3419:Westbrook, Robert Brett (1991).
3113:, Wisconsin Historical Society,
3018:. Scarecrow Press. p. 112.
2864:Journal of Economic Perspectives
2781:Child Labor: An American History
2092:by his crusade. He carried only
1848:has become an important goal in
1833:Congressional Progressive Caucus
1552:Progressive ("Bull Moose") Party
1546:Republicans (in California) and
1202:after 1907 began supporting the
766:in American politics. Historian
670:
658:
4647:The Search For Order, 1877–1920
4084:US EPA, OA (November 3, 2014).
3111:La Follette campaign literature
2966:Hovenkamp, Herbert (Nov 2017).
2723:. University of Illinois Press.
2588:Historical Studies in Education
2510:Governing States and Localities
2184:Progressive Citizens of America
1854:2016 Democratic Party primaries
1714:The Theory of the Leisure Class
1210:appointed pro-business judges.
794:. It is based on the idea that
4537:(1954) general survey of era;
4496:(1975), readings from scholars
4260:. 900 articles by 200 scholars
2694:Connelly, Mark Thomas (1980).
2656:History of Education Quarterly
2416:. the American Bar Association
2324:De Santis, Vincent P. (1999).
2116:president of the United States
2062:, and became defunct by 1920.
1813:has argued for reimplementing
1630:exposed the activities of the
1492:United States National Forests
1:
4733:Congress & the Presidency
4280:Chambers, John Whiteclay II.
3085:. NYU Press. pp. 96–98.
2938:10.1017/ccol9780521884754.010
1150:Enactment of child labor laws
822:, a comprehensive package of
4562:American Reformers 1870–1920
3995:Schmitt, John (March 2012).
3767:. 2015-11-16. Archived from
3563:American Sociological Review
3486:Henry Steele Commager, ed.,
3423:. Cornell University Press.
3160:. Columbia University Press.
2533:Carlos A. Schwantes (1996).
2159:Center for American Progress
1877:Adjusted for inflation, the
1753:Mitigating income inequality
1266:Some progressives sponsored
1196:American Federation of Labor
884:in 1917 or the onset of the
5554:and political organizations
4630:Journal of American History
4355:Gilmore, Glenda Elizabeth.
4182:Thelen, David Paul (1976).
4147:Retrieved 23 December 2023.
4134:Retrieved 23 December 2023.
3951:. Colorado State Department
3945:"Colorado Election Results"
3605:Review of Income and Wealth
3314:Journal of American Studies
3288:Murdock, Eugene C. (1994).
3107:"4. Shall the People Rule?"
2597:10.32316/hse/rhe.v11i2.1623
2076:In 1924, Wisconsin Senator
1925:the harms of pollution and
1524:Inland Waterways Commission
1329:disenfranchise black voters
940:United States antitrust law
5661:
4801:(1972), standard history;
4383:(1974), essays by scholars
4357:Who Were the Progressives?
3499:Buenker and Buenker, eds.
3394:Hoff Wilson, Joan (1975).
3371:Buenker and Burnham (2006)
2985:Alexander Keyssar (2009).
2877:10.1257/089533005775196642
2145:
2103:
2069:
2048:1912 presidential election
2035:
1936:
1824:
1798:2007–2008 financial crisis
1471:
1433:
1153:
1038:
978:Many progressives such as
865:
18:Contemporary progressivism
5601:
5588:American Solidarity Party
5272:Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.
4845:Walworth, Arthur (1958).
4680:The Republican Roosevelt.
4423:(2002) 1#1 pp. 68–92
4205:Thomas W. Devine (2013).
4145:Newsweek Magazine website
4132:Newsweek Magazine website
3519:The American Conservative
3079:Charles P. Henry (1999).
2464:J. Michael Hogan (2003).
2189:Vermont Progressive Party
2080:ran for president on the
1982:2016 Democratic primaries
1927:environmental degradation
1852:for progressives. In the
1745:The American Conservative
1496:National Wildlife Refuges
948:unfair business practices
880:from the 1890s to either
850:, legislation protecting
790:, and the maintenance of
5552:Major political parties
4444:Leuchtenburg, William E.
3861:10.1215/03616878-2395181
3739:10.1177/1095796013482455
3575:10.1177/0003122411414817
3451:. Yale University Press.
3290:Tom Johnson of Cleveland
3211:The Age of Urban Reform,
2858:Thomas, Leonard (2005).
2682:Journal of Urban History
2508:Smith, Kevin B. (2011).
2436:The Progressive Movement
2434:Benjamin Parke De Witt,
2311:Link, Arthur S. (1954).
2179:Oregon Progressive Party
2174:Lincoln–Roosevelt League
2088:, German Americans, and
1966:Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez
1915:Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez
1894:Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez
1841:United States healthcare
1646:Following the Color Line
1544:Lincoln–Roosevelt League
1512:Newlands Reclamation Act
1482:National Wildlife Refuge
1397:Municipal administration
1379:Progressives fought for
1311:Purifying the electorate
1280:compulsory sterilization
1092:Providence, Rhode Island
907:The Bosses of the Senate
832:involuntary unemployment
740:progressive conservatism
5582:Rockefeller Republicans
5493:Adam Clayton Powell Jr.
5321:Significant politicians
4833:excerpt and text search
4813:excerpt and text search
4786:excerpt and text search
4766:excerpt and text search
4687:T.R.: The Last Romantic
4658:excerpt and text search
4617:excerpt and text search
4522:excerpt and text search
4505:excerpt and text search
4469:excerpt and text search
4426:Kennedy, David M. ed.,
4368:excerpt and text search
4337:excerpt and text search
4320:excerpt and text search
4303:excerpt and text search
4286:excerpt and text search
4086:"Environmental Justice"
3052:Michael Perman (2010).
2837:excerpt and text search
2340:OAH Magazine of History
2281:Nugent, Walter (2010).
2122:voters who opposed the
2100:Progressive Party, 1948
2066:Progressive Party, 1924
2032:Progressive Party, 1912
1862:single-payer healthcare
1846:single-payer healthcare
1637:The Shame of the Cities
1339:, progressives such as
1010:Governmental corruption
776:political progressivism
295:Sustainable development
219:Progressive nationalism
5592:economic progressivism
5443:Fiorello H. La Guardia
5338:William Jennings Bryan
5302:William Monroe Trotter
5232:Martin Luther King Jr.
5187:John Kenneth Galbraith
5003:Economic progressivism
4797:Link, Arthur Stanley.
4735:41#1 (2014) pp 49–83
4695:Clements, Kendrick A.
4463:Lears, T. J. Jackson.
4439:online at ACLS e-books
4433:Kloppenberg, James T.
4263:Buenker, John D., ed.
3823:cpc-grijalva.house.gov
3681:10.17310/ntj.2015.4.03
3462:Filler, Louis (1976).
3445:Commager, Henry Steele
3198:Social Science History
2625:10.1080/00309230307479
2352:10.1093/maghis/13.3.20
1921:
1860:raised the issue of a
1770:
1703:policies advocated by
1597:
1560:William Jennings Bryan
1394:
1376:
1362:
1308:
1292:William Jennings Bryan
1165:
1114:
931:
820:inequalities of wealth
589:Economic progressivism
273:Ecological engineering
234:Social justice warrior
197:Philosophy of progress
192:Philosophical progress
5508:Franklin D. Roosevelt
5438:Robert M. La Follette
5162:Henry Steele Commager
5059:Civil rights movement
4970:Social market economy
4611:Stromquist, Shelton.
4379:Gould, Lewis L. ed.,
4245:(1986) short overview
3261:John D. Buenker, ed.
3222:Bradley Robert Rice,
2891:Cohen, Nancy (2002).
2805:James H. Timberlake,
2719:Addams, Jane (2002).
2613:Paedagogica Historica
2134:, and especially the
2078:Robert M. La Follette
1912:
1905:Environmental justice
1760:
1727:progressive education
1709:William Graham Sumner
1586:
1472:Further information:
1389:
1374:
1357:
1341:Robert M. La Follette
1300:
1298:(MA, PhD, JD) wrote:
1220:workers' compensation
1188:Robert M. La Follette
1163:
1105:
1020:Robert M. La Follette
950:. Presidents such as
904:
828:universal health care
816:income redistribution
784:government regulation
677:Philosophy portal
665:Liberalism portal
611:Libertarian socialism
285:Scientific management
207:Progressive education
5064:Classical liberalism
4874:at Wikimedia Commons
4827:Sanders, Elizabeth.
4577:Rodgers, Daniel T.
4499:Lasch, Christopher.
3669:National Tax Journal
2766:Walter I. Trattner,
2734:Major, Kara (2004).
2438:(1915) pp. 129–132.
2164:Democratic socialism
2142:Farmer–Labor Parties
1939:LGBT rights movement
1913:U.S. representative
1632:Standard Oil Company
1446:George Perkins Marsh
1410:in Chicago promoted
1056:standardized testing
854:, and the rights of
720:political philosophy
628:Classical radicalism
594:Democratic socialism
463:Roosevelt (Theodore)
458:Roosevelt (Franklin)
305:Techno-progressivism
300:Technological change
130:Economic development
87:New Culture Movement
62:Age of Enlightenment
5566:Progressive Party (
5192:Ruth Bader Ginsburg
5135:Significant figures
5089:Liberal Republicans
4960:Christian democracy
4853:online 2nd ed. 1965
4778:Hofstadter, Richard
4720:Cooper, John Milton
4632:56 (1969), 323–341
4494:The Progressive Era
4492:Mann, Arthur. ed.,
4394:Hofstadter, Richard
4381:The Progressive Era
4348:Flanagan, Maureen.
4297:Crunden, Robert M.
3975:Pew Research Center
3235:Martin J. Schiesl,
3154:Kraditor, Aileen S.
3038:David W. Southern,
2387:Charles R. Geisst,
2237:Trodd, Zoe (2017).
2060:William Howard Taft
2046:was formed for the
2024:Progressive parties
1733:In the 21st century
1573:William Howard Taft
1345:William Simon U'Ren
1216:eight-hour work day
1110:era poster against
1075:Oakland, California
1071:Seattle, Washington
1024:machine politicians
1016:William Simon U'Ren
956:William Howard Taft
732:right-wing politics
606:Left-libertarianism
413:Kirchner (Cristina)
258:Scientific progress
241:Social organization
177:Liberation theology
157:Freedom of movement
125:Cultural liberalism
5513:Theodore Roosevelt
5498:Nelson Rockefeller
5227:Coretta Scott King
5207:Richard Hofstadter
5167:William O. Douglas
4849:. Longmans, Green.
4838:2022-12-29 at the
4791:2021-11-12 at the
4771:2022-12-29 at the
4760:Harrison, Robert.
4742:2018-05-07 at the
4678:Blum, John Morton
4672:National politics
4663:2021-07-11 at the
4639:2016-12-21 at the
4622:2022-12-29 at the
4605:2010-06-09 at the
4588:2015-05-02 at the
4571:2022-12-29 at the
4527:2021-07-11 at the
4510:2022-07-12 at the
4474:2021-07-11 at the
4457:2017-11-13 at the
4373:2022-12-29 at the
4342:2022-12-29 at the
4325:2021-07-11 at the
4308:2022-12-29 at the
4291:2022-12-29 at the
3617:10.1111/roiw.12153
2842:2019-04-13 at the
2740:Digital Georgetown
2684:1991 17(4): 410–20
2658:1999 39(4): 427–53
2568:William J. Reese,
2405:Kolasky, William.
2169:Left-wing populism
2148:Farmer–Labor Party
2052:Theodore Roosevelt
1922:
1821:Health care reform
1802:Occupy Wall Street
1792:Wall Street reform
1771:
1685:(1906), socialist
1650:Ray Stannard Baker
1619:McClure's Magazine
1598:
1548:Theodore Roosevelt
1520:national monuments
1458:John Wesley Powell
1450:William John McGee
1442:Theodore Roosevelt
1377:
1212:Theodore Roosevelt
1166:
1131:standard of living
1115:
952:Theodore Roosevelt
932:
818:aimed at reducing
788:social protections
618:Left-wing populism
453:RodrĂguez Zapatero
280:Self-determination
268:Sustainable design
147:Empirical evidence
5617:
5616:
5610:Liberalism portal
5563:(since the 1930s)
5503:Eleanor Roosevelt
5423:Robert F. Kennedy
5403:Lyndon B. Johnson
5252:Thurgood Marshall
5084:Liberal coalition
4998:Equal opportunity
4950:Social liberalism
4870:Media related to
4817:Mowry, George E.
4652:Young, Jeremy C.
4516:McGerr, Michael.
4397:The Age of Reform
4331:Diner, Steven J.
4284:(2000), textbook
4186:. Little, Brown.
4112:. 13 October 2015
3449:The American Mind
3398:. Little, Brown.
3329:. Journals.ku.edu
3274:Melvin G. Holli,
2947:978-0-521-88475-4
2818:Norman H. Clark,
2779:Hugh D. Hindman,
2705:978-0-8078-1424-6
2519:978-1-60426-728-0
2477:978-0-87013-637-5
2378:(23 January 1889)
2294:978-0-19-531106-8
2082:Progressive Party
2044:Progressive Party
1943:Identity politics
1850:healthcare reform
1740:Thomas C. Leonard
1695:Lester Frank Ward
1691:Dynamic Sociology
1530:National politics
1462:Lester Frank Ward
1412:settlement houses
1304:scientific racism
1296:Herbert Hovenkamp
1192:Progressive Party
1137:Anti-prostitution
985:Drift and Mastery
812:progressive taxes
724:social democratic
713:
712:
633:Social liberalism
408:Kirchner (NĂ©stor)
290:Scientific method
251:List of countries
172:Industrialisation
162:Human enhancement
16:(Redirected from
5652:
5611:
5607:
5561:Democratic Party
5543:Ralph Yarborough
5528:Elizabeth Warren
5523:Henry A. Wallace
5212:Patricia Ireland
5202:Fannie Lou Hamer
5172:W. E. B. Du Bois
5013:Internationalism
5008:Environmentalism
4955:Social democracy
4931:
4922:
4915:
4908:
4899:
4889:, slideshows by
4869:
4850:
4748:Gould, Lewis L.
4707:Coletta, Paolo.
4430:(1971), readings
4386:Hays, Samuel P.
4362:Gould, Lewis L.
4223:
4222:
4202:
4196:
4195:
4179:
4173:
4172:
4170:
4169:
4162:millercenter.org
4154:
4148:
4141:
4135:
4128:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4117:
4100:
4094:
4093:
4081:
4075:
4074:
4072:
4071:
4061:"Fight for $ 15"
4057:
4051:
4050:
4039:
4033:
4032:
4030:
4029:
4020:. Archived from
4010:
4004:
4003:
4001:
3992:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3967:
3961:
3960:
3958:
3956:
3940:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3930:
3920:
3914:
3913:
3907:
3899:
3897:
3896:
3879:
3873:
3872:
3844:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3834:
3825:. Archived from
3815:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3796:. Archived from
3786:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3776:
3757:
3751:
3750:
3722:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3711:
3706:on 28 April 2019
3705:
3699:. Archived from
3666:
3657:
3651:
3650:
3638:
3629:
3628:
3602:
3593:
3587:
3586:
3558:
3552:
3551:
3535:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3510:
3504:
3497:
3491:
3484:
3478:
3477:
3459:
3453:
3452:
3441:
3435:
3434:
3416:
3410:
3409:
3391:
3385:
3378:
3372:
3369:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3359:
3344:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3334:
3323:
3317:
3316:1972 6(1): 19–39
3310:
3304:
3303:
3285:
3279:
3272:
3266:
3259:
3253:
3246:
3240:
3233:
3227:
3220:
3214:
3207:
3201:
3194:
3188:
3181:
3175:
3168:
3162:
3161:
3150:
3144:
3137:
3131:
3124:
3118:
3117:
3103:
3097:
3096:
3076:
3070:
3069:
3049:
3043:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3009:
3003:
3002:
2982:
2976:
2975:
2963:
2957:
2956:
2955:
2954:
2921:
2915:
2914:
2898:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2855:
2846:
2829:
2823:
2816:
2810:
2803:
2797:
2790:
2784:
2777:
2771:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2731:
2725:
2724:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2691:
2685:
2678:
2672:
2665:
2659:
2652:
2646:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2579:
2573:
2566:
2560:
2557:
2551:
2550:
2530:
2524:
2523:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2461:
2455:
2449:
2443:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2411:
2402:
2396:
2385:
2379:
2370:
2364:
2363:
2335:
2329:
2322:
2316:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2278:
2269:
2268:
2234:
2228:
2222:
2216:
2205:
2112:Henry A. Wallace
2010:Democratic Party
1974:Elizabeth Warren
1786:campaign finance
1769:since the 2010s.
1767:Democratic Party
1719:Thorstein Veblen
1665:Theodore Dreiser
1642:Lincoln Steffens
1624:corporate abuses
1416:Hazen S. Pingree
1381:women's suffrage
1366:direct democracy
1327:used devices to
1226:laws for women.
1067:Denver, Colorado
836:public education
726:and part of the
705:
698:
691:
675:
674:
673:
663:
662:
638:In United States
599:Social democracy
315:Women's suffrage
212:In Latin America
167:Idea of Progress
152:Direct democracy
30:
21:
5660:
5659:
5655:
5654:
5653:
5651:
5650:
5649:
5620:
5619:
5618:
5613:
5609:
5597:
5553:
5547:
5518:Harry S. Truman
5463:George McGovern
5458:Eugene McCarthy
5418:John F. Kennedy
5393:Hubert Humphrey
5378:Michael Dukakis
5358:Hillary Clinton
5316:
5297:Lionel Trilling
5287:Sonia Sotomayor
5130:
5121:Progressive Era
5094:Neoconservatism
5054:1960s and 1970s
5037:
5023:Social equality
4986:Core principles
4981:
4933:
4929:
4926:
4862:
4857:
4844:
4840:Wayback Machine
4807:Morris, Edmund
4793:Wayback Machine
4773:Wayback Machine
4744:Wayback Machine
4674:
4669:
4665:Wayback Machine
4645:Wiebe, Robert.
4641:Wayback Machine
4624:Wayback Machine
4607:Wayback Machine
4594:Schutz, Aaron.
4590:Wayback Machine
4573:Wayback Machine
4560:Piott, Steven.
4533:Mowry, George.
4529:Wayback Machine
4512:Wayback Machine
4481:Link, Arthur S.
4476:Wayback Machine
4459:Wayback Machine
4375:Wayback Machine
4344:Wayback Machine
4327:Wayback Machine
4310:Wayback Machine
4293:Wayback Machine
4237:
4232:
4230:Further reading
4227:
4226:
4219:
4204:
4203:
4199:
4181:
4180:
4176:
4167:
4165:
4156:
4155:
4151:
4142:
4138:
4129:
4125:
4115:
4113:
4102:
4101:
4097:
4083:
4082:
4078:
4069:
4067:
4059:
4058:
4054:
4041:
4040:
4036:
4027:
4025:
4014:"A Living Wage"
4012:
4011:
4007:
3999:
3994:
3993:
3989:
3980:
3978:
3969:
3968:
3964:
3954:
3952:
3949:sos.state.co.us
3942:
3941:
3937:
3928:
3926:
3922:
3921:
3917:
3900:
3894:
3892:
3881:
3880:
3876:
3846:
3845:
3841:
3832:
3830:
3817:
3816:
3812:
3803:
3801:
3788:
3787:
3783:
3774:
3772:
3759:
3758:
3754:
3727:New Labor Forum
3724:
3723:
3719:
3709:
3707:
3703:
3664:
3659:
3658:
3654:
3640:
3639:
3632:
3600:
3595:
3594:
3590:
3560:
3559:
3555:
3537:
3536:
3532:
3523:
3521:
3512:
3511:
3507:
3498:
3494:
3485:
3481:
3474:
3461:
3460:
3456:
3443:
3442:
3438:
3431:
3418:
3417:
3413:
3406:
3393:
3392:
3388:
3379:
3375:
3370:
3366:
3357:
3355:
3346:
3345:
3341:
3332:
3330:
3325:
3324:
3320:
3311:
3307:
3300:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3273:
3269:
3260:
3256:
3247:
3243:
3234:
3230:
3221:
3217:
3208:
3204:
3195:
3191:
3182:
3178:
3170:Michael Perman.
3169:
3165:
3152:
3151:
3147:
3138:
3134:
3125:
3121:
3105:
3104:
3100:
3093:
3078:
3077:
3073:
3066:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3037:
3033:
3026:
3011:
3010:
3006:
2999:
2984:
2983:
2979:
2965:
2964:
2960:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2911:
2890:
2889:
2885:
2857:
2856:
2849:
2844:Wayback Machine
2831:Daniel Okrent,
2830:
2826:
2817:
2813:
2804:
2800:
2791:
2787:
2783:(2002). 431 pp.
2778:
2774:
2765:
2761:
2752:
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2733:
2732:
2728:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2706:
2693:
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2649:
2644:
2640:
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2609:
2605:
2581:
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2558:
2554:
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2520:
2507:
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2371:
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2332:
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2319:
2310:
2306:
2295:
2280:
2279:
2272:
2265:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2223:
2219:
2206:
2202:
2197:
2155:
2150:
2144:
2108:
2102:
2074:
2068:
2040:
2034:
2026:
1994:Hillary Clinton
1990:Anderson Cooper
1962:
1953:
1951:Gender equality
1937:Main articles:
1935:
1907:
1875:
1829:
1823:
1794:
1755:
1735:
1705:Herbert Spencer
1658:patent medicine
1581:
1532:
1516:Antiquities Act
1508:
1484:
1474:Antiquities Act
1470:
1438:
1432:
1399:
1337:Northern states
1333:Progressive Era
1325:Southern states
1313:
1288:Walter Lippmann
1276:Margaret Sanger
1264:
1232:
1183:
1158:
1152:
1139:
1100:
1079:Frank B. Cooper
1043:
1037:
1012:
989:Walter Lippmann
976:
968:New Nationalism
910:, a cartoon by
899:
874:Progressive Era
870:
868:Progressive Era
864:
862:Progressive Era
840:social security
824:public services
736:New Nationalism
709:
671:
669:
657:
650:
649:
584:
576:
575:
531:
523:
522:
328:
320:
319:
246:Social progress
224:Reform movement
140:Economic growth
120:Civil liberties
110:
102:
101:
92:Progressive Era
72:Information Age
52:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5658:
5656:
5648:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5622:
5621:
5615:
5614:
5602:
5599:
5598:
5596:
5595:
5585:
5579:
5564:
5557:
5555:
5549:
5548:
5546:
5545:
5540:
5538:Woodrow Wilson
5535:
5533:Paul Wellstone
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5473:Walter Mondale
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5413:Estes Kefauver
5410:
5408:Barbara Jordan
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5343:Pete Buttigieg
5340:
5335:
5330:
5324:
5322:
5318:
5317:
5315:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5292:Gloria Steinem
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5267:Walter Reuther
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5242:Michael Lerner
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5197:Samuel Gompers
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5152:Louis Brandeis
5149:
5144:
5138:
5136:
5132:
5131:
5129:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5112:
5111:
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5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
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5045:
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5039:
5038:
5036:
5035:
5030:
5028:Social justice
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4993:Egalitarianism
4989:
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4983:
4982:
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4910:
4902:
4896:
4895:
4875:
4861:
4860:External links
4858:
4856:
4855:
4842:
4825:
4815:
4805:
4795:
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4757:
4756:
4746:
4729:
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4703:
4693:
4683:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4667:
4650:
4643:
4626:
4609:
4592:
4583:online edition
4575:
4558:
4551:
4541:
4531:
4514:
4497:
4490:
4478:
4461:
4441:
4431:
4424:
4417:
4413:2012-08-05 at
4408:online version
4400:
4391:
4384:
4377:
4360:
4353:
4346:
4329:
4314:Dawley, Alan.
4312:
4295:
4278:
4271:
4261:
4246:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4225:
4224:
4217:
4197:
4174:
4149:
4136:
4123:
4095:
4076:
4065:Fight for $ 15
4052:
4034:
4018:Our Revolution
4005:
3987:
3962:
3935:
3915:
3874:
3839:
3810:
3794:Bernie Sanders
3781:
3765:Bernie Sanders
3752:
3717:
3675:(4): 943–974.
3652:
3630:
3588:
3569:(4): 513–537.
3553:
3530:
3505:
3492:
3479:
3472:
3464:The Muckrakers
3454:
3436:
3429:
3411:
3404:
3386:
3373:
3364:
3339:
3318:
3305:
3298:
3280:
3267:
3254:
3241:
3228:
3215:
3202:
3200:(1989): 137–58
3189:
3176:
3163:
3145:
3132:
3119:
3098:
3091:
3071:
3064:
3044:
3031:
3024:
3004:
2997:
2977:
2958:
2946:
2916:
2910:978-0807853542
2909:
2883:
2870:(4): 207–224.
2847:
2824:
2811:
2798:
2792:Julie Greene,
2785:
2772:
2759:
2726:
2711:
2704:
2686:
2673:
2660:
2647:
2638:
2603:
2574:
2561:
2552:
2546:978-0803292284
2545:
2525:
2518:
2500:
2483:
2476:
2456:
2444:
2427:
2397:
2380:
2365:
2330:
2317:
2304:
2293:
2270:
2263:
2229:
2217:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2154:
2151:
2146:Main article:
2143:
2140:
2104:Main article:
2101:
2098:
2070:Main article:
2067:
2064:
2036:Main article:
2033:
2030:
2025:
2022:
1998:John Fetterman
1970:Bernie Sanders
1961:
1958:
1947:Racial justice
1934:
1933:Social justice
1931:
1919:Green New Deal
1906:
1903:
1899:Fight for $ 15
1891:Representative
1887:Bernie Sanders
1874:
1871:
1858:Bernie Sanders
1825:Main article:
1822:
1819:
1815:Glass-Steagall
1811:Bernie Sanders
1793:
1790:
1763:Bernie Sanders
1754:
1751:
1734:
1731:
1687:Upton Sinclair
1588:Upton Sinclair
1580:
1577:
1569:Herbert Hoover
1564:Populist Party
1531:
1528:
1507:
1504:
1469:
1466:
1434:Main article:
1431:
1428:
1420:Tom L. Johnson
1398:
1395:
1312:
1309:
1263:
1260:
1252:Herbert Hoover
1231:
1228:
1200:Samuel Gompers
1182:
1179:
1177:in the 1930s.
1154:Main article:
1151:
1148:
1138:
1135:
1099:
1096:
1039:Main article:
1036:
1033:
1011:
1008:
980:Louis Brandeis
975:
972:
912:Joseph Keppler
898:
895:
891:Arthur S. Link
866:Main article:
863:
860:
848:antitrust laws
780:social justice
711:
710:
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685:
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385:
380:
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370:
365:
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355:
350:
345:
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338:Abbott (Grace)
335:
333:Abbott (Edith)
329:
326:
325:
322:
321:
318:
317:
312:
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
282:
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237:
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229:Social justice
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199:
194:
189:
184:
182:Linear history
179:
174:
169:
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159:
154:
149:
144:
143:
142:
137:
135:Broad measures
127:
122:
117:
111:
108:
107:
104:
103:
100:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
67:Industrial Age
64:
59:
53:
50:
49:
46:
45:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5657:
5646:
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5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5627:
5625:
5612:
5606:
5600:
5593:
5589:
5586:
5584:(1930s–1970s)
5583:
5580:
5577:
5573:
5569:
5565:
5562:
5559:
5558:
5556:
5550:
5544:
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5364:
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5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5247:Rachel Maddow
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5217:Jesse Jackson
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5182:Betty Friedan
5180:
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5133:
5127:
5124:
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5119:
5117:
5114:
5110:
5107:
5106:
5105:
5104:New Democrats
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5079:Great Society
5077:
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5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
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5050:
5047:
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5044:
5040:
5034:
5033:Welfare state
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5018:Mixed economy
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4990:
4988:
4984:
4978:
4977:American Left
4975:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4962:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4945:Progressivism
4943:
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4718:
4717:
4714:
4710:
4706:
4705:
4702:
4698:
4694:
4692:
4688:
4685:Brands, H.W.
4684:
4681:
4677:
4676:
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4666:
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4659:
4655:
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4601:
4597:
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4591:
4587:
4584:
4580:
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4574:
4570:
4567:
4566:online review
4563:
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4422:
4418:
4416:
4415:archive.today
4412:
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4296:
4294:
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4283:
4279:
4276:
4272:
4270:
4266:
4262:
4259:
4258:0-7656-8051-3
4255:
4251:
4247:
4244:
4243:Progressivism
4240:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4220:
4218:9781469602035
4214:
4210:
4209:
4201:
4198:
4193:
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4127:
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4111:
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4105:
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4091:
4087:
4080:
4077:
4066:
4062:
4056:
4053:
4048:
4044:
4038:
4035:
4024:on 2019-08-13
4023:
4019:
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4006:
3998:
3991:
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3890:
3885:
3878:
3875:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3843:
3840:
3829:on 2019-01-12
3828:
3824:
3820:
3814:
3811:
3800:on 2018-12-21
3799:
3795:
3791:
3785:
3782:
3771:on 2017-05-20
3770:
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3475:
3473:9780271012124
3469:
3465:
3458:
3455:
3450:
3446:
3440:
3437:
3432:
3430:9780801425608
3426:
3422:
3415:
3412:
3407:
3405:9780316944168
3401:
3397:
3390:
3387:
3383:
3380:Lewis Gould,
3377:
3374:
3368:
3365:
3354:on 2012-04-26
3353:
3349:
3343:
3340:
3328:
3322:
3319:
3315:
3309:
3306:
3301:
3299:9781882090051
3295:
3291:
3284:
3281:
3277:
3271:
3268:
3264:
3258:
3255:
3251:
3248:Kenneth Fox,
3245:
3242:
3238:
3232:
3229:
3225:
3219:
3216:
3212:
3206:
3203:
3199:
3193:
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3177:
3173:
3167:
3164:
3159:
3155:
3149:
3146:
3142:
3136:
3133:
3130:, 1999) 19–20
3129:
3123:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3102:
3099:
3094:
3092:9780814735824
3088:
3084:
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3075:
3072:
3067:
3065:9780807899250
3061:
3057:
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3048:
3045:
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3027:
3025:9780810862937
3021:
3017:
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3008:
3005:
3000:
2998:9780465010141
2994:
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2989:
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2799:
2795:
2789:
2786:
2782:
2776:
2773:
2769:
2763:
2760:
2749:
2748:10822/1051351
2745:
2741:
2737:
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2715:
2712:
2707:
2701:
2697:
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2683:
2677:
2674:
2670:
2667:Mina Carson,
2664:
2661:
2657:
2651:
2648:
2642:
2639:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2619:(4): 417–34.
2618:
2614:
2607:
2604:
2598:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2578:
2575:
2571:
2565:
2562:
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2428:
2415:
2408:
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2398:
2394:
2390:
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2381:
2377:
2376:
2372:Published in
2369:
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2264:9780199340378
2260:
2256:
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2099:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2073:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2058:candidate to
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2039:
2031:
2029:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1959:
1957:
1952:
1948:
1944:
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1932:
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1911:
1904:
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1895:
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1872:
1870:
1868:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1831:In 2009, the
1828:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1812:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1778:globalization
1775:
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1732:
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1728:
1724:
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1716:
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1701:
1700:laissez-faire
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1683:
1678:
1677:
1672:
1671:
1670:The Financier
1666:
1661:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
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1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1611:
1610:William James
1607:
1603:
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5282:Susan Sontag
5257:Pauli Murray
5237:Paul Krugman
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2413:
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2086:labor unions
2075:
2041:
2027:
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1977:
1963:
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1879:minimum wage
1876:
1873:Minimum wage
1867:ColoradoCare
1830:
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1500:Grand Canyon
1485:
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1430:Conservation
1404:
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1301:
1265:
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1224:minimum wage
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1112:prostitution
1108:World War II
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1028:open primary
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996:city manager
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856:labor unions
852:labor rights
844:minimum wage
830:, resisting
804:corporations
800:big business
792:public goods
773:
768:Alonzo Hamby
715:
714:
570:
551:Muslim world
383:de Condorcet
373:Breckinridge
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5478:Tip O'Neill
5468:Harvey Milk
5428:Ted Kennedy
5373:Howard Dean
5368:Mario Cuomo
5328:Bella Abzug
5312:Earl Warren
5277:Al Sharpton
5147:Jane Addams
5126:Vietnam War
4116:12 December
4047:BallotPedia
3611:(1): 1–27.
2590:: 188–211.
2132:New Dealers
2002:war in Gaza
1978:progressive
1976:, the term
1782:Wall Street
1761:Politician
1679:(1914). In
1673:(1912) and
1628:Ida Tarbell
1506:Reclamation
1408:Jane Addams
1331:during the
1323:All of the
1236:prohibition
1230:Prohibition
1208:Republicans
1119:Jane Addams
1098:Social work
1051:Lester Ward
1018:in Oregon,
926:, tin, and
882:World War I
645:Technocracy
556:South Korea
423:La Follette
82:Machine Age
5624:Categories
5448:John Lewis
5433:John Kerry
5307:Gore Vidal
5262:John Rawls
5177:Betty Ford
4892:The Nation
4168:2020-11-14
4070:2016-11-20
4028:2016-11-20
3981:2016-11-20
3929:2016-10-27
3895:2016-10-27
3833:2016-10-27
3804:2016-11-19
3775:2016-11-19
3697:1794901698
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3524:2019-06-18
3358:2011-11-19
3333:2012-05-14
3187:, 1999) 42
2953:2022-03-10
2753:2023-04-23
2195:References
2090:socialists
2056:Republican
1988:moderator
1960:Definition
1901:movement.
1806:Dodd-Frank
1723:John Dewey
1682:The Jungle
1614:muckrakers
1606:John Dewey
1602:pragmatism
1593:The Jungle
1540:Republican
1536:Democratic
1123:Hull House
1047:John Dewey
974:Efficiency
958:supported
936:capitalism
918:, copper,
878:Gilded Age
806:, and the
796:capitalist
764:corruption
734:, such as
623:Liberalism
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5333:Joe Biden
5109:Third Way
5074:Fair Deal
4192:565078133
3904:cite news
3747:155745898
3689:157588016
3625:153341589
2633:145478829
2420:5 October
2120:left-wing
2094:Wisconsin
2050:to elect
1676:The Titan
1542:parties,
1454:John Muir
1353:Rochester
1320:voters).
1258:in 1933.
1248:Al Capone
1222:laws and
1204:Democrats
1035:Education
760:pollution
752:reformist
536:Argentina
530:By region
518:Yavlinsky
187:Modernity
97:Space Age
5116:New Left
5099:New Deal
5069:Cold War
4938:Variants
4887:Part III
4836:Archived
4789:Archived
4769:Archived
4740:Archived
4661:Archived
4637:Archived
4620:Archived
4603:Archived
4586:Archived
4569:Archived
4549:in JSTOR
4525:Archived
4508:Archived
4472:Archived
4455:Archived
4411:Archived
4371:Archived
4340:Archived
4323:Archived
4306:Archived
4289:Archived
4235:Overview
4109:The Week
3889:The Hill
3869:24193613
3710:14 March
3693:ProQuest
3583:18351034
3447:(1952).
3156:(1965).
2840:Archived
2360:25163288
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2128:liberals
2124:Cold War
2004:and the
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1693:(1883),
1648:(1908),
1640:(1904),
1424:Seth Low
1268:eugenics
1262:Eugenics
1175:New Deal
944:monopoly
922:, iron,
802:, large
513:Yamamoto
473:Sampedro
368:Brandeis
202:Progress
35:a series
33:Part of
5388:Al Gore
5042:History
4883:Part II
4831:(1999)
4764:(2004)
4752:(1991)
4711:(1973)
4699:(1992)
4691:excerpt
4689:(2019)
4656:(2017)
4615:(2006)
4598:(2010)
4520:(2003)
4503:(1991)
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4318:(2003)
4301:(1982)
4267:(1988)
2835:(2011)
2016:in the
1884:Senator
1579:Culture
1488:Florida
1240:alcohol
808:wealthy
583:Related
493:Wallace
488:Trudeau
478:Sanders
418:Krugman
388:Douglas
353:AtatĂĽrk
310:Welfare
77:Jet Age
51:History
4879:Part I
4823:online
4803:online
4754:online
4737:online
4727:online
4713:online
4701:online
4557:(2006)
4539:online
4488:online
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4269:online
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561:Taiwan
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503:Weaver
498:Warren
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393:Hessel
348:Ardern
343:Addams
327:People
5049:1950s
4634:JSTOR
4452:JSTOR
4437:1986
4000:(PDF)
3743:S2CID
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5572:1924
5568:1912
4254:ISBN
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4118:2017
3957:2016
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