783:
44:
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591:
461:
to attain a low memory overhead of each protothread. The kernel invokes the protothread of a process in response to an internal or external event. Examples of internal events are timers that fire or messages being posted from other processes. Examples of external events are sensors that trigger or
465:
Protothreads are cooperatively scheduled. Thus, a
Contiki process must always explicitly yield control back to the kernel at regular intervals. Contiki processes may use a special protothread construct to block waiting for events while yielding control to the kernel between each event invocation.
429:
The
Contiki system includes a sensor simulator called Cooja, which simulates of Contiki nodes. The nodes belong to one of the three following classes: a) emulated Cooja nodes, b) Contiki code compiled and executed on the simulation host, or c) Java nodes, where the behavior of the node must be
420:
Many
Contiki systems are severely power-constrained. Battery operated wireless sensors may need to provide years of unattended operation and with little means to recharge or replace batteries. Contiki provides a set of mechanisms to reduce the power consumption of systems on which it runs. The
411:
Rime is an alternative network stack, for use when the overhead of the IPv4 or IPv6 stacks is prohibitive. The Rime stack provides a set of communication primitives for low-power wireless systems. The default primitives are single-hop unicast, single-hop broadcast, multi-hop unicast, network
363:. A typical Contiki system has memory on the order of kilobytes, a power budget on the order of milliwatts, processing speed measured in megaHertz, and communication bandwidth on the order of hundreds of kilobits/second. Such systems include many types of
992:
Durvy, Mathilde; Abeillé, Julien; Wetterwald, Patrick; O'Flynn, Colin; Leverett, Blake; Gnoske, Eric; Vidales, Michael; Mulligan, Geoff; Tsiftes, Nicolas; Finne, Niclas; Dunkels, Adam (November 2008), "Making sensor networks IPv6 ready",
475:
391:
networking, and the Rime stack, which is a set of custom lightweight networking protocols designed for low-power wireless networks. The IPv6 stack was contributed by Cisco and was, when released, the smallest IPv6 stack to receive the
1725:
430:
reimplemented as a Java class. One Cooja simulation may contain a mix of sensor nodes from any of the three classes. Emulated nodes can also be used to include non-Contiki nodes in a simulated network.
421:
default mechanism for attaining low-power operation of the radio is called
ContikiMAC. With ContikiMAC, nodes can be running in low-power mode and still be able to receive and relay radio messages.
1765:
1361:
1103:
Dunkels, Adam; Schmidt, Oliver; Voigt, Thiemo; Ali, Muneeb (November 2006), "Protothreads: Simplifying event-driven programming of memory-constrained embedded systems",
1731:
1719:
1122:
1051:
978:
1644:
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1758:
826:
2709:
1689:
2759:
48:
Screenshot of an Ubuntu system showing
Contiki 2.6 running on 41 nodes forming an IPv6-RPL-6LoWPAN network in the Cooja Contiki network simulator.
2734:
1649:
412:
flooding, and address-free data collection. The primitives can be used on their own or combined to form more complex protocols and mechanisms.
1354:
287:
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1751:
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1033:
Dunkels, Adam; Österlind, Fredrik; He, Zhitao (November 2007), "An adaptive communication architecture for wireless sensor networks",
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2694:
1347:
290:, ST Microelectronics, Zolertia, and many others. Contiki gained popularity because of its built in TCP/IP stack and lightweight
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2724:
2252:
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2719:
2714:
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1654:
1149:
1298:
2527:
2289:
763:
640:, CC2430, CC2538, CC2630, CC2650, CC2538: cctv, Firefly, Zoul (comprises the CC2538 and CC1200 in a single module format)
2764:
1917:
199:
114:
1830:
788:
491:
173:
94:
498:(GUI) subsystem with either direct graphic support for locally connected terminals or networked virtual display with
2739:
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Proceedings of the First ACM/Usenix
International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications and Services (MobiSys)
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in 2002 and has been further developed by a worldwide team of developers from Texas
Instruments, Atmel, Cisco,
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Dunkels, Adam (2004), "Contiki – a lightweight and flexible operating system for tiny networked sensors",
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291:
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1221:"The Contiki Operating System / [Contiki-developers] Contiki port for the LPC1768 arm processor"
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43:
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Proceedings of the 4th international conference on
Embedded networked sensor systems - Sen
453:. A protothread is a memory-efficient programming abstraction that shares features of both
2178:
1858:
1507:
731:
674:
364:
351:
Contiki is designed to run on types of hardware devices that are severely constrained in
1016:
938:
Proceedings of the 29th Annual IEEE International
Conference on Local Computer Networks.
2600:
2111:
1990:
1985:
1611:
998:
704:
380:
356:
306:
1105:
Proceedings of the Fourth ACM Conference on
Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys)
449:
To run efficiently on small-memory systems, the Contiki programming model is based on
2688:
2356:
2104:
1975:
1743:
1456:
1451:
1278:
1035:
Proceedings of the Fifth ACM Conference on Networked Embedded Sensor Systems (SenSys)
995:
Proceedings of the Sixth ACM Conference on Networked Embedded Sensor Systems (SenSys)
768:
699:
684:
679:
405:
1169:
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952:
Out in the Open: The Little-Known Open Source OS That Rules the Internet of Things
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for networked, memory-constrained systems with a focus on low-power wireless
2610:
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1996:
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1038:
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19:
This article is about the embedded operating system. For other uses, see
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International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks
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1535:
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Dunkels, A.; Schmidt, O.; Voigt, T.; Ali, M. (2006). "Protothreads".
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963:
Dunkels, Adam (May 2003), "Full TCP/IP for 8 Bit Architectures",
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Contiki supports per-process optional preemptive multithreading,
400:(RPL) routing protocol for low-power lossy IPv6 networks and the
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2272:
2187:
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2014:
1813:
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A full installation of Contiki includes the following features:
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384:
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using message passing through events, as well as an optional
1332:
223:
150:
1267:: unofficial website for historic ports of the 1.x version.
340:
301:
which is a very motivating feature for IoT. The name
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2007:
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398:Routing Protocol for Low power and Lossy Networks
339:A new branch has recently been created, known as
1289:Contiki 2.5 config file and disk image generator
396:certification. The IPv6 stack also contains the
1732:Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems
1720:European Conference on Wireless Sensor Networks
582:, which includes a port in its 3.15.5 release.
379:Contiki provides three network mechanisms: the
247:(IoT) devices. Contiki is used for systems for
1759:
1355:
316:Contiki provides multitasking and a built-in
8:
404:header compression and adaptation layer for
387:networking, the uIPv6 stack, which provides
163:
36:
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1968:
1800:
1790:
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1752:
1744:
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1348:
1340:
1121:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1069:The ContikiMAC Radio Duty Cycling Protocol
1050:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
977:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
162:
35:
1300:Contiki porting on PIC32 (Seed-Eye Board)
883:
881:
827:Comparison of real-time operating systems
343:: The OS for Next Generation IoT Devices
1690:Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing
473:
462:incoming packets from a radio neighbor.
320:(TCP/IP stack), yet needs only about 10
906:Contiki: Bringing IP to Sensor Networks
877:
858:
856:
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852:
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848:
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844:
842:
838:
1114:
1043:
970:
359:, processing power, and communication
288:Swedish Institute of Computer Science
286:, Oxford University, SAP, Sensinode,
7:
552:(claimed to be the world's smallest)
1200:"wolfSSL CONTIKI OS port - wolfSSL"
433:In Contiki 2.6, platforms with the
336:, needs about 30 kilobytes of RAM.
1271:"Minimal Contiki OS for LPC2103",
441:microcontrollers can be emulated.
332:(ROM). A full system, including a
14:
2667:
2666:
2656:
781:
574:Contiki is supported by popular
42:
2710:Free software operating systems
2253:Transaction Processing Facility
542:Networked remote display using
2760:Software using the BSD license
1655:Sensor network query processor
1:
2735:Atari 8-bit computer software
1237:Running Contiki under Windows
764:Nintendo Entertainment System
383:TCP/IP stack, which provides
730:, or more directly using an
1831:Multi-Environment Real-Time
1775:Real-time operating systems
997:(poster session), Raleigh,
789:Open-source software portal
620:– LPC1768, LPC2103, MC13224
594:Contiki on the Commodore 64
492:inter-process communication
179:4.9 / June 17, 2023
2781:
2700:Embedded operating systems
328:(RAM) and 30 kilobytes of
25:
18:
16:Real-time operating system
2629:
1971:
1936:Operating System Embedded
1665:Wireless powerline sensor
544:Virtual Network Computing
514:preemptive multithreading
512:Optional per-application
500:Virtual Network Computing
194:
168:
99:3.0 / 25 August 2015
41:
2221:Windows Embedded Compact
1488:Near-field communication
496:graphical user interface
459:event-driven programming
334:graphical user interface
26:Not to be confused with
21:Contiki (disambiguation)
2695:Wireless sensor network
1371:Wireless sensor network
1307:: SSSUP, archived from
1142:10.1145/1182807.1182811
524:Internet Protocol Suite
318:Internet Protocol Suite
270:Contiki was created by
251:, sound monitoring for
181:; 14 months ago
2755:MIPS operating systems
2725:Commodore 128 software
2560:Robot Operating System
1696:Dynamic Source Routing
1240:, Trix, archived from
595:
502:(VNC) or over Telnet.
487:
482:server running on the
284:RWTH Aachen University
81:; 21 years ago
2750:ARM operating systems
2720:Commodore 64 software
2715:TRS-80 Color Computer
665:Atari 8-bit computers
593:
477:
292:preemptive scheduling
101:; 9 years ago
2652:Open-source software
2063:Java virtual machine
1467:Bluetooth Low Energy
1277:, NP, archived from
326:random-access memory
261:open-source software
257:radiation monitoring
2765:TCP implementations
1650:Location estimation
1223:. 19 December 2020.
1170:Presentation slides
509:Multitasking kernel
416:Low-power operation
263:released under the
165:
38:
1292:, A2 retro systems
940:, pp. 455–462
644:STMicroelectronics
618:NXP Semiconductors
596:
578:libraries such as
488:
478:Screenshot of the
259:and alarms. It is
245:Internet of Things
79:10 March 2003
2740:Atari ST software
2730:Apple II software
2705:Free web browsers
2682:
2681:
2410:
2409:
2264:Texas Instruments
2030:
2029:
1957:
1956:
1741:
1740:
1255:"Tools Contiki",
865:based development
634:Texas Instruments
630:(PIC32MX795F512L)
445:Programming model
234:
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2348:ERIKA Enterprise
2036:Capability-based
1969:
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1645:Key distribution
1394:ERIKA Enterprise
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1333:Official website
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802:ERIKA Enterprise
791:
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754:Game Boy Advance
599:Microcontrollers
537:Windowing system
365:embedded systems
330:read-only memory
241:operating system
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146:Official website
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33:Operating system
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2003:
1953:
1898:
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1859:Real-Time Linux
1785:
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1182:"Protothread",
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1066:Dunkels, Adam,
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732:X Window System
675:Atari Portfolio
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486:port of Contiki
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249:street lighting
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76:Initial release
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2637:= discontinued
2630:
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2608:
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2601:David Cheriton
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2279:TI-RTOS Kernel
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2112:Concurrent DOS
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2018:
2011:
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2004:
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1994:
1993:(organization)
1991:T-Engine Forum
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1986:Micro T-Kernel
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1437:Communications
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1325:External links
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1191:
1174:
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1136:. p. 29.
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471:
468:
455:multithreading
446:
443:
426:
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376:
373:
348:
345:
307:Thor Heyerdahl
232:
231:
220:
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196:
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178:
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174:Stable release
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2105:Multiuser DOS
2102:
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2019:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2010:
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1976:ITRON project
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1627:TinyDB-TOSSIM
1625:
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1471:
1468:
1465:
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1455:
1453:
1452:IEEE 802.15.4
1450:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1434:
1428:
1425:
1423:
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1418:
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1329:
1328:
1324:
1311:on 2013-03-18
1310:
1306:
1302:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1281:on 2014-06-04
1280:
1276:
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1269:
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1259:
1253:
1252:
1244:on 2003-12-09
1243:
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1021:, Cisco, 2008
1020:
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974:
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923:
919:"Community",
915:
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790:
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770:
769:TurboGrafx-16
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
741:
738:Game consoles
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
700:Commodore 128
697:
694:
691:
688:
686:
685:Commodore PET
683:
681:
680:Pocket Viewer
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
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657:
653:
649:
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639:
635:
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456:
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444:
442:
440:
436:
431:
424:
422:
415:
413:
409:
407:
406:IEEE 802.15.4
403:
399:
395:
390:
386:
382:
374:
372:
370:
366:
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346:
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167:
156:
148:
144:
141:
138:
136:
132:
128:
118:
116:
112:
98:
96:
95:Final release
92:
78:
74:
71:
68:
64:
61:
58:
56:
52:
45:
40:
29:
22:
2671:
2661:
2649:
2641:
2636:
2633:
2621:Ken Sakamura
2616:Adam Dunkels
2519:
2513:
2506:
2499:
2481:
2474:
2422:
2414:
2362:
2341:
2329:Low resource
2317:
2310:
2303:
2271:
2245:
2238:
2192:
2191:^° kernel →
2186:
2159:
2124:
2117:
2110:
2103:
2082:
2076:
2070:
2043:
1924:Nucleus RTOS
1909:
1890:
1870:
1845:
1839:
1835:
1829:
1812:
1637:Applications
1526:WirelessHART
1388:
1313:, retrieved
1309:the original
1299:
1288:
1279:the original
1274:Manishshakya
1273:
1257:
1242:the original
1236:
1229:
1215:
1204:. Retrieved
1202:. 2018-12-18
1194:
1184:
1177:
1133:
1129:
1104:
1098:
1088:
1081:
1068:
1061:
1034:
1028:
1017:
1011:
994:
987:
964:
958:
947:
937:
931:
921:
914:
905:
899:
889:
715:Sharp Wizard
696:Commodore 64
628:dsPIC, PIC32
573:
530:, including
519:Protothreads
504:
489:
464:
451:protothreads
448:
432:
428:
419:
410:
397:
393:
378:
350:
338:
315:
302:
296:event-driven
272:Adam Dunkels
269:
265:BSD-3-Clause
253:smart cities
236:
235:
140:BSD-3-Clause
66:Source model
60:Adam Dunkels
2644:Microkernel
2606:Dave Cutler
2596:Gordon Bell
2501:Sintran III
2371:OpenComRTOS
2072:Chorus/Jazz
1707:Conferences
1546:Programming
1107:, Boulder,
710:NEC PC-6001
569:Screensaver
550:web browser
371:computers.
305:comes from
282:, Redwire,
226:.contiki-ng
212:/contiki-ng
210:/contiki-ng
153:.contiki-os
125:/contiki-os
70:Open source
2689:Categories
2663:Comparison
2588:Developers
2549:Frameworks
2491:° Standard
2469:Phantom OS
2447:µ-velOSity
2336:ChibiOS/RT
1660:Sensor web
1478:ISA100.11a
1315:2013-01-31
1234:Stein, H,
1206:2019-01-09
1151:1595933433
1089:Contiki OS
1037:, Sydney,
922:Contiki OS
890:Contiki OS
873:References
557:web server
528:networking
425:Simulation
394:IPv6 Ready
375:Networking
367:, and old
341:Contiki-NG
309:'s famous
280:ETH Zurich
200:Repository
186:2023-06-17
164:Contiki-NG
115:Repository
106:2015-08-25
86:2003-03-10
2611:Dan Dodge
2539:UniProton
2489:RT-Thread
2463:Microware
2383:RT-Thread
2207:Microsoft
1997:T-License
1918:Integrity
1805:Unix-like
1784:Operating
1682:protocols
1670:Telemetry
1584:Iris Mote
1548:languages
1462:Bluetooth
1439:protocols
1403:NanoQplus
1379:Operating
1086:"Start",
724:Unix-like
654:Computers
624:Microchip
555:Personal
526:(TCP/IP)
484:Atmel AVR
439:Atmel AVR
435:TI MSP430
361:bandwidth
322:kilobytes
267:license.
55:Developer
2673:Category
2495:ScreenOS
2435:FreeRTOS
2377:PX5 RTOS
2084:ChorusOS
1981:T-Kernel
1942:PX5 RTOS
1911:ChorusOS
1820:Junos OS
1734:(SenSys)
1712:journals
1617:LinuxMCE
1604:Software
1589:Sun SPOT
1571:Hardware
1508:Sidewalk
1469:(Wibree)
1117:citation
1046:citation
1018:Newsroom
973:citation
775:See also
749:Game Boy
670:Atari ST
660:Apple II
470:Features
347:Hardware
311:Kon-Tiki
127:/contiki
28:Kon-Tiki
2634:Italics
2578:Xenomai
2572:TI-RTOS
2534:VxWorks
2521:Harmony
2424:DioneOS
2395:ThreadX
2364:Nano-RK
2353:FunkOS°
2342:Contiki
2247:4690 OS
2240:4680 OS
2215:ThreadX
2194:Symbian
2126:REAL/32
2008:Partial
1965:support
1938:^ (OSE)
1903:Partial
1865:RTLinux
1840:Unix-RT
1797:support
1786:systems
1680:Routing
1579:Arduino
1561:LabVIEW
1517:TIBUMAC
1498:One-Net
1447:6LoWPAN
1427:OpenWSN
1412:OpenTag
1407:Nano-RK
1389:Contiki
1381:systems
807:Nano-RK
722:-based
648:STM32 W
580:wolfSSL
576:SSL/TLS
561:Simple
539:and GUI
408:links.
402:6LoWPAN
303:Contiki
237:Contiki
219:Website
184: (
135:License
104: (
84: (
37:Contiki
2416:BeRTOS
2401:Zephyr
2385:° Nano
2357:Mynewt
2319:VAXELN
2305:RSX-11
2293:PDP-11
2168:Wombat
2161:REX OS
2154:PikeOS
2148:LLinux
2141:kernel
2119:FlexOS
2078:JavaOS
1892:LiteOS
1883:LiteOS
1847:OS2000
1825:LynxOS
1777:(RTOS)
1728:(IPSN)
1722:(EWSN)
1692:(AODV)
1536:Z-Wave
1531:Zigbee
1513:Thread
1422:TinyOS
1399:LiteOS
1258:Hitmen
1160:983128
1158:
1148:
822:TinyOS
817:SymbOS
797:BeRTOS
759:Jaguar
690:VIC-20
638:MSP430
565:client
563:telnet
353:memory
313:raft.
299:kernel
239:is an
206:github
121:github
2515:Thoth
2508:THEOS
2441:µC/OS
2430:embOS
2312:RT-11
2255:(TPF)
2179:Psion
2021:RTEMS
1930:NuttX
1795:POSIX
1698:(DSR)
1622:OPNET
1503:OSIAN
1493:OCARI
1473:DASH7
1265:: C02
1156:S2CID
1111:, USA
1073:(PDF)
1005:: ACM
833:Notes
605:Atmel
586:Ports
369:8-bit
357:power
294:over
2650:° =
2642:^ =
2566:RTAI
2553:kits
2528:VRTX
2518:^ →
2476:pSOS
2459:OS-9
2389:RIOT
2273:DSOS
2188:EKA2
2052:seL4
2045:EROS
2015:eCos
1963:TRON
1948:RIOT
1872:UNOS
1836:MERT
1814:DNIX
1612:NS-2
1594:XBee
1521:TSMP
1483:MiWi
1417:RIOT
1185:Code
1146:ISBN
1123:link
1052:link
979:link
863:cc65
812:RIOT
744:GP32
728:GTK+
705:Oric
532:IPv6
457:and
437:and
389:IPv6
385:IPv4
276:ENEA
228:.org
208:.com
155:.org
123:.com
2562:° 2
2483:RMX
2453:MQX
2296:VAX
2290:DEC
2231:IBM
2096:DOS
2075:^ (
1853:QNX
1834:^ (
1457:ANT
1166:PDF
1138:doi
1134:'06
1132:Sys
720:x86
613:AVR
609:ARM
480:VNC
381:uIP
324:of
224:www
151:www
2691::
2574:^°
2551:,
2471:^°
2443:^°
2437:^°
2419:^°
2403:^°
2338:^°
2281:^°
2198:^°
2196:OS
2170:^°
2150:^°
2139:L4
2087:^)
2081:+
2054:^°
2048:^°
1950:^°
1932:^°
1838:–
1305:IT
1303:,
1263:AT
1261:,
1172:).
1168:,
1154:.
1144:.
1119:}}
1115:{{
1109:CO
1048:}}
1044:{{
1039:AU
1003:US
1001:,
999:NC
975:}}
971:{{
880:^
841:^
698:,
646:–
636:–
626:–
611:,
607:–
548:A
355:,
278:,
255:,
2580:°
2568:°
2530:^
2524:^
2465:)
2461:(
2455:^
2449:^
2397:^
2391:°
2379:^
2373:^
2367:°
2359:°
2350:°
2344:°
2217:^
2164:^
2156:^
2023:°
2017:°
1944:^
1926:^
1920:^
1914:^
1895:°
1867:°
1861:°
1855:^
1842:)
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1760:t
1753:v
1709:,
1556:C
1363:e
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1349:v
1319:.
1294:.
1283:.
1246:.
1209:.
1189:.
1164:(
1162:.
1140::
1125:)
1093:.
1076:.
1056:.
1054:)
1023:.
981:)
942:.
926:.
894:.
692:,
188:)
108:)
88:)
30:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
