780:
1470:"As we saw things unfold on the ground, we saw them not able to support themselves logistically, we saw them make some bad assumptions at the beginning of this, we saw them fail to integrate aerial fires with their ground maneuver, and just a number of missteps", Secretary Austin said. "I attribute a lot of that to lack of leadership at the lower level".
829:
Multi-domain operations occur as overlapped, integrated operation of cyberspace, space (including satellite operations), land, maritime, and air. A multi-domain task force was set up in 2018 in I Corps for the
Pacific. Multi-domain battalions, which first stood up in 2019, comprise a single unit for
931:
If rivals or adversaries persist in indirect competition, the protagonists seek advantage over them by building relationships with cooperating allies, partners, neutral parties, or observers; in addition, the protagonists keep a forward presence in the theater; the protagonists also must keep their
756:
Each level moving from first to fourth is characterized by increasing degrees of separation from reality, and decreasing degrees of maturity, in this context, defined as the ability to control anger and settle differences without violence or destruction. Problem-solving behavior is based in reality
927:
If an adversary persists in direct competition, the protagonist simply continues to advance with direct competition, thereby gaining leverage over the adversary. The protagonist might find it possible only to impede the adversary; in this case, allies and partners may interoperate against the
1086:
Erdogan bluntly informed Putin in a phone conversation that Turkey would react "in the harshest way" to any future attacks on its forces. The proxies are across Turkey's border from Idlib (Syria), which is largely held by Syrian fighters allied to al-Qaeda and rebels backed by Ankara
459:
By the decade of the 2010s, military planners realized that additional capabilities in communications, sensors, and weapons countermeasures made it possible for competitors to react to a contestant's moves in the "gray zone" just short of conflict. In 2018, Kelly McCoy identified a
529:
is the condition where protagonist A is able to present multiple dilemmas to an antagonist E. Thus, if E can recognize that E risks total destruction (annihilation), then it is possible to bring an end to conflict between A and E. If A can bring about overmatch for all E's, the
920:) competition. Narrative competition shapes and frames a baseline within which direct, or indirect competition with adversaries are related. In progressive stages of the narrative, allies, partners, neutral parties, observers, and rivals are encouraged to cooperate with the
857:) in orbit from October 2022 to May 2023 had successfully released, and then recaptured an orbiting object. In August 2023, USSF Space Systems Command and the NRO revealed countermeasures to China's maneuverable space vehicles that are in geosynchronous orbit.
860:
Other operations short of war in 2018 include undeclared conflicts, involving proxy military units funded by oligarchs, but specifically disclaimed by near-peer competitors. This is in direct response to the strategy which the US has promulgated since 1949.
932:
capabilities relevant, competitive, and current. Cost becomes a factor, as adversaries learn by simply trying to keep up. Eventually indirect competition could stabilize; however, the 40th Chief of Staff notes competition is an infinite game.
760:
However, each level moving from fourth to first is more capable than the one below it at forcing victory in a conflict. The rogue messiah overpowers blind behavior, blind behavior thwarts domination, and domination deadlocks problem-solving.
1039:'s unclassified Multi-Domain Operations (MDO) concept is "the combined arms employment of capabilities from all domains that create and exploit relative advantages to defeat enemy forces, achieve objectives and consolidate gains during
880:
may be goals for partners, competitors, or adversaries, depending on where they might be in the continuum of conflict. Directed energy attacks on US embassies, and even the White House are cropping up, as reported in April 2021.
833:
The MDO model recognizes that near-peer competitors might not actually seek conflict with each other, but perhaps merely a near-term advantage in order to buy time for themselves in the face of overmatch. For example, the
2306:
853:. Other multi-domain operations short of war, but still escalating the conflict, might include the shooting-down of military drones. By May 2023, a robotic Chinese space plane (similar to the
757:
and maturity, and is therefore more rational and mature than domination. Domination is more rational and mature than blind behavior, which is more rational and mature than the Rogue
Messiah.
505:
players in the non-zero sum game. If we reduce this game to a zero-sum 3-player game by the introduction of a fictitious player 3, then the characteristic function becomes the one given. In
1008:
is an array of strategies, one for each player, such that no player can obtain a higher payoff by switching to a different strategy while the strategies of all other players are held fixed.
1211:
810:
Before 2017, winning a conflict was seen as the objective of the US Army. By 2018, the US Air Force showed it is important to reformulate this strategy, as part of a larger process of
1974:
1021:
US Defense
Secretary 'Austin pointed to early failures by Russia, including almost immediate struggles with logistics, and difficulties getting food, water and supplies to troops'.
2672:
1753:
399:
2083:
2652:
2591:
2011:
1912:
1571:
1900:
1680:: A division-scale exercise next year in Europe, Defender 2020, will be the largest in a quarter-century. Establishes 7 major elements going forward beyond 2020.
2725:
1481:
1993:
845:
emitted a kinetic vehicle, which emitted a tertiary object. This maneuver is interpreted as a test of anti-satellite capability. Cosmos 2542 has been tailing
2108:
476:" must not blur peace and war; they offered an analysis of the need for strategists to clearly distinguish peace, competition, contest, conflict, and war.
1177:
Chief of Staff paper #1, Headquarters, Department of the Army (16 March 2021) Army Multi-Domain
Transformation: Ready to Win in Competition and Conflict
842:
2296:
2261:
2199:
2053:
1061:
1048:
1044:
1040:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
770:
392:
1769:
1666:
Maj. Kevin
Sandell, U.S. Army Central Public Affairs (June 26, 2019) U.S. physician teaches Steppe Eagle 19 medical participants to 'race the Reaper'
2095:
1635:
Lt. Col. Edward A. Fraser and
Command Sgt. Maj. Robert V. Abernethy (April 1, 2019) Strong Europe: A continental-scale combat sustainment laboratory
1665:
517:+1st player represents the amount that the gainers would have been prepared to pay to the losers (or, in a global loss, the global amount that the
1986:
1713:
1849:
2410:
1596:
311:
2642:
2307:
Conor
Finnegan and Ben Gittleson (May 7, 2021) White House acknowledges mysterious health attacks occurred in US, reviewing intel on incidents
2282:
980:
1794:
706:
function when disputes arise between them. She posits that there are four types or levels of conflict, each operating under distinct rules:
2440:
1962:
385:
1807:
420:
researchers use when modeling conflict on a continuum from low to high-intensity, such as from aggression to irritation to explosiveness.
2040:
1618:
2833:
2793:
2657:
2221:
1176:
1750:
2767:
2647:
2133:
1634:
1465:
2682:
1677:
1342:
1069:
501:+1st player ("the fictitious player") is not an entity. Rather, the fictitious player represents the global profit (or loss) of the
2152:
1888:
1371:
2243:
1249:
1018:
1950:
2469:
1795:(14 Feb 2022) Austin to visit defense officials in Poland, Belgium and Lithuania as potential Russian invasion of Ukraine looms
1781:
1702:
2632:
1622:
1516:
2662:
276:
2375:
2120:
1269:
1106:
2161:
1725:
1158:
1922:
satellite; Cosmos 2542 is now tailing the USA 245's movements with a precision of 150 to 300 kilometers.
539:
1938:
510:
2606:
1650:
1065:
1868:
1438:
1189:
2555:
2510:
2495:
1230:
908:
In 2021, the 40th Chief of Staff of the United States Army identified three dimensions of military competition: 1)
343:
250:
1861:
2378:"the number of countries with political disinformation campaigns more than doubled to 70 in the last two years"—
1975:(21 May 2023) China's mysterious space plane released an unidentified 'object' in orbit, US intelligence reveals
2616:
2611:
877:
468:'s Joint Concept for Integrated Campaigning (JCIC), up to the point just short of armed conflict, while noting
338:
296:
100:
93:
2084:(May 10, 2021) US Scrambles to Keep Fuel Flowing After Pipeline Cyberattack. Russian Cybercriminals Suspected
1439:
November–December -2017/Multi-Domain-Battle-The-Advent-of-Twenty-First-Century-War/ (November–December 2017)
2320:
2788:
2762:
2601:
2185:
More detail on the cyber attack was reported by North
American Electric Reliability Corporation 9 July 2019.
893:
493:, von Neumann and Morgenstern showed in 1944 that this condition is equivalent to a zero-sum game with
432:
185:
115:
1136:
2462:
2358:
2226:
Windows defender ATP detects '77,000 active web shells, spread across 46,000 infected servers'.
1994:(31 Aug 2023) SilentBarker 'watchdog' to be 'exponential' leap in DoD monitoring of Chinese, Russian sats
1987:(31 Aug 2023) The US Satellite Intelligence Agency is not so silent about the new "Silent Barker" mission
2823:
2109:
Associated Press (10 May 2021) US invokes emergency powers after cyberattack shuts crucial fuel pipeline
1913:(30 January 2020) A Russian "Inspector" spacecraft now appears to be shadowing an American spy satellite
260:
1836:
1482:
Matthew
Rothenberg (6/19/2019) For the industrial Internet of Things, defense in depth is a requirement
321:
2387:
2333:
Transparency At
Different Levels of Scale: Convergence between Information Artifacts and Social Worlds
2737:
2677:
2667:
2637:
1703:
Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (17 September 2018) Trump Eases Cyber Ops, But Safeguards Remain: Joint Staff
1212:"From long-range fires to countering drones, the Army looks to link weapons systems across the force"
326:
615:
482:
is the condition of deadlock between antagonists, sometimes measured by the distance between them (
255:
154:
131:
35:
472:
in the continuum. In 2020, Donald Stoker and Craig Whiteside cautioned that for strategists, the "
2828:
2380:
1565:
448:
373:
286:
71:
2359:"Finland is winning the war on fake news. What it's learned may be crucial to Western democracy"
1270:"Blurred Lines: Gray-zone conflict and hybrid war – Two failures of American strategic thinking"
779:
2388:(11 Apr 2022) Russian spy chief 'thrown in jail' as Vladimir Putin 'turns on security officials
1770:(29 Sep 2021) THE U.S.-AUSTRALIAN ALLIANCE NEEDS A STRATEGY TO DETER CHINA'S GRAY-ZONE COERCION
822:
model). Specifically, MDO can offer options short of war, which can defuse armed conflict from
2525:
2492:
2027:
1338:
579:
543:
483:
281:
245:
219:
149:
81:
2346:(13 Feb 2022) Ukrainian president clarifies 'ironic' claim that Russia to attack on Wednesday
2041:(16 October 2018) Russia's strategy, ISIS' future & countering China: CJCS Dunford speaks
1963:(September 23, 2019) NATO's not ready for Saudi-Style drone attacks; 'It's a serious problem'
2714:
2705:
2586:
2500:
2012:
Putin calls Russian mercenaries private contractors, claims they are not 'engaged in combat'
2007:
1654:
1005:
952:
873:
804:
551:
547:
473:
550:
its power to the Es as a substitute for battle with them. If A's power can remain leashed (
2731:
2565:
2302:
1757:
1413:
1231:"In the beginning, there was competition: The old idea behind the new American way of war"
924:. Alternatively, adversaries are deterred from military conflict against the protagonist.
566:
are also optional possibilities on a continuum of possible conflict between A and the Es.
506:
417:
333:
240:
224:
164:
2376:(26 September 2019) At Least 70 Countries Have Had Disinformation Campaigns, Study Finds
1951:(14 June 2019) Centcom confirms Reaper shoot-down, says Iran and Houthis fired at drones
2804:
2560:
2540:
2520:
2455:
2405:
1808:"Hypersonic weapons are the center of a new arms race between China, the US and Russia"
1651:
Sgt. LaShic Patterson (August 6, 2019) 2/2CR unloads vehicles at the Poti port for AS19
1397:
897:
774:
555:
306:
2297:
Apr 2021) US investigating possible mysterious directed energy attack near White House
2275:
1714:
Mark Pomerleau (8 May 2019) New authorities mean lots of new missions at Cyber Command
1288:
2817:
2550:
2545:
2515:
2345:
2147:
A probe of the grid was detected by Department of Energy, as reported in April 2019:
1925:
1638:
1607:
917:
913:
691:
487:
436:
428:
358:
348:
159:
17:
2321:(05/10/2021) Russian spy unit suspected of directed-energy attacks on U.S. personnel
2262:(20 September 2019) Army's new chief looks to prep the force for large-scale combat
1862:(28 Jun 2022) US military's mysterious X-37B space plane zooms toward orbital record
2754:
2530:
2071:
1919:
1520:
841:
can change its orbit; this capability has military applications. On July 15, 2020,
815:
583:
353:
204:
61:
1534:
538:
can be the mutual recognition that power need not be used to destroy one another (
2332:
1989:
is NRO's GSSAP maneuverable replacement, will keep custody of tracked vehicles.
1901:(Aug 9th 2020) A Russian satellite weapon shows the danger of hazy rules in space
2783:
2570:
2535:
1850:"Mysterious Air Force space plane spent 719 days in orbit breaking records"
1828:
1553:
1110:
921:
865:
838:
699:
687:
683:
465:
424:
368:
363:
316:
194:
174:
110:
76:
51:
42:
2200:"An 'off-the-shelf, skeleton project': Experts analyze the app that broke Iowa"
1782:(24 Jan 2019) Hack, Jam, Sense, & Shoot: Army Creates 1st Multi-Domain Unit
1332:
2371:
2208:
Iowa Reporter App: 'the app was clearly done by someone following a tutorial.'
2162:"Security news this week: An unprecedented cyberattack hit US power utilities"
1751:(October 1, 2018) Applying Multi-Domain Concepts Against Counter-Space Threats
1738:
1690:
1584:
1454:
Yasuhito Tanaka (9 Sep 2018) On zero-sum game formulation of non zero-sum game
771:
Reorganization plan of United States Army § Multi-domain operations (MDO)
563:
559:
534:
of A would result, temporarily. In other confrontations between A and the Es,
2138:
Protecting electricity supply. Compromised infrastructure by rival providers.
1693:
Estimates 800 current DoD bases, but some of them are transitory. Video clip.
1597:(23 Mar 2022) Multidomain operations concept will become doctrine this summer
2174:
1739:(Sep 16, 2015) Perkins discusses operationalizing the Army Operating Concept
1678:(June 13, 2019) Poland Deal Lays Groundwork For Division-Strength Deployment
909:
823:
525:
301:
214:
209:
199:
88:
1466:(3 May 2022) Defense leaders say Russia learning from mistakes in Ukraine:
2331:
Star, Susan Leigh; Bowker, Geoffrey C.; Neumann, Laura J. (August 1997). "
2222:"Microsoft says it detects 77,000 active web shells on a daily basis"
1889:(23 July 2020) Russian Sat Spits Out High-Speed Object In Likely ASAT Test
2505:
1869:"Skywatcher snaps picture of top secret U.S. Air Force X-37B space plane"
1726:(September 17, 2019) Cyber teams deploying to safeguard national security
819:
531:
521:
players have lost in total), in order to attain a desired global policy.
140:
105:
2441:
Chief of Staff paper #2 (1 March 2021) The Army in Military Competition
2401:
1915:
1621:– General explanation of multi-domain operations (MDO) for the layman.
1337:(60th anniversary commemorative ed.). Princeton University Press.
1036:
846:
703:
444:
56:
2419:
1585:
Army Operating Concept: Win in a Complex World —Gen. David G. Perkins
1453:
889:
885:
695:
439:), and lets users specify any point on a scale between cooperation,
2264:
40th CSA mulls deployments for Large-Scale Combat Operations – LSCO
2121:(27 May 2021) DHS Cyber Order Signals Shift To 'Mandatory Measures'
2072:(8 May 2021) Cyber attack shuts down top U.S. fuel pipeline network
2478:
2096:(10 May 2021) U.S. Blames Criminal Group in Colonial Pipeline Hack
2054:"Putin swallows irritation at Erdogan as Syria clash strains ties"
1825:
995:
Simplest 2-player Nonzero Sum Game: Book review by Copeland (1945)
854:
850:
835:
778:
591:
440:
2198:
Koebler, Jason; Cox, Joseph; Maiberg, Emanuel (5 February 2020).
826:
into deterrence, compromise, or cooperation between competitors.
1443:
III "Multi-Domain Battle The Advent of Twenty-First Century War"
2451:
2153:"Energy resilience key to multi-domain operations, leaders say"
1625:– Overview video 7:41 illustrating TRADOC pamphlet TP 525-3-1.
869:
587:
169:
66:
2283:"10 Drones attack Saudi Arabia's oil and gas facilities"
2244:"Fog of information war: Army asks civilians, allies for aid"
1399:
Theory of Games and Economic Behavior [archived copy]
2175:"Report reveals play-by-play of first U.S. grid cyberattack"
1939:(21 June 2019) Vox Sentences: The strike that never happened
1331:
von Neumann, John; Morgenstern, Oskar (25 June 2005) .
814:(MDO), which involve more than an army in a theater of war (
1519:. The Institute for Global Leadership. 2001. Archived from
888:, and conflicts of their underlying narratives can lead to
2155:. Army News Service. United States Department of the Army.
864:
Destruction of infrastructure such as fuel pipelines, the
1326:
1324:
2447:
2276:"Saudi Arabia oil facilities ablaze after drone strikes"
1691:(27 August 2019) The US' Overseas Military Base Strategy
1289:"What should I wear to the war? Formal vs. informal war"
1159:"OPIR missile warning sats plow ahead amid $ $ turmoil"
2390:
150 FSB (successor to KGB) officers have been dismissed
1418:
Mobilizing Resources for War: The economic alternatives
1308:, Noun: A deadlocked confrontation between antagonists.
1295:. West Point, NY: United States Department of the Army.
1237:. West Point, NY: United States Department of the Army.
469:
1806:
Morganteen, Jeff; Miller, Andrea (26 September 2019).
1310:
1109:. The University of Iowa. 26 July 2007. Archived from
991:
989:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1190:"Levels of War: Strategic, Operational, and Tactical"
928:
adversary for mutual advantage with the protagonist.
582:
was a Quaker sociologist influenced by the events of
1768:ASHLEY TOWNSHEND, THOMAS LONERGAN, AND TOBY WARDEN
2776:
2753:
2698:
2691:
2625:
2579:
2485:
2344:MICHAEL STARR, AARON REICH, REUTERS Jerusalem Post
2018:, published 22 June 2019, accessed 14 December 2023
1608:
Douglas A. Ollivant (June 17, 2019) On Will and War
1539:(audio). WorldView. Chicago, IL: WBEZ. 16 May 1999.
1502:(4th ed.). Madison, WI: Brown & Benchmark.
1396:von Neumann, John; Morgenstern, Oskar (1944).
1372:"Book review of von Neumann and Morgenstern,
1130:
1128:
1060:In 2018 new cyber authorities were granted under
1031:
1029:
1027:
1619:MDO Challenge (15 May 2019) *Start here* MDO 101
1433:
1431:
1429:
1427:
427:originally posited only a winner and a loser (a
1251:Joint Concept for Integrated Campaigning (JCIC)
900:could be a tactic in the spectrum of conflict.
2411:Chapter XIII, Commentary on Sun-Tzu's text in
2242:Freedberg, Sydney J. Jr. (24 September 2019).
2052:Meyer, Henry; Kozok, Firat (6 February 2020).
1837:"Here's how the X-37B spaceplane 'disappears'"
974:
972:
970:
2463:
1641:of European alliances, partners, competitors.
1383:Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society
393:
8:
2418:See also the Lionel Giles translation, 1910
1144:Notices of the American Mathematical Society
2236:
2234:
1653:– Agile Spirit 19: Vaziani Military Base,
1536:Andra Medea interviewed by Jerome McDonnell
1064:(NSPM) 13; persistent cyber engagements at
509:'s terminology (more commonly known as the
2695:
2470:
2456:
2448:
1570:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1548:
1546:
1498:Hocker, Joyce; Wilmot, William W. (1995).
1493:
1491:
1489:
1135:Sethi, Rajiv; Weibull, Jörgen (May 2016).
461:
400:
386:
31:
2134:"Winning the U.S. military's 'away game'"
1268:Stoker, Donald; Whiteside, Craig (2020).
1257:. Joint Doctrine. 3 June 2019. Note 1-19.
1062:National Security Presidential Memorandum
464:itself, as explored in the United States
1511:
1509:
978:von Neumann and Morgenstern (1944)
2436:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2428:
1728:Gen. Nakasone's report on cyber to AUSA
1098:
1082:
1080:
1078:
966:
941:
892:, sometimes resulting in depression or
605:This is Boulding's conflict continuum:
513:), this global profit (or loss) of the
268:
232:
184:
139:
123:
41:
34:
2132:Eaglen, Mackenzie (27 November 2019).
1623:Multi Domain Operations – Oct. 2, 2019
1563:
1276:. Vol. 73, no. 1. Article 4.
947:
945:
447:, contest, crisis, and conflict among
312:Forum (alternative dispute resolution)
1374:Theory of Games and Economic Behavior
1334:Theory of Games and Economic Behavior
981:Theory of Games and Economic Behavior
830:air, land, space, and cyber domains.
431:) in a conflict, but was extended to
7:
2220:Cimpanu, Catalin (5 February 2020).
764:
2794:List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates
2726:Conventional Forces in Europe (CFE)
2319:LARA SELIGMAN and ANDREW DESIDERIO
2173:Sobczak, Blake (6 September 2019).
575:Elise Boulding's conflict continuum
2295:Katie Bo Williams and Jeremy Herb
1724:Gary Sheftick, Army News Service,
1157:Hitchens, Theresa (19 June 2019).
594:, she posited a continuum between
574:
491:antagonists in a non-zero sum game
25:
2683:List of periods of regional peace
1437:Gen. David G. Perkins, U.S. Army
1370:Copeland, Arthur H. (July 1945).
677:
470:Perkins' connection to deterrence
2151:Suits, Devon L. (13 June 2019).
1867:Georgiu, Aristos (8 July 2019).
1848:Dube, Aakarsh (28 August 2019).
1784:an MDO BN for Targeting, I Corps
1385:(Book review). pp. 498–504.
1287:Junge, Michael (10 March 2020).
1019:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
1835:Mizokami, Kyle (24 July 2019).
1210:South, Todd (24 January 2020).
1137:"What is ... Nash Equilibrium?"
678:Andra Medea's types of conflict
2357:Mackintosh, Eliza (May 2019).
2285:. BBC News. 15 September 2019.
2278:. BBC News. 14 September 2019.
2160:Barrett, Brian (9 July 2019).
1229:McCoy, Kelly (11 April 2018).
765:Perkins' continuum of conflict
416:is a model or concept various
277:Alternative dispute resolution
1:
1856:. Mashable India. Ziff Davis.
1416:; Shaw, E.S. Tarshis (1951).
1199:. Curtis LeMay Center. 2015.
876:, or confidence in national
627:Threat systems (deterrence)
540:mutually assured destruction
462:continuum within competition
2607:Environmental peacebuilding
1146:. Vol. 63, no. 5.
435:(a win-win situation and a
2850:
2834:Peace and conflict studies
2715:Vienna + Moscow Mechanisms
2556:Religion and peacebuilding
2511:Peace and conflict studies
768:
497:+1 antagonists, where the
423:The mathematical model of
344:Peace and conflict studies
251:Mutual assured destruction
2802:
1676:Sydney J. Freedberg, Jr.
1560:. Chicago, IL. p. 1.
1248:"Competition Continuum".
27:Concept in social science
2617:Territorial peace theory
2612:Infrastructure for Peace
1996:in geosynchronous orbits
1780:Sydney J. Freedberg Jr.
1291:. Modern War Institute.
1274:Naval War College Review
1233:. Modern War Institute.
570:Various continuum models
339:Non-aggression principle
297:Conflict style inventory
101:Nonviolent Communication
2789:List of peace activists
2602:Democratic peace theory
2592:Complex system approach
1749:Maj. Richard W. Gibson
812:multi-domain operations
642:Negotiation (exchange)
186:International relations
116:Speaking truth to power
2626:Regional peacebuilding
2420:XIII. THE USE OF SPIES
2030:in Syria, January 2018
1831:can change its orbit:
1558:The Conflict Continuum
1500:Interpersonal Conflict
807:
511:Kaldor–Hicks criterion
1756:20 April 2019 at the
1689:Wendover Productions
1107:"Conflict Management"
1068:are the new norm for
904:Competition continuum
782:
686:seeks to explain how
596:wars of extermination
261:Nuclear proliferation
18:Continuum of conflict
2738:Treaty on Open Skies
1179:unclassified version
916:), and 3) indirect (
783:Conflict continuum:
616:War of extermination
542:). Instead, A might
327:Paradox of tolerance
2386:Nataliya Vasilyeva
2374:and Adam Satariano
2248:breakingdefense.com
1317:. 13 February 2022.
1163:breakingdefense.com
787:short of conflict,
256:Nuclear disarmament
155:Conflict escalation
132:Conflict management
36:Conflict resolution
2597:Conflict continuum
2413:Small Wars Journal
2381:The New York Times
1911:Joseph Trevithick
1887:Theresa Hitchens
1004:In game theory, a
808:
647:Mutual adaptation
414:conflict continuum
374:Track II diplomacy
322:Prisoner's dilemma
292:Conflict continuum
287:Conflict avoidance
72:Dispute resolution
2811:
2810:
2749:
2748:
2648:Jammu and Kashmir
2526:Peace enforcement
2493:Anti-war movement
2196:Koebler, et. al.
2028:Battle of Khasham
1992:Theresa Hitchens
1841:Popular Mechanics
1793:Caitlin Doornbos
1175:James McConville
1113:on 2 October 2010
874:financial markets
750:
749:
702:, and even whole
671:
670:
580:Elise M. Boulding
484:standoff distance
437:non-zero sum game
410:
409:
282:Anti-war movement
246:Nuclear blackmail
150:Communal violence
16:(Redirected from
2841:
2768:Index by country
2706:Helsinki Accords
2699:post-WWII Europe
2696:
2692:Peace mechanisms
2663:Northern Ireland
2643:Israel–Palestine
2587:Capitalist peace
2501:Cost of conflict
2472:
2465:
2458:
2449:
2443:
2438:
2423:
2399:
2393:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2354:
2348:
2342:
2336:
2329:
2323:
2317:
2311:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2279:
2271:
2265:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2238:
2229:
2228:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2194:
2188:
2182:
2169:
2156:
2145:
2139:
2137:
2129:
2123:
2119:Brad D Williams
2117:
2111:
2105:
2099:
2092:
2086:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2049:
2043:
2037:
2031:
2025:
2019:
2008:Voice of America
2005:
1999:
1983:
1977:
1973:Joanna Thompson
1971:
1965:
1959:
1953:
1947:
1941:
1935:
1929:
1909:
1903:
1897:
1891:
1885:
1879:
1876:
1857:
1844:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1803:
1797:
1791:
1785:
1778:
1772:
1766:
1760:
1747:
1741:
1735:
1729:
1722:
1716:
1711:
1705:
1700:
1694:
1687:
1681:
1674:
1668:
1663:
1657:
1655:Tbilisi, Georgia
1648:
1642:
1632:
1626:
1616:
1610:
1605:
1599:
1593:
1587:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1569:
1561:
1550:
1541:
1540:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1523:on 26 July 2011.
1513:
1504:
1503:
1495:
1484:
1479:
1473:
1462:
1456:
1451:
1445:
1435:
1422:
1421:
1414:Scitovsky, Tibor
1410:
1404:
1403:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1380:
1367:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1328:
1319:
1318:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1207:
1201:
1200:
1194:
1186:
1180:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1141:
1132:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1103:
1088:
1084:
1073:
1070:cyber operations
1058:
1052:
1033:
1022:
1017:In light of the
1015:
1009:
1006:Nash equilibrium
1002:
996:
993:
984:
976:
955:
953:Nash equilibrium
949:
872:network, or the
805:David G. Perkins
791:itself, and the
713:
712:
690:, small groups,
612:
611:
586:. Examining how
520:
516:
504:
500:
496:
490:
402:
395:
388:
32:
21:
2849:
2848:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2839:
2838:
2814:
2813:
2812:
2807:
2798:
2772:
2745:
2732:Vienna Document
2687:
2653:Kurdish/Turkish
2621:
2575:
2566:War termination
2481:
2476:
2446:
2439:
2426:
2400:
2396:
2370:
2366:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2343:
2339:
2330:
2326:
2318:
2314:
2303:Havana syndrome
2294:
2290:
2281:
2280:
2274:
2272:
2268:
2260:Kyle Rempfer
2259:
2255:
2241:
2239:
2232:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2172:
2159:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2118:
2114:
2106:
2102:
2093:
2089:
2081:
2077:
2069:
2065:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2039:James Kitfield
2038:
2034:
2026:
2022:
2006:
2002:
1984:
1980:
1972:
1968:
1960:
1956:
1949:Paul McCleary
1948:
1944:
1936:
1932:
1910:
1906:
1898:
1894:
1886:
1882:
1866:
1860:David, Leonard
1854:in.mashable.com
1847:
1834:
1823:
1819:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1792:
1788:
1779:
1775:
1767:
1763:
1758:Wayback Machine
1748:
1744:
1736:
1732:
1723:
1719:
1712:
1708:
1701:
1697:
1688:
1684:
1675:
1671:
1664:
1660:
1649:
1645:
1633:
1629:
1617:
1613:
1606:
1602:
1594:
1590:
1583:
1579:
1562:
1552:
1551:
1544:
1533:
1532:
1528:
1515:
1514:
1507:
1497:
1496:
1487:
1480:
1476:
1463:
1459:
1452:
1448:
1441:Military Review
1436:
1425:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1402:(1st ed.).
1395:
1394:
1390:
1378:
1369:
1368:
1359:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1330:
1329:
1322:
1309:
1304:
1300:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1254:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1197:doctrine.af.mil
1192:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1174:
1170:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1139:
1134:
1133:
1126:
1116:
1114:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1085:
1076:
1059:
1055:
1034:
1025:
1016:
1012:
1003:
999:
994:
987:
977:
968:
964:
959:
958:
950:
943:
938:
906:
890:social disorder
799:, possibly via
777:
767:
718:Problem Solving
680:
667:Transformation
577:
572:
518:
514:
507:Tibor Scitovsky
502:
498:
494:
488:
457:
406:
334:Liaison officer
241:Nuclear warfare
225:Multilateralism
165:Just war theory
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2847:
2845:
2837:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2816:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2780:
2778:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2770:
2765:
2759:
2757:
2755:Peace treaties
2751:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2743:
2742:
2741:
2735:
2729:
2720:
2719:
2718:
2709:
2702:
2700:
2693:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2629:
2627:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2583:
2581:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2561:Separate peace
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2541:Peace movement
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2521:Peace congress
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2489:
2487:
2483:
2482:
2477:
2475:
2474:
2467:
2460:
2452:
2445:
2444:
2424:
2406:The Art of War
2394:
2392:
2391:
2364:
2349:
2337:
2324:
2312:
2310:
2309:
2288:
2266:
2253:
2230:
2212:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2183:
2170:
2157:
2140:
2124:
2112:
2100:
2087:
2075:
2063:
2044:
2032:
2020:
2016:Polygraph.info
2000:
1998:
1997:
1978:
1966:
1954:
1942:
1937:Catherine Kim
1930:
1904:
1899:The Economist
1892:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1864:
1858:
1845:
1817:
1798:
1786:
1773:
1761:
1742:
1730:
1717:
1706:
1695:
1682:
1669:
1658:
1643:
1627:
1611:
1600:
1588:
1577:
1542:
1526:
1505:
1485:
1474:
1472:
1471:
1464:Lolita Baldor
1457:
1446:
1423:
1405:
1388:
1357:
1343:
1320:
1298:
1279:
1260:
1240:
1221:
1202:
1181:
1168:
1149:
1124:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1089:
1074:
1053:
1049:armed conflict
1023:
1010:
997:
985:
965:
963:
960:
957:
956:
940:
939:
937:
934:
905:
902:
898:disinformation
813:
775:Hybrid warfare
766:
763:
754:
753:
752:
751:
748:
747:
741:
740:
738:
736:Blind Behavior
732:
731:
729:
723:
722:
720:
679:
676:
675:
674:
673:
672:
669:
668:
664:
663:
659:
658:
654:
653:
649:
648:
644:
643:
639:
638:
634:
633:
629:
628:
624:
623:
619:
618:
601:
600:transformation
597:
576:
573:
571:
568:
456:
453:
418:social science
408:
407:
405:
404:
397:
390:
382:
379:
378:
377:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
330:
329:
324:
314:
309:
307:Family therapy
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
271:
270:
266:
265:
264:
263:
258:
253:
248:
243:
235:
234:
230:
229:
228:
227:
222:
217:
212:
207:
202:
197:
189:
188:
182:
181:
180:
179:
178:
177:
167:
162:
157:
152:
144:
143:
137:
136:
135:
134:
126:
125:
121:
120:
119:
118:
113:
108:
103:
98:
97:
96:
94:Party-directed
86:
85:
84:
79:
74:
64:
59:
54:
46:
45:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2846:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2806:
2801:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2775:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2752:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2711:human rights
2710:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2697:
2694:
2690:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2624:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2578:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2551:Peace symbols
2549:
2547:
2546:Peace process
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2516:Peacebuilding
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2473:
2468:
2466:
2461:
2459:
2454:
2453:
2450:
2442:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2403:
2398:
2395:
2389:
2385:
2384:
2383:
2382:
2377:
2373:
2368:
2365:
2360:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2341:
2338:
2334:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2316:
2313:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2292:
2289:
2284:
2277:
2270:
2267:
2263:
2257:
2254:
2249:
2245:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2216:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2193:
2190:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2158:
2154:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2141:
2135:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2104:
2101:
2097:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2067:
2064:
2059:
2058:bloomberg.com
2055:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2036:
2033:
2029:
2024:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2004:
2001:
1995:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:Paul McLeary
1958:
1955:
1952:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1926:Hall thruster
1921:
1917:
1914:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1884:
1881:
1874:
1870:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1821:
1818:
1813:
1809:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1790:
1787:
1783:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1755:
1752:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1734:
1731:
1727:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1699:
1696:
1692:
1686:
1683:
1679:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1652:
1647:
1644:
1640:
1639:Euler diagram
1636:
1631:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1581:
1578:
1573:
1567:
1559:
1555:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1538:
1537:
1530:
1527:
1522:
1518:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1501:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1478:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1424:
1419:
1415:
1409:
1406:
1401:
1400:
1392:
1389:
1384:
1377:
1375:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1346:
1344:9780691130613
1340:
1336:
1335:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1299:
1294:
1290:
1283:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1264:
1261:
1253:
1252:
1244:
1241:
1236:
1232:
1225:
1222:
1217:
1213:
1206:
1203:
1198:
1191:
1185:
1182:
1178:
1172:
1169:
1164:
1160:
1153:
1150:
1145:
1138:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1112:
1108:
1102:
1099:
1093:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1066:Cyber Command
1063:
1057:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1001:
998:
992:
990:
986:
983:
982:
975:
973:
971:
967:
961:
954:
948:
946:
942:
935:
933:
929:
925:
923:
919:
915:
912:, 2) direct (
911:
903:
901:
899:
895:
891:
887:
884:Conflicts of
882:
879:
878:law and order
875:
871:
867:
862:
858:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
837:
831:
827:
825:
821:
817:
811:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
781:
776:
772:
762:
758:
746:
745:Rogue Messiah
742:
739:
737:
733:
730:
728:
724:
721:
719:
715:
714:
711:
710:
709:
708:
707:
705:
701:
697:
693:
692:organizations
689:
685:
666:
665:
661:
660:
657:Co-operation
656:
655:
651:
650:
646:
645:
641:
640:
636:
635:
631:
630:
626:
625:
621:
620:
617:
614:
613:
610:
609:
608:
607:
606:
603:
599:
595:
593:
589:
585:
581:
569:
567:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
528:
527:
522:
512:
508:
492:
485:
481:
477:
475:
471:
467:
463:
454:
452:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
429:zero-sum game
426:
421:
419:
415:
403:
398:
396:
391:
389:
384:
383:
381:
380:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
359:Peacebuilding
357:
355:
352:
350:
349:Peace process
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
328:
325:
323:
320:
319:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
274:
273:
272:
267:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
238:
237:
236:
231:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
192:
191:
190:
187:
183:
176:
173:
172:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
160:De-escalation
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2784:Peaceworker
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2658:Middle East
2571:World peace
2536:Peacemaking
2168:. Security.
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1829:space plane
1637:– Includes
1595:Jen Judson
1350:25 February
1117:30 November
1041:competition
951:A state of
922:protagonist
866:energy grid
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839:space plane
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785:competition
700:ethnicities
688:individuals
684:Andra Medea
466:Joint Staff
433:cooperation
425:game theory
369:Rule of man
364:Peacemaking
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195:Appeasement
111:Negotiation
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2818:Categories
2496:(category)
2372:Davey Alba
2179:eenews.net
1315:wiktionary
1311:"Standoff"
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1094:References
801:deterrence
769:See also:
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564:hard power
560:soft power
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1566:cite book
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1087:(Turkey).
962:Footnotes
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474:gray zone
302:Democracy
215:Diplomacy
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200:Armistice
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1873:Newsweek
1754:Archived
1737:YouTube
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1306:Standoff
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894:suicide
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855:X-37B
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