Contra dance - Knowledge (XXG)

715:). Dancers do not need to memorize these patterns in advance, since the dance leader, or caller, will generally explain the pattern for this dance before the music begins, and give people a chance to walk through the pattern so dancers can learn the moves. The walk through also helps dancers understand how the dance pattern leads them toward new people each time. Once the music starts, the caller continues to describe each move until the dancers are comfortable with that dance pattern. The dance progression is built into the contra dance pattern as continuous motion with the music, and does not interrupt the dancing. While all dancers in the room are part of the same dance pattern, half of the couples in the room are moving toward the band at any moment and half are moving away, so when everybody steps forward, they find new people to dance with. Once a couple reaches the end of the set, they switch direction, dancing back along the set the other way. 1050:

with some northeastern bands. In the Celtic repertoires it is common to change keys with each tune. A set might start with a tune in G, switch to a tune in D, and end with a tune in Bm. Here, D is related to G as its dominant (5th), while D and Bm share a key signature of two sharps. In the old-time tradition the musicians will either play the same tune for the whole dance, or switch to tunes in the same key. This is because the tunings of the five-string banjo are key-specific. An old-time band might play a set of tunes in D, then use the time between dances to retune for a set of tunes in A. (Fiddlers also may take this opportunity to retune; tune- or key-specific fiddle tunings are uncommon in American Anglo-Celtic traditions other than old-time.)

829:, each 16 counts (8 measures) long. The parts are called A1, A2, B1 and B2. This nomenclature stems from the music: Most contra dance tunes (as written) have two parts (A and B), each 8 measures long, and each fitting one part of the dance. The A and B parts are each played twice in a row, hence, A1, A2, B1, B2. While the same music is generally played in, for example, parts A1 and A2, distinct choreography is followed in those parts. Thus, a contra dance is typically 64 counts, and goes with a 32 measure tune. Tunes of this form are called "square"; tunes that deviate from this form are called " 109: 507:

dance, the dancers thank their partners. The contra dance tradition in North America is to change partners for every dance, while in the United Kingdom typically people dance with the same partner the entire evening. One who attends an evening of contra dances in North America does not need to bring his or her own partner. In the short break between individual dances, the dancers invite each other to dance. Booking ahead by asking partner or partners ahead of time for each individual dance is common at some venues, but has been discouraged by some.

105:, called "figures," in the dance before the music starts. In a single dance, a caller may include anywhere from six to twelve figures, which are repeated as couples progress up and down the lines. Each time through the dance takes 64 beats, after which the pattern is repeated. The essence of the dance is in following the pattern with your set and your line; since there is no required footwork, many people find contra dance easier to learn than other forms of social dancing. 431: 1141:, and Washington state. They also sometimes appear as late night events during contra dance weekends. In response to the demand for techno contra, a number of contra dance callers have developed repertoires of recorded songs to play that go well with particular contra dances; these callers are known as DJs. A kind of techno/traditional contra fusion has arisen, with at least one band, Buddy System, playing live music melded with 1106: 3214: 503:

orally, and sometimes augments them with demonstrations of steps by experienced dancers in the group. The walk-through usually proceeds in the order of the moves as they will be done with the music; in some dances, the caller may vary the order of moves during the dance, a fact that is usually explained as part of the caller's instructions.

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twentieth century, there has been a shift towards improper dances, in which gents and ladies alternate on each side of the set, being the most common formation. Triple dances have also lost popularity in modern contras, while Becket formation, in which dancers stand next to their partners, facing another couple, is a modern innovation.

242:. As time progressed, these dances returned to England and were spread and reinterpreted in the United States, and eventually the French form of the name came to be associated with the American folk dances, where they were alternatively called "country dances" or in some parts of New England such as New Hampshire, "contradances". 511: 31: 952: 205: 1333:

with which the English word was confused and ran together, is not tenable; no trace of the name has been found in French before its appearance as an adaptation of the English. But new dances of this type were subsequently brought out in France, and introduced into England with the Frenchified form of

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In recent years, younger contra dancers have begun establishing "crossover contra" or "techno contra" – contra dancing to techno, hip-hop, and other modern forms of music. While challenging for DJs and callers, the fusion of contra patterns with moves from hip-hop, tango, and other forms of dance has

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A fundamental aspect of contra dancing is that, during a single dance, each dancer has one partner, but interacts with many different people. During a single dance, the same pattern is repeated over and over (one time through lasts roughly 30 seconds), but each time, a pair of dancers will dance with

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Most contra dances do not have an expected dress code. No special outfits are worn, but comfortable and loose-fitting clothing that does not restrict movement is usually recommended. Women usually wear skirts or dresses as they are cooler than wearing trousers; some men also dance in kilts or skirts.

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Generally, a leader, known as a caller, will teach each individual dance just before the music for that dance begins. During this introductory walk-through, participants learn the dance by walking through the steps and formations, following the caller's instructions. The caller gives the instructions

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Contra dances were fashionable in the United States and were considered one of the most popular social dances across class lines in the late 18th century, though these events were usually referred to as "country dances" until the 1780s, when the term contra dance became more common to describe these

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Dudley began calling Prince William and Childgrove, among others, at the Dudley dances. Ted was writing more and more contras and triplets with English figures (including heys and gypsies).Soon the contra tradition, via Ted and Dudley and others, would embrace the figures, flow, and faster tempos

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Until the 1970s it was traditional to play a single tune for the duration of a contra dance (about 5 to 10 minutes). Since then, contra dance musicians have typically played tunes in sets of two or three related (and sometimes contrasting) tunes, though single-tune dances are again becoming popular

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As in any social dance, cooperation is vital to contra dancing. Since over the course of any single dance, individuals interact with not just their partners but everyone else in the set, contra dancing might be considered a group activity. As will necessarily be the case when beginners are welcomed

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Many callers and bands perform for local contra dances, and some are hired to play for dances around the U.S. and Canada. Many dancers travel regionally (or even nationally) to contra dance weekends and week-long contra dance camps, where they can expect to find other dedicated and skilled dancers,

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After the walk-through, the music begins and the dancers repeat that sequence some number of times before that dance ends, often 10 to 15 minutes, depending on the length of the contra lines. Calls are normally given at least the first few times through, and often for the last. At the end of each

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Tunes used for a contra dance are nearly always "square" 64-beat tunes, in which one time through the tune is each of two 16-beat parts played twice (this is notated AABB). However, any 64-beat tune will do; for instance, three 8-beat parts could be played AABB AACC, or two 8-beat parts and one

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A single dance runs around ten minutes, long enough to progress at least 15–20 times. If the sets are short to medium length the caller often tries to run the dance until each couple has danced with every other couple both as a one and a two and returned to where they started. A typical room of

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formations. Traditionally, most dances were in the proper formation, with all the gents in one line and all the ladies in the other. Until the end of the nineteenth century, minor sets were most commonly triples. In the twentieth century, duple-minor dances became more common. Since the mid

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specifies the dance formation, the figures, and the sequence of those figures in a dance. Contra dance figures (with a few exceptions) do not have defined footwork; within the limits of the music and the comfort of their fellow dancers, individuals move according to their own taste.

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contra dancers may include about 120 people; but this varies from 30 people in smaller towns, to over 300 people in cities like Washington DC, Los Angeles, or New York. With longer sets (more than 60 people), one dance typically does not allow dancing with every dancer in the group.

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couples, and the couples form sets of two couples in long lines starting from the stage and going down the length of the dance hall. Throughout the course of a dance, couples progress up and down these lines, dancing with each other couple in the line. The dance is led by a

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in by more practiced dancers, mistakes are made; most dancers are willing to help beginners in learning the steps. However, because the friendly, social nature of the dances can be misinterpreted or even abused, some groups have created anti-harassment policies.

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Contra dance events are open to all, regardless of experience, unless explicitly labeled otherwise. It is common to see dancers with a wide range of ages, from children to the elderly. Most dancers are white and middle or upper-middle class. Contra dances are

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The New England contra dance tradition was also maintained in Vermont by the Ed Larkin Old Time Contra Dancers, formed by Edwin Loyal Larkin in 1934. The group Larkin founded is still performing, teaching the dances, and holding monthly open house dances in

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made this form of contra dance a rising trend since 2008. Techno differs from other contra dancing in that it is usually done to recorded music, although there are some bands that play live for techno dances. Techno has become especially prevalent in

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In the Celtic repertoires it is most common for bands to play sets of reels and sets of jigs. However, since the underlying beat structure of jigs and reels is the same (two "counts" per bar) bands will occasionally mix jigs and reels in a set.

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16-beat part could be played AABB CC. Tunes not 64 beats long are called "crooked" and are almost never used for contra dancing, although a few crooked dances have been written as novelties. Contra tunes are played at a narrow range of

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La Chapelle, Peter (2011). "'Dances Partake of the Racial Characteristics of the People Who Dance Them': Nordicism, Antisemitism, and Henry Ford's Old-Time Music and Dance Revival". In Zuckerman, Bruce; Kun, Josh; Ansell, Lisa (eds.).

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Low heeled, broken-in, soft-soled, non-marking shoes, such as dance shoes, sneakers, or sandals, are recommended and, in some places, required. As dancing can be aerobic, dancers are sometimes encouraged to bring a change of clothes.

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consumption is not part of the culture. Many events offer beginner-level instructions prior to the dance. A typical evening of contra dance is three hours long, including an intermission. The event consists of a number of individual

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originating a century ago, to modern compositions including electric guitar, synth keyboard, and driving percussion – so long as the music fits the timing for contra dance patterns. Sometimes, a rock tune will be woven in.

558: 516: 36: 355:, also in Massachusetts, which began in 1944. Pittsburgh Contra Dance celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2015. These and others continue to be popular and some offer other dances and activities besides contra dancing. 208: 731: 363: 957: 735: 734: 730: 729: 366: 365: 362: 360: 736: 367: 2218: 2173: 2128: 555: 422:, who became a notable musician in New England. As musicians and callers moved to other locations, they founded contra dances in Michigan, Washington, Oregon, California, Texas, and elsewhere. 733: 364: 777:, although figures with four or 16 counts are also common. Each dance is a collection of figures assembled to allow the dancers to progress along the set (see "Progression", above). 1108: 4041: 766:

as the figures are danced. As the sequence repeats, the caller may cut down his or her prompting, and eventually drop out, leaving the dancers to each other and the music.

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music caused contra dance to decline in several parts of the US; the tradition carried on primarily in towns within the northeastern portions of North America, such as

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Couples consist of two people, traditionally one male and one female, though same-sex pairs are increasingly common. Traditionally the dancers are referred to as the

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folk dance, contra dances can be found around the world, but are most common in the United States (periodically held in nearly every state), Canada, and other

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preserves a variety of Anglo-American folk traditions in North America, including folk music, folk song, English country dance, contra dance and morris dance.

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are frequently found in the rhythm section of a contra dance band. Occasionally, percussion instruments are also used in contra dancing, such as the Irish

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By the late 19th century, contras were mostly confined to rural settings. This began to change with the square dance revival of the 1920s, pioneered by

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Give-and-Take: A sequel to Zesty Contras, featuring 628 dances in the New England style, provocative remarks, exhortative essays and arcane analysis

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the name, which led some Englishmen to the erroneous notion that the French was the original and correct form, and the English a corruption of it."

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Fiddles are considered to be the primary melody instrument in contra dancing, though other stringed instruments can also be used, such as the

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Swing the Next: A second collection of squares, contras, triplets and circles in the New England tradition, with music for each dance

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Balance and Swing: A collection of fifty-five squares, contras and triplets in the New England tradition with music for each dance

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An event which consists primarily (or solely) of dances in this style is sometimes referred to as a "modern urban contra dance".

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inactives will often clog in place or otherwise participate in the dance, even though the figures do not call for them to move.

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almost single-handedly maintained the New England tradition until it was revitalized in the 1950s and 1960s, particularly by

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no-one stationary for more than 16 beats (e.g. first couple balance and swing, finish facing down to make lines of four)

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A2 (16) Actives down the center, turn individually, come back, and cast off. (The inactives stand still for the first

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Contra dances take place in more than 200 cities and towns across the U.S. (as of 2020), as well as other countries.

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The most common contra dance repertoire is rooted in the Anglo-Celtic tradition as it developed in North America.

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B2 (16) Actives meet in the middle for a balance and swing, end swing facing up. (The inactives stand still.)

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Caller and musician Dudley Laufman, a significant figure in the contra dance revival of the mid-20th century

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Contra dance has European origins, and over 100 years of cultural influences from many different sources.

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The Contra Connection & Basically for Callers: Reprints from the Country Dance and Song Society NEWS

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tunes have also been used. The old-time repertoire includes very few of the jigs common in the others.

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Hast, Dorothea E. (1993). "Performance, Transformation, and Community: Contra Dance in New England".

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Town House, which remains one of the more popular regional dances. The Peterborough dance influenced

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Almost all contra dances are danced to live music. The music played includes, but is not limited to,

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See chapter entitled "Country Dancing," Pages 57 – 120. (The first edition was published in 1939.)

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Attendees of Youth Dance Weekend 2019 dance "Dela Says Yippee" by Dugan Murphy to music by Calluna

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Zesty Contras: A Selection of 500 New England Style Dances with a Provocative Explanatory Text

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Most contra dances consist of a sequence of about 6 to 12 individual figures, prompted by the

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is considered the core instrument, though other stringed instruments can be used, such as the

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A1 (16) Actives down the outside and back. (The inactives stand still or substitute a swing).

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the vast majority of the moves from a set of well-known moves that the dancers know already

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events. In the mid-19th century, group dances started to decline in popularity in favor of

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Good Morning: After a Sleep of Twenty-Five Years, Old-Fashioned Dancing Is Being Revived

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that included several folk dances, including contras. Ford also published a book titled

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See chapter VI, "Frolics for Fun: Dances, Weddings and Dinner Parties, pages 109 – 124.

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of the English and Southern mountain dances, culminating in the "zesty contra" style.

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containing at least one swing and normally both a partner swing and a neighbor swing

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Dance a While: A Handbook for Folk, Square, Contra, and Social Dance, Tenth Edition

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B1 (16) Actives turn contra corners. (The inactives participate in half the turns.)

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Horton, Laurel (2001). "Material Expressions of Communality among Dance Groups".

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Contra dances are arranged in long lines of couples. A pair of lines is called a

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B2 (8) Ladies chain across, (8) half hey, ladies pass right shoulders to start.

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A2 (8) Ladies chain across, (8) half hey, ladies pass right shoulders to start.

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Based in Belgium, promoting contra dance and English dance in Western Europe.

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CONTRA DANCE CHOREOGRAPHY A Reflection of Social Change MARY McNAB DART 1995.

462:, each lasting about 15 minutes, and typically a band intermission with some 3936: 3816: 3764: 2907:(2nd ed.). Northampton, Massachusetts: Country Dance and Song Society. 1673:"Peterborough 1st Saturdays and Special Dances – Monadnock Folklore Society" 1174: 1015: 292: 169: 3396:– interactive, crowd sourced map of contra and folk dances around the world 3309: 3303: 1672: 575:. Sets are generally arranged so they run the length of the hall, with the 414:

In the early 1980s, Tod Whittemore started the first Saturday dance in the

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generally danced to 32 bar jigs or reels played at between 110 and 130 bpm

188:. Music in a dance can consist of a single tune or a medley of tunes, and 3886: 3789: 2460:"Asheville and WNC folks helping grow 'Techno contra' dancing phenomenon" 1007: 305: 177: 161: 3458: 3350: 1870: 1637: 351:, which became primarily a music and dance camp in 1933, and NEFFA, the 343:

By then, early dance camps, retreats, and weekends had emerged, such as

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with music by Elixir and calling by Nils Fredland, Contrastock 4, 2014.

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Peterson, Davis R. (2000). Ray Broadus Browne & Pat Browne (ed.).

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were taken up by French dance masters. The French called these dances

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A BIDA techno contra dance in Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S., in 2022

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from Ireland, Scotland, Canada, or the USA. The tunes may range from

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In the 1970s, Sannella and other callers introduced dance moves from

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influences in the United States. In the 1920s, Ford asked his friend

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with music by ContraForce and calling by Charlotte Crittenden, 2017)

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A Time To Dance: American Country Dancing from Hornpipes to Hot Hash

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Swing Your Partner: Old Time Dances of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia

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external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into

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There are four common ways of arranging couples in the minor sets:

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as elitist; others have used gender-neutral role terms including

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of the set being the end closest to the band and caller, and the

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Puritans at Play: Leisure and Recreation in Colonial New England

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Some of the most popular contra dance bands in recent years are

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Appalachian Dance: Creativity and Continuity in Six Communities

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The song is not the same : Jews and American popular music

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Dawn Dance started in 1976, and continues to run semiannually.

3455:– calendar of social dance events in the UK, including contras 3207: 3166:. Northampton, Massachusetts: Country Dance and Song Society. 3147:. Northampton, Massachusetts: Country Dance and Song Society. 3128:. Northampton, Massachusetts: Country Dance and Song Society. 487: 2495:. No. July–August 2010. Portland Country Dance Community 1344: 1342: 1329:"Littré's theory, that there was already in 17th c. a French 869:, take a step up the hall, and then participate in the cast). 3517:(2 minute look at contra in a few dance halls, see playlist) 3461:– calendar of folk dance events in the UK, including contras 2093:

Pittman, Anne M.; Waller, Marlys S.; Dark, Cathy L. (2015).

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are thrown into the mix, sometimes at the discretion of the

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made up of long lines of couples. It has mixed origins from

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with music by Buddy System and calling by Seth Tepfer, 2019

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on a board while playing an instrument (often the fiddle).

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Modern – the dance is symmetrical for actives and inactives

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Contra Dance Choreography: A Reflection of Social Change

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Contra Dance Choreography: A Reflection of Social Change

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composed mostly of moves that keep all dancers connected

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may not follow Knowledge (XXG)'s policies or guidelines

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Defining concise guide to United States popular culture

1837:"Susan Kevra's Letter to the Greenfield Contra Dancers" 3287: 2805:

Holden, Rickey; Frank Kaltman; Olga Kulbitsky (1997).

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Many modern contra dances have these characteristics:

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online is not free, the relevant excerpt is provided)

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New Hampshire Library of Traditional Music and Dance

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danced with a smooth walk with many spins and twirls

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is a pattern of movement that typically takes eight

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new neighbors (moving on to new neighbors is called

4353: 4040: 3950: 3825: 3715: 3647: 583:of the set being the end farthest from the caller. 92:that one can attend without a partner. The dancers 3459:English Folk Dance and Song Society dance calendar 3085:. Bedford, Massachusetts: Hands Four Productions. 3059: 3433:– Description, Links, videos, and local schedule. 3364:University of New Hampshire Special Collections: 3344:Different traditions and cultures in contra dance 2964:Traditional barn dances with calls & fiddling 2903:Jennings, Larry; Dan Pearl; Ted Sannella (2004). 1390:"Longtime contra dancing program comes to an end" 840:Traditional – the actives do most of the movement 825:Typical contra dance choreography comprises four 434:Contra dancers swing at a Friday night dance at 300:In the 1930s and 1940s, the popularity of jazz, 289:in 1926 detailing steps for some contra dances. 273:, in part as a response in opposition to modern 3323:Contraculture: An introduction to contradancing 1917: 1915: 1913: 1893:"Notes on Calling Contra Dances by Cary Ravitz" 1544:"NEFFA – New England Folk Festival Association" 523:A pandemic era New Year's Eve contra dance in 3597: 2745:. New York & London: Garland Publishing. 27:Social folk dance with mixed European origins 8: 2987:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2961:Laufman, Dudley Laufman, Jacqueline (2009). 2316:"Michael Dyck's Contradance Index: By Title" 1618:(Sandusky, OH: Square Dance Magazine, 1971). 1461:"Ed Larkin dancers head for Tunbridge again" 387:, to the contra dances. New dances, such as 3427:– Look up dances by day-of-week & City. 3421:– Find contra dances using ZIP Code search. 3336:"Now, What in the World is Contra Dancing?" 1430: 1239:"Contra Dance / Contradance in New England" 918:first couples improper, or Becket formation 180:and more. Techno contra dances are done to 3604: 3590: 3582: 3492:, with music by the Great Bear Trio. 2013. 2088: 2086: 61:and other variant spellings) is a form of 3263:Learn how and when to remove this message 2924:Dance and Its Music in America, 1528-1789 1454: 1452: 192:during the course of a dance are common. 112:Musicians play for a contra dance at the 1731: 1418: 1348: 726: 429: 230:At the end of the 17th century, English 29: 3164:Calling Traditional New England Squares 2372: 2360: 2117:Dart 1995, "Choreography and Community" 1755:Perpetual eMotion sing 'Eleanor Rigby' 1291: 1279: 1186: 403:, wrote a quadruple progression dance, 3545:Contra dance in Chattanooga, Tennessee 2980: 2386:"Podorythmie / Quebecoise Podorythmie" 2348: 1743: 1719: 1375: 3282:Country Dance and Song Society (CDSS) 2887:New England Folk Festival Association 2264:"Contra Dance Meets the Culture Wars" 1806: 1804: 1519:"Pinewoods Camp, Inc. : History" 1396:. Heritage Newspapers. Archived from 7: 2300:Changes in Contra Dance Choreography 1795: 1783: 1446:(Sackville, N.B.: The author, 1939). 1363: 1305:"Contre-dance, -danse, contra-dance" 650:. Couples in the same minor set are 3557:Contra dance in Glen Echo, Maryland 2835:. Mel Bay Publications. p. 6. 2262:Reback, Storms (November 1, 2023). 1459:Palmer, Robin (10 September 2003). 902:B1 (16) Partners balance and swing. 896:A1 (16) Neighbors balance and swing 818:time. A count may also be called a 3503:Contra dance in Tacoma, Washington 3083:Contra Dance Calling, A Basic Text 2926:. Hillsdale, NY: Pendragon Press. 2458:Forbes, Jeff (17 September 2011). 1863:"Please ask someone else to dance" 1494:"Contra Dance Tunbridge Town Hall" 25: 3575:Contra Nils Walkthrough and Dance 3563:Contra dance in Pinellas, Florida 3017:Linscott, Eloise Hubbard (1993). 2967:. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. 1925:. Contradance.org. Archived from 1309:Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed 1221:"If you can walk, you can contra" 1145:sounds for techno contra dances. 784:(as used above) is one half of a 678:their neighboring twos; twos are 3490:Contra dance in Oswego, New York 3212: 3187:. University of Illinois Press. 3066:. New York: St. Martin's Press. 2922:Keller, Kate Van Winkle (2007). 2723:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 2673:"Live Electronic - Buddy System" 1388:Lowry, Klint (2 February 2005). 396: 254:, and couple dances such as the 184:music, typically accompanied by 4398:Dance in mythology and religion 3515:The New Contra Dance Commercial 3505:, with music by Crowfoot. 2009. 2097:. Waveland Press. p. 197. 2023:"Social and Community Dynamics" 1923:"CCD - What is Contra Dancing?" 1634:Brattleboro Dawn Dances History 1585:Murrow, Gene (March 15, 1998). 1311:. Oxford University Press. 1989 968:at Youth Dance Weekend 2019 in 316:of Canada, and particularly in 3533:Contra Dancing and New Dancers 3351:Advice to Americans in England 3297:Descriptions & definitions 2289:Nielsen 2011, pp.113–114 2223:Yearbook for Traditional Music 2178:Yearbook for Traditional Music 2133:Yearbook for Traditional Music 2027:Country Dance and Song Society 1950:. Sactocds.org. Archived from 1160:Country Dance and Song Society 803:time or three eighth notes in 788:, such as one quarter note in 375:, during the COVID-19 pandemic 223:, United States (silent video) 1: 3181:Spalding, Susan Eike (2014). 3019:Folk Songs of Old New England 2996:Ledgin, Stephanie P. (2010). 2823:American Squares Dance Series 2719:Daniels, Bruce Colin (1995). 2388:. 30 May 2014. Archived from 3288:Anglo-American Dance Service 2691:General and cited references 2486:"Contra Dance, Then and Now" 1465:Barre-Times (Argus, Vermont) 915:longways for as many as will 215:Contra dancers at a ball in 114:John C. Campbell Folk School 3569:Example Contra Dance Lesson 3509:Welcome to the Contra Dance 3495:Two American country dance 3043:. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. 2885:. Cambridge Massachusetts: 1812:"UK / USA Dance Comparison" 1003:, between 108 and 132 bpm. 674:). The ones are said to be 562:A contra dance in Manhattan 43:Contra dancers at the 2019 4495: 3037:Nielsen, Erica M. (2010). 2704:. New York: Infobase Pub. 2002:Chicago Barn Dance Company 743: 542: 88:A contra dance event is a 3619: 3334:Sharon Barrett Kennedy's 3276:Contra dance associations 2832:Contra Dance Encyclopedia 2739:Dart, Mary McNab (1995). 1998:"Your first contra dance" 1659:"Brattleboro Dawn Dances" 1628:Michael McKernan (1995). 1135:Greenfield, Massachusetts 1127:Charlottesville, Virginia 1123:Asheville, North Carolina 746:Contra dance choreography 525:Greenfield, Massachusetts 353:New England Folk Festival 118:Brasstown, North Carolina 3058:Nevell, Richard (1977). 3002:. ABC-CLIO. p. 17. 2894:Jennings, Larry (2004). 2881:Jennings, Larry (1988). 2698:Carlin, Richard (2005). 1170:International folk dance 1034:or less frequently, the 666:); the other couple are 373:Cambridge, Massachusetts 3321:Hamilton Contra Dances 3308:Hamilton Contra Dances 2217:Snyder, Andrew (2019). 2172:Snyder, Andrew (2019). 2127:Snyder, Andrew (2019). 1975:. HATDS. Archived from 1565:"Celebrating 100 years" 1498:Young Tradition Vermont 371:A BIDA contra dance in 349:Plymouth, Massachusetts 240:Recueil de Contredances 3162:Sannella, Ted (2005). 3143:Sannella, Ted (1996). 3021:. Dover Publications. 2999:Discovering Folk Music 2829:Holenko, John (2010). 2769:Dance Research Journal 2605:"Full Spectrum Contra" 1591:ssrl.slac.stanford.edu 1131:Amherst, Massachusetts 1117: 1061:, Perpetual E-Motion, 991:tunes are common, and 972: 836:Sample contra dances: 741: 563: 527: 442: 376: 297: 224: 121: 71:Scottish country dance 47: 3442:In the United Kingdom 3381:Finding contra dances 3310:A Contra Dance Primer 3304:What Is Contra Dance? 3081:Parkes, Tony (1992). 2807:The Contra Dance Book 1616:Modern Contra Dancing 1115: 963: 848:(proper duple minor) 739: 561: 522: 433: 381:English Country Dance 370: 295: 214: 111: 67:English country dance 42: 4363:Dance and disability 3425:National Contra Grid 3233:improve this article 2033:on 24 September 2015 1129:; Washington, D.C.; 921:flowing choreography 642:and to dancers as a 196:callers, and bands. 4408:Dance on television 3539:A History of Contra 3521:Why We Contra Dance 3245:footnote references 2542:on 29 December 2019 1897:www.dance.ravitz.us 1843:on 27 December 2008 1351:, pp. 199–200. 1227:. 13 December 2007. 3476:Paris Contra Dance 3411:2021-02-26 at the 3400:Contra Dance Links 3392:2015-02-06 at the 3371:2006-01-01 at the 3359:Research resources 3328:2019-11-17 at the 3315:2015-03-10 at the 2611:on 25 January 2020 2418:. EHW Design. 2022 2235:10.1017/ytm.2019.3 2190:10.1017/ytm.2019.3 2145:10.1017/ytm.2019.3 2053:"Dance Guidelines" 1614:Gaudreau, Herbie, 1471:on 25 January 2020 1118: 973: 742: 564: 528: 478:. In some places, 443: 438:in the suburbs of 389:Shadrack's Delight 377: 338:Tunbridge, Vermont 314:Maritime provinces 298: 283:Dearborn, Michigan 271:Ford Motor Company 225: 122: 48: 4451: 4450: 4403:Dance occupations 4340:Wallis and Futuna 3527:Dancing Community 3273: 3272: 3265: 3092:978-0-9632880-1-1 3073:978-0-312-80522-7 2933:978-1-57647-127-2 2730:978-1-4039-7212-5 2061:Old Farmer’s Ball 1873:on 9 January 2015 1867:www.gainesnet.com 1816:www.bobarcher.org 1698:www.trycontra.com 1523:www.pinewoods.org 1323:(as access to the 1201:on 1 October 2018 1113: 961: 737: 559: 545:Contra dance form 520: 368: 269:, founder of the 212: 164:, as well as the 103:sequence of moves 40: 16:(Redirected from 4486: 4438:History of dance 4423:Dance technology 4368:Dance and health 4318:African-American 3606: 3599: 3592: 3583: 3551:The Contra Dance 3268: 3261: 3257: 3254: 3248: 3216: 3215: 3208: 3198: 3177: 3158: 3139: 3117: 3096: 3077: 3065: 3054: 3032: 3013: 2992: 2986: 2978: 2957: 2937: 2918: 2899: 2890: 2877: 2860:(2/3): 203–226. 2853:Western Folklore 2846: 2820: 2801: 2762: 2760: 2759: 2734: 2715: 2684: 2683: 2681: 2679: 2669: 2663: 2662: 2660: 2658: 2648: 2642: 2641: 2639: 2637: 2627: 2621: 2620: 2618: 2616: 2607:. Archived from 2601: 2595: 2594: 2592: 2590: 2585:. 8 October 2014 2579: 2573: 2572: 2570: 2568: 2558: 2552: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2538:. Archived from 2532: 2526: 2525: 2523: 2521: 2511: 2505: 2504: 2502: 2500: 2490: 2481: 2475: 2474: 2472: 2470: 2455: 2449: 2448: 2446: 2444: 2438:"Festival Stats" 2433: 2427: 2426: 2424: 2423: 2412:"About the Band" 2408: 2402: 2401: 2399: 2397: 2382: 2376: 2370: 2364: 2358: 2352: 2346: 2340: 2337: 2331: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2312: 2306: 2296: 2290: 2287: 2281: 2280: 2278: 2276: 2259: 2253: 2252: 2250: 2249: 2214: 2208: 2207: 2205: 2204: 2169: 2163: 2162: 2160: 2159: 2124: 2118: 2115: 2109: 2108: 2090: 2081: 2080: 2078: 2076: 2070: 2064:. Archived from 2057: 2049: 2043: 2042: 2040: 2038: 2029:. Archived from 2019: 2013: 2012: 2010: 2008: 1994: 1988: 1987: 1985: 1984: 1969: 1963: 1962: 1960: 1959: 1944: 1938: 1937: 1935: 1934: 1919: 1908: 1907: 1905: 1903: 1889: 1883: 1882: 1880: 1878: 1869:. Archived from 1859: 1853: 1852: 1850: 1848: 1839:. Archived from 1833: 1827: 1826: 1824: 1822: 1808: 1799: 1793: 1787: 1781: 1775: 1774: 1772: 1770: 1753: 1747: 1741: 1735: 1729: 1723: 1717: 1708: 1707: 1705: 1704: 1690: 1684: 1683: 1681: 1679: 1669: 1663: 1662: 1655: 1649: 1648: 1646: 1645: 1636:. Archived from 1625: 1619: 1612: 1606: 1605: 1599: 1598: 1582: 1576: 1575: 1573: 1571: 1561: 1555: 1554: 1552: 1550: 1540: 1534: 1533: 1531: 1529: 1515: 1509: 1508: 1506: 1504: 1490: 1484: 1480: 1478: 1476: 1467:. Archived from 1456: 1447: 1440: 1434: 1431:La Chapelle 2011 1428: 1422: 1416: 1410: 1409: 1407: 1405: 1385: 1379: 1373: 1367: 1361: 1352: 1346: 1337: 1319: 1317: 1316: 1301: 1295: 1289: 1283: 1277: 1271: 1270: 1268: 1266: 1256: 1250: 1249: 1247: 1245: 1235: 1229: 1228: 1217: 1211: 1210: 1208: 1206: 1197:. Archived from 1195:"CDSS Dance Map" 1191: 1139:Portland, Oregon 1114: 962: 868: 867: 866: 865: 817: 816: 815: 814: 802: 801: 800: 799: 738: 560: 521: 440:Washington, D.C. 385:heys and gypsies 369: 213: 144:folk tunes. The 101:who teaches the 41: 21: 4494: 4493: 4489: 4488: 4487: 4485: 4484: 4483: 4454: 4453: 4452: 4447: 4383:Dance etiquette 4349: 4108:Burma (Myanmar) 4048: 4044: 4036: 3985:Lead and follow 3946: 3882:Country–western 3821: 3802:Novelty and fad 3760:Hoochie coochie 3711: 3670:closed position 3643: 3639:List of dancers 3615: 3610: 3453:Are You Dancing 3448:UK Contra Clubs 3431:ContraDance.org 3413:Wayback Machine 3406:The Dance Gypsy 3394:Wayback Machine 3373:Wayback Machine 3330:Wayback Machine 3317:Wayback Machine 3302:Gary Shapiro's 3269: 3258: 3252: 3249: 3230: 3221:This section's 3217: 3213: 3206: 3201: 3195: 3180: 3174: 3161: 3155: 3142: 3136: 3120: 3114: 3099: 3093: 3080: 3074: 3057: 3051: 3036: 3029: 3016: 3010: 2995: 2979: 2975: 2960: 2954: 2940: 2934: 2921: 2915: 2902: 2893: 2880: 2866:10.2307/1500377 2849: 2843: 2828: 2817: 2804: 2782:10.2307/1478188 2765: 2757: 2755: 2753: 2738: 2731: 2718: 2712: 2697: 2693: 2688: 2687: 2677: 2675: 2671: 2670: 2666: 2656: 2654: 2650: 2649: 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45:Flurry Festival 30: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4492: 4490: 4482: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4456: 4455: 4449: 4448: 4446: 4445: 4443:Women in dance 4440: 4435: 4430: 4425: 4420: 4415: 4413:Dance research 4410: 4405: 4400: 4395: 4390: 4388:Dance notation 4385: 4380: 4375: 4370: 4365: 4359: 4357: 4351: 4350: 4348: 4347: 4342: 4337: 4332: 4327: 4322: 4321: 4320: 4310: 4305: 4300: 4295: 4290: 4285: 4280: 4275: 4270: 4265: 4260: 4255: 4250: 4245: 4240: 4235: 4230: 4225: 4220: 4215: 4210: 4205: 4200: 4195: 4190: 4185: 4180: 4175: 4170: 4165: 4160: 4155: 4150: 4145: 4140: 4135: 4130: 4125: 4120: 4115: 4110: 4105: 4100: 4095: 4090: 4085: 4080: 4075: 4070: 4065: 4060: 4054: 4052: 4038: 4037: 4035: 4034: 4029: 4024: 4019: 4014: 4009: 4004: 3999: 3998: 3997: 3987: 3982: 3977: 3972: 3967: 3962: 3956: 3954: 3948: 3947: 3945: 3944: 3939: 3934: 3929: 3924: 3919: 3914: 3909: 3904: 3899: 3894: 3889: 3884: 3879: 3874: 3869: 3864: 3859: 3858: 3857: 3852: 3842: 3837: 3831: 3829: 3823: 3822: 3820: 3819: 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