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Copper pesticide is applied as a contact protective foliar spray, so it remains deposited on leaf surfaces. A small concentration of copper ions may be taken up by plants as essential nutrients. Copper foliar sprays are also applied to correct plant copper deficiency. Excess absorbed copper ions
433:
Amlal Fouad, Drissi Saad, Makroum Kacem, Maataoui
Abdelwahed, Dhassi Khalid, Rahmani Abderrahim & AĆÆt Houssa Abdelhadi (2020) Efficacy of copper foliar spray in preventing copper deficiency of rainfed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in a calcareous soil, Journal of Plant Nutrition, 43:11,
143:
Copper pesticides must be used in quantities that minimizes long term copper accumulation in the soil. Accumulated copper in soils can inhibit root growth and adversely affect microorganisms and earthworms. Finely ground copper formulations are more active than coarsely ground formulations.
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Copper fungicides work by slowly releasing positively charged copper ions Cu and Cu in concentrations that interact with nucleic acids, interfere with energy transport, disrupt enzyme activity, and affect the integrity of cell membranes of pathogens. Both ions have fungicidal and bactericidal
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Copper phytotoxicity worsens under slow drying conditions. Adding surfactants with copper fungicides may increase injury to plant foliage. Copper ions release more readily under acidic conditions and copper pesticides, except copper sulfate pentahydrate, should not be used with acid forming
90:
groups) present in many proteins and disrupt their functions. Copper ions can kill pathogen cells on plant surfaces, but once a pathogen enters host plant tissue, it is no longer susceptible to copper treatments at the prescribed concentrations. The prescribed copper ion concentrations lack
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Anna LA TORRE, Valeria IOVINO and
Federica CARADONIA; Copper in plant protection: current situation and prospects; Phytopathologia Mediterranea (2018), 57, 2, 201ā236 www.fupress.com/pm ISSN (print): 0031-9465 Firenze University Press ISSN (online): 1593-2095 DOI:
384:
Anna LA TORRE, Valeria IOVINO and
Federica CARADONIA; Copper in plant protection: current situation and prospects; Phytopathologia Mediterranea (2018), 57, 2, 201ā236 www.fupress.com/pm ISSN (print): 0031-9465 Firenze University Press ISSN (online): 1593-2095 DOI:
324:. According to the Soil Association the total copper that can be applied to organic land is 6 kg/ha/year. This limit is designed so that the amount of copper in the soil does not exceed the limits specified in the Soil Association standards for heavy metals.
421:
How Copper Sprays Work and
Avoiding Phytotoxicity, T. A. Zitter, Cornell University Department of Plant Pathology & Plant-Microbiology and David A. Rosenberger, Professor of Plant Pathology, Cornell University's Hudson Valley Lab,
172:) and copper microencapsulation. These improve relative coverage of treated plant surfaces or extend copper ion releases. Modern copper application dose rates may be as low as 200-400g per treatment per hectare.
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products. Copper fungicides can be highly effective if applied prophylactically and with complete coverage of all plant foliar surfaces, including the undersides of leaves where the pathogen typically sporulates.
546:
355:
David
Ritchie, Copper-containing fungicides/bactericides and their use in management of bacterial spot on peaches, Southeast Regional Newsletter. Vol. 4, No. 1, March 2004
396:
S. E. A. McCallan, The Nature of the
Fungicidal Action of Copper and Sulfur, Botanical Review Vol. 15, No. 9 (Nov. 1949), pp. 629-643 (15 pages) Published By: Springer
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and toxicity. Copper occurs in soils in different forms (ionic, complexed and precipitated) depending on characteristics such as
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377:
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activity. Following absorption into the fungus or bacterium, the copper ions will link to various chemical groups (
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Dave
Rosenberger, Options, Benefits, and Liabilities for Copper Sprays in Tree Fruits; Hudson Valley Laboratory,
343:
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A strategy to maximize the effectiveness of copper ions is to reduce the particle size of the active substance (
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239:. Several bacterial pathogens have developed resistance to some copper ion concentrations. These include
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Pscheidt, Jay W. Copper-based
Bactericides and Fungicides, Pacific Northwest Pest Management Handbooks,
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and algae, and prevent fungal spores from germinating. Common forms of fixed copper fungicides include
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GARVER ERNEST, EMMALEA; CAUTION WITH COPPER FUNGICIDES AND SPRAY SURFACTANTS IN VEGETABLES AND FRUITS,
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Links to forms permitting application of copper fungicide on the website of the Soil
Association
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Stone, Alex et al; Organic
Management of Late Blight of Potato and Tomato with Copper Products;
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296:) permits farmers to use some copper fungicides on organic land used for the production of
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Xiong Z.T. and H. Wang, 2005. Copper toxicity and bioaccumulation in Chinese cabbage (
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A. R. Chase, All Coppers Are Not Created Equal, GrowerTalks Pest Management, 2020
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post-infection activity. Higher copper ion concentrations harm the host plant.
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Copper pesticides can be effective in preventing bacterial diseases, including
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Soil Association Organic Standards for Producer, Version 16.1, April, 2010
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only if there is a major threat to crops. The compounds permitted are
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can kill sensitive cells in copper sensitive plants. The leaves of
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Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) for Coppers, USEPA, 2006
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Coarsely ground formulations should be avoided to limit long term
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than apple leaves. Copper tolerant plant families include
342:Shane, Bill; Copper formulations for fruit crops;
276:to water, was one of the first fungicides used by
103:The use of copper pesticide in viticulture in 1940
280:, a French viticulturist during the mid-1800s.
434:1617-1626, DOI: 10.1080/01904167.2020.1739294
8:
447:Rupr.). Environmental Toxicology 20, 188ā194
320:(at a maximum concentration of 25 g/L), and
187:leaf spots, and fungal diseases including
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492:; Fruit Notes, Volume 77, Spring, 2012
7:
272:, made by adding copper sulfate and
511:10.14601/Phytopathol_Mediterr-23407
385:10.14601/Phytopathol_Mediterr-23407
112:trees are more sensitive to copper
254:Copper pesticides may not prevent
25:
294:organic certification authorities
1:
278:Pierre-Marie-Alexis Millardet
30:are copper compounds used as
52:copper sulfate pentahydrate
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60:copper oxychloride sulfate
42:. They can kill bacteria,
477:, Published 18 March 2010
344:Michigan State University
318:copper ammonium carbonate
197:Pseudoperonospora humuli
549:15 October 2009 at the
506:24 October 2021 at the
475:Oregon State University
409:Oregon State University
380:24 October 2021 at the
298:certified organic crops
460:University of Delaware
284:Use in organic farming
249:Xanthomonas campestris
225:Phytophthora infestans
217:Stemphylium vesicarium
209:Peronospora destructor
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102:
589:Copper(II) compounds
241:Pseudomonas syringae
233:Puccinia striiformis
445:Brassica pekinensis
221:Cercospora beticola
201:Venturia inaequalis
193:Plasmopara viticola
490:Cornell University
314:copper oxychloride
229:Puccinia triticina
213:Taphrina deformans
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531:Section 4.11.11,
274:calcium hydroxide
251:pv. vesicatoria.
245:Erwinia amylovora
237:Alternaria solani
28:Copper pesticides
16:(Redirected from
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322:copper octanoate
306:copper hydroxide
290:Soil Association
270:Bordeaux mixture
68:copper octanoate
56:copper hydroxide
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18:Copper fungicide
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462:Extension, 2013
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382:Wayback Machine
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346:Extension; 2011
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205:Bremia lactucae
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146:bioaccumulation
122:Caryophyllaceae
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302:copper sulfate
288:In the UK the
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154:organic matter
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48:copper sulfate
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310:cuprous oxide
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258:blight, some
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170:micronization
164:Effectiveness
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114:phytotoxicity
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64:cuprous oxide
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19:
584:Bactericides
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292:(one of the
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260:Phytophthora
253:
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150:soil texture
142:
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106:
72:
32:bactericides
27:
26:
264:Rhizoctonia
256:Sclerotinia
185:Xanthomonas
181:Pseudomonas
130:Leguminosae
110:stone fruit
95:Application
579:Fungicides
574:Algaecides
569:Pesticides
563:Categories
179:soft rot,
134:Asteraceae
118:Cruciferae
84:sulfhydryl
40:fungicides
36:algaecides
126:Gramineae
80:phosphate
76:imidazole
44:oomycetes
547:Archived
504:Archived
378:Archived
189:Botrytis
88:hydroxyl
177:Erwinia
86:, and,
262:, and
66:, and
328:Notes
38:, or
422:2013
247:and
235:and
183:and
156:and
132:and
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316:,
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195:,
191:,
160:.
158:pH
152:,
136:.
128:,
124:,
120:,
82:,
78:,
70:.
62:,
58:,
54:,
50:,
34:,
20:)
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