487:
591:
676:
300:
48:
210:
529:
400:
568:) are abundant in large fruit bodies, fewer in number in the smaller specimens. These cells are oval, rounded at the apex with a bulge in the middle, and contracted into a stalk at the base. The length of these cells is typically 100β130 ΞΌm, with a width of 35β45 ΞΌm. Before the cap expands, each cystidium completely branches an interlamellar space, with both ends attached to the gills, help together by clasping
336:
319:
263:
281:
245:
438: in) and cap diameter of 2 cm. Buller noted that the dwarf fruit-bodies are fully functional, producing and liberating spores in a manner identical with normal ones. The great variation in size has led some authors to erroneously name the dwarf fruit-bodies as new species. For example, George Edward Massee considered the dwarfs to be a new species,
35:
225:
469:
The color of the cap surface is pale to very dark-brown at center beneath the whitish to silvery grey veil but becomes paler towards the margin. As the mushroom matures, the shape of the cap becomes more conical or convex, and finally flattens out, with edges curved upward. The
494:
These mushrooms are evanescent, lasting only a few hours before dying; the autodigestive process is enhanced in humid environments. The stem is whitish in color, and is hollow, hairy (flocculose) over the whole surface but especially at lower parts, and becomes smooth
576:(spore-bearing cells) comes in two sizes; long basidia have dimensions of 40 Γ 8β10 ΞΌm, while the shorter basidia have dimensions of 23 Γ 8β10 ΞΌm. The basidia have four spores, which are attached by short sterigmata.
478:
are freely attached to the stem, very thin and crowded closely together. Initially, the color of the gills is white, then progresses to grayish-brown then to black as the spores mature. In maturity the gill edges dissolve
587:
grows solitarily or in groups in soil as well as on wood chips, compost heaps, vegetable refuse, horse dung, or cattle dung from autumn to mid-winter. It has a widespread distribution throughout the world.
411:
can vary tremendously. This fungus gives rise to very small fruit bodies (known as dwarf fruit-bodies), some of which are less than one-hundredth the size of the larger ones. In a series of experiments,
442:. In general, dwarf fruit-bodies have stem lengths from 1β10 mm tall and cap of 0.75β3 mm in diameter, while large specimens have stems that are 5β18.5 cm (2β
614:
is similar in appearance, but more typically grows on a substrates like humus, or burnt or charred wood; it also tends to deliquesce more quickly and completely than
1607:
1491:
1555:
1338:
466:β2 in). The thickness of the stem in the larger specimens is typically 4β6 mm thick, up to 0.8 mm thick at the club-shaped or bulbous base.
1678:
1594:
1426:
209:
977:
881:
843:
1673:
1658:
835:
474:
is initially whitish, then turns to a silvery grey or grey-brown; it eventually splits up, becoming hairy (fibrillose). The
1478:
413:
689:
387:. The vague resemblance of the young fruit body to the paw of a white rabbit has earned this species the common name
47:
1241:"Meiosis in Coprinus. VIII. A time-course study of the fusion and division of the spindle pole body during meiosis"
993:
Pauline, N'Douba Amako; Claude, Kouassi
Kouadio; Clovis, Koffi N'Dono Boni; Allal, Douira; Koutoua, AyoliΓ© (2022).
1496:
1663:
486:
622:
may be distinguished microscopically by its smaller spores (6β9 by 5β7 ΞΌm) that are roughly spherical or
1683:
1306:
496:
142:
506:
The species is nonpoisonous. Its edibility is unknown but it is considered too small to be worthwhile.
590:
1668:
1635:
1586:
1506:
1418:
1374:
1097:
1043:
782:
572:. As the gill expands the cystidium breaks away from one gill and projects from the other gill. The
416:
grew spores on horse dung and noted a large range of size variation: the smallest specimen having a
521:. They are ellipsoid or ovoid in shape, with a rounded base and apex, dark red-brown in color, and
475:
1470:
1069:
Srikrishna A, Lakshmi BV, Ravikumar PC (2006). "The first total synthesis of (+/-)-lagopodin A".
1026:
Botton CR, Siehr DJ (1975). "Hydroxylagopodin B, a sesquiterpene quinone from a mutant strain of
737:
342:
231:
168:
159:
42:
664:
has been used as a model system for studying mushroom physiology and genetics for many decades.
1612:
1568:
1514:
1361:
1270:
1221:
1176:
1131:
973:
929:
877:
849:
839:
798:
773:
421:
250:
1260:
1252:
1211:
1166:
1121:
1113:
1078:
1051:
1006:
790:
729:
528:
417:
399:
286:
1519:
650:
375:
relationships between the various coprinoid species led to a major reorganization of that
364:
109:
898:
1405:
1047:
786:
424:
diameter of 0.75 mm, while the largest specimen had a stem length of 18.4 cm (
1581:
1413:
1265:
1240:
1126:
609:
89:
1055:
1652:
1560:
1343:
995:"Coprophilous fungi of Daloa city: New species for the fungal flora of CΓ΄te d'Ivoire"
642:
471:
79:
1573:
1011:
994:
681:
514:
380:
372:
326:
1366:
1546:
1082:
967:
1483:
1465:
1439:
1117:
794:
500:
306:
119:
383:
lasting only a few hours before dissolving into a black ink β a process called
1216:
1195:
1171:
1150:
671:
646:
545:
522:
518:
99:
1329:
853:
1400:
1387:
59:
1225:
1180:
1135:
802:
767:
Crosier WF, Patrick SR, Heit CE, McSwain E (1949). "The
Harefoot Mushroom,
1353:
924:
922:
829:
1620:
1540:
1452:
1323:
1274:
1256:
561:
268:
236:
215:
456: in) tall and 2β5 mm wide, with cap diameters of 2β5 cm (
34:
1599:
1431:
1295:
741:
712:
Redhead SA, Vilgalys R, Moncalvo J-M, Johnson J, Hopple JS Jr (2001). "
573:
972:. Timber Press Field Guides. Portland, OR: Timber Press. p. 197.
623:
1625:
1457:
1444:
360:
69:
1300:
874:
North
American Mushrooms: A Field Guide to Edible and Inedible Fungi
733:
1392:
645:
compounds that are collectively named lagopodins, which have some
589:
527:
485:
398:
376:
1379:
1304:
532:
Detail of section through two gills of unexpanded fruit-body.
828:
Davis, R. Michael; Sommer, Robert; Menge, John A. (2012).
1530:
1313:
333:
316:
296:
278:
260:
242:
222:
203:
831:Field Guide to Mushrooms of Western North America
771:Fr., on fruits used commercially as seedstocks".
403:Cap of a mature specimen with deliquescing gills
379:. It is a delicate and short-lived fungus, the
8:
1196:"The production and behavior of diploids of
867:
865:
863:
594:Mature specimens with margins curled upwards
1098:"The structure of the mating type locus in
876:. Guilford, CN: Falcon Guide. p. 232.
1301:
999:GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences
33:
22:
1264:
1215:
1170:
1125:
1010:
162:) Redhead, Vilgalys & Moncalvo (2001)
753:
751:
704:
626:in shape, rather than elliptical as in
367:. Until 2001, the species was known as
966:Trudell, Steve; Ammirati, Joe (2009).
200:
653:of lagopodin A was achieved in 2006.
7:
1636:ab620109-3028-45e8-a8db-be9340bb9651
1507:2feec558-f0c0-4f8c-84f4-7e088f31ebe2
1151:"Studies of methionine synthesis in
823:
821:
517:have dimensions of 11β13 x 6β8
612:) Redhead, Vilgalys & Montcalvo
371:; advances in the understanding of
969:Mushrooms of the Pacific Northwest
14:
564:found on the sides of the gills (
1679:Taxa named by Elias Magnus Fries
674:
334:
317:
298:
279:
261:
243:
223:
208:
46:
1159:Journal of General Microbiology
716:Persoon and the disposition of
1012:10.30574/gscbps.2022.20.3.0362
836:University of California Press
1:
1056:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)98645-X
872:Miller HR, Miller OK (2006).
1149:Clark E, Bowbury RJ (1964).
1083:10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.12.071
490:Hare's foot inkcap mushrooms
414:Arthur Henry Reginald Buller
795:10.1126/science.110.2844.13
216:Mycological characteristics
1700:
1217:10.1017/S0016672300004080
1172:10.1099/00221287-36-3-333
1118:10.1093/genetics/45.5.641
174:
167:
148:
141:
43:Scientific classification
41:
32:
25:
1296:Longmans, Green, and Co.
815:Buller (1924), pp. 83β5.
580:Habitat and distribution
420:length of 1 mm and
1674:Fungi described in 1821
1245:Journal of Cell Biology
483:) into a black liquid.
407:The fruit body size of
1659:Fungi of North America
757:Buller (1924), p. 302.
595:
557:
491:
404:
1194:Casselton LA (1965).
720:species sensu lato".
605:Coprinopsis lagopides
593:
556:, interlamellar space
531:
489:
402:
1290:Buller AHR. (1924).
1257:10.1083/jcb.76.3.761
1028:Coprinus macrorhizus
603:The related species
510:Microscopic features
1315:Coprinopsis lagopus
1292:Researches on Fungi
1071:Tetrahedron Letters
1048:1975PChem..14.1433B
932:Coprinopsis lagopus
901:Coprinopsis lagopus
787:1949Sci...110...13C
639:Coprinopsis lagopus
634:Bioactive compounds
585:Coprinopsis lagopus
409:Coprinopsis lagopus
356:Coprinopsis lagopus
205:Coprinopsis lagopus
152:Coprinopsis lagopus
27:Coprinopsis lagopus
956:Buller, pp. 306β7.
907:MushroomExpert.Com
662:Coprinopis lagopus
596:
558:
492:
405:
1646:
1645:
1515:Open Tree of Life
1307:Taxon identifiers
1204:Genetics Research
979:978-0-88192-935-5
883:978-0-7627-3109-1
845:978-0-520-95360-4
620:C. lagopides
613:
536:, short basidia;
503:is violet-black.
440:Coprinus radiatus
389:harefoot mushroom
350:
349:
198:Species of fungus
196:
195:
190:
182:
16:Species of fungus
1691:
1639:
1638:
1629:
1628:
1616:
1615:
1603:
1602:
1590:
1589:
1577:
1576:
1564:
1563:
1551:
1550:
1549:
1532:Agaricus lagopus
1523:
1522:
1510:
1509:
1500:
1499:
1487:
1486:
1484:NHMSYS0020061875
1474:
1473:
1461:
1460:
1448:
1447:
1435:
1434:
1422:
1421:
1409:
1408:
1396:
1395:
1383:
1382:
1370:
1369:
1357:
1356:
1347:
1346:
1334:
1333:
1332:
1302:
1279:
1278:
1268:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1219:
1198:Coprinus lagopus
1191:
1185:
1184:
1174:
1153:Coprinus lagopus
1146:
1140:
1139:
1129:
1100:Coprinus lagopus
1093:
1087:
1086:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1023:
1017:
1016:
1014:
990:
984:
983:
963:
957:
954:
948:
947:
945:
944:
938:California Fungi
926:
917:
916:
914:
913:
894:
888:
887:
869:
858:
857:
825:
816:
813:
807:
806:
769:Coprinus lagopus
764:
758:
755:
746:
745:
709:
684:
679:
678:
677:
607:
540:, long basidia;
499:) with age. The
465:
464:
460:
455:
454:
450:
447:
437:
436:
432:
429:
369:Coprinus lagopus
359:is a species of
338:
337:
321:
320:
302:
301:
283:
282:
265:
264:
247:
246:
227:
226:
212:
201:
189:(Fr.) Fr. (1838)
188:
186:Coprinus lagopus
180:
178:Agaricus lagopus
154:
51:
50:
37:
23:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1688:
1664:Fungi of Europe
1649:
1648:
1647:
1642:
1634:
1632:
1624:
1619:
1611:
1606:
1598:
1593:
1585:
1580:
1572:
1567:
1559:
1554:
1545:
1544:
1539:
1526:
1518:
1513:
1505:
1503:
1495:
1490:
1482:
1477:
1469:
1464:
1456:
1451:
1443:
1438:
1430:
1425:
1417:
1412:
1404:
1399:
1391:
1386:
1378:
1373:
1365:
1360:
1352:
1350:
1342:
1337:
1328:
1327:
1322:
1309:
1287:
1282:
1239:Lu BC. (1978).
1238:
1237:
1233:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1096:Day PR (1960).
1095:
1094:
1090:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1025:
1024:
1020:
992:
991:
987:
980:
965:
964:
960:
955:
951:
942:
940:
928:
927:
920:
911:
909:
896:
895:
891:
884:
871:
870:
861:
846:
838:. p. 207.
827:
826:
819:
814:
810:
781:(2844): 13β14.
766:
765:
761:
756:
749:
734:10.2307/1224525
711:
710:
706:
702:
680:
675:
673:
670:
659:
651:total synthesis
636:
628:C. lagopus
616:C. lagopus
601:
599:Similar species
582:
512:
462:
458:
457:
452:
448:
445:
443:
434:
430:
427:
425:
397:
365:Psathyrellaceae
352:
351:
335:
318:
303:
299:
280:
262:
244:
224:
218:
213:
199:
163:
156:
150:
137:
134:C. lagopus
110:Psathyrellaceae
45:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1697:
1695:
1687:
1686:
1684:Fungus species
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1651:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1640:
1630:
1617:
1604:
1591:
1578:
1565:
1552:
1536:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1511:
1501:
1488:
1475:
1462:
1449:
1436:
1423:
1410:
1397:
1384:
1371:
1358:
1348:
1335:
1319:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1280:
1231:
1210:(2): 190β208.
1186:
1141:
1088:
1077:(8): 1277β81.
1061:
1036:Phytochemistry
1018:
1005:(3): 251β260.
985:
978:
958:
949:
918:
889:
882:
859:
844:
817:
808:
759:
747:
703:
701:
698:
697:
696:
686:
685:
669:
666:
658:
655:
641:produces four
635:
632:
600:
597:
581:
578:
566:pleurocystidia
511:
508:
396:
393:
363:in the family
348:
347:
339:
331:
330:
322:
314:
313:
304:
297:
294:
293:
284:
276:
275:
266:
258:
257:
248:
240:
239:
228:
220:
219:
214:
207:
197:
194:
193:
192:
191:
183:
172:
171:
165:
164:
157:
146:
145:
139:
138:
131:
129:
125:
124:
117:
113:
112:
107:
103:
102:
97:
93:
92:
90:Agaricomycetes
87:
83:
82:
77:
73:
72:
67:
63:
62:
57:
53:
52:
39:
38:
30:
29:
19:
18:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1696:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1637:
1631:
1627:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1557:
1553:
1548:
1542:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1521:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1325:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1276:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1251:(3): 761β66.
1250:
1246:
1242:
1235:
1232:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1199:
1190:
1187:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1154:
1145:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1112:(5): 641β50.
1111:
1107:
1103:
1101:
1092:
1089:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1065:
1062:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1042:(5β6): 1433.
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1022:
1019:
1013:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
989:
986:
981:
975:
971:
970:
962:
959:
953:
950:
939:
935:
933:
925:
923:
919:
908:
904:
902:
893:
890:
885:
879:
875:
868:
866:
864:
860:
855:
851:
847:
841:
837:
833:
832:
824:
822:
818:
812:
809:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
775:
770:
763:
760:
754:
752:
748:
743:
739:
735:
731:
728:(1): 203β41.
727:
723:
719:
715:
708:
705:
699:
695:
693:
688:
687:
683:
672:
667:
665:
663:
656:
654:
652:
648:
644:
643:sesquiterpene
640:
633:
631:
629:
625:
621:
617:
611:
606:
598:
592:
588:
586:
579:
577:
575:
571:
567:
563:
555:
552:, cystidium;
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
530:
526:
524:
520:
516:
509:
507:
504:
502:
498:
488:
484:
482:
477:
473:
467:
441:
423:
419:
415:
410:
401:
394:
392:
390:
386:
385:deliquescence
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
357:
346:
345:
341:Edibility is
340:
332:
329:
328:
323:
315:
312:
308:
305:
295:
292:
288:
285:
277:
274:
270:
267:
259:
256:
252:
249:
241:
238:
234:
233:
229:
221:
217:
211:
206:
202:
187:
184:
179:
176:
175:
173:
170:
166:
161:
155:
153:
147:
144:
143:Binomial name
140:
136:
135:
130:
127:
126:
123:
122:
118:
115:
114:
111:
108:
105:
104:
101:
98:
95:
94:
91:
88:
85:
84:
81:
80:Basidiomycota
78:
75:
74:
71:
68:
65:
64:
61:
58:
55:
54:
49:
44:
40:
36:
31:
28:
24:
21:
1531:
1314:
1294:. New York:
1291:
1248:
1244:
1234:
1207:
1203:
1197:
1189:
1165:(3): 333β9.
1162:
1158:
1152:
1144:
1109:
1105:
1099:
1091:
1074:
1070:
1064:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1021:
1002:
998:
988:
968:
961:
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692:Coprinopsis
501:spore print
395:Description
324:Ecology is
307:Spore print
121:Coprinopsis
1653:Categories
943:2009-03-22
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647:antibiotic
570:paraphyses
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481:deliquesce
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1582:Fungorum
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718:Coprinus
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