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20:
108:. The spores themselves survive digestion by being particularly thick-walled, allowing them to germinate in the dung with minimum competition from other organisms. This thick wall is often broken down during digestion, readying the spore for germination. The spores are so hardy that samples of dried dung can later be rehydrated, allowing the fungus to fruit weeks later.
83:. The fruiting bodies of the fungi then grow from the animal feces. It is essential that the spores of the species then reach new plant material; spores remaining in the feces will produce nothing. As such, some species have developed means of discharging spores a large distance. An example of this is the genus
55:. The hardy spores of coprophilous species are unwittingly consumed by herbivores from vegetation, and are excreted along with the plant matter. The fungi then flourish in the faeces, before releasing their spores to the surrounding area.
116:
The distribution of coprophilous fungi is closely linked to the distribution of the herbivores on which they rely, such as rabbits, deer, cattle, horses and sheep. Some species rely on a specific species for dung; for instance,
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Although not all coprophilous fungi produce mushrooms, there are many that do, particularly in the genera
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153:, such as in gardens. Some coprophilous fungi are also known to grow from the dung of
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550:
Lodha, B. C. (December 1964). "Studies on coprophilous fungi. II;
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603:(Bolbitiaceae, Agaricales) collected on dung from Punjab, India"
410:
The Fungal community: its organization and role in the ecosystem
93:
will suddenly rupture, sending the contents over 2 metres away.
164:
129:
grow almost exclusively on horse feces, while others, such as
651:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. pp. 101–102.
693:. London: Mitchell Beazley Publishing. pp. 162–165.
71:. The spores then remain in the animal as the plants are
67:
to the surrounding vegetation, which is then eaten by
642:
640:
135:, can grow on any feces or even just particularly
407:Wicklow, Donald T.; Carroll, George C. (1992).
145:) can be found in large numbers in areas where
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481:Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology
447:. Oxford: Blackwell Science. p. 166.
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597:Amandeep K, Atri NS, Munruchi K (2015).
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413:. New York: M. Dekker. p. 715.
96:Animal feces provide an environment
599:"Diversity of species of the genus
370:Australian National Botanic Gardens
14:
139:. Further, some species (such as
63:Coprophilous fungi release their
629:
477:"Coprophilous fungi from Brazil"
494:10.1590/S1516-89132001000300010
475:Richardson, Michael J. (2001).
16:Fungi that grow on animal dung
1:
98:rich in nitrogenous material
75:, pass through the animal's
51:fungus that grows on animal
364:Lepp, Heino; Fagg, Murray.
739:
647:Brodie, Harold J. (1975).
185:Mushroom-producing species
689:Pegler, David N. (1983).
262:Coprinopsis patouillardii
207:. Known species include:
691:Mushrooms and Toadstools
623:10.5943/mycosphere/6/1/4
174:Chaetomium rajasthanense
149:has been used as a soil
32:growing from animal dung
556:Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
304:Panaeolus papilionaceus
723:Coprophagous organisms
441:Deacon, J. W. (1997).
255:Coprinopsis narcotica
160:Chaetomium globisporum
132:Panaeolus sphinctrinus
126:Panaeolus campanulatus
33:
649:The Bird's Nest Fungi
340:Psilocybe liniformans
241:Coprinopsis acuminata
89:. Fruiting bodies of
22:
311:Panaeolus semiovatus
213:Bolbitius vitellinus
25:Panaeolus semiovatus
718:Fungi by adaptation
333:Psilocybe fimetaria
290:Deconica coprophila
269:Coprinopsis radiata
248:Coprinopsis cinerea
167:droppings) or even
100:as well as various
38:coprophilous fungus
568:10.1007/BF02046722
326:Psilocybe cubensis
283:Cyathus stercoreus
227:Conocybe pubescens
104:from the animal's
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297:Deconica merdaria
234:Conocybe rickenii
142:Conocybe rickenii
120:Coprinus radiatus
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276:Crucibulum laeve
106:digestive system
79:and are finally
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683:Further reading
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444:Modern mycology
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318:Protostropharia
220:Conocybe moseri
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676:Pegler, p. 165
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540:Pegler, p. 163
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524:Pegler, p. 164
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321:(all species)
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616:(1): 19–42.
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458:. Retrieved
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424:. Retrieved
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373:. Retrieved
366:"Dung fungi"
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137:fertile soil
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112:Distribution
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24:
192:Coprinopsis
42:dung-loving
712:Categories
610:Mycosphere
552:Chaetomium
375:2009-03-30
347:References
169:carnivores
151:fertilizer
77:intestines
69:herbivores
59:Life cycle
29:semiovatus
503:1516-8913
198:Panaeolus
171:(such as
157:(such as
155:omnivores
91:Pilobolus
86:Pilobolus
81:defecated
601:Conocybe
584:34479763
576:14195246
460:30 March
426:30 March
204:Deconica
181:feces).
73:digested
49:saprobic
177:, from
102:enzymes
697:
655:
582:
574:
501:
451:
417:
147:manure
65:spores
45:fungus
606:(PDF)
580:S2CID
179:tiger
163:from
27:var.
695:ISBN
653:ISBN
572:PMID
499:ISSN
462:2009
449:ISBN
428:2009
415:ISBN
201:and
123:and
53:dung
618:doi
564:doi
554:".
489:doi
165:rat
714::
667:^
639:^
612:.
608:.
578:.
570:.
560:30
558:.
529:^
511:^
497:.
485:44
483:.
479:.
384:^
368:.
354:^
195:,
36:A
703:.
661:.
626:.
620::
614:6
586:.
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505:.
491::
464:.
430:.
378:.
40:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
