301:
560:
In April 2016, Facebook released Rights
Manager, a tool allowing rights holders to identify copyrighted content. Rights Manager was expanded in April 2017 to automatically block content, monitor video metrics, and receive a portion of the video's revenue if it has advertisements attached to it. The
38:, a foundational federal statute absolving social media companies from liability for content posted on their platforms if they make a reasonable effort to remove violative content. Additionally, social media companies are protected by
393:, and Andrew Tate have posted videos on TikTok featuring sludge content. Psychologist Natalie Coyle analyzed the videos and determined that the external media increases receptiveness through the concept of "visual tactility".
515:
378:, unrelated clips, and cropping have increased the longevity of copyright violating videos on YouTube. TikTok users have additionally used the format to splice TikTok videos made by other users.
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The Green Party later removed these videos due to copyright violations. They have not commented on whether this decision was made due to request by Warner Bros.
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that it would not take down the groups, stating that the responsibility of taking down the content is the responsibility of the rights holder.
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used four of Morel's photographs. The press outlets would have been able to use the photographs if it was embedded within their articles.
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released in 2018 found multiple groups, some with upwards of tens of thousands of members, hosting copies of films directly onto
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infringed on freelance photojournalist Daniel Morel's copyright by reuploading an image Morel had posted to
Twitter of the
685:"The Flash (2023) Movie Gets Leaked Online, Director Andy Muschietti Comments on Nicolas Cage Cameo Leak, Sequel and More"
224:
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filed separate lawsuits against VK in Saint
Petersburg and Leningrasky Region Arbitration Court in April 2014 seeking
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1296:
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429:
370:. The concept of sludge content originates with methods used to subvert copyright detection tools, particularly on
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The use of copyrighted material on TikTok has resulted in a form of media known as "sludge content". Described by
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received significant attention on the platform. TikTok users organically promoted the reality hoax sitcom
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chief executive
Frances Moore have spoken out against music piracy on VK. In December 2013, VK founder
483:'s use of copyrighted music in his presidential campaigns has resulted in multiple lawsuits. In 2020,
523:
218:
127:
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Social media platforms have been used as vectors to host film and television episodes. A report from
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stated that the choice to watch media on TikTok mirrored consumer habits of "constant stimulation".
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has been noted for being a "notorious marketplace" for music piracy since 2010, according to the
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358:(2012), alongside copyrighted material, predominantly from the adult animated television series
991:"A strange TikTok trend called 'sludge content' has Gen Z hooked. Here's what you need to know"
1111:
412:
researcher Bjørn Nansen opined that the phenomenon was not unexpected given the prevalence of
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240:
162:
101:
81:
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160:. The phenomenon has also benefited newer films and television series; a single clip from
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Content posted to social media platforms located in the United States is regulated by the
185:
Distributors have utilized social media to promote their own television series, such as
1187:""Electric Avenue" Singer Files Suit Against Trump Campaign for Copyright Infringement"
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16:
Use of social media platforms to distribute copyrighted material in an unlawful manner
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parties. The Green Party confirmed that they did not have copyright permission from
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802:
713:"Facebook has a movie piracy problem, but it can't (or won't) do anything about it"
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598:"Twitter's new 2-hour video feature is already making it a hub for pirated movies"
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39:
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461:
401:, referenced sludge content on the TikTok account for the game and attributed
394:
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culture, sludge content features attention-grabbing content, notably from the
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onto
Twitter after the service allowed longer videos; Twitter chief executive
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used sludge content to promote their policies in the 2023 general election.
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166:(2022) attracted over one hundred million views on TikTok, while a leak of
142:, resulting in a renaissance for older television series and films such as
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341:
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46:; Section 230 does not provide legal protection for copyrighted content.
1021:"The Truth Behind Those Wild TikTok Videos Meant To Hack Your Attention"
1218:
202:
58:
914:"Political advertising on social media: sludge or copyright quagmire?"
205:
released free episodes of several television series on the service on
1357:"Sludge content is consuming TikTok. Why aren't we talking about it?"
1025:
943:
496:
336:
139:
629:"The entire Super Mario Bros. movie keeps getting posted to Twitter"
138:
Segments from films and television episodes have been repackaged on
57:, several recent films have been illegally rerecorded and posted to
561:
company acquired the video detection company Source3 in July 2017.
1325:"Facebook's latest acquisition is all about fighting video piracy"
1159:"Record labels say 'Russian Facebook' is a haven for music piracy"
516:
United States
District Court for the Southern District of New York
421:
1142:
425:
1269:"Facebook takes on its freebooting problem with Rights Manager"
854:"You can watch the first episode of Apple's Silo... on Twitter"
1215:"News outlets improperly used photos posted to Twitter: judge"
1107:"TikTok's sludge content isn't just for short attention spans"
882:"Paramount uploads Mean Girls to TikTok across 23 video clips"
689:
294:
167:
744:"TikTok's becoming a TV platform. One pirated clip at a time"
374:
compilations on YouTube. Editing techniques such as frequent
1297:"Facebook creators will profit from people stealing videos"
1049:"'Sludge content' is the latest form of escapism on TikTok"
657:"Twitter now lets Blue subscribers upload two-hour videos"
1075:"Sludge Videos Are Taking Over TikTok--And People's Mind"
1241:"Want To Publish A Twitter Image Legally? Just Embed It"
26:
platforms to distribute copyrighted material illegally.
1138:"What are 'sludge' videos on TikTok? Are they harmful?"
544:
allowed the agency to reuse the photo and upload it to
454:
International
Federation of the Phonographic Industry
770:"Their Show Flew Under the Radar. TikTok Blew It Up"
428:, have used sludge content in advertisements. The
460:stated that he would abide by takedown requests.
381:Accounts from content creators including British
1100:
1098:
1096:
939:"The Weird Wacky World of TikTok Sludge Content"
446:Office of the United States Trade Representative
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735:
340:as a product of the counterculture aesthetic
8:
826:"HBO Max Launches Free Episodes on Snapchat"
591:
589:
308:It has been suggested that this section be
450:Recording Industry Association of America
966:"The Absurdity of TikTok Sludge Content"
796:Blancaflor, Saleah (September 8, 2023).
1213:Geiger Smith, Erin (January 15, 2013).
585:
20:Copyright infringement and social media
1131:
1129:
937:Snyder, Kristin (February 10, 2023).
908:
906:
904:
798:"Is TikTok the future of television?"
312:out into another article titled
7:
1355:Weaver, Jackson (January 18, 2023).
1136:Falcon, Russell (January 13, 2024).
880:Weatherbed, Jess (October 3, 2023).
495:, the National Party illegally used
258:(2004) onto TikTok in October 2023.
711:Gartenberg, Chaim (July 13, 2018).
1239:Herrman, John (January 16, 2013).
1185:Kaufman, Gil (September 1, 2020).
1073:Mattson, Anna (January 10, 2024).
1019:Winslow, Levi (February 2, 2023).
964:Lingenfelter, Jules (2023-03-17).
540:(2010), AFP argued that Twitter's
491:" in a campaign video. During the
440:The Russian social media platform
14:
1047:Ede-Osifo, Uwa (April 26, 2023).
852:Webster, Andrew (June 27, 2023).
742:Weaver, Jackson (June 13, 2023).
493:2014 New Zealand general election
263:2023 New Zealand general election
182:that received limited attention.
1105:Castello, Jay (March 24, 2023).
824:Spangler, Todd (July 20, 2021).
503:". The party was ordered to pay
299:
36:Digital Millennium Copyright Act
1295:Brian, Matt (April 28, 2017).
1267:Opam, Kwame (April 12, 2016).
683:Murty, Megha (June 27, 2023).
408:resurgence to sludge content.
238:released the first episode of
1:
1323:Lumb, David (July 24, 2017).
1157:Silver, Joe (April 3, 2014).
768:Marsh, Calum (June 8, 2023).
596:Nover, Scott (May 19, 2023).
538:Agence France Presse v. Morel
118:Transformers: The Last Knight
655:Peters, Jay (May 18, 2023).
95:Film and television industry
522:ruled in January 2013 that
70:The Super Mario Bros. Movie
1406:
430:New Zealand National Party
44:Communications Decency Act
252:uploaded the entirety of
389:, political commentator
275:(2023) to criticize the
64:Avatar: The Way of Water
416:. Companies, including
1385:Copyright infringement
1192:The Hollywood Reporter
487:sued Trump for using "
479:Former U.S. president
466:Universal Music Russia
344:—itself rooted within
248:praised the decision.
131:(2018). Facebook told
572:behavioral scientist
534:2010 Haiti earthquake
157:Malcolm in the Middle
524:Agence France-Presse
476:million in damages.
397:, the developers of
219:The Flight Attendant
128:Ant-Man and the Wasp
112:The Greatest Showman
22:involves the use of
1080:Scientific American
918:Hudson Gavin Martin
556:Preventive measures
550:The Washington Post
529:The Washington Post
775:The New York Times
627:(April 30, 2023).
570:Cornell University
269:used footage from
250:Paramount Pictures
989:Nolan, Beatrice.
332:
331:
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225:Lovecraft Country
88:Top Gun: Maverick
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470:Warner Music UK
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231:Game of Thrones
151:The Good Doctor
97:
76:Shrek the Third
55:Under Elon Musk
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403:Subway Surfers
399:Subway Surfers
355:Subway Surfers
350:endless runner
330:
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315:Sludge content
307:
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291:Sludge content
289:
170:'s revival of
145:Temple Grandin
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520:Alison Nathan
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501:Lose Yourself
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410:Digital media
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1390:Social media
1364:. Retrieved
1334:. Retrieved
1328:
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1300:
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1278:. Retrieved
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1250:. Retrieved
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1222:. Retrieved
1208:
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1190:
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1168:. Retrieved
1164:Ars Technica
1162:
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1084:. Retrieved
1078:
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1056:. Retrieved
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998:. Retrieved
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885:
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857:
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807:. Retrieved
803:Fast Company
801:
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779:. Retrieved
773:
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751:. Retrieved
722:. Retrieved
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694:. Retrieved
688:
678:
666:. Retrieved
660:
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638:. Retrieved
632:
625:Patel, Nilay
619:
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601:
568:
559:
549:
546:Getty Images
537:
527:
514:
511:User content
481:Donald Trump
478:
439:
414:multitasking
402:
398:
380:
371:
365:
359:
353:
352:mobile game
346:Generation Z
335:
333:
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285:Warner Bros.
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24:social media
19:
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505:NZ$ 225,000
458:Pavel Durov
391:Hasan Piker
387:DragonForce
383:power metal
267:Green Party
212:Gossip Girl
201:. In 2021,
40:Section 230
1379:Categories
1086:2024-09-05
1000:2024-09-05
975:2024-09-05
950:2024-09-05
923:2023-09-19
893:October 3,
580:References
526:(AFP) and
485:Eddy Grant
462:Sony Music
395:SYBO Games
372:Family Guy
367:South Park
361:Family Guy
255:Mean Girls
192:Killing It
173:Clone High
125:copies of
30:Background
1274:The Verge
887:The Verge
859:The Verge
718:The Verge
662:The Verge
634:The Verge
507:in 2018.
376:jump cuts
246:Elon Musk
236:Apple TV+
179:Jury Duty
82:The Flash
1361:CBC News
1330:Engadget
1302:Engadget
1053:NBC News
970:34st.com
748:CBC News
565:Analysis
548:, where
464:Russia,
342:corecore
277:National
261:For the
207:Snapchat
148:(2010),
115:(2017),
107:Facebook
91:(2022).
79:(2007),
73:(2023),
67:(2022),
1219:Reuters
1112:Polygon
831:Variety
474:US$ 1.4
418:Visible
320:Discuss
203:HBO Max
187:Peacock
59:Twitter
50:History
42:of the
1026:Kotaku
944:Dot.la
603:Quartz
518:judge
497:Eminem
468:, and
448:. The
424:, and
337:Kotaku
281:Labour
272:Barbie
265:, the
228:, and
214:reboot
198:Bupkis
154:, and
140:TikTok
536:. In
422:Pepsi
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385:band
310:split
1368:2023
1338:2023
1310:2023
1282:2023
1254:2023
1226:2023
1200:2023
1172:2023
1143:KTLA
1120:2023
1060:2023
1034:2023
895:2023
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