287:
112:
513:
623:
505:
471:
31:
402:
88:, usually beginning with failure of this firebox plate, were common. It was known that an arched structure was stronger than a flat plate and so a large circular flue tube was placed inside the boiler shell. The fire itself was on an iron grating placed across this flue, with a shallow ashpan beneath to collect the non-combustible residue. This had the additional advantage of wrapping the heating surface closely around the furnace, but that was a secondary benefit.
160:
635:'s work on the Lancashire boiler had demonstrated the efficiency virtues of multiple furnaces relative to a reduced water volume. It was also widely understood that higher steam pressures improved the efficiency of engines. Fairbairn's research on the strength of cylinders led him to design another improved boiler, based around far-smaller tube diameters, which would thus be able to operate at higher pressures, typically 150
217:
328:
316:
304:
286:
643:). This was the "five tube" boiler, whose five tubes were arranged in two nested pairs as water drum and furnace, with the remaining tube mounted above them as a separate steam drum. The water volume was extremely low compared to previous boiler designs, as the furnace tubes almost filled each of the water drums.
551:
The difficulties of the
Cornish boiler were that a boiler of any particular power would require a known area of furnace tube as the heating area. Longer tubes required a longer and more expensive boiler shell. They also reduced the ratio of grate area relative to the heating area, making it difficult
547:
grate area relative to the volume of water. A particular reason for this was the so-far poor adoption of the
Cornish boiler in the cotton mills of Lancashire, where the harder local coal couldn't be burned satisfactorily in the smaller furnace, in favour of the older low-pressure wagon boiler and its
478:
The
Butterley or "whistle mouth" boiler is a little-known design derived from the Cornish pattern, produced by the noted Butterley boilerworks of Derbyshire. It is basically a Cornish boiler with the lower half of the shell around the furnace removed, so as to permit a large fire to be lit. This made
432:-built chamber. Exhaust gases passed through the central flue and then routed outside and around the iron boiler shell. To keep the chimney clear of the firing space, the brick flue passed first underneath the centre of the boiler to the front face, then back again along the sides and to the chimney.
646:
The boiler was successful according to its goals and provided two large furnaces in a small water capacity. The separate steam drum also aided the production of "dry" steam, without the carryover of water and risk of priming. However it was also complex to manufacture, and did not offer a great deal
609:
Although the
Lancashire boiler is considered to be an antiquated design, provided that the flue is long enough it can be reasonably efficient. This does lead to a bulky boiler though, particularly for its length, and this has always limited its use to stationary installations. It was the standard
208:
plates, must have been complicated by
Trevithick's single long-travel horizontal cylinder (9 in Ă— 36 in (230 mm Ă— 910 mm) diameterĂ—stroke) which emerged through this domed end. This did make work easier for the fireman though, as he was no longer trying to reach a
559:
The patent showed another advantage of twin furnaces. By firing them alternately and closing the firebox door between firings, it was also possible to arrange a supply of air past the furnace (in the case of a
Lancashire boiler, through the ashpan beneath the grate) which would encourage the
579:(after their inventor, patented in either 1848 or 1851) crosswise water tubes across the flue, thus increasing the heated surface area. As these are short tubes of large diameter and the boiler continues to use relatively low pressure, this is still not considered a
858:
447:. A less obvious advantage was that of boiler scale. Wagon or haystack boilers were heated from beneath and any scale or impurities that formed a sediment settled upon this plate, insulating it from the water. This reduced heating efficiency and could
605:
Its maximum pressure is 20 bar (290 psi). The maximum diameter of the boiler is 3 m (9.8 ft), has two fire tubes of length varying from 6–10 m (20–33 ft) and diameter of .8–1 m (2.6–3.3 ft)
491:
placed in front of it with a larger fire beneath that. It suffers the same drawback as the wagon boiler: the concave firebox plate is mechanically weak and this either limits the working pressure or requires extra mechanical
77:. These boilers appeared around the start of the 19th century and some forms remain in service today. Although mostly used for static steam plants, some were used in early steam vehicles, railway locomotives and ships.
564:
produced by the fire to burn more completely and cleanly, thus reducing smoke and pollution. A key factor in this was the distinctive shuttered rotating air damper in the door, which became a feature from the 1840s.
552:
to maintain an adequate fire. Increasing the tube diameter reduced the depth of water covering the furnace tube and so increased the need for accurate control of water level by the fireman, or else the risk of
204:) began to show one characteristic feature of the return-flued boiler, a prominent dome shape to resist steam pressure in the solid end opposite both furnace and chimney. In this case, the boilermaking, now of
392:
had become ubiquitous for traction engines. Compared to this, the advantage of the Huber boiler was that the firetubes could be replaced more easily, without needing to work from within an enclosed firebox.
451:
lead to local overheating and failure of the boiler plates. In the flued boiler, any sediment fell past the furnace flue and settled out at the bottom of the boiler shell, where it had less effect.
556:. Fairbairn's studies of hoop stress in cylinders also showed that smaller tubes were stronger than larger tubes. His solution was simple: to replace one large furnace tube with two smaller ones.
99:)) today, this was regarded as high pressure compared to its predecessors. This increase in pressure was a major factor in making locomotives (i.e. small self-moving vehicles) such as
1402:
373:
above and around the firedoor. The proximity of this smokebox to the fireman led to their nickname of "belly burners". Their design thus has more in common with the horizontal
524:
and John
Hetherington in 1844, although their patent was for the method of firing the furnaces alternately, so as to reduce smoke, rather than the boiler itself.
520:
The
Lancashire boiler is similar to the Cornish, but has two large flues containing the fires instead of one. It is generally considered to be the invention of
111:
916:
439:: they were composed of mostly curved surfaces, better to resist the pressure. Their flat ends were smaller than the flat sides of the wagon boiler and were
512:
1118:
856:, Fairbairn, William & Hetherington, John, "Certain improvements in steam boilers, and in the furnaces and flues connected therewith"
1395:
2277:
487:
than the Welsh coal used in the South West and required a larger fire. Alternatively it may be considered as a shortened
Cornish boiler with a
1388:
543:
Fairbairn had made a theoretical study of the thermodynamics of more efficient boilers, and it was this that had led him to increase the
462:), is an excellent choice for gas-fired boilers and model steam boats. It is simple to build and as efficient as any small-scale boiler.
1852:
622:
331:
122:
The simplest boiler for locomotives had a single straight flue. It was widely used by many of the early locomotive makers, including
1847:
1047:
1016:
804:
752:
707:
2352:
2311:
2223:
598:, where the two furnaces join together into a single flue, kidney-shaped in cross-section. This widened and flat-topped flue was
504:
470:
362:
boilers. They had a single large cylindrical furnace tube, a combustion chamber external to the boiler's pressure shell, then
69:. A flued boiler is characterized by a large cylindrical boiler shell forming a tank of water, traversed by one or more large
2282:
2117:
1926:
1288:
80:
Flued boilers were developed in an attempt to raise steam pressures and improve engine efficiency. Early haystack designs of
339:
The last return-flue boilers constructed (other than some stationary boilers) are often considered to be those built by the
417:
in 1812. This is a long horizontal cylinder with a single large flue containing the fire. As the furnace relied on natural
1570:
1956:
1946:
2150:
2014:
1995:
1986:
1870:
1482:
1425:
139:
This type of boiler is simple to manufacture and strong enough to support "high pressure" (for the period) steam with
170:
A simple flue must be long if it is to offer adequate heating area. In a short boiler shell, such as required for a
2357:
1764:
1231:
1176:
1008:
228:
163:
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1862:
1158:
254:
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1201:
871:
30:
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1966:
1911:
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1211:
652:
340:
143:
in the cylinders. There is also good gas flow through the large flue, so that the fire receives sufficient
2331:
2229:
2070:
1951:
1602:
1540:
1278:
699:
258:
of 1827 also used a return-flued boiler, although it is best known for its pioneering use of a deliberate
2287:
2196:
1921:
1842:
1815:
1545:
1530:
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1354:
1257:
1252:
1040:
991:
977:
636:
92:
2256:
37:'s engine of 1806 is built around an early example of a flued boiler (specifically, a return-flue type)
1941:
1880:
1741:
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1148:
1123:
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was very similar. Even though they appeared antiquated as soon as the Trials were over, the
Canadian
151:
alone. However it also has little heating area, so is inefficient and burns a large amount of coal.
2250:
1784:
1658:
1575:
1565:
1221:
590:, which absorb thermal expansion without straining the riveted seams. Another development was the "
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274:
197:
401:
2183:
2177:
2171:
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2158:
1746:
1181:
1133:
979:
Two Lectures: The Construction of Boilers, and On Boiler Explosions, with the means of prevention
544:
410:
378:
374:
181:
100:
74:
34:
425:
was required at the far end of the flue to encourage a good supply of air (oxygen) to the fire.
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1895:
1885:
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1095:
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987:
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had already demonstrated the use of twin furnace tubes within a boiler 15 years earlier.
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84:'s day were mechanically weak and often presented an unsupported flat surface to the fire.
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1971:
1890:
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62:
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1713:
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1075:
223:
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2003:
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61:. The design marked a transitional stage in boiler development, between the early
58:
216:
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2129:
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For efficiency, Trevithick's innovation was to encase beneath the boiler with a
268:
234:
2135:
2078:
1703:
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1507:
1313:
1308:
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561:
189:
81:
17:
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1916:
583:. The tubes are tapered to make their installation through the flue easier.
366:
319:
259:
201:
193:
166:
of 1813, showing the domed end of its return-flue boiler (centre of picture)
262:
to encourage draught on the fire. His lighter weight 0-4-0 version for the
1820:
1359:
1298:
818:
816:
568:
The use of two flues also has a strengthening effect, acting as two long
480:
370:
210:
941:
422:
148:
1936:
1673:
1056:
591:
50:
833:
831:
458:, the Cornish boiler, particularly when fitted with Galloway tubes (
1455:
621:
529:
511:
503:
469:
429:
400:
285:
239:
215:
158:
110:
54:
29:
647:
of heating area for the work involved. It was soon superseded by
1380:
278:
of this pattern was built in 1838 and still in service in 1883.
70:
1384:
1029:
443:
by the central furnace flue, and sometimes by additional long
690:
688:
686:
684:
246:, Hedley would have been familiar with Trevithick's engine.
822:
1025:
872:
Mechanics' Magazine, Museum, Register, Journal and Gazette
435:
Cornish boilers had several advantages over the preceding
848:
846:
790:
788:
723:
721:
719:
413:'s "high-pressure" Cornish boiler, first installed at
226:
used this pattern of boiler for his 1813 locomotives
91:
Although considered as low-pressure (perhaps 25
865:
Fairburn, William; Hetherington, John (1845-02-22).
2270:
2241:
2214:
2195:
2149:
2102:
2055:
2046:
2013:
1994:
1985:
1904:
1861:
1833:
1803:
1755:
1727:
1681:
1672:
1588:
1516:
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1454:
1418:
1332:
1271:
1245:
1167:
1109:
1063:
929:
896:
837:
779:
767:
296:
184:had already used a return flue with his first 1802
474:Butterley boiler, from Fairbairn's lecture of 1851
385:than they do with the simple single-flue boiler.
332:Huber advertisement, and boiler sectional diagram
867:"Abstracts of English patents recently enrolled"
956:Molesworth's Pocket Book of Engineering Formula
516:Lancashire boiler at Pinchbeck Pumping Station
1396:
1041:
8:
917:Museum of Science & Industry, Manchester
192:engine. These boilers were heavily built of
958:(21st ed.). London: Spon. p. 467.
942:Fairbairn, Useful Information for Engineers
508:Lancashire boiler, from Fairbairn's lecture
483:, where the hard Northern coal was of less
358:boilers in the sense used here, but rather
2052:
1991:
1678:
1460:
1403:
1389:
1381:
1048:
1034:
1026:
213:beneath the long crosshead of the piston.
49:is an early and relatively simple form of
696:The British Railway Locomotive, 1803–1853
2278:Glossary of steam locomotive components
680:
479:it popular in the textile mills of the
174:, this may be done by using a U-shaped
57:, usually for the purpose of driving a
409:The simplest form of flued boiler was
293:
7:
732:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
196:, short and flat-ended. His 1804/5 "
2130:National Museum of Scotland engine
25:
954:Molesworth, Guildford L. (1882).
27:Type of boiler used to make steam
2312:List of steam technology patents
993:Useful Information for Engineers
976:(1851). "On Boiler Explosions".
617:
369:returning to a horseshoe-shaped
354:These were not, however, return-
326:
314:
302:
200:" locomotive (actually built in
823:Fairbairn, On Boiler Explosions
2297:Murdoch's model steam carriage
2283:History of steam road vehicles
1289:Internally rifled boiler tubes
797:Model Boilers and Boilermaking
602:by the use of Galloway tubes.
586:Lancashire boilers often show
103:into a practical proposition.
1:
2224:Murray's Hypocycloidal Engine
572:that support the end plates.
320:Huber traction engine of 1897
1947:Return connecting rod engine
626:Fairbairn five-tube boiler,
618:Fairbairn's five-tube boiler
460:see Lancashire Boiler, below
1871:Condensing steam locomotive
743:David Burgess Wise (1973).
308:"New Huber" traction engine
188:locomotive design and 1804
178:that bends back on itself.
2374:
2178:"Coalbrookdale Locomotive"
1009:Cambridge University Press
1001:Hills, Richard L. (1989).
147:from the action of a tall
2184:"Pen-y-Darren" locomotive
1853:Single- and double-acting
575:Later developments added
325:
313:
301:
65:and the later multi-tube
2023:Newcomen Memorial Engine
2353:Early steam locomotives
2327:Timeline of steam power
2322:Stationary steam engine
2205:Woolf's compound engine
2112:Soho Manufactory engine
1967:Steeple compound engine
1634:straight line mechanism
930:Hills, Power from Steam
897:Hills, Power from Steam
838:Hills, Power from Steam
780:Hills, Power from Steam
768:Hills, Power from Steam
242:colliery and its owner
126:'s locomotives for the
2332:Water-returning engine
2306:Lean's Engine Reporter
2079:Chacewater Mine engine
1952:Six-column beam engine
747:. Hamlyn. p. 26.
629:
517:
509:
475:
406:
347:for their "New Huber"
291:
220:
167:
119:
38:
2172:London Steam Carriage
1258:Electric water boiler
1253:Electric steam boiler
795:K. N. Harris (1974).
625:
610:boiler in Lancashire
515:
507:
473:
404:
351:, from 1885 to 1903.
289:
219:
162:
114:
33:
2118:Bradley Works engine
1942:Reciprocating engine
1765:Babcock & Wilcox
1608:Centrifugal governor
1177:Babcock & Wilcox
728:Snell, J.B. (1964).
669:Scotch marine boiler
383:Scotch marine boiler
244:Christopher Blackett
1659:Sun and planet gear
996:. London: Longmans.
910:"Lancashire Boiler"
375:launch-type boilers
155:Return-flue boilers
107:Centre-flue boilers
2159:Richard Trevithick
1757:Water-tube boilers
1571:Gresley conjugated
1333:Boiler peripherals
1169:Water-tube boilers
988:Fairbairn, William
974:Fairbairn, William
649:multi-tube boilers
630:
518:
510:
476:
411:Richard Trevithick
407:
388:By this time, the
379:Sir Arthur Heywood
292:
221:
182:Richard Trevithick
168:
120:
39:
2358:Fire-tube boilers
2340:
2339:
2266:
2265:
2145:
2144:
1829:
1828:
1729:Fire-tube boilers
1584:
1583:
1378:
1377:
1272:Boiler components
1111:Fire-tube boilers
745:Steam on the Road
633:William Fairbairn
581:water-tube boiler
522:William Fairbairn
500:Lancashire boiler
456:model engineering
390:locomotive boiler
337:
336:
250:Timothy Hackworth
141:expansive working
130:and Stephenson's
128:Middleton Railway
86:Boiler explosions
67:fire-tube boilers
16:(Redirected from
2365:
2290:fardier Ă vapeur
2124:Whitbread Engine
2085:Smethwick Engine
2053:
1992:
1811:Feedwater heater
1679:
1461:
1405:
1398:
1391:
1382:
1350:Feedwater heater
1263:Electrode boiler
1246:Electric boilers
1050:
1043:
1036:
1027:
1022:
1004:Power from Steam
997:
983:
960:
959:
951:
945:
939:
933:
927:
921:
920:
914:
906:
900:
894:
888:
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771:
765:
759:
758:
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734:
733:
725:
714:
713:
692:
653:Fairbairn-Beeley
588:corrugated flues
554:boiler explosion
536:Lancashire Witch
466:Butterley boiler
364:multiple, narrow
349:traction engines
330:
329:
318:
317:
306:
305:
294:
172:steam locomotive
133:Locomotion No. 1
63:haystack boilers
21:
2373:
2372:
2368:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2362:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2336:
2262:
2237:
2210:
2191:
2141:
2098:
2042:
2030:Fairbottom Bobs
2015:Newcomen engine
2009:
1981:
1927:Expansion valve
1900:
1886:Watt's separate
1857:
1825:
1799:
1751:
1723:
1668:
1644:Parallel motion
1580:
1531:Stephenson link
1512:
1450:
1419:Operating cycle
1414:
1409:
1379:
1374:
1328:
1267:
1241:
1163:
1105:
1059:
1054:
1019:
1011:. p. 103.
1000:
986:
972:
969:
967:Further reading
964:
963:
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952:
948:
940:
936:
928:
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895:
891:
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879:(1124): 121–122
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742:
741:
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727:
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717:
710:
694:
693:
682:
677:
665:
627:
620:
596:Galloway boiler
502:
485:calorific value
468:
399:
327:
315:
303:
297:External images
284:
264:Rainhill Trials
157:
109:
73:containing the
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2076:
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2065:Kinneil Engine
2061:
2059:
2050:
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2043:
2041:
2040:
2037:Elsecar Engine
2034:
2026:
2019:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2000:
1998:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1980:
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1969:
1964:
1959:
1957:Steeple engine
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1816:Feedwater pump
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1696:
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1683:
1682:Simple boilers
1676:
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1667:
1666:
1664:Watt's linkage
1661:
1656:
1651:
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1641:
1636:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1613:Connecting rod
1610:
1605:
1600:
1594:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1522:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1467:
1465:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1415:
1410:
1408:
1407:
1400:
1393:
1385:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1372:
1367:
1365:Snifting valve
1362:
1357:
1355:Feedwater pump
1352:
1347:
1342:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1319:Thermic siphon
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1275:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1173:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1115:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1067:
1065:
1064:Simple boilers
1061:
1060:
1055:
1053:
1052:
1045:
1038:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1017:
998:
984:
968:
965:
962:
961:
946:
934:
932:, p. 134.
922:
901:
899:, p. 138.
889:
842:
840:, p. 133.
827:
812:
805:
784:
782:, p. 129.
772:
770:, p. 103.
760:
753:
735:
730:Early Railways
715:
708:
700:Science Museum
679:
678:
676:
673:
672:
671:
664:
661:
619:
616:
577:Galloway tubes
501:
498:
467:
464:
405:Cornish boiler
398:
397:Cornish boiler
395:
335:
334:
323:
322:
311:
310:
299:
298:
283:
280:
238:. Through the
224:William Hedley
190:"Pen-y-Darren"
156:
153:
108:
105:
26:
24:
18:Cornish boiler
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2370:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2286:
2285:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2269:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2240:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2213:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2194:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2165:Puffing Devil
2162:
2161:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2151:High-pressure
2148:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2104:Rotative beam
2101:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2005:
2004:Savery Engine
2002:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1984:
1978:
1977:Working fluid
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1903:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1754:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1654:Rotative beam
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1631:hypocycloidal
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1412:Steam engines
1406:
1401:
1399:
1394:
1392:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1340:Air preheater
1338:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1124:Franco-Crosti
1122:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1051:
1046:
1044:
1039:
1037:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1020:
1018:0-521-45834-X
1014:
1010:
1006:
1005:
999:
995:
994:
989:
985:
982:. p. 20.
981:
980:
975:
971:
970:
966:
957:
950:
947:
943:
938:
935:
931:
926:
923:
918:
911:
905:
902:
898:
893:
890:
878:
874:
873:
868:
855:
849:
847:
843:
839:
834:
832:
828:
824:
819:
817:
813:
808:
806:0-85242-377-2
802:
798:
791:
789:
785:
781:
776:
773:
769:
764:
761:
756:
754:0-600-38018-1
750:
746:
739:
736:
731:
724:
722:
720:
716:
711:
709:0-11-290152-2
705:
701:
697:
691:
689:
687:
685:
681:
674:
670:
667:
666:
662:
660:
658:
654:
650:
644:
642:
638:
634:
624:
615:
613:
607:
603:
601:
597:
593:
589:
584:
582:
578:
573:
571:
566:
563:
557:
555:
549:
548:large grate.
546:
541:
539:
537:
531:
527:
523:
514:
506:
499:
497:
495:
490:
486:
482:
472:
465:
463:
461:
457:
452:
450:
446:
442:
438:
437:wagon boilers
433:
431:
426:
424:
420:
416:
415:Dolcoath mine
412:
403:
396:
394:
391:
386:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
365:
361:
357:
352:
350:
346:
342:
333:
324:
321:
312:
309:
300:
295:
288:
282:Huber boilers
281:
279:
277:
276:
271:
270:
265:
261:
257:
256:
251:
247:
245:
241:
237:
236:
231:
230:
229:Puffing Billy
225:
218:
214:
212:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
186:Coalbrookdale
183:
179:
177:
173:
165:
164:Puffing Billy
161:
154:
152:
150:
146:
142:
137:
135:
134:
129:
125:
117:
113:
106:
104:
102:
98:
94:
89:
87:
83:
78:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
53:used to make
52:
48:
44:
36:
32:
19:
2317:Modern steam
2304:
2289:
2251:Porter-Allen
2230:
2164:
2091:
2071:
2028:
1962:Safety valve
1891:"Pickle-pot"
1785:Thimble tube
1708:
1345:Boiler water
1294:Safety valve
1284:Fusible plug
1222:Thimble tube
1085:
1003:
992:
978:
955:
949:
937:
925:
904:
892:
881:. Retrieved
876:
870:
796:
775:
763:
744:
738:
729:
695:
651:such as the
645:
639:(1,000
631:
612:cotton mills
608:
604:
585:
574:
567:
558:
550:
542:
533:
519:
489:wagon boiler
477:
459:
453:
448:
434:
427:
408:
387:
377:(as used by
363:
359:
355:
353:
345:Marion, Ohio
338:
290:Huber boiler
273:
267:
255:Royal George
253:
248:
233:
227:
222:
206:wrought iron
180:
175:
169:
138:
131:
121:
101:Trevithick's
90:
79:
59:steam engine
47:flued boiler
46:
42:
40:
2048:Watt engine
1848:Oscillating
1804:Boiler feed
1649:Plate chain
1628:Tusi couple
1541:Walschaerts
1426:Atmospheric
1370:Superheater
1324:Water gauge
1182:Corner tube
628:end section
532:locomotive
449:in extremis
360:return-tube
269:Sans Pareil
235:Wylam Dilly
176:return flue
2347:Categories
2257:Ljungström
2243:High-speed
2136:Lap Engine
2092:Resolution
1996:Precursors
1881:Kirchweger
1843:Locomotive
1790:Three-drum
1770:Field-tube
1737:Locomotive
1719:Lancashire
1639:Link chain
1623:Crankshaft
1590:Mechanisms
1518:Valve gear
1314:Steam drum
1309:Steam dome
1227:Three-drum
1187:Field-tube
1154:Transverse
1139:Locomotive
1096:Lancashire
883:2022-03-04
675:References
562:flue gases
526:Stephenson
367:fire-tubes
124:Blenkinsop
118:locomotive
95:(1.7
35:Trevithick
2288:Cugnot's
2231:Salamanca
1932:Hydrolock
1917:Crosshead
1863:Condenser
1699:Egg-ended
1081:Egg-ended
659:boilers.
594:flue" or
570:rod stays
528:'s early
445:rod stays
421:, a tall
381:) or the
260:blastpipe
252:'s 0-6-0
202:Gateshead
198:Newcastle
194:cast iron
116:Middleton
2271:See also
2197:Compound
2072:Old Bess
1912:Blowback
1835:Cylinder
1821:Injector
1780:Stirling
1775:Sentinel
1689:Haystack
1603:Cataract
1576:Southern
1566:Caprotti
1441:Compound
1360:Injector
1299:Smokebox
1232:Vertical
1217:Stirling
1207:Sentinel
1202:Monotube
1159:Vertical
1091:Haystack
990:(1856).
854:GB 10166
702:. 1958.
663:See also
655:and the
481:Pennines
371:smokebox
211:firedoor
1987:History
1896:Surface
1714:Cornish
1674:Boilers
1556:Corliss
1493:Corliss
1476:D slide
1446:Uniflow
1436:Cornish
1279:Firebox
1129:Haycock
1119:Cochran
1076:Cornish
1057:Boilers
799:. MAP.
545:furnace
494:staying
423:chimney
419:draught
343:Co. of
149:chimney
145:draught
75:furnace
2299:(1784)
2293:(1769)
2259:(1908)
2253:(1862)
2234:(1812)
2226:(1805)
2216:Murray
2207:(1803)
2186:(1804)
2180:(1803)
2174:(1803)
2168:(1801)
2138:(1788)
2132:(1786)
2126:(1785)
2120:(1783)
2114:(1782)
2095:(1781)
2087:(1779)
2081:(1778)
2075:(1777)
2067:(1768)
2039:(1795)
2033:(1760)
2025:(1725)
2006:(1698)
1972:Stroke
1937:Piston
1922:Cutoff
1795:Yarrow
1747:Launch
1742:Scotch
1503:Sleeve
1498:Poppet
1483:Piston
1464:Valves
1456:Valves
1237:Yarrow
1212:Spiral
1197:LaMont
1149:Scotch
1144:Pistol
1134:Launch
1015:
860:
803:
751:
706:
657:Scotch
600:stayed
592:kidney
441:stayed
275:Samson
51:boiler
1905:Other
1709:Flued
1694:Wagon
1618:Crank
1561:Lentz
1551:Baker
1546:Allan
1471:Slide
1192:Flash
1101:Wagon
1086:Flued
913:(PDF)
530:0-4-0
430:brick
341:Huber
240:Wylam
71:flues
55:steam
43:shell
2057:Beam
1598:Beam
1508:Bash
1488:Drop
1431:Watt
1304:Stay
1013:ISBN
801:ISBN
749:ISBN
704:ISBN
356:flue
232:and
82:Watt
1876:Jet
1704:Box
1536:Joy
1526:Gab
1071:Box
863:in
641:kPa
637:psi
454:In
97:atm
93:psi
45:or
2349::
1007:.
915:.
877:42
875:.
869:.
845:^
830:^
815:^
787:^
718:^
698:.
683:^
614:.
496:.
266:,
136:.
41:A
1404:e
1397:t
1390:v
1049:e
1042:t
1035:v
1021:.
944:.
919:.
886:.
825:.
809:.
757:.
712:.
538:"
534:"
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
