202:
2180:
188:
667:
720:
706:
1647:
1107:
233:
1772:, representatives of the crown, which supervised the city councils. In religion, they reformed religious orders and sought unity of the various sections of the church. They pressured Jews to convert to Catholicism, in some cases persecuted by the Inquisition. Finally in 1492, the monarchs decided that those who would not convert would be expelled. It is estimated that between 50,000 and 70,000 people were expelled from Castile. From 1502 onwards, they began to convert the Muslim population.
653:
1264:
1534:
223:
692:
1721:
5452:
1733:. Despite their titles of "Monarchs of Castile, Leon, Aragon and Sicily" Ferdinand and Isabella reigned over their respective territories, although they also took decisions together. Its central position, larger territorial area (three times greater than that of Aragon) and larger population (4.3 million as opposed to the 1 million in Aragon) led to Castile becoming the dominating partner in the union.
2188:
5442:
2088:
243:
639:
43:
2172:
5462:
1890:
2015:, many members were bribed and others denied entry, with the result that the subsidy was approved. Those members who voted in favour were attacked by the Castilian people and their houses were burned. Parliament was not the only opposition which Charles would come up against. When he left Castile in 1520, the
2928:
Mas que con los Reyes Católicos (a finales del siglo XV), como todavia suele repetirse, es a partir de Felipe V (a principios del sigo XVIII) cuando podemos comenzar a considerar España como un Estado auténticamente unificado o, mejor, unitario: es a partir de entonces cuando podemos empezar a hablar
2886:
Louis XIV accepted on behald of his grandson, who succeeded as Philip V on condition that the Crowns of France and Spain should never be united. (...) This provoked the great War of the
Spanish Succession. (...) Barcelona fell in 1714 and the Aragonese privileges were abolished. Spain had become one
2493:
In the viceroyalties the viceroy, whose term etymologically means "in the place of the king", concentrated all public power. They were freely appointed and removed by the
Monarch, when the sovereign wanted he/she could remove the viceroy from the office. In New Spain and Peru they played the role of
2024:
were defeated one year later (1521). After their defeat, Parliament was reduced to a merely consultative body. To prevent Joanna from being proposed to be an alternative monarch by opponents again, Charles continued her confinement until her death in 1555, after which
Charles became the only monarch
1848:
in the case that Joanna "didn't want to or couldn't fulfil her duties". In the 'Salamanca
Agreement' of 1505, it was decided that the government would be shared by Philip I, Ferdinand V and Joanna. However, poor relations between Phillip, who was supported by the Castilian nobility, and Ferdinand
1860:
in 1506 King
Ferdinand the Catholic renounced not only the government of Castile in favour of his son-in-law Philip I of Castile but also the lordship of the Indies, withholding a half of the income of the kingdoms of the Indies. Joanna of Castile and Philip immediately added to their titles the
1728:
After
Isabella's victory in the civil war and Ferdinand's ascension to the Aragonese throne the two crowns were united under the same monarchs. However, this was a personal union and both kingdoms remained administratively separate to some extent, each maintaining largely its own laws; both
2002:
came through
Castile which was one of the more dynamic, rich, and advanced territories in Europe in the 16th century. It started to realise that it could become immersed within an empire. This, added to the broken promise of Charles, only increased hostility towards the king. In 1520 in
935:. The Kingdom of Castile appeared initially as a county of the Kingdom of León. From the second half of the 10th century to the first half of the 11th century it changed hands between León and the Kingdom of Navarre. In the 11th century, it became a kingdom in its own right.
2677:
The new kingdom of
Castile had roughly tripled in size to some 335,000 square kilometers by 1300 but, at the same time, its population had increased by the same factor, from one to three millions, so that the average density remained steady at about 8.5 persons per square
1319:
Some scholars think that the substitution of
Castilian for Latin was due to the strength of the new language, whereas others consider that it was due to the influence of Hebrew-speaking intellectuals who were hostile towards Latin, the language of the Christian Church.
1388:
1464:, restoring Pedro's control of the kingdom. The Black Prince, seeing that the king would not reimburse his expenses, left Castile. Henry, who had fled to France, took advantage of the opportunity and recommenced the fight. Henry finally was victorious in 1369 in the
2019:
broke out, and the revolts released Joanna, claiming to support her to be the sole monarch and encouraging her to agree the dethronement of
Charles. While sympathetic to revolts, Joanna however refused to sign any documents to support them or depose her son.
1129:
Almost immediately after the union of the two kingdoms under Ferdinand III, the parliaments of Castile and León were united. It was divided into three estates, which corresponded with the nobility, the church and the cities, and included representation from
2130:, the creation of a new army of 140,000 reservists. Every territory within the kingdom contributed citizens proportionally in order to maintain the force. His aims of union did not work and the Spanish Crown continued as a confederation of kingdoms.
2051:
In fact, since the reign of Charles I the financial burden of the empire had fallen mainly on Castile, but under Philip II the cost quadrupled. During his reign, as well as increasing existing taxes he created some new ones, among them the
1819:
on the north coast of North Africa. After Castile's conquest of the Kingdom of Granada, its politics turned towards the Mediterranean, and Castile militarily helped Aragon in its problems with France, culminating in the reconquest of
1414:
and town councils' interests. A substantial transfer from the royal patrimony to the nobles ensued upon the prevail of the Trastámaras in the conflict. Likewise, the resulting dynastic change ran parallel to a radicalization of the
1709:, under which Isabella would ascend to the Castilian throne on his death only if her suitor was approved by him. Henry wanted to ally Castile with Portugal or France rather than Aragon. He therefore decided to name his daughter
1576:, the most influential person in court and allied with the lesser nobility, the cities, the clergy, and the Jews. This brought together the mutual dislikes of the king shared by the greater Castilian nobility and the Aragonese
1689:. Consequently, Ferdinand's father forged a papal dispensation for the two to marry. Isabella believed that the dispensation was authentic and the marriage went ahead. A genuine papal dispensation arrived afterwards. Later
1752:(the Holy Brotherhood), which was staffed and funded by the municipalities. They also took further measures against the nobility, destroying feudal castles, prohibiting private wars and reducing the power of the
1986:
Jean de Sauvage as its president. This caused angry protests in the parliament, which rejected the presence of foreigners in its deliberations. Despite threats, the parliament led by Juan de Zumel representing
1742:(Reconquest) the Castilian aristocracy had become very powerful. The monarchs needed to assert their authority over the nobility and the clergy. With this end in mind they founded a law enforcement body, the
1861:
kingdoms of Indies, Islands and Mainland of the Ocean Sea. Phillip died and Ferdinand returned in 1507 once again to be regent for Joanna. Her isolated confinement-imprisonment in the Santa Clara Convent at
1966:
citizens and had used Castilian money to fund his court. The Castilian nobility and the cities were on the verge of an uprising to defend their rights. Many Castilians favoured the king's younger brother
1229:"). Subsequent Cortes were celebrated separately, for example in 1301 that of Castile in Burgos and that of León in Zamora, but the representatives demanded that the parliaments be reunited from then on.
2060:; an act whereby all Moriscos had to abandon all Moorish traditions and become true Catholics. This edict limited religious, linguistic and cultural freedom of the Morisco population and provoked the
1407:
entailed a struggle of competing factions, with the former party being favoured by the Castilian nobility (and, to a lesser extent, the Clergy), whereas the latter party lied on the side of Jews',
1998:
Charles was conscious of the fact that he had options to become emperor and needed to impose his authority over Castile to gain access to its riches for his imperial goals. The riches from the
1038:
son of Ferdinand II in 1230. From then on the two kingdoms were united under the name of the Kingdom of León and Castile, or simply as the Crown of Castile. Ferdinand III later conquered the
1685:. Ferdinand and Isabella were related and had married without papal approval. Although Isabella wanted to marry Ferdinand, she refused to proceed with the marriage until she received a
2133:
Luis Méndez de Haro took over from Olivares as favourite Philip IV between 1659 and 1665. This was in order to alleviate interior conflicts sparked off by his predecessor (revolts in
4905:
2916:
5271:
5533:
5407:
2874:
2533:
201:
2152:
to govern, Spain suffered an economic slowdown and battles for power between the different 'favourites'. The death of Charles II in 1700 without descendants provoked the
820:, Islands and Mainland of the Ocean Sea were also a part of the Crown of Castile when transformed from lordships to kingdoms of the heirs of Castile in 1506, with the
1479:, Peter's daughter. In 1386, he claimed the Crown of Castile in the name of his wife, the legitimate heir according to the Cortes de Seville of 1361. He arrived in
4920:
2095:
In the previous kingdoms, positions in national institutions were filled by educated gentlemen. Philip II's administrators would normally come from either the
4997:
2107:
the nobility once again asserted their right to govern the country. In order to show that there was a new order ruling there was a cleansing of the blood of
2119:
1255:(1348) and the Leyes de Toro (1505). These laws continued to be in force until 1889, when a new Spanish civil code, the Código Civil Español, was enacted.
2978:
2749:
Díaz Ibáñez, Jorge (2019). "Iglesia, nobleza y poderes urbanos en la corona de Castilla durante la baja Edad Media. Una aproximación historiográfica".
5543:
2071:
Castile entered a phase of recession in 1575; Spain as a whole followed, which provoked the suspension of wages (the third of his reign). In 1590 the
1287:. But, as the century progressed, Castilian gained increasing prominence as the language of culture and communication – one example of this is the
1627:
1545:
royal power was restored, overshadowing the much powerful Castilian nobility. In his later years Henry delegated some of his power to his brother
187:
2443:
1587:
5548:
4875:
4685:
4067:
2763:
2480:
2476:
2278:
1147:
1050:, further extending the area of the Crown of Castile. Given this, the kings of the Crown of Castile traditionally styled themselves "King of
969:. From 1111 until 1126 Galicia was separate from the union under Alfonso VII. In 1157 the kingdoms were divided between Alfonso's sons, with
898:
did not formally abolish the Crown of Castile, the country (of Castile and Aragon) was called "Spain" by both contemporaries and historians.
1768:
into the supreme judicial bodies. The crown also sought to better control the cities, and so in 1480 in the Cortes of Toledo it created the
765:
that formed in 1230 as a result of the third and definitive union of the crowns and, some decades later, the parliaments of the kingdoms of
5528:
3193:
2383:
1991:, resisted and forced the king to respect the laws of Castile, remove all foreigners from important governmental posts, and learn to speak
1808:
1472:
829:
2900:
2664:
1240:
of the municipal councils of Castile, León, Extremadura and Andalucía-a unified legal code for the entire new kingdom was created in the
5538:
5331:
5306:
5246:
1869:
1442:
833:
519:
4737:
3737:
5422:
2910:
2868:
2658:
2401:
4957:
894:, supporters of their enemies. This unified the Crown of Aragon and the Crown of Castile into the kingdom of Spain. Even though the
5465:
5427:
3381:
2699:
1912:
received the Crown of Castile, the Crown of Aragon and the empire through a combination of dynastic marriages and premature deaths:
1626:
The King, besieged by riots and the demands of the nobles, had to sign a treaty in which he named as his successor his half-brother
1569:
1329:
126:
60:
2858:
955:
699:
5479:
1221:
of both kingdoms were held jointly. The Cortes of 1258 in Valladolid comprised representatives of Castile, Extremadura and León ("
2395:
2016:
1943:
4363:
2326:
Kingdom of Mexico/Reino de México (administered by the Royal Audience of Mexico, presided directly by the Vice-roy of New Spain)
1611:
unsuccessfully tried to re-establish the peace with the nobility that his father, John II, had shattered. When his second wife,
4925:
2484:
2407:
1968:
1714:
1706:
1631:
1603:
837:
107:
1681:
in 1479 when Ferdinand ascended to the Aragonese throne. This union however was not effective until the reign of his grandson
1312:
that it became the official language. Henceforth all public documents were written in Castilian, likewise all translations of
1122:
5291:
5231:
5203:
4962:
2971:
2335:
1935:, his grandfather, in 1516 he gained the rule of Aragon and Castile (with the Americas), in co-regency title with his mother
79:
64:
5208:
2179:
5377:
4801:
2153:
1951:
1717:
broke out over who would ascend to the throne. It lasted until 1479 when Isabella and her supporters came out victorious.
1682:
883:
532:
4796:
4680:
1476:
1352:
Furthermore, in the 13th century many universities were founded where instruction was in Castilian, such as the Leonese
86:
3843:
1630:, leaving Infanta Joanna out of the line of succession. After the death of Alfonso in an accident, Henry IV signed the
5523:
5518:
5387:
4806:
3525:
3333:
2079:; a new tax on food. This exhausted Castilian cities and hindered the economy. In 1596, pay was once again suspended.
1856:
of 1506, Ferdinand returned to Aragon and Phillip was recognized as King of Castile, with Joanna a co-monarch. In the
5080:
2353:
1758:(a governor-like military office in regions recently conquered). The monarchy incorporated military orders under the
1055:
1232:
Although the individual kingdoms and cities initially retained their individual historical rights-including the Old
5382:
5372:
5336:
5178:
3343:
3338:
3313:
3298:
2723:
2528:
2470:
2464:
1586:, who sought to control the Castilian crown. This eventually led to war in 1429 and 1430 between the two kingdoms.
1117:
399:
3476:
93:
5105:
4868:
4764:
3912:
3318:
3303:
3208:
2964:
2433:
2389:
2112:
1252:
5356:
4722:
4697:
4547:
4206:
4201:
3328:
2987:
2750:
2450:
2341:
2320:
2118:
Faced with the collapse of the Exchequer, in order to maintain the hegemony of Philip IV's Spanish Empire, the
1650:
1457:
1361:
1297:
1027:
778:
774:
459:
418:
1857:
1646:
1453:, among them the above-mentioned Henry, who disputed Peter's right to the throne once the latter became king.
821:
75:
5060:
5030:
4789:
4670:
4211:
4164:
4107:
3806:
3750:
3498:
3348:
3090:
2457:
2100:
2096:
1840:(nicknamed 'Philip the Handsome'). But Isabella knew of her daughter's possible mental health incapacities (
1353:
1106:
987:
970:
53:
4263:
3978:
3732:
232:
5417:
5173:
4947:
4811:
4712:
4707:
4395:
4343:
4196:
4100:
4085:
3745:
3699:
3540:
3427:
3293:
2439:
2347:
2008:
1932:
1662:
1620:
1550:
1518:
1510:
1484:
966:
943:
435:
307:
207:
3232:
2752:
Iglesia, nobleza y poderes urbanos en los reinos cristianos de la Península Ibérica durante la Edad Media
1014:. However, these western Basque territories saw their Navarrese charters confirmed under Castilian rule.
5236:
5085:
4742:
4702:
4515:
4390:
3454:
3444:
3403:
3374:
2807:
2377:
2303:
1958:
Charles I was not well received in Castile. This was partly because he was a foreign-born king (born in
1658:
1635:
1546:
1423:
1031:
974:
947:
431:
5128:
5055:
4635:
4630:
3085:
2260:
1438:
1035:
2929:
con propiedad de un rey de España o de una Corona de España y, consecuentemente de un Reino de España.
1939:. He maintained her confinement-imprisonment, so she was Queen of Aragon and of Castile in title only.
5455:
5397:
5193:
5100:
5070:
4861:
4835:
4665:
4615:
4510:
4441:
4412:
4331:
4233:
3665:
3503:
3493:
3030:
1849:
resulted in Ferdinand renouncing his regent's powers in Castile in order to avoid an armed conflict.
1804:
1710:
1616:
1542:
1506:
1309:
1214:
951:
895:
887:
809:
798:
545:
2449:
Kingdom of Quito or Presidency of Quito/Reino de Quito or Presidencia de Quito (administered by the
1271:
In the 13th century there were many languages spoken in the Kingdoms of León and Castile among them
5341:
5321:
5301:
5266:
5198:
5110:
4977:
4591:
4527:
4407:
4373:
4275:
4243:
4095:
4090:
3902:
3621:
3557:
3432:
3417:
3283:
3264:
3213:
3204:
3158:
2795:
2628:
2508:
2503:
2426:
2201:
2149:
2104:
1917:
1837:
1730:
1702:
1608:
1558:
1461:
1434:
1400:
1396:
1284:
1143:
1087:
1051:
1039:
932:
841:
607:
506:
463:
5441:
4640:
1568:
Upon the death of his mother, John II at the age of 14, took to the throne and married his cousin
5445:
5281:
5256:
5158:
5035:
4987:
4982:
4972:
4910:
4620:
4603:
4554:
4419:
4228:
4179:
4112:
4030:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3917:
3887:
3779:
3677:
3545:
3520:
3308:
3259:
3222:
3217:
3179:
3167:
3126:
3042:
3018:
2839:
2715:
2523:
2513:
2284:
2272:
2225:
2219:
2033:
1972:
1947:
1909:
1873:
1686:
1554:
1514:
1404:
1334:
1207:
1139:
1131:
1111:
1091:
991:
921:
766:
743:
672:
644:
476:
312:
28:
3162:
2518:
2266:
2207:
1456:
In the resulting struggle, in which both brothers claimed to be king, Pedro allied himself with
1263:
1135:
917:
770:
658:
480:
5183:
5153:
5143:
5133:
5050:
5040:
5025:
4892:
4749:
4645:
4581:
4576:
4505:
4402:
4117:
4045:
4040:
3882:
3811:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3584:
3535:
3250:
3227:
3172:
3114:
3102:
3080:
3047:
3001:
2906:
2864:
2831:
2759:
2695:
2654:
2648:
2560:
2494:
sovereign, but in reality they only obeyed the orders of the Monarch of the Crown of Castile.
2359:
2254:
2248:
1936:
1833:
1705:, half brother of Isabella, considered the marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella as breaking the
1695:
1690:
1666:
1573:
1496:
1465:
1450:
1375:
over the following three centuries. In time, Castile would become a leading export market for
1324:
1305:
1289:
1155:
1075:
1043:
962:
879:
802:
790:
762:
493:
363:
348:
317:
302:
100:
4253:
3237:
5402:
5351:
5346:
5286:
5251:
5120:
5090:
5012:
4930:
4900:
4598:
4385:
4380:
4336:
4323:
4221:
4216:
4080:
4075:
4057:
4018:
3951:
3934:
3875:
3865:
3860:
3801:
3757:
3727:
3687:
3670:
3653:
3616:
3367:
3246:
3200:
2821:
2811:
2568:
2552:
1992:
1824:
for the Crown of Aragon in 1504. Later that same year, Queen Isabella died, on November 26.
1612:
1533:
1430:
1276:
1272:
1218:
1151:
1007:
449:
378:
327:
284:
222:
168:
4625:
2036:
continued the politics of Charles I, but unlike his father he made Castile the core of the
5412:
5326:
5296:
5020:
4937:
4816:
4784:
4657:
4608:
4564:
4559:
4537:
4532:
4490:
4483:
4458:
4318:
4313:
4154:
4035:
3929:
3924:
3892:
3717:
3707:
3601:
3594:
3589:
3574:
3530:
3412:
3398:
3288:
3254:
2576:
2371:
2065:
1902:
1678:
1562:
1301:
1280:
1063:
1011:
891:
872:
786:
739:
297:
193:
4258:
4238:
2138:
1179:
2126:(valido) from 1621 to 1643, tried to introduce a series of reforms. Among these was the
1517:
was created for Henry and Catherine. This ended the dynastic conflict, strengthened the
5316:
5261:
5215:
5168:
5148:
4992:
4915:
4759:
4754:
4717:
4692:
4675:
4586:
4571:
4542:
4500:
4348:
4308:
4303:
4191:
4184:
4144:
4134:
4124:
3939:
3818:
3712:
3579:
3461:
3323:
2584:
2297:
2160:
2061:
2044:. The other Spanish regions maintained certain degree of autonomy, being governed by a
2037:
1776:
1764:
1387:
1241:
1071:
848:
782:
685:
322:
154:
2473:/Capitanía General de Chile (unofficially referred as Kingdom of Chile/Reino de Chile)
1720:
5512:
5075:
4840:
4727:
4522:
4495:
4468:
4446:
4424:
4268:
4248:
4174:
4159:
4003:
3956:
3944:
3870:
3762:
3636:
3631:
3606:
3488:
2843:
2329:
2004:
1346:
1187:
1171:
1167:
1090:", among other possessions they later gained. The heir to the throne has been titled
1059:
825:
5241:
5138:
4942:
4732:
4473:
4463:
4429:
4358:
4353:
4280:
4070:
4052:
4013:
4008:
3988:
3983:
3855:
3848:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3722:
3660:
3641:
3626:
3562:
2187:
1780:
1416:
1342:
1191:
794:
602:
2087:
1460:, "the Black Prince". In 1367, the Black Prince defeated Henry II's allies at the
1367:
In the 13th century, emerging groups of local grazers coalesced into the powerful
242:
17:
1762:
in 1495, reinforced royal judicial power over the feudal one and transformed the
1638:
in which he named her heiress in return for her marrying a prince chosen by him.
5392:
5095:
5002:
4884:
4451:
4436:
4285:
3998:
3907:
3897:
3823:
3471:
3466:
3146:
2365:
2243:
2012:
1962:), and even before his arrival in Castile he had granted important positions to
1925:
1921:
1865:, to last over forty years until death, began with her father's orders in 1510.
1862:
1738:
1480:
1018:
Crown of Castile from the rule of Ferdinand III until the ascension of Charles I
999:
844:
all helped shape the Crown of Castile into a global empire in the 16th Century.
817:
42:
2171:
4967:
4478:
4295:
4169:
4129:
4062:
3067:
2945:
2159:
After the war, all the territories were unified as a single country under the
1979:
1754:
1674:
1488:
1372:
1195:
1047:
868:
270:
5494:
5481:
2835:
1034:
granddaughter of Sancho III in 1217, and the Kingdom of León from his father
5276:
5045:
4368:
4139:
4023:
3993:
3774:
3648:
3439:
3013:
2616:(in Spanish). Curpo facultativo de archiveros, bibliotecarios y arqueologos.
2338:
or Kingdom of Guatemala/Capitanía General de Guatemala or Reino de Guatemala
2142:
2123:
1812:
1748:
1583:
1409:
1183:
864:
713:
2956:
247:
The Crown of Castile after the incorporation of the kingdoms of the Indies.
1713:
as heiress to the throne rather than Isabella I. When he died in 1474 the
1316:
legal and government documents were made into Castilian instead of Latin.
1225:") and those of Seville in 1261 of Castile, León and all other kingdoms ("
5311:
5188:
5065:
3769:
3552:
3510:
3449:
2237:
2231:
2213:
2134:
1999:
1983:
1963:
1796:
1788:
1784:
1338:
1003:
995:
856:
852:
813:
388:
2816:
2432:
Province of Tierra Firme/Provincia de Tierra Firme (administered by the
1729:
parliaments remained separate, the only common institution would be the
1619:, it was claimed that she was the result of an affair of the Queen with
4952:
4853:
3682:
3611:
3567:
3483:
3422:
2826:
2045:
1995:. After taking his oath, Charles received a subsidy of 600,000 ducats.
1816:
1792:
1677:. The consequence was a dynastic union of the Crown of Castile and the
1578:
1522:
1300:, Castilian began to be used for some important documents, such as the
1175:
1079:
373:
2863:(2, revised, illustrated, reprint ed.), Routledge, p. 1161,
1889:
3515:
3390:
3037:
2041:
1988:
1845:
1832:
Upon Queen Isabella I's death 1504, the crown passed to her daughter
1821:
1313:
1233:
1203:
1163:
1158:
permanently set those that would be allowed to send representatives (
1083:
1067:
860:
824:, and upon the death of Ferdinand the Catholic. The discovery of the
758:
264:
2758:. Murcia: Sociedad Española de Estudios Medievales. pp. 38–39.
4149:
3120:
3108:
3096:
3025:
2416:
2310:
2186:
2178:
2170:
2108:
2086:
2007:
Parliament rejected a further subsidy for the king. Parliament in
1959:
1888:
1719:
1645:
1532:
1449:
Peter. However, the King also had many illegitimate children with
1386:
1368:
1262:
1199:
851:
during the 16th and 17th centuries. Charles I was King of Aragon,
392:
358:
2899:
Vicent de Melchor; Albert Branchadell; Vicent de Melchor (2002),
2148:
Upon the death of Philip IV in 1665, and with the incapacity of
2011:
reached the same decision. Finally, when Parliament was held in
1492:
1376:
4857:
3363:
2960:
2056:
in 1567. That same year Philip ordered the proclamation of the
1775:
Between 1478 and 1497 the monarchs' forces conquered the three
1499:, Henry II's son, to give up the throne in favor of Constance.
2463:
Province of Charcas/Provincia de Charcas (administered by the
1304:, the basis of the legal code for Christians living in Muslim
36:
2777:
2775:
1345:. Because of Castilian's importance in the land ruled by the
2633:(in Spanish). Madrid: Librería General de Victoriano Suárez.
1724:
Columbus and the Catholic Monarchs (The return of Columbus)
1483:
with an army and took the city. He then moved on to occupy
1227:
de Castiella e de León e de todos los otros nuestros Regnos
3359:
1529:
Relations with the Crown of Aragon during the 14th century
946:. Upon his death his kingdoms passed to his sons, León to
2167:
Spanish territorial divisions within the Crown of Castile
1946:, his paternal grandfather, in 1519, Charles was elected
34:
Former country in the Iberian Peninsula from 1230 to 1715
1337:
was published. Castilian was eventually carried to the
1236:
of Castile (Viejo Fuero de Castilla) and the different
1030:
received the Kingdom of Castile from his mother, Queen
781:. It continued to exist as a separate entity after the
2483:/Gobernácion del Río de la Plata (administered by the
847:
The title of "King of Castile" remained in use by the
1842:
and so nicknamed 'Juana la Loca' or 'Joanna the Mad'
1807:
maritime expedition claimed the newly found lands in
1441:(between England and France). Alfonso XI had married
1437:, Count of Trastámara, which became entangled in the
1364:, which were among the first universities in Europe.
1572:. The young king entrusted his government to regent
1150:. Initially the number of cities represented in the
938:The two kingdoms had been united twice previously:
5365:
5224:
5119:
5011:
4891:
4825:
4777:
4656:
4294:
3698:
3397:
2796:"Los judíos de Castilla ante el cambio de dinastía"
2456:Kingdom of Peru/Reino de Peru (administered by the
1537:
Castilian territory at the end of the 14th century.
961:From 1072 until 1157 under Alfonso VI (died 1109),
595:
581:
572:
564:
559:
542:
529:
516:
503:
490:
473:
455:
445:
425:
412:
398:
384:
372:
336:
290:
280:
257:
141:
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2111:. Religious persecution led Philip to declare the
1561:in 1412, Ferdinand left Castile to become King of
1426:a dynastic conflict started between his sons, the
875:, as well as King of Castile and León, 1516–1556.
2905:, Univ. Autònoma de Barcelona, pp. 106–107,
1642:Catholic Monarchs: Union with the Crown of Aragon
1223:de Castiella e de Estremadura e de tierra de León
1210:(with Granada added after its conquest in 1492).
816:were major events in the history of Castile. The
2630:Manual elemental de gramática histórica española
2534:Chief of the King's Guard (Portugal and Castile)
1975:opposed the idea of Charles as King of Castile.
1950:as a consequence of which he is better-known as
2946:"Castile. Titles of European hereditary rulers"
2902:El catalán: Una lengua de Europa para compartir
773:upon the accession of the then Castilian king,
1876:south of the Pyrenees was annexed to Castile.
4869:
3375:
2972:
2442:/Nuevo Reino de Granada (administered by the
1502:John declined but proposed that his son, the
1023:Union of the two kingdoms under Ferdinand III
160:
8:
4832:"Empire" as a description of foreign policy
2781:
2736:
2460:, presided directly by the Vice-roy of Peru)
2323:/Virreinato de la Nueva España (after 1535)
2653:. Cambridge University Press. p. 139.
2642:
2640:
1549:, who would be regent, along with his wife
1513:. The proposal was accepted, and the title
1267:Map of Castilian and Aragonese Universities
146:
5534:States and territories established in 1230
4876:
4862:
4854:
4653:
3382:
3368:
3360:
3140:
3061:
2995:
2979:
2965:
2957:
1971:, who grew up in Castile, and in fact the
237:The Crown in the Concordia of Villafáfila.
138:
2825:
2815:
1870:Castilian-Aragonese force invaded Navarre
1791:. On 2 January 1492 the monarchs entered
1471:In 1371 the brother of the Black Prince,
1349:, the language is also known as Spanish.
568:335,000 km (129,000 sq mi)
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
1683:Charles I (Holy Roman Emperor Charles V)
1653:(Francisco Padilla, oil on canvas, 1882)
1170:, León, Sevilla, Córdoba, Murcia, Jaén,
1105:
1042:, while his son Alfonso X conquered the
990:the Castilian king's armies invaded the
2694:. Pamplona: Pamiela. pp. 213–249.
2604:
2545:
1811:for the Crown of Castile and began the
1590:won the war and expelled the Aragonese
571:
563:
558:
279:
1880:Crown of Castile within Habsburg Spain
1799:marking the completion and end of the
1521:'s position and created peace between
2306:/Virreinato de las Indias (1492–1526)
2040:, centralising all administration in
1815:conquests. In 1497 Castile conquered
1623:, one of the King's chief ministers.
931:The Kingdom of León arose out of the
785:in 1469 of the crowns of Castile and
580:
576:
541:
528:
515:
502:
489:
472:
468:
424:
411:
407:
397:
7:
2794:Cantera-Montenegro, Enrique (2019).
2444:Royal Audience of Santa Fe de Bogotá
2384:Captaincy General of the Philippines
1978:In 1518 the Castilian parliament in
1897:Padilla, Bravo and Maldonado in the
1473:John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster
1154:varied over the next century, until
494:Union of Ferdinand II and Isabella I
65:adding citations to reliable sources
5461:
4906:Decline of the Western Roman Empire
2404:/Capitanía General de Santo Domingo
2386:/Capitanía General de las Filipinas
2183:Spanish North America, 18th century
2064:(1568–1571), which was put down by
1383:Ascension of the Trastámara dynasty
4998:Growth of the Eastern Roman Empire
3038:(Eastern) Roman Province of Spania
2667:from the original on 4 August 2020
2481:Governorate of the Río de la Plata
2477:Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata
2429:/Virreinato del Perú (after 1542)
2402:Captaincy General of Santo Domingo
1553:, during the childhood of his son
1296:In the last years of the reign of
1259:Spanish languages and universities
25:
5428:Historiography in the Middle Ages
3081:Province of the Umayyad Caliphate
2398:/Capitanía General de Puerto Rico
1509:, marry John of Gaunt's daughter
1391:Expansion of Castilian territory.
1330:Grammar of the Castilian Language
1308:, but it was during the reign of
252:Evolution of the Crown of Castile
5544:1716 disestablishments in Europe
5460:
5451:
5450:
5440:
2860:The Companion to British History
2479:/Vireinato del Rio de La Plata,
2396:Captaincy General of Puerto Rico
2175:The Crown in late medieval Spain
2017:Castilian War of the Communities
1693:bestowed upon them the title of
1468:, in which he had Peter killed.
718:
704:
690:
665:
651:
637:
241:
231:
221:
200:
186:
41:
4926:Christianity in the Middle Ages
4921:Decline of Hellenistic religion
3309:Monarchs of Barcelona/Catalonia
2919:from the original on 2022-05-21
2877:from the original on 2022-05-21
2485:Royal Audiencia of Buenos Aires
2145:) and achieve peace in Europe.
1715:War of the Castilian Succession
1707:Treaty of the Bulls of Guisando
1632:Treaty of the Bulls of Guisando
1604:War of the Castilian Succession
1445:with whom he had his heir, the
840:as well as the conquest of the
838:Spanish conquest of New Granada
52:needs additional citations for
5204:Crisis of the late Middle Ages
2627:Menéndez Pidal, Ramón (1904).
2612:Menéndez Pidal, Ramón (1906).
2336:Captaincy General of Guatemala
2287:/Reino de Navarra (after 1512)
2281:/Reino de Granada (after 1492)
2029:Imperial policies of Philip II
912:Two kingdoms: León and Castile
1:
5549:1230 establishments in Europe
5378:Disability in the Middle Ages
5051:Rise of the Republic of Genoa
4983:Rise of the Venetian Republic
2857:Charles Arnold-Baker (2001),
2410:/Capitanía General de Yucatán
2374:/Provincia de Las Californias
2154:War of the Spanish Succession
1952:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
1746:, more commonly known as the
1598:Second Conflict of Succession
1245:
982:Occupation of western Navarre
884:War of the Spanish Succession
2720:An economic history of Spain
2408:Captaincy General of Yucatán
1828:Period of regency – Joanna I
1110:Equestrian heraldic of King
830:conquest of the Aztec Empire
5529:Former monarchies of Europe
2647:Reilly, Bernard F. (1993).
2372:Province of the Californias
2368:/Provincia de Nueva Navarra
2191:South America, 18th century
1699:('the Catholic Monarchs').
1669:, married in secret in the
1341:in the 16th century by the
1327:, the first edition of the
1116:Equestrian armorial of the
942:From 1037 until 1065 under
878:In the early 18th century,
834:conquest of the Inca Empire
5565:
5539:Former countries in Europe
5179:Rise of the Ottoman Empire
2724:Princeton University Press
2529:List of Castilian Monarchs
2471:Captaincy General of Chile
2465:Royal Audiencia of Charcas
2392:/Capitanía General de Cuba
2091:Worldwide Crown of Castile
1601:
915:
525:1512 (annexed 7 July 1515)
475:• Permanent union of
26:
5436:
5106:Mongol invasion of Europe
3279:
3209:Principality of Catalonia
3154:
3143:
3139:
3076:
3064:
3060:
3009:
2998:
2994:
2690:Urzainqui, Tomás (1998).
2434:Royal Audiencia of Panama
2390:Captaincy General of Cuba
2356:/Santa Fe de Nuevo México
2304:Viceroyalty of the Indies
2113:expulsion of the Moriscos
1844:) and named Ferdinand as
1582:, sons of Ferdinand I of
1379:in the late middle ages.
1123:Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal
812:and the discovery of the
789:with the marriage of the
734:
616:
591:
577:
555:
469:
441:
408:
218:
182:
177:
2988:Spain in the Middle Ages
2451:Royal Audiencia of Quito
2321:Viceroyalty of New Spain
2214:Principality of Asturias
1920:died in 1506, he became
1854:Concordia de Villafáfila
1665:, heir to the throne of
1651:The Surrender of Granada
1547:Ferdinand I of Antequera
1362:University of Valladolid
1094:since the 14th century.
986:From 1199 to 1201 under
27:Not to be confused with
5061:Investiture Controversy
5031:Second Bulgarian Empire
3147:Feudal Christian realms
2950:eurulers.altervista.org
2458:Royal Audiencia of Lima
2380:/Provincia de Venezuela
2366:Province of New Navarre
2344:/Reino de Nueva Vizcaya
2332:/Nuevo Reino de Galicia
2298:Kingdom of the Canaries
2234:/Provincia de Guipúzcoa
2216:/Principado de Asturias
2101:University of Salamanca
1744:Consejo de la Hermandad
1458:Edward, Prince of Wales
1354:University of Salamanca
1217:, most sessions of the
808:In 1492, the voyage of
281:Official languages
5418:Post-classical history
5174:Fall of Constantinople
5081:Capet–Plantagenet feud
4948:First Bulgarian Empire
3294:Monarchs of al-Andalus
2808:Universidad de Navarra
2800:Memoria y Civilización
2588:
2580:
2564:
2556:
2440:New Kingdom of Granada
2378:Provincia de Venezuela
2354:Santa Fe of New Mexico
2330:New Kingdom of Galicia
2292:Overseas (before 1715)
2192:
2184:
2176:
2120:Count-Duke of Olivares
2092:
2009:Santiago de Compostela
1933:Ferdinand II of Aragon
1906:
1760:Consejo de las Órdenes
1725:
1654:
1551:Catherine of Lancaster
1538:
1485:Santiago de Compostela
1399:pitting supporters of
1392:
1268:
1253:Ordenamiento de Alcalá
1126:
1121:1433–1435. Collection
994:, annexing thereafter
267:(1561–1601; 1606–1716)
227:The Crown around 1400.
161:
147:
4802:Medieval great powers
2342:Kingdom of New Biscay
2190:
2182:
2174:
2090:
1892:
1858:Treaty of Villafáfila
1836:, who was married to
1723:
1696:'los Reyes Católicos'
1671:Palacio de los Vivero
1649:
1634:with his half-sister
1536:
1417:antisemitic sentiment
1390:
1266:
1109:
1032:Berengaria of Castile
822:Treaty of Villafáfila
520:Occupation of Navarre
5495:40.41750°N 3.71500°W
5398:Medieval reenactment
5194:Renaissance Humanism
5101:Medieval Warm Period
5071:Republic of Florence
4885:European Middle Ages
4812:European colonialism
4797:Ancient great powers
3344:Monarchs of Valencia
3304:Monarchs of Asturias
3091:Caliphate of Córdoba
3031:Kingdom of the Suebi
2350:/Nuevo Reino de Léon
2232:Province of Gipuzkoa
2097:University of Alcalá
1805:Christopher Columbus
1803:. Also in 1492, the
1541:During the reign of
1360:of Palencia and the
896:Nueva Planta decrees
888:unification policies
810:Christopher Columbus
799:Nueva Planta decrees
546:Nueva Planta decrees
531:• Ascension of
61:improve this article
5491: /
5111:Kingdom of Portugal
4978:Old Church Slavonic
4963:Anglo-Saxon England
4807:Modern great powers
3339:Monarchs of Navarre
3334:Monarchs of Majorca
3324:Monarchs of Granada
3319:Monarchs of Galicia
3314:Monarchs of Castile
3284:Visigothic monarchs
3265:Kingdom of Valencia
3233:Kingdom of Artajona
3214:Kingdom of Pamplona
3205:County of Barcelona
3159:Kingdom of Asturias
2817:10.15581/001.22.028
2726:. pp. 131–132.
2716:Vicens Vives, Jaime
2692:La Navarra marítima
2650:The Medieval Spains
2573:Corona de Castiella
2504:Heraldry of Castile
2427:Viceroyalty of Peru
2348:New Kingdom of León
2240:/Provincia de Álava
2228:/Señorío de Vizcaya
2202:Kingdom of Castille
1736:As a result of the
1621:Beltrán de la Cueva
1559:Compromise of Caspe
1519:House of Trastámara
1401:Henry of Trastámara
1397:Castilian Civil War
1323:In 1492, under the
1285:Galician-Portuguese
1040:Guadalquivir Valley
973:receiving León and
944:Ferdinand I of León
933:Kingdom of Asturias
927:Towards unification
746:fixed it to Madrid.
507:Conquest of Granada
464:early modern period
354:Minority religions:
5524:History of Castile
5519:Kingdom of Castile
5500:40.41750; -3.71500
5292:In popular culture
5257:Crusading movement
5129:Hundred Years' War
4988:Civitas Schinesghe
4973:Carolingian Empire
4958:Kingdom of Croatia
4911:Barbarian kingdoms
3299:Monarchs of Aragon
3260:Kingdom of Majorca
3223:Kingdom of Viguera
3218:Kingdom of Navarre
3180:Kingdom of Castile
3168:Kingdom of Galicia
3127:Emirate of Granada
3086:Emirate of Córdoba
3043:Duchy of Cantabria
3019:Visigothic Kingdom
2614:El dialecto leonés
2557:Corona de Castilla
2524:Kingdom of Galicia
2514:Kingdom of Castile
2362:/Nueva Extremadura
2300:/Reino de Canarias
2285:Kingdom of Navarre
2279:Kingdom of Granada
2273:Kingdom of Seville
2261:Kingdom of Córdoba
2226:Lordship of Biscay
2220:Kingdom of Galicia
2204:/Reino de Castilla
2193:
2185:
2177:
2093:
1973:Council of Castile
1948:Holy Roman Emperor
1942:upon the death of
1931:upon the death of
1907:
1874:Kingdom of Navarre
1726:
1687:Papal dispensation
1655:
1539:
1515:Prince of Asturias
1439:Hundred Years' War
1393:
1371:, the headpin for
1335:Antonio de Nebrija
1269:
1127:
1112:John II of Castile
1102:and the legal code
1092:Prince of Asturias
1036:Alfonso IX of León
992:Kingdom of Navarre
922:Kingdom of Castile
673:Emirate of Granada
645:Kingdom of Castile
344:Official religion:
291:Minority languages
162:Corona de Castilla
76:"Crown of Castile"
29:Kingdom of Castile
18:Corona de Castilla
5474:
5473:
5383:Basic topics list
5184:Swiss mercenaries
5134:Wars of the Roses
5041:Kingdom of Poland
5026:Holy Roman Empire
4893:Early Middle Ages
4851:
4850:
4773:
4772:
4738:Polish–Lithuanian
3913:Gurjara-Pratihara
3357:
3356:
3275:
3274:
3251:Kingdom of Aragon
3228:Kingdom of Najera
3194:Kingdom of Toledo
3173:County of Castile
3135:
3134:
3115:Almohad Caliphate
3103:Almoravid Emirate
3056:
3055:
3048:Duchy of Vasconia
3002:Early Middle Ages
2782:Vicens Vives 1969
2765:978-84-17157-97-5
2737:Vicens Vives 1969
2275:/Reino de Sevilla
2263:/Reino de Córdoba
2255:Kingdom of Murcia
2249:Kingdom of Toledo
2238:Province of Álava
2222:/Reino de Galicia
1838:Philip of Austria
1691:Pope Alexander VI
1466:Battle of Montiel
1451:Eleanor of Guzman
1443:Maria of Portugal
1325:Catholic Monarchs
1290:Cantar de Mio Cid
1044:Kingdom of Murcia
1012:Vitoria (Gasteiz)
965:(died 1126), and
954:, and Galicia to
880:Philip of Bourbon
791:Catholic Monarchs
763:Iberian Peninsula
751:
750:
730:
729:
726:
725:
714:British Gibraltar
678:
677:
486:23 September 1230
450:Cortes of Castile
427:• 1474–1504
414:• 1230–1252
364:Sephardic Judaism
349:Roman Catholicism
318:Andalusian Arabic
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
5556:
5506:
5505:
5503:
5502:
5501:
5496:
5492:
5489:
5488:
5487:
5484:
5464:
5463:
5454:
5453:
5444:
5403:Medieval studies
5247:Church and State
5121:Late Middle Ages
5013:High Middle Ages
4931:Christianization
4901:Migration Period
4878:
4871:
4864:
4855:
4654:
4319:Austro-Hungarian
4019:Chagatai Khanate
3384:
3377:
3370:
3361:
3329:Monarchs of León
3247:County of Aragon
3241:
3201:Catalan counties
3184:Crown of Castile
3141:
3062:
2996:
2981:
2974:
2967:
2958:
2953:
2932:
2931:
2925:
2924:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2883:
2882:
2854:
2848:
2847:
2829:
2819:
2791:
2785:
2779:
2770:
2769:
2757:
2746:
2740:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2674:
2672:
2644:
2635:
2634:
2624:
2618:
2617:
2609:
2592:
2589:Corona Castellae
2565:Coroa de Castela
2550:
2509:Heraldry of León
2257:/Reino de Murcia
2251:/Reino de Toledo
1916:when his father
1872:and most of the
1868:In 1512 a joint
1657:In October 1469
1615:, gave birth to
1613:Joan of Portugal
1462:Battle of Nájera
1422:On the death of
1356:, the Castilian
1250:
1247:
1148:Basque Provinces
907:Preceding events
777:, to the vacant
755:Crown of Castile
722:
721:
708:
707:
694:
693:
682:
681:
669:
668:
655:
654:
641:
640:
634:
633:
618:
617:
608:Spanish maravedí
248:
245:
238:
235:
228:
225:
204:
190:
172:
164:
158:
150:
148:Corona Castellae
143:Crown of Castile
139:
132:
125:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
45:
37:
21:
5564:
5563:
5559:
5558:
5557:
5555:
5554:
5553:
5509:
5508:
5499:
5497:
5493:
5490:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5478:
5477:
5475:
5470:
5432:
5413:Neo-medievalism
5361:
5297:Itinerant court
5220:
5115:
5036:Georgian Empire
5021:Norman Conquest
5007:
4953:Frankish Empire
4887:
4882:
4852:
4847:
4836:American Empire
4821:
4817:African empires
4769:
4652:
4344:Central African
4290:
4108:Romano-Germanic
3694:
3428:Middle Assyrian
3401:
3393:
3388:
3358:
3353:
3349:Military orders
3289:Suebic monarchs
3271:
3255:Crown of Aragon
3235:
3163:Kingdom of León
3150:
3131:
3072:
3052:
3005:
2990:
2985:
2944:
2941:
2939:Further reading
2936:
2935:
2922:
2920:
2913:
2898:
2897:
2893:
2880:
2878:
2871:
2856:
2855:
2851:
2793:
2792:
2788:
2780:
2773:
2766:
2755:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2735:
2731:
2714:
2713:
2709:
2702:
2689:
2688:
2684:
2670:
2668:
2661:
2646:
2645:
2638:
2626:
2625:
2621:
2611:
2610:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2595:
2581:Gaztelako Koroa
2551:
2547:
2542:
2519:Kingdom of León
2500:
2360:New Extremadura
2294:
2267:Kingdom of Jaén
2208:Kingdom of León
2198:
2169:
2085:
2083:Later Habsburgs
2066:John of Austria
2031:
1903:Antonio Gisbert
1887:
1882:
1830:
1749:Santa Hermandad
1679:Crown of Aragon
1644:
1606:
1600:
1570:Maria of Aragon
1531:
1385:
1358:Estudio General
1302:Visigothic Code
1261:
1248:
1104:
1025:
1020:
984:
929:
924:
918:Kingdom of León
916:Main articles:
914:
909:
904:
892:Crown of Aragon
863:, and Count of
849:Habsburg rulers
757:was a medieval
747:
740:Itinerant court
719:
705:
691:
666:
659:Kingdom of León
652:
638:
612:
584:
548:
538:23 January 1516
535:
522:
509:
499:19 October 1469
496:
483:
428:
415:
368:
332:
276:
253:
250:
249:
246:
239:
236:
229:
226:
214:
213:
212:
209:
205:
197:
196:
191:
173:
166:
159:
152:
144:
133:
122:
116:
113:
70:
68:
58:
46:
35:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5562:
5560:
5552:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5511:
5510:
5472:
5471:
5469:
5468:
5458:
5448:
5437:
5434:
5433:
5431:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5408:Misconceptions
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5369:
5367:
5363:
5362:
5360:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5228:
5226:
5222:
5221:
5219:
5218:
5216:Little Ice Age
5213:
5212:
5211:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5169:Western Schism
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5125:
5123:
5117:
5116:
5114:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5017:
5015:
5009:
5008:
5006:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4934:
4933:
4923:
4918:
4916:Late antiquity
4913:
4908:
4903:
4897:
4895:
4889:
4888:
4883:
4881:
4880:
4873:
4866:
4858:
4849:
4848:
4846:
4845:
4844:
4843:
4838:
4829:
4827:
4823:
4822:
4820:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4793:
4792:
4781:
4779:
4775:
4774:
4771:
4770:
4768:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4746:
4745:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4689:
4688:
4683:
4673:
4668:
4662:
4660:
4651:
4650:
4649:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4618:
4613:
4612:
4611:
4601:
4596:
4595:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4574:
4569:
4568:
4567:
4562:
4552:
4551:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4520:
4519:
4518:
4513:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4487:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4456:
4455:
4454:
4449:
4439:
4434:
4433:
4432:
4427:
4417:
4416:
4415:
4410:
4400:
4399:
4398:
4393:
4383:
4378:
4377:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4346:
4341:
4340:
4339:
4334:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4300:
4298:
4292:
4291:
4289:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4272:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4231:
4226:
4225:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4189:
4188:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4121:
4120:
4115:
4105:
4104:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4049:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4028:
4027:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3975:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3949:
3948:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3922:
3921:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3879:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3858:
3853:
3852:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3816:
3815:
3814:
3809:
3799:
3798:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3772:
3767:
3766:
3765:
3755:
3754:
3753:
3748:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3704:
3702:
3700:Post-classical
3696:
3695:
3693:
3692:
3691:
3690:
3680:
3675:
3674:
3673:
3668:
3658:
3657:
3656:
3646:
3645:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3572:
3571:
3570:
3565:
3555:
3550:
3549:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3507:
3506:
3501:
3499:Middle Kingdom
3496:
3486:
3481:
3480:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3459:
3458:
3457:
3455:Neo-Babylonian
3452:
3447:
3445:Old Babylonian
3437:
3436:
3435:
3430:
3420:
3415:
3409:
3407:
3395:
3394:
3389:
3387:
3386:
3379:
3372:
3364:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3280:
3277:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3262:
3244:
3243:
3242:
3230:
3225:
3211:
3198:
3197:
3196:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3170:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3144:
3137:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3124:
3117:
3112:
3105:
3100:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3065:
3058:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3034:
3033:
3023:
3022:
3021:
3010:
3007:
3006:
2999:
2992:
2991:
2986:
2984:
2983:
2976:
2969:
2961:
2955:
2954:
2940:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2912:978-8449022999
2911:
2891:
2870:978-0415185837
2869:
2849:
2786:
2784:, p. 246.
2771:
2764:
2741:
2729:
2707:
2700:
2682:
2660:978-0521397414
2659:
2636:
2619:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2499:
2496:
2491:
2490:
2489:
2488:
2474:
2468:
2461:
2454:
2447:
2437:
2414:
2413:
2412:
2411:
2405:
2399:
2393:
2387:
2381:
2375:
2369:
2363:
2357:
2351:
2345:
2339:
2333:
2327:
2308:
2307:
2301:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2288:
2282:
2276:
2270:
2269:/Reino de Jaén
2264:
2258:
2252:
2246:
2241:
2235:
2229:
2223:
2217:
2211:
2210:/Reino de León
2205:
2197:
2194:
2168:
2165:
2161:Crown of Spain
2128:Unión de Armas
2084:
2081:
2062:Morisco Revolt
2038:Spanish Empire
2030:
2027:
1956:
1955:
1940:
1929:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1829:
1826:
1777:Canary Islands
1711:Infanta Joanna
1643:
1640:
1617:Infanta Joanna
1602:Main article:
1599:
1596:
1594:from Castile.
1588:Álvaro de Luna
1574:Álvaro de Luna
1530:
1527:
1384:
1381:
1260:
1257:
1242:Siete Partidas
1103:
1096:
1082:, and Lord of
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
983:
980:
979:
978:
959:
928:
925:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
783:personal union
779:Leonese throne
749:
748:
735:
732:
731:
728:
727:
724:
723:
716:
710:
709:
702:
696:
695:
688:
686:Habsburg Spain
679:
676:
675:
670:
662:
661:
656:
648:
647:
642:
630:
629:
624:
614:
613:
611:
610:
605:
599:
597:
593:
592:
589:
588:
585:
582:
579:
578:
575:
574:
570:
569:
566:
562:
561:
557:
556:
553:
552:
549:
543:
540:
539:
536:
530:
527:
526:
523:
517:
514:
513:
512:2 January 1492
510:
504:
501:
500:
497:
491:
488:
487:
484:
474:
471:
470:
467:
466:
457:
456:Historical era
453:
452:
447:
443:
442:
439:
438:
429:
426:
423:
422:
416:
413:
410:
409:
406:
405:
402:
396:
395:
386:
382:
381:
376:
370:
369:
367:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
340:
338:
334:
333:
331:
330:
325:
323:Judaeo-Spanish
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
294:
292:
288:
287:
282:
278:
277:
275:
274:
268:
261:
259:
255:
254:
251:
240:
230:
220:
219:
216:
215:
206:
199:
198:
194:Royal Standard
192:
185:
184:
183:
180:
179:
175:
174:
145:
142:
135:
134:
49:
47:
40:
33:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5561:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5516:
5514:
5507:
5504:
5467:
5459:
5457:
5449:
5447:
5443:
5439:
5438:
5435:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5370:
5368:
5364:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5229:
5227:
5223:
5217:
5214:
5210:
5207:
5206:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5126:
5124:
5122:
5118:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5076:Scholasticism
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5018:
5016:
5014:
5010:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4938:Rise of Islam
4936:
4932:
4929:
4928:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4898:
4896:
4894:
4890:
4886:
4879:
4874:
4872:
4867:
4865:
4860:
4859:
4856:
4842:
4841:Soviet empire
4839:
4837:
4834:
4833:
4831:
4830:
4828:
4826:Miscellaneous
4824:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4791:
4788:
4787:
4786:
4783:
4782:
4780:
4776:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4744:
4741:
4740:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4678:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4659:
4655:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4623:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4610:
4607:
4606:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4579:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4557:
4556:
4553:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4525:
4524:
4521:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4461:
4460:
4457:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4425:German Empire
4423:
4422:
4421:
4418:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4405:
4404:
4401:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4351:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4329:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4297:
4293:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4236:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4193:
4190:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4166:
4165:Turco-Persian
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4110:
4109:
4106:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4073:
4072:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4033:
4032:
4029:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4006:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3954:
3953:
3950:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3927:
3926:
3923:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3863:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3821:
3820:
3817:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3804:
3803:
3800:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3777:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3764:
3761:
3760:
3759:
3756:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3701:
3697:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3663:
3662:
3659:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3650:
3647:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3576:
3573:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3463:
3460:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3441:
3438:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3425:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3385:
3380:
3378:
3373:
3371:
3366:
3365:
3362:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3281:
3278:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3245:
3239:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3199:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3178:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3153:
3149:
3148:
3142:
3138:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3122:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3110:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3098:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3075:
3070:
3069:
3063:
3059:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3027:
3024:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3008:
3004:
3003:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2982:
2977:
2975:
2970:
2968:
2963:
2962:
2959:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2942:
2938:
2930:
2918:
2914:
2908:
2904:
2903:
2895:
2892:
2888:
2876:
2872:
2866:
2862:
2861:
2853:
2850:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2790:
2787:
2783:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2767:
2761:
2754:
2753:
2745:
2742:
2738:
2733:
2730:
2725:
2722:. Princeton:
2721:
2717:
2711:
2708:
2703:
2701:84-7681-284-1
2697:
2693:
2686:
2683:
2679:
2666:
2662:
2656:
2652:
2651:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2632:
2631:
2623:
2620:
2615:
2608:
2605:
2598:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2549:
2546:
2539:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2495:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2462:
2459:
2455:
2452:
2448:
2445:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2316:
2315:Septentrional
2312:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2291:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2189:
2181:
2173:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2131:
2129:
2125:
2122:, the king's
2121:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2089:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2075:approved the
2074:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2058:La Pragmática
2055:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2022:Los comuneros
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1981:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1965:
1961:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1891:
1884:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1866:
1864:
1859:
1855:
1850:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1766:
1761:
1757:
1756:
1751:
1750:
1745:
1741:
1740:
1734:
1732:
1722:
1718:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1673:in Castilian
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1652:
1648:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1605:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1571:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1535:
1528:
1526:
1525:and Castile.
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1505:
1500:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1431:Peter (Pedro)
1429:
1425:
1420:
1418:
1413:
1411:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1389:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1350:
1348:
1347:Spanish Crown
1344:
1343:conquistadors
1340:
1336:
1332:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1298:Ferdinand III
1294:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1265:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1124:
1120:
1119:
1118:Golden Fleece
1113:
1108:
1101:
1098:Union of the
1097:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1028:Ferdinand III
1022:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1008:San Sebastián
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
981:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
957:
953:
950:, Castile to
949:
945:
941:
940:
939:
936:
934:
926:
923:
919:
911:
906:
901:
899:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
876:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
845:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
826:Pacific Ocean
823:
819:
815:
811:
806:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
775:Ferdinand III
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
745:
741:
738:
733:
717:
715:
712:
711:
703:
701:
700:Bourbon Spain
698:
697:
689:
687:
684:
683:
680:
674:
671:
664:
663:
660:
657:
650:
649:
646:
643:
636:
635:
632:
631:
628:
625:
623:
620:
619:
615:
609:
606:
604:
601:
600:
598:
594:
590:
586:
567:
554:
550:
547:
537:
534:
524:
521:
511:
508:
498:
495:
485:
482:
478:
465:
461:
458:
454:
451:
448:
444:
440:
437:
433:
430:
420:
419:Ferdinand III
417:
403:
401:
394:
390:
387:
383:
380:
377:
375:
371:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
341:
339:
335:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
308:Astur-Leonese
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
295:
293:
289:
286:
283:
272:
269:
266:
263:
262:
260:
256:
244:
234:
224:
217:
211:
203:
195:
189:
181:
176:
170:
163:
156:
149:
140:
131:
128:
120:
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
30:
19:
5476:
5237:Architecture
5209:Great Famine
5199:Universities
5163:
5139:Hussite Wars
5056:Great Schism
4943:Papal States
4592:Contemporary
4442:Indo-Persian
4430:Nazi Germany
4374:Contemporary
4276:Vijayanagara
4175:Great Seljuk
4086:Thessalonica
4014:Golden Horde
3654:Carthaginian
3433:Neo-Assyrian
3418:Neo-Sumerian
3188:Castile-León
3187:
3183:
3145:
3119:
3109:Second Taifa
3107:
3095:
3066:
3000:
2949:
2927:
2921:, retrieved
2901:
2894:
2885:
2879:, retrieved
2859:
2852:
2810:: 143, 146.
2806:. Pamplona:
2803:
2799:
2789:
2751:
2744:
2739:, p. 6.
2732:
2719:
2710:
2691:
2685:
2676:
2669:. Retrieved
2649:
2629:
2622:
2613:
2607:
2572:
2548:
2492:
2420:
2415:
2314:
2309:
2158:
2147:
2132:
2127:
2117:
2094:
2076:
2072:
2070:
2057:
2053:
2050:
2032:
2021:
1997:
1977:
1957:
1937:Queen Joanna
1908:
1898:
1894:
1867:
1853:
1852:Through the
1851:
1841:
1831:
1809:the Americas
1800:
1781:Gran Canaria
1774:
1770:corregidores
1769:
1763:
1759:
1753:
1747:
1743:
1737:
1735:
1727:
1701:
1694:
1670:
1663:Ferdinand II
1656:
1625:
1607:
1591:
1577:
1567:
1557:. After the
1540:
1503:
1501:
1470:
1455:
1446:
1427:
1421:
1419:in Castile.
1408:
1394:
1366:
1357:
1351:
1328:
1322:
1318:
1295:
1288:
1270:
1237:
1231:
1226:
1222:
1212:
1160:procuradores
1159:
1128:
1115:
1099:
1026:
1006:, including
988:Alfonso VIII
985:
971:Ferdinand II
937:
930:
886:and imposed
877:
846:
807:
795:promulgation
754:
752:
737:
627:Succeeded by
626:
621:
603:Spanish real
583:• 1300
353:
343:
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
5498: /
5466:WikiProject
5393:Medievalism
5232:Agriculture
5096:Manorialism
5091:Communalism
5086:Monasticism
5003:Reconquista
4993:Kievan Rus'
4180:Khwarezmian
4113:Carolingian
3918:Rashtrakuta
3622:Shaishunaga
3521:Hellenistic
3504:New Kingdom
3494:Old Kingdom
3236: [
3121:Third Taifa
3097:First Taifa
2827:10171/58536
2487:) (1661–72)
2244:Extremadura
1926:Netherlands
1863:Tordesillas
1801:Reconquista
1755:Adelantados
1739:Reconquista
1731:Inquisition
1495:. He asked
1249: 1265
1208:Guadalajara
1000:Durangaldea
967:Alfonso VII
842:Philippines
818:West Indies
622:Preceded by
460:Middle Ages
446:Legislature
436:Ferdinand V
391:subject to
273:(1601–1606)
5513:Categories
5486:03°42′54″W
5483:40°25′03″N
5388:Land terms
5342:Technology
5322:Philosophy
5302:Literature
5267:Demography
4968:Viking Age
4750:Portuguese
4631:Revival Le
4621:Vietnamese
4264:Later Tran
4234:Vietnamese
4130:Singhasari
4118:Holy Roman
3742:Bulgarian
3678:Satavahana
3649:Phoenician
3585:Achaemenid
3546:Indo-Greek
3526:Macedonian
3440:Babylonian
3071:(711-1492)
3068:Al-Andalus
2923:2020-10-30
2881:2020-10-30
2678:kilometer.
2671:11 October
2599:References
2421:Meridional
2150:Charles II
2105:Philip III
2025:of Spain.
1982:named the
1980:Valladolid
1944:Maximilian
1765:Audiencias
1675:Valladolid
1659:Isabella I
1636:Isabella I
1489:Pontevedra
1475:, married
1424:Alfonso XI
1373:wool trade
1196:Valladolid
1146:, and the
1048:Al-Andalus
975:Sancho III
948:Alfonso VI
869:Roussillon
793:up to the
573:Population
432:Isabella I
385:Government
374:Demonym(s)
271:Valladolid
208:Trastámara
87:newspapers
5373:Dark Ages
5282:Household
5277:Hastilude
5046:Feudalism
4743:Couronian
4381:Ethiopian
4369:Manchukuo
4324:Brazilian
4170:Ghaznavid
4140:Srivijaya
4091:Trebizond
4076:Byzantine
4058:North Sea
4053:Norwegian
4041:Almoravid
4024:Ilkhanate
3994:Majapahit
3967:Muromachi
3876:Solomonic
3861:Ethiopian
3775:Caliphate
3708:Aragonese
3536:Ptolemaic
3014:Visigoths
2844:214282114
2836:1139-0107
2143:Andalusia
2139:Catalonia
2124:favourite
2115:in 1609.
2034:Philip II
1993:Castilian
1984:Wallonian
1969:Ferdinand
1922:sovereign
1910:Charles I
1895:Comuneros
1885:Charles I
1813:New World
1584:Antequera
1543:Henry III
1511:Catherine
1477:Constance
1410:conversos
1310:Alfonso X
1273:Castilian
1215:Alfonso X
1184:Salamanca
952:Sancho II
890:over the
865:Barcelona
805:in 1716.
744:Philip II
587:3,000,000
533:Charles I
379:Castilian
337:Religion
313:Mozarabic
178:1230–1716
117:July 2018
5456:Category
5423:Timeline
5312:Minstrel
5307:Medicine
5189:Chivalry
5144:Burgundy
5066:Crusades
4723:Japanese
4686:Scottish
4666:American
4658:Colonial
4587:Imperial
4555:Moroccan
4491:Japanese
4469:Afsharid
4328:Burmese
4314:Austrian
4269:Later Le
4244:Early Le
4229:Venetian
4155:Tiwanaku
4068:Hellenic
4031:Moroccan
3962:Kamakura
3952:Japanese
3935:Saffarid
3888:Georgian
3802:Chalukya
3780:Rashidun
3770:Calakmul
3738:Bruneian
3617:Haryanka
3595:Sasanian
3590:Parthian
3541:Bactrian
3531:Seleucid
3511:Goguryeo
3489:Egyptian
3423:Assyrian
3413:Akkadian
3404:Colonies
2917:archived
2887:country.
2875:archived
2718:(1969).
2665:Archived
2561:Galician
2498:See also
2196:In Spain
2135:Portugal
2103:. After
2077:millones
2054:excusado
2013:A Coruña
2000:Americas
1918:Philip I
1899:Patíbulo
1797:Alhambra
1789:Tenerife
1785:La Palma
1703:Henry IV
1609:Henry IV
1592:Infantes
1579:Infantes
1481:A Coruña
1428:Infantes
1403:against
1339:Americas
1004:Gipuzkoa
977:Castile.
882:won the
873:Cerdagne
857:Valencia
814:Americas
803:Philip V
596:Currency
389:Monarchy
303:Galician
210:(Shield)
5366:Related
5352:Warfare
5347:Theatre
5337:Slavery
5332:Science
5287:Hunting
5252:Cuisine
5225:Culture
5164:Castile
5159:England
4790:largest
4785:Empires
4765:Swedish
4760:Spanish
4755:Russian
4718:Italian
4693:Chinese
4681:English
4676:British
4671:Belgian
4646:Vietnam
4636:Tay son
4582:Tsarist
4577:Russian
4572:Ottoman
4538:Dzungar
4533:Khoshut
4506:Mexican
4501:Maratha
4484:Pahlavi
4464:Safavid
4459:Iranian
4386:Haitian
4349:Chinese
4309:Ashanti
4281:Wagadou
4207:Eastern
4202:Western
4185:Timurid
4145:Tibetan
4135:Songhai
4125:Serbian
4046:Almohad
4036:Idrisid
3940:Samanid
3930:Tahirid
3925:Iranian
3903:Kannauj
3883:Genoese
3819:Chinese
3812:Eastern
3807:Western
3795:Fatimid
3790:Abbasid
3785:Umayyad
3758:Burmese
3718:Ayyubid
3713:Angevin
3683:Xianbei
3671:Eastern
3666:Western
3612:Magadha
3575:Iranian
3568:Xiongnu
3553:Hittite
3462:Chinese
3450:Kassite
3399:Ancient
3391:Empires
2952:. 2022.
2569:Leonese
2553:Spanish
2099:or the
2046:Viceroy
1964:Flemish
1924:of the
1905:, 1860.
1817:Melilla
1793:Granada
1628:Alfonso
1555:John II
1523:England
1504:Infante
1447:Infante
1405:Peter I
1306:Cordova
1277:Leonese
1251:), the
1176:Segovia
1140:Galicia
1132:Castile
1114:in the
1080:Seville
1076:Córdoba
1064:Galicia
1052:Castile
902:History
853:Majorca
797:of the
767:Castile
761:in the
544:•
518:•
505:•
492:•
477:Castile
421:(first)
400:Monarch
328:Guanche
285:Spanish
258:Capital
169:Spanish
101:scholar
5446:Portal
5327:Poetry
5154:France
4728:Mongol
4713:German
4708:French
4698:Danish
4641:Dainam
4616:Tongan
4604:Somali
4599:Sokoto
4565:'Alawi
4543:Kalmyk
4523:Mongol
4516:Second
4496:Korean
4447:Mughal
4437:Indian
4420:German
4413:Second
4403:French
4396:Second
4332:Second
4304:Afghan
4296:Modern
4222:Kyrgyz
4217:Uighur
4212:Second
4192:Turkic
4160:Toltec
4096:Epirus
4081:Nicaea
4004:Mongol
3957:Yamato
3893:Huetar
3751:Second
3688:Rouran
3637:Shunga
3632:Maurya
3607:Kushan
3580:Median
3558:Hunnic
3516:Harsha
2909:
2867:
2842:
2834:
2762:
2698:
2657:
2577:Basque
2073:Cortes
2042:Madrid
2005:Toledo
1989:Burgos
1901:", by
1846:regent
1834:Joanna
1822:Naples
1667:Aragon
1563:Aragon
1497:John I
1314:Arabic
1281:Basque
1238:fueros
1219:Cortes
1213:Under
1204:Madrid
1188:Cuenca
1172:Zamora
1168:Toledo
1164:Burgos
1156:John I
1152:Cortes
1144:Toledo
1100:Cortes
1088:Molina
1084:Biscay
1068:Murcia
1060:Toledo
963:Urraca
956:García
861:Sicily
859:, and
836:, the
832:, the
828:, the
787:Aragon
759:polity
742:until
479:&
404:
393:fueros
298:Basque
265:Madrid
165:
151:
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
5357:Women
5317:Music
5272:Domes
5262:Dance
5149:Milan
4778:Lists
4733:Omani
4703:Dutch
4609:Isaaq
4560:Saadi
4528:Oirat
4511:First
4479:Qajar
4408:First
4391:First
4364:China
4337:Third
4197:First
4150:Tikal
4101:Morea
4071:Roman
3989:Latin
3984:Khmer
3979:Kanem
3945:Buyid
3871:Zagwe
3866:Aksum
3856:Chola
3763:First
3746:First
3733:Bornu
3728:Benin
3723:Aztec
3661:Roman
3642:Gupta
3627:Nanda
3563:White
3240:]
3026:Suebi
2840:S2CID
2756:(PDF)
2585:Latin
2540:Notes
2417:South
2311:North
2109:Spain
1960:Ghent
1893:"The
1507:Henry
1435:Henry
1369:Mesta
1234:Fuero
1200:Soria
1180:Ávila
1046:from
996:Álava
359:Islam
155:Latin
108:JSTOR
94:books
4548:Bogd
4474:Zand
4452:Sikh
4359:Qing
4354:Ming
4286:Wari
4254:Tran
4239:Dinh
4009:Yuan
3999:Mali
3908:Pala
3898:Inca
3849:Yuan
3839:Song
3834:Liao
3829:Tang
3602:Kush
3484:Dʿmt
3207:) →
2907:ISBN
2865:ISBN
2832:ISSN
2760:ISBN
2696:ISBN
2673:2019
2655:ISBN
2141:and
1787:and
1661:and
1493:Vigo
1491:and
1433:and
1395:The
1377:wool
1283:and
1206:and
1192:Toro
1136:León
1086:and
1072:Jaén
1056:León
1010:and
1002:and
920:and
871:and
771:León
769:and
753:The
565:1300
560:Area
551:1716
481:León
462:and
434:and
80:news
5242:Art
4626:Mac
4063:Oyo
3972:Edo
3844:Jīn
3824:Sui
3477:Jin
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3467:Qin
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