108:. At first, the king ordered the chair to be made of bronze, but he changed his mind and decided it should be made of timber. It was originally covered in gilding and coloured glass, much of which has now been lost. The chair is the oldest dated piece of English furniture made by a known artist. Although it was not originally intended to be a coronation chair, it began to be associated with coronations of English monarchs at some point in the 14th century, and the first coronation where it was definitely used was that of
271:
136:
29:
362:; while the 1902 Thrones from the coronation of King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra are on the dais in the Ballroom at Buckingham Palace. A pair of Chairs of Estate (made for the 1902 coronation), which are usually kept in the Music Room at Buckingham Palace, have in recent years been employed when the monarch has addressed both Houses of Parliament in
254:). In 1997, the year after the removal of the stone, the chair was removed from its traditional home in the Chapel of St Edward the Confessor and placed by the tomb of King Henry V. In 2010 the chair was moved to a chapel at the back of the Nave for cleaning, where it has since remained (when not in use).
151:
In the 18th century, tourists could sit on the chair for a small payment to one of the vergers. Early tourists and choirboys of the abbey carved their initials and other graffiti into the chair, and the corner posts have been acutely damaged by souvenir hunters. Nails have often been driven into the
131:
in 1821. The chair itself was originally gilded, painted and inlaid with glass mosaics, traces of which are visible upon inspection of the chair, especially on the back where outlines of foliage, birds and animals survive. A lost image of a king, maybe Edward the
Confessor or Edward I, with his feet
257:
The
Coronation Chair is now highly protected, and leaves its secure location—behind glass on a plinth in St George's Chapel in the nave—only when it is carried into the theatre of coronation near the High Altar of the abbey. Between 2010 and 2012, the chair was cleaned and restored by a team of
206:
where the Dean and the
Cathedral Architect signed for its receipt. The next day, five carpenters arrived to shore up the roof of a vaulted recess in the cathedral's crypt with timber supports. Once they had finished their work, the chair was moved into the recess. As it also provided the best
123:
became joint monarchs in 1689, they required two coronation chairs for the ceremony. William III used the original 13th-century chair, while a second chair was made for Mary II, which still resides in the abbey's collections.
211:
was placed on the chair. Sandbags were then used to seal off the recess. The chair remained there for the duration of the war. Meanwhile the chair used for the coronation of Mary II was relocated from
Westminster Abbey to
309:
Unlike the
Coronation Chair, these other chairs and thrones have tended to be made new for each coronation. For the coronation of King Charles III and Queen Camilla, however, older chairs were reconditioned:
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Other chairs are used by the monarch (and consort) for different parts of the coronation ceremony. Chairs of Estate for the sovereign and consort are placed on the south side of the
340:
Afterwards, the Chairs of Estate were returned to the dais in the Throne Room of
Buckingham Palace. This room also contains other chairs from past coronations, including:
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171:. A corner of the chair was broken off in the explosion. Although it was strong enough to shake the abbey walls and loud enough to be heard from inside the
258:
experts in full view of the public at the abbey. In early 2023, a further programme of restoration and conservation was undertaken in preparation for the
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262:; on 6 May 2023, the stone having been reunited with the chair for the occasion, the King was seated on it for his anointing, investiture and crowning.
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Gilded lions added in the 16th century form the legs to the chair; they were all replaced in 1727. One of the four lions was given a new head for the
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Over the eight centuries of its existence, the chair has only been removed from
Westminster Abbey twice. The first time was for the ceremony in
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when, concerned about the risk of it being damaged or destroyed by German air raids, it was moved out of London. On 24 August 1939, the
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290:. Later, for the enthronement (and the homage which follows it), the monarch is seated not in the Coronation Chair, but in a separate
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was moved out of the way and the chair was loaded on a truck and, with two detectives accompanying the driver, it was driven to
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160:, the Gothic revival architect and antiquary, described the chair as "a magnificent piece of decoration, but sadly mutilated".
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in 1399. Monarchs used to sit on the Stone of Scone itself until a wooden platform was added to the chair in the 17th century.
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in 1296. Edward brought the Stone to
England and commissioned the Coronation Chair to hold it. The high-backed,
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King Edward I of
England seized the Stone of Scone, the traditional coronation seat of the Scottish kings, from
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Technically, the
Coronation Chair is not a throne (seat of state occupied by the sovereign on state occasions).
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All four were restored and given new heraldic embroidery, as appropriate, prior to the coronation in May 2023.
104:-style armchair was carved from oak at some point between the summer of 1297 and March 1300 by the carpenter
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pm on 11 June 1914, the chair was the object of a bomb attack thought to have been organised by the
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resting on a lion was also painted on the back. Today, its appearance is of aged and brittle wood.
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This article is about the chair used in coronations of British monarchs. For other uses, see
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on the proviso that it be returned to England for use at coronations (as happened for the
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The 1953 Throne from the coronation of Elizabeth II is kept in the Garter Throne Room of
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The Coronation Chair and Stone of Scone: History, Archaeology and Conservation
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The Chairs of Estate had originally been made in 1953 on the occasion of the
553:"The Coronation Chair and the Stone of Scone, by Warwick Rodwell - review"
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The Chairs of Estate from the coronation of George VI and Elizabeth (1937)
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761:"Britain's coronation throne gets revamp ahead of King Charles' crowning"
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protected location, the cathedral's 13th-century bog-oak effigy of
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68:, which he had captured from the Scots. The chair was named after
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in 2023). (In 2024 the stone is scheduled to be relocated to a
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wood to attach fabric for coronations, and in preparation for
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1950, Scottish nationalists broke into Westminster Abbey and
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and for centuries (until 1997) it was kept in his shrine at
684:
National Treasures: Saving the Nation's Art in World War II
1021:
Coronation of the English, Scottish, and British monarchs
730:
Ross, Peter (April 2023). "Crowns, Choirs & Crypts".
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488:
156:, the chair was covered with a coating of brown paint.
56:
sit when they are invested with regalia and crowned at
318:(since which time they had stood on the dais in the
78:
Coronation of King Charles the III and Queen Camilla
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904:"Buckingham Palace visitors can step into ballroom"
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686:(Hardback). London: John Murray. pp. 201–202.
227:, damaging the stone. It was recovered in time for
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600:Younghusband, Sir George; Cyril Davenport (1919).
331:Coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth
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832:
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709:"The students who stole the Stone of Destiny"
329:The Thrones had originally been made for the
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76:. The Coronation Chair was last used at the
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344:Queen Victoria's coronation Throne of 1837
260:coronation of Charles III and Camilla
1303:Archbishops and Bishops Assistant of the
302:. On occasions when the wife of a king—a
1428:Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother's Crown
36:, which was returned to Scotland in 1996
16:Wooden chair used in British coronations
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707:Brocklehurst, Steven (24 March 2023).
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52:, is an ancient wooden chair on which
276:Coronation of Charles III and Camilla
7:
1562:Queen Consort's Ivory Rod with Dove
266:Other chairs used at the coronation
1557:Queen Consort's Sceptre with Cross
429:. Vol. 22. 1929. p. 163.
14:
238:, since when it has been kept at
60:. It was commissioned in 1296 by
1826:Material culture of royal courts
759:Holden, Michael (1 March 2023).
298:positioned in the middle of the
1801:Coronations of British monarchs
984:History of the Coronation Chair
551:Yorke, James (17 August 2013).
349:coronation of George V and Mary
154:Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee
1542:Sovereign's Sceptre with Cross
244:coronation of King Charles III
32:The chair in 2023 without the
1:
1547:Sovereign's Sceptre with Dove
1310:Garter Principal King of Arms
1256:Chapel Royal, Stirling Castle
606:. Cassell & Co. pp.
1408:Mary of Modena's State Crown
1387:George IV's Coronation Crown
902:Wallace, Sam (6 July 2000).
274:The Coronation Chair at the
194:. The second was during the
129:coronation of George IV
603:The Crown Jewels of England
535:. 12 June 1914. p. 11.
143:in the Coronation Chair at
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1470:Sword of Spiritual Justice
816:English Coronation Records
682:Shenton, Caroline (2021).
316:Coronation of Elizabeth II
20:
1465:Sword of Temporal Justice
929:"Pair of Chairs of State"
1155:Edward VII and Alexandra
1135:George III and Charlotte
1049:Henry VIII and Catherine
819:. A. Constable. p.
386:Westminster Stone theory
347:The Thrones used at the
231:'s coronation in 1953.
225:stole the Stone of Scone
1418:Queen Alexandra's Crown
1299:Great Officers of State
1261:Church of the Holy Rude
1183:Charles III and Camilla
1173:George VI and Elizabeth
1145:William IV and Adelaide
863:"Pair of Throne Chairs"
234:In 1996, the stone was
192:Commonwealth of England
1413:Queen Adelaide's Crown
1382:George I's State Crown
1130:George II and Caroline
934:Royal Collection Trust
891:. Inventory no. 35369.
888:Royal Collection Trust
868:Royal Collection Trust
842:Royal Collection Trust
468:"The Coronation Chair"
279:
148:
37:
1321:Mistress of the Robes
1044:William I and Matilda
937:. Inventory no. 2433.
871:. Inventory no. 2604.
813:Legg, L.G.W. (1901).
715:. BBC. Archived from
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31:
1831:Edward the Confessor
1552:Queen Consort's Ring
1448:Processional objects
1373:Specific crowns worn
1364:Imperial State Crown
1225:Gloucester Cathedral
1220:Winchester Cathedral
986:at Westminster Abbey
565:on 15 February 2016.
236:returned to Scotland
214:Winchester Cathedral
204:Gloucester Cathedral
173:Houses of Parliament
70:Edward the Confessor
1816:Edward I of England
1326:Master of the Robes
908:The Daily Telegraph
532:The Daily Telegraph
50:King Edward's Chair
1806:Individual thrones
1768:Coronation chicken
1423:Queen Mary's Crown
643:, p. 184–185.
280:
229:Queen Elizabeth II
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62:King Edward I
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1821:Westminster Abbey
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1774:Coronation quiche
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1583:Colobium sindonis
1494:Anointing objects
1485:St Edward's Staff
1480:Sword of Offering
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1359:St Edward's Crown
1305:Church of England
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1160:George V and Mary
1081:James II and Mary
969:978-1-78297-152-8
693:978-1-529-38743-8
472:Westminster Abbey
376:Chair of St Peter
324:Buckingham Palace
288:St Edward's Crown
216:for safekeeping.
158:Sir Gilbert Scott
145:Westminster Abbey
82:Westminster Abbey
74:Westminster Abbey
58:their coronations
46:St Edward's Chair
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1506:Coronation Spoon
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240:Edinburgh Castle
196:Second World War
186:was inducted as
180:Westminster Hall
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106:Walter of Durham
54:British monarchs
44:, also known as
42:Coronation Chair
23:Coronation chair
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883:"Throne Chair"
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794:. 1 March 2023
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719:on 8 May 2023.
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1747:Elizabeth II
1735:Police Medal
1723:Police Medal
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1317:of the Realm
1291:Participants
1178:Elizabeth II
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665:Rodwell 2013
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1752:Charles III
1593:Stole Royal
1588:Supertunica
1375:by monarchs
1251:Kelso Abbey
1241:Scone Abbey
1168:(abandoned)
1165:Edward VIII
1071:Elizabeth I
913:11 February
847:24 November
733:Smithsonian
477:11 February
443:|work=
320:Throne Room
117:William III
94:Scone Abbey
1796:1296 works
1790:Categories
1718:Edward VII
1598:Robe Royal
1215:Bath Abbey
1114:Charles II
616:B00086FM86
412:References
248:new museum
98:Perthshire
1742:George VI
1515:Ornaments
1196:Locations
1140:George IV
1061:Edward VI
838:"Thrones"
445:ignored (
435:cite book
284:sanctuary
84:in 2023.
1730:George V
1571:Garments
1234:Scottish
1150:Victoria
1102:James VI
1090:Scottish
1029:Monarchs
954:(2013).
791:BBC News
713:BBC News
370:See also
333:in 1937.
300:crossing
110:Henry IV
1665:Honours
1642:Rituals
1527:Armills
1501:Ampulla
1270:British
1203:English
1123:British
1037:English
945:Sources
798:1 March
770:1 March
765:Reuters
278:in 2023
190:of the
163:At 5:40
121:Mary II
88:History
1776:(2023)
1770:(1953)
1761:Dishes
1711:Medals
1345:Crowns
1097:Mary I
1066:Mary I
966:
690:
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351:(1911)
292:Throne
165:
147:, 1859
102:Gothic
1617:Seats
1522:Spurs
1441:Items
1315:Peers
736:: 50.
610:–61.
392:Notes
294:on a
182:when
115:When
1702:1953
1697:1937
1692:1911
1687:1902
1682:1838
1677:1831
1672:1821
1107:Anne
1054:Anne
964:ISBN
915:2016
849:2023
800:2023
772:2023
688:ISBN
612:ASIN
479:2016
447:help
296:dais
139:The
119:and
40:The
821:276
322:in
250:at
219:On
96:in
80:at
48:or
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