468:
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487:, which was published almost immediately afterwards and had run to a second edition two months later. Il Schifanoya noted that it snowed a little; also that the route had been prepared with wooden barriers to hold back the crowds and that people had spread sand and gravel outside their houses to mitigate the muddy roads. The houses along the way were all decorated and the route lined with the City guildsmen in their hoods and black gowns, together with innumerable flags and banners. He reckoned that the whole procession consisted of a thousand horses. The queen was carried on a
278:. Although the religious ceremony at Westminster Abbey was theoretically the main event, Elizabeth was aware that it was the elaborate processions through London which would secure the new queen's popularity with her subjects: not a foregone conclusion given that she was an unmarried woman, that her claim to the throne rested on her executed mother and that there was likely to be a further period of religious upheaval. The queen spent some £16,000 of her own money on the coronation, while the
40:
587:, where a small tower housed a water cistern serving as the water supply for the area. This was a customary public meeting place. The space was transformed with two artificial hills, one barren and wasted and the other green and fertile, representing bad and good governance. Between the hills, a cave had been constructed; upon the queen's arrival, an old man emerged representing "Time" followed by his daughter "Truth", perhaps a satirical reference to Queen Mary's personal motto;
772:. On the congregation being asked if they accepted Elizabeth as their queen, Il Schifanoya (who probably was not inside the abbey) reported that "they all shouted 'Yes'; and the organs, fifes, trumpets and drums playing, the bells also ringing, it seemed as if the world were come to an end". After making an offering of gold to the altar, the queen sat to listen to the sermon, although which bishop preached it is unknown. The
560:, Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, with Elizabeth seated in majesty at the very top, pointedly underlining the legitimacy of her succession. A small boy was perched above the central arch who gave an oration to the queen, explaining the details of the symbolism, to which the queen listened "most attentively, evincing much satisfaction". Towards the western end of
259:, who warned against attempting to repeal the Succession Acts and the tangle of legislation relating to them. Instead, he advised that following her coronation, Elizabeth's right to rule would be beyond question since "the English laws have long since pronounced, That the Crowne once worn quite taketh away all Defects whatsoever".
857:
writes that Carew sang the mass without elevation, but that
Elizabeth did not receive Communion, citing her reported conversation with the French ambassador in 1571 that 'she had been crowned and anointed according to the ceremonies of the Catholic church, and by Catholic bishops without, however,
286:
and merchants of the City contributed a very substantial amount; exactly how much is unknown. Unusually, the foreign merchants of the City were forbidden to contribute, making it a purely
English display of loyalty; this contrasted with Queen Mary's procession, in which the most elaborate displays
931:
and presented the 1559 coronation and pageants as a turning point against imposed
Catholicism and the triumph of popular Protestantism. Modern historians have taken a more critical view, asserting that the events of January 1559 were carefully stage-managed by Elizabeth and her advisers. Even the
812:
The most controversial element of the ceremony was the
Coronation Mass and Elizabeth's participation in it, since the three surviving eye-witness reports are either obscure or contradictory. There is no clear consensus amongst modern historians as to what actually occurred. It is evident that the
649:
and led them to an era of peace and prosperity, and whom Knox claimed had been a God-given and miraculous exception for the salvation of his people. This representation of
Parliament underscored Elizabeth's legitimacy as ruler by good counsel, following and building on the Little Conduit pageant
618:
of
England, the nobility, clergy, and commonalty. The pageant probably represented the forthcoming parliament which had already been summoned to decide the religious policy of the new government. The depiction of Elizabeth as Deborah was aimed at the supporters of
776:
returned to the form used at Edward's coronation in 1547, but with an amendment to the wording, promising to rule according to the "true profession of the Gospel established in this
Kingdom". The text of the oath was handed to Bishop Oglethorpe by
878:
on which were displayed an array of 140 gold and silver cups. He describes how the 200 guests were seated at four large tables, each divided along the centre to allow the red-caped servants to serve the food. The organisers of the feast, the
198:
and forcing others into exile. The
Protestant-minded Elizabeth outwardly conformed with Mary, but became the focus of opposition to the increasingly unpopular government. Mary became ill in May 1558 and formally recognised Elizabeth as her
633:
418:
An account of the vigil procession was made by Il
Schifanoya, a native of the Italian duchy of Mantua who lived in London and regularly wrote accounts of events there to the Mantuan ambassador in Brussels and to the
326:, was a committed but moderate Catholic who had not participated in the burnings of Mary's reign. Although willing to attend the coronation, he declined to officiate because of the new queen's reforms at the
479:, a state procession from the Tower of London through the City of London and the western suburbs to the Palace of Westminster. Besides Il Schifanoya's account of the event, there is also a pamphlet called
821:
were read in both Latin and
English, a departure from the Catholic custom. At some point during the mass, Elizabeth withdrew to the "traverse", a curtained off area behind the high altar and next to
645:
of Scotland, claimed that female leadership was contrary to the laws of nature and to Biblical teaching. Knox's qualified this assertion in the case of Deborah, who had freed the Israelites from the
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866:
Again, Il Schifanoya provides the most detailed description. Westminster Hall had been decorated by the hanging of two enormous tapestries which had been bought by Henry VIII, representing the
523:, and foreign ambassadors. Towards the rear of the line were the ladies of the participants, the highest ranking in coaches or "chariots", others on horseback or on foot, and finally the royal
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150:. Historians view Elizabeth's coronation as a statement of her intention to restore England to Protestantism, but to allow the continuation of some Catholic customs, a compromise known as the
235:, one on which the stars and planets would be in favourable positions. The brief time between accession and coronation was also a product of Elizabeth's concern over her legal status; the
858:
attending mass'. Finally, the queen left the abbey, smiling and exchanging greetings with the crowd, which Il Schifanoya thought 'exceeded the bounds of gravity and decorum'.
552:
was three storeys tall and was labelled "The vniting of the two houses of Lancastre and York"; upon it was a huge representation of a rose bush on which were large statues of
358:. Several other leading bishops also declined; others were suffering the effects of the same epidemic which had claimed the life of Archbishop Pole. Finally, the low-ranking
753:, because he did not speak enough English to take the oath and Parliament did not want him taking it in his native German. Also for the last time, the coronation included a
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obscurity of the events surrounding the Coronation Mass has been interpreted as a signal that the future religious policy of the regime had yet to be fully determined.
2597:
295:. The stridently Protestant overtone of the royal entry pageantry not only reflected the desire of the City establishment for religious reform; the involvement of the
227:
taking charge. The date of Sunday 15 January 1559 was set: not, as in previous coronations, an appropriate Christian holy day but, following the advice of her court
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923:
According to Roy Strong, Elizabeth's coronation and royal entry has attracted more scholarly attention than any other. In the following centuries, historians from
507:. Elizabeth wore a gown of cloth of gold, her hair was loose about her shoulders, and she wore a gold circlet on her head. A plan of the procession made for the
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262:
Coronation festivities at that time consisted of four parts: the vigil procession to the Tower of London where the monarch would spend one or more nights in
895:), rode around the hall mounted on horseback. The feast began at 3 o'clock when the queen washed her hands. The highlight of the feast was the entry of the
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366:, was coerced into accepting the role. Oglethorpe had already displeased Elizabeth at the Christmas mass at the Chapel Royal, when he performed the
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1242:
Hester Lee-Jeffries, 'Location as Metaphor in Queen Elizabeth's Coronation Entry', Jayne Elisabeth Archer, Elizabeth Goldring, Sarah Knight,
146:
which had been started by her two predecessors, so this was the last coronation in Great Britain to be conducted under the authority of the
2683:
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447:, both inside and out, and was towed by a galley rowed by 40 men with "a band of music". The procession passed under the arches of
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on 17 November, only 12 hours after Queen Mary, and in the uncertainty of the new regime, a successor had yet to be appointed. The
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for the last time before its translation into English in 1601. It would, however, be said in Latin again at the coronation of
186:, under whom the Protestant reforms continued. However, Edward's early death in 1553 led to the accession of Henry's daughter
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was generally used; however most major churches had their own variations on it, the abbey using their own version called the
338:, was unacceptable to Elizabeth because of his role in prosecuting heretics, earning him the epithet of "Bloody Bonner". The
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719:. A plan survives of the layout of the abbey for the service, showing the large platform which had been erected at the
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170:, was one of great political and social change. Religious upheaval in continental Europe and Henry's dispute with the
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1619:
1595:
825:'s shrine, a private space in which the monarch could make the several changes of dress required for the ceremonial.
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of 1543/44 had restored their place in the succession, it had not restored their legitimacy. Elizabeth consulted Sir
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asserts that the mass was sung by Bishop Oglethorpe who elevated the host, prompting Elizabeth's early withdrawal.
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2607:
2353:
2280:
1818:
1507:
899:, 'a country gentleman whose family has long been privileged to do this at all Coronations', actually Sir Edward
768:
The various accounts of the service describe the traditional phases of the coronation liturgy, starting with the
750:
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in the preparations suggest at least a foreknowledge, if not active direction, by Elizabeth and her government.
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3209:
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Perhaps the most elaborate and important pageant was staged further along Cheapside at the Little Conduit near
307:
123:
138:, on 15 January 1559. Elizabeth I had ascended the throne at the age of 25 upon the death of her half-sister,
757:. There was no universal text for the mass in the Catholic Church at that time, and in southern England, the
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346:, was under house arrest for the anti-Protestant sermon he had preached at Queen Mary's funeral, while the
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It was not obvious which bishop should conduct the coronation service. That role traditionally fell to the
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for the appointment of "Commissioners for the Coronation"; a month later five had been selected, with Sir
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The Quene's Majestie's passage through the citie of London to westminster the day before her coronacion
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The instructions and etiquette for Elizabeth's state processions were laid down in a book known as the
39:
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which was accessed by a flight of twenty steps, itself surmounted by a further dais in the form of an
3354:
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1983:
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499:, attended on either side by a line of footmen in scarlet cloaks and escorted by a further line of
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45:
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435:&c. were prepared as sumptuously as possible" which Il Schifanoya thought "reminded one of
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2763:
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2013:
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374:, despite instructions to the contrary since Protestant reformers connected this ritual with
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1903:
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331:
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274:; the coronation service itself in Westminster Abbey, and finally the coronation banquet in
200:
127:
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2142:
2036:
1962:
1509:
Calendar of State Papers and Manuscripts, Relating to English Affairs, Volume 7: 1558-1580
888:
880:
867:
806:
674:, the queen walked the short distance to the abbey in procession, flanked by the Earls of
577:
508:
363:
266:; on the day before the coronation, the royal entry procession through the streets of the
175:
147:
97:
915:
organised for the next day had to be postponed as the queen was 'feeling rather tired'.
511:
lists all of the officers of the royal court, government ministers, judges, knights and
3182:
3013:
2945:
2799:
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2112:
2025:
2019:
1942:
1548:
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of 1536 had declared both Mary and Elizabeth to be bastards and excluded them from the
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911:. The feast ended at 9 o'clock in the evening, when the queen left for Whitehall. A
603:, which was presented to the queen who kissed it, thanking the City for their gift.
2500:
2007:
1921:
892:
884:
699:
327:
1698:
3146:
3141:
2804:
2794:
1868:
1834:
1776:
1676:
Elizabethan Theatre History: An Annotated Bibliography of Scholarship, 1664-1979
1615:
846:
476:
440:
216:
163:
119:
3151:
2768:
2329:
1862:
1694:
1652:
854:
758:
452:
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391:
228:
220:
167:
591:("Truth the Daughter of Time"). Truth was holding a book, inscribed in Latin
488:
402:
207:
to the north of London when she was informed of Mary's death on 17 November.
1874:
875:
849:
states that Oglethorpe sang the mass and that Elizabeth withdrew before the
786:
624:
620:
610:, the queen saw herself portrayed in parliament robes as the Biblical judge
561:
420:
315:
183:
2423:
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of Mantua. The procession on Thursday 12 January was on the Thames from
354:, had died in prison on 28 December after preaching a similar sermon at
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814:
724:
687:
667:
634:
The First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstruous Regiment of Women
628:
611:
544:
or "pageants", each having a theme loaded with political and religious
512:
378:; the Queen therefore walked out of the service before its conclusion.
102:
785:; this suggests that he was behind its formulation. Then followed the
3080:
1621:
Lives of the Archbishops of Canterbury: Reformation period; Volume IX
907:, who issued the traditional challenges, each time throwing down his
900:
646:
520:
428:
187:
139:
135:
1464:
Archer, Jayne Elisabeth; Goldring, Elizabeth; Knight, Sarah (2014).
1632:
The Drama of Coronation: Medieval Ceremony in Early Modern England
1301:
The Drama of Coronation: Medieval Ceremony in Early Modern England
1270:
The Drama of Coronation: Medieval Ceremony in Early Modern England
1257:
The Drama of Coronation: Medieval Ceremony in Early Modern England
1231:
The Drama of Coronation: Medieval Ceremony in Early Modern England
1209:
The Drama of Coronation: Medieval Ceremony in Early Modern England
912:
746:
576:, made a speech and presented a satin purse containing a thousand
475:
Starting at about 2 pm on Saturday 14 January, Elizabeth made her
466:
396:
288:
263:
1485:
Bartlett, Kenneth R.; McGlynn, Margaret, eds. (20 October 2014).
1467:
The Progresses, Pageants, and Entertainments of Queen Elizabeth I
731:, high above the congregation. The order of service followed the
1506:
Brown, Rawdon Lubbock; Bentinck, George Cavendish, eds. (2013).
1338:
Henry VIII and the Art of Majesty: Tapestries at the Tudor Court
496:
171:
2547:
1807:
439:". The queen, attended by members of her court embarked on her
1803:
219:
is dated 17 November 1558, the day of her accession, and is a
459:
was fired. The queen entered the Tower "by a little bridge".
1597:
The Catholic Imaginary and the Cults of Elizabeth, 1558-1582
1530:
The Birth of a Queen: Essays on the Quincentenary of Mary I
1311:
1309:
1244:
Progresses, Pageants, and Entertainments of Queen Elizabeth
741:
of the coronation service, first used in the coronation of
27:
Initiation rite performed to Elizabeth I of England on 1559
1700:
Coronation: A History of Kingship and the British Monarchy
1126:
Location as Metaphor in Queen Elizabeth's Coronation Entry
658:
The coronation service was held on Sunday 15 January. The
174:
over his marital difficulties led Henry to break from the
2575:
Coronation of the English, Scottish, and British monarchs
534:
Along the route, the City had devised a series of eleven
1061:
1059:
805:
were the first to offer their loyalty, rather than the
1730:"The Elizabethan Court Day by Day - Prologue and 1558"
709:
The abbey was decorated with tapestries depicting the
650:
where her rule appeared justified by the Word of God.
637:. This pamphlet, intended to undermine Queen Mary and
471:
Another contemporary depiction of the queen's litter.
3314:
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3218:
3195:
3170:
3124:
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3047:
3001:
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2926:
2905:
2898:
2843:
2823:
2787:
2756:
2749:
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2581:
2493:
2470:
2435:
2392:
2365:
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2297:
2279:
2208:
2181:
2159:
2152:
2121:
2093:
2035:
1976:
1930:
1896:
1855:
841:, sang the mass without elevation and administered
79:
68:
53:
1651:
1488:The Renaissance and Reformation in Northern Europe
797:, accompanied by the sounding of trumpets. At the
1348:
1346:
1136:
1134:
1091:
1089:
495:and lined with pink satin. It was carried by two
390:, which had originally been compiled in 1377 for
44:Elizabeth I of England in her coronation robe; a
927:onwards drew heavily on the tone of Mulcaster's
686:. She was followed by other nobles carrying the
1527:Duncan, Sarah; Schutte, Valerie, eds. (2016).
2559:
1819:
977:
975:
973:
971:
727:of five steps, and on top of that was placed
666:at seven o'clock in the morning. After being
427:to the Tower of London; the fleet of "ships,
394:and had been used at most coronations since.
142:, on 17 November 1558. Mary had reversed the
8:
1004:
1002:
1000:
998:
996:
519:, royal chaplains, bishops and archbishops,
405:at her royal entry, accompanied footmen and
32:
1122:Archer 2014, p. 65. Lees-Jeffries, Hester,
627:, who in the previous year had published a
2998:
2902:
2753:
2587:
2566:
2552:
2544:
2303:
2156:
1826:
1812:
1804:
38:
31:
2857:Archbishops and Bishops Assistant of the
2511:Queen Elizabeth Grammar School, Wakefield
1754:"The Elizabethan Court Day by Day - 1559"
694:and three crowns which were borne by the
662:stipulates that the monarch was to enter
2982:Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother's Crown
2323:The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex
568:and the aldermen awaited the queen, and
1104:Brown and Bentink, preface: pp. viii-ix
940:
190:. She returned England to Catholicism,
698:, all accompanied by the Choir of the
182:. Henry VIII was succeeded by his son
7:
1624:. London: Richard Bentley & Son.
837:both state that the royal chaplain,
287:had been provided by merchants from
48:of circa 1600, after a lost original
18:Coronation of Elizabeth I of England
3116:Queen Consort's Ivory Rod with Dove
1781:"The Coronation of Queen Elizabeth"
874:; while on a raised platform was a
3111:Queen Consort's Sceptre with Cross
1272:(Cambridge, 2008), pp. 166, 168-9.
845:to the queen inside the traverse.
25:
2289:Secret correspondence of James VI
1752:Colthorpe, Marion E. (May 2017).
2409:Elisabetta, regina d'Inghilterra
2315:Les Amours de la reine Élisabeth
1673:Stevens, David (November 2011).
763:Litlyngton or Westminster Missal
737:, the abbey's transcript of the
455:, and approaching the Tower, an
203:on 6 November. Elizabeth was at
3365:Coronations of English monarchs
3096:Sovereign's Sceptre with Cross
1635:. Cambridge University Press.
1512:. Cambridge University Press.
801:, it was significant that the
702:singing the processional hymn
215:Elizabeth I's first surviving
1:
3101:Sovereign's Sceptre with Dove
2864:Garter Principal King of Arms
2810:Chapel Royal, Stirling Castle
1303:(Cambridge, 2008), pp. 168-9.
682:and her train carried by the
595:, "words of truth", a banned
330:. The next in seniority, the
257:Lord Keeper of the Great Seal
2962:Mary of Modena's State Crown
2941:George IV's Coronation Crown
1763:. Folger Shakespeare Library
1739:. Folger Shakespeare Library
1491:. Toronto University Press.
1198:Bartlett and McGlynn, p. 279
1113:Brown and Bentink, pp. 11-12
1579:. Oxford University Press.
1470:. Oxford University Press.
990:Duncan & Schutte, p. 80
929:The Quenes makesties pasage
706:("Hail, Thou Festal Day").
196:300 Protestants as heretics
3381:
3024:Sword of Spiritual Justice
1703:. London: Harper Collins.
1576:The Children of Henry VIII
1259:(Cambridge, 2008), p. 166.
1233:(Cambridge, 2008), p. 166.
1211:(Cambridge, 2008), p. 166.
3019:Sword of Temporal Justice
2519:
2355:Elizabeth: The Golden Age
1841:
1658:. London: Vintage Books.
1654:Elizabeth: Apprenticeship
1594:Hamrick, Stephen (2009).
1433:Brown and Bentinck, p. 18
1415:Brown and Bentinck, p. 16
1162:(Cambridge, 2008), p. 53.
443:, which was covered with
57:15 January 1559
37:
33:Coronation of Elizabeth I
2709:Edward VII and Alexandra
2689:George III and Charlotte
2603:Henry VIII and Catherine
2172:The Doubt of Future Foes
1912:(Lady of the Bedchamber)
1728:, Marion E. (May 2017).
1315:Brown and Bentink, p. 16
1189:Brown and Bentink, p. 13
1149:Brown and Bentink, p. 12
903:, mounted and in a full
308:archbishop of Canterbury
2972:Queen Alexandra's Crown
2853:Great Officers of State
2815:Church of the Holy Rude
2737:Charles III and Camilla
2727:George VI and Elizabeth
2699:William IV and Adelaide
2167:On Monsieur's Departure
2137:Plimpton Sieve Portrait
1650:Starkey, David (2001).
1424:Colthorpe "1559", p. 14
1160:The Drama of Coronation
1074:Colthorpe "1558", p. 11
919:Historical significance
437:Ascension Day in Venice
92:Great Officers of State
2967:Queen Adelaide's Crown
2936:George I's State Crown
2684:George II and Caroline
1761:folgerpedia.folger.edu
1737:folgerpedia.folger.edu
1533:. Palgrave Macmillan.
1246:(Oxford, 2007), p. 67.
745:in 1308 and spoken in
654:The coronation service
589:Veritas Temporis Filia
580:in gold to Elizabeth.
472:
410:
152:Elizabethan Settlement
144:Protestant Reformation
2875:Mistress of the Robes
2598:William I and Matilda
1340:(Yale, 2007), p. 349.
470:
400:
382:The state processions
272:Palace of Westminster
241:Second Succession Act
178:and to establish the
3106:Queen Consort's Ring
3002:Processional objects
2927:Specific crowns worn
2918:Imperial State Crown
2779:Gloucester Cathedral
2774:Winchester Cathedral
1996:Religious Settlement
1984:Third Succession Act
1953:Hampton Court Palace
1887:Mary, Queen of Scots
1629:Hunt, Alice (2011).
1065:Starkey, pp. 267-268
1017:Collinson, Chapter 3
872:Acts of the Apostles
862:The coronation feast
809:as was traditional.
765:, dating from 1384.
712:Acts of the Apostles
574:recorder of the City
566:Lord Mayor of London
548:. The first arch at
501:Gentlemen Pensioners
414:The vigil procession
407:Gentlemen Pensioners
348:bishop of Chichester
340:bishop of Winchester
310:, but the incumbent
249:Third Succession Act
237:First Succession Act
192:burning at the stake
2880:Master of the Robes
2452:Elizabeth the Queen
2002:Regnans in Excelsis
1968:Queen Elizabeth Oak
1948:Palace of Whitehall
1906:(Lady of the Robes)
1406:Strong, pp. 208-210
1281:Strong, pp. 224-225
1171:Strong, pp. 217-218
1083:Strong, pp. 208-209
1044:Strong, pp. 214-215
717:scenes from Genesis
614:accompanied by the
597:English translation
585:St Paul's Cathedral
529:Yeoman of the Guard
491:, covered in white
352:John Christopherson
34:
3322:Coronation chicken
2977:Queen Mary's Crown
2382:The Virgin's Lover
2103:Bacton Altar Cloth
1910:Elizabeth Stafford
1679:. Lulu Press Inc.
1334:Thomas P. Campbell
956:Fraser, pp.190–211
947:Fraser, pp.179–189
783:Secretary of State
684:Duchess of Norfolk
672:archbishop of York
550:Gracechurch Street
473:
411:
401:Queen Elizabeth's
376:transubstantiation
360:bishop of Carlisle
320:archbishop of York
245:line of succession
3360:Westminster Abbey
3337:
3336:
3328:Coronation quiche
3191:
3190:
3137:Colobium sindonis
3048:Anointing objects
3039:St Edward's Staff
3034:Sword of Offering
2990:
2989:
2913:St Edward's Crown
2859:Church of England
2839:
2838:
2831:Westminster Abbey
2764:Westminster Abbey
2745:
2744:
2714:George V and Mary
2635:James II and Mary
2541:
2540:
2489:
2488:
2479:The Faerie Queene
2204:
2203:
2014:Throckmorton Plot
1958:St James's Palace
1220:Knight, Chapter 4
965:Hilton, Chapter 9
925:Raphael Holinshed
779:Sir William Cecil
729:St Edward's Chair
688:coronation swords
558:Elizabeth of York
485:Richard Mulcaster
225:Richard Sackville
180:Church of England
132:Westminster Abbey
112:
111:
87:Queen Elizabeth I
75:, London, England
73:Westminster Abbey
16:(Redirected from
3372:
3178:Coronation Chair
3157:Coronation glove
3091:Sovereign's Ring
3060:Coronation Spoon
3009:Ceremonial maces
2999:
2906:Principal crowns
2903:
2754:
2630:James I and Anne
2588:
2568:
2561:
2554:
2545:
2417:Roberto Devereux
2339:The Virgin Queen
2304:
2157:
2131:Pelican Portrait
1938:Greenwich Palace
1844:Queen of England
1828:
1821:
1814:
1805:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1758:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1734:
1714:
1690:
1669:
1657:
1646:
1625:
1611:
1590:
1566:
1544:
1523:
1502:
1481:
1452:
1449:
1443:
1440:
1434:
1431:
1425:
1422:
1416:
1413:
1407:
1404:
1398:
1395:
1389:
1386:
1380:
1377:
1371:
1368:
1362:
1359:
1353:
1350:
1341:
1331:
1325:
1322:
1316:
1313:
1304:
1297:
1291:
1288:
1282:
1279:
1273:
1266:
1260:
1253:
1247:
1240:
1234:
1227:
1221:
1218:
1212:
1205:
1199:
1196:
1190:
1187:
1181:
1178:
1172:
1169:
1163:
1156:
1150:
1147:
1141:
1138:
1129:
1120:
1114:
1111:
1105:
1102:
1096:
1093:
1084:
1081:
1075:
1072:
1066:
1063:
1054:
1053:Marshall, p. 424
1051:
1045:
1042:
1036:
1033:
1027:
1024:
1018:
1015:
1009:
1006:
991:
988:
982:
979:
966:
963:
957:
954:
948:
945:
897:Queen's Champion
739:fourth recension
704:Salve festa dies
664:Westminster Hall
593:Verbum Veritatis
570:Ranulph Cholmley
541:tableaux vivants
536:triumphal arches
457:artillery salute
425:Whitehall Palace
332:bishop of London
284:livery companies
276:Westminster Hall
239:of 1533 and the
201:heir presumptive
124:Queen of England
64:
62:
42:
35:
21:
3380:
3379:
3375:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3370:
3369:
3350:1559 in England
3340:
3339:
3338:
3333:
3310:
3260:
3214:
3210:Coronation Oath
3187:
3166:
3120:
3086:Sovereign's Orb
3064:
3043:
2986:
2950:
2928:
2922:
2894:
2890:King's Champion
2885:Court of Claims
2835:
2819:
2783:
2741:
2672:
2639:
2577:
2572:
2542:
2537:
2515:
2485:
2466:
2431:
2401:The Fairy-Queen
2388:
2361:
2293:
2275:
2200:
2177:
2148:
2143:Armada Portrait
2117:
2089:
2031:
1972:
1963:Richmond Palace
1926:
1892:
1851:
1837:
1832:
1794:
1792:
1775:
1766:
1764:
1756:
1751:
1742:
1740:
1732:
1724:
1721:
1711:
1695:Strong, Sir Roy
1693:
1687:
1672:
1666:
1649:
1643:
1628:
1616:Hook, Walter F.
1614:
1608:
1593:
1587:
1569:
1563:
1549:Fraser, Antonia
1547:
1541:
1526:
1520:
1505:
1499:
1484:
1478:
1463:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1446:
1441:
1437:
1432:
1428:
1423:
1419:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1401:
1396:
1392:
1387:
1383:
1379:Starkey, p. 276
1378:
1374:
1369:
1365:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1344:
1332:
1328:
1323:
1319:
1314:
1307:
1298:
1294:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1276:
1267:
1263:
1254:
1250:
1241:
1237:
1228:
1224:
1219:
1215:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1184:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1166:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1132:
1121:
1117:
1112:
1108:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1087:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1069:
1064:
1057:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1039:
1035:Stevens, p. 263
1034:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1012:
1007:
994:
989:
985:
980:
969:
964:
960:
955:
951:
946:
942:
938:
921:
889:Earl of Arundel
881:Duke of Norfolk
868:Book of Genesis
864:
807:lords spiritual
793:and the actual
774:coronation oath
656:
509:College of Arms
465:
463:The royal entry
416:
384:
364:Owen Oglethorpe
356:St Paul's Cross
247:. Although the
213:
176:Catholic Church
160:
148:Catholic Church
108:
98:Catholic Church
96:Bishops of the
60:
58:
49:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3378:
3376:
3368:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3342:
3341:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3331:
3325:
3318:
3316:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3281:
3280:
3279:
3268:
3266:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3222:
3220:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3212:
3207:
3199:
3197:
3193:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3183:Stone of Scone
3180:
3174:
3172:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3128:
3126:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3072:
3070:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3062:
3057:
3051:
3049:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3029:Sword of Mercy
3026:
3021:
3016:
3014:Sword of State
3011:
3005:
3003:
2996:
2992:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2958:
2956:
2955:Consort crowns
2952:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2946:Diamond Diadem
2943:
2938:
2932:
2930:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2909:
2907:
2900:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2866:
2861:
2855:
2849:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2833:
2827:
2825:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2800:Holyrood Abbey
2797:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2760:
2758:
2751:
2747:
2746:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2680:
2678:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2665:
2664:
2663:
2653:
2647:
2645:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2611:
2610:
2600:
2594:
2592:
2585:
2579:
2578:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2563:
2556:
2548:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2528:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2497:
2495:
2491:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2483:
2474:
2472:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2464:
2456:
2448:
2439:
2437:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2421:
2413:
2405:
2396:
2394:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2378:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2359:
2351:
2343:
2335:
2327:
2319:
2310:
2308:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2291:
2285:
2283:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2267:
2261:
2255:
2249:
2243:
2237:
2231:
2225:
2219:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2192:
2189:Tilbury Speech
2185:
2183:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2169:
2163:
2161:
2154:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2140:
2134:
2127:
2125:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2113:Royal Gold Cup
2110:
2105:
2099:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2041:
2039:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2026:Spanish Armada
2023:
2020:Babington Plot
2017:
2011:
2005:
1999:
1993:
1987:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1943:Hatfield House
1940:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1919:
1913:
1907:
1900:
1898:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1884:
1878:
1877:(half-brother)
1872:
1866:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1852:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1833:
1831:
1830:
1823:
1816:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1773:
1749:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1710:978-0007160549
1709:
1691:
1686:978-1105175213
1685:
1670:
1665:978-0099286578
1664:
1647:
1642:978-0521182874
1641:
1626:
1612:
1607:978-0754665885
1606:
1591:
1586:978-0192840905
1585:
1567:
1562:978-0297852179
1561:
1545:
1540:978-1137597489
1539:
1524:
1519:978-1108060639
1518:
1503:
1498:978-1442607149
1497:
1482:
1477:978-0199673759
1476:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1453:
1444:
1435:
1426:
1417:
1408:
1399:
1390:
1381:
1372:
1363:
1354:
1352:Strong, p. 211
1342:
1326:
1324:Strong, p. 174
1317:
1305:
1292:
1283:
1274:
1261:
1248:
1235:
1222:
1213:
1200:
1191:
1182:
1180:Strong, p. 223
1173:
1164:
1151:
1142:
1140:Strong, p. 222
1130:
1115:
1106:
1097:
1095:Strong, p. 214
1085:
1076:
1067:
1055:
1046:
1037:
1028:
1026:Strong, p. 221
1019:
1010:
992:
983:
981:Strong, p. 212
967:
958:
949:
939:
937:
934:
920:
917:
905:suit of armour
863:
860:
843:Holy Communion
803:lords temporal
655:
652:
464:
461:
415:
412:
383:
380:
324:Nicholas Heath
301:Royal Wardrobe
268:City of London
253:Nicholas Bacon
212:
209:
205:Hatfield House
159:
156:
130:took place at
110:
109:
107:
106:
100:
94:
89:
83:
81:
77:
76:
70:
66:
65:
55:
51:
50:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3377:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3329:
3326:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3285:
3282:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3263:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3217:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3205:
3204:Liber Regalis
3201:
3200:
3198:
3194:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3169:
3163:
3162:Imperial Robe
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3132:Robe of State
3130:
3129:
3127:
3123:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3067:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3046:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3000:
2997:
2993:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2953:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2925:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2904:
2901:
2897:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2822:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2786:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2755:
2752:
2748:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2669:
2666:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2642:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2569:
2564:
2562:
2557:
2555:
2550:
2549:
2546:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2521:
2518:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2506:Stuart period
2504:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2492:
2482:
2480:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2469:
2463:
2461:
2460:Elizabeth Rex
2457:
2455:
2453:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2434:
2428:
2426:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2391:
2385:
2383:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2364:
2358:
2356:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2296:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2278:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2196:
2195:Golden Speech
2193:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2151:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2129:
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3301:Elizabeth II
3289:Police Medal
3277:Police Medal
3202:
2871:of the Realm
2845:Participants
2732:Elizabeth II
2721:
2624:
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2501:Tudor period
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2045:Architecture
2008:Ridolfi Plot
1989:
1922:Aura Soltana
1918:(Apothecary)
1795:24 September
1793:. Retrieved
1788:
1784:
1779:(May 1953).
1767:24 September
1765:. Retrieved
1760:
1743:24 September
1741:. Retrieved
1736:
1699:
1675:
1653:
1631:
1620:
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1575:
1552:
1529:
1508:
1487:
1466:
1451:Hunt, p. 155
1447:
1442:Hunt, p. 161
1438:
1429:
1420:
1411:
1402:
1393:
1384:
1375:
1366:
1361:Hook, p. 151
1357:
1337:
1329:
1320:
1300:
1299:Alice Hunt,
1295:
1286:
1277:
1269:
1268:Alice Hunt,
1264:
1256:
1255:Alice Hunt,
1251:
1243:
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1229:Alice Hunt,
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1208:
1207:Alice Hunt,
1203:
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1158:Alice Hunt,
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1100:
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1070:
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1040:
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1022:
1013:
1008:Rowse (1953)
986:
961:
952:
943:
928:
922:
893:Lord Steward
885:Earl Marshal
865:
851:consecration
839:George Carew
811:
767:
732:
710:
708:
703:
700:Chapel Royal
659:
657:
632:
605:
592:
588:
582:
539:
533:
480:
474:
417:
387:
385:
328:Chapel Royal
314:had died of
305:
261:
214:
211:Preparations
161:
113:
105:of the realm
80:Participants
29:
3355:Elizabeth I
3306:Charles III
3147:Stole Royal
3142:Supertunica
2929:by monarchs
2805:Kelso Abbey
2795:Scone Abbey
2722:(abandoned)
2719:Edward VIII
2625:Elizabeth I
2209:Parliaments
2123:Portraiture
1916:Hugh Morgan
1869:Anne Boleyn
1850:(1558–1603)
1835:Elizabeth I
1555:. W&N.
1553:Elizabeth I
1124:Chapter 4:
847:A. L. Rowse
835:Lisa Hilton
770:Recognition
483:written by
477:royal entry
441:royal barge
433:brigantines
217:state paper
166:'s father,
164:Elizabeth I
120:Elizabeth I
3344:Categories
3272:Edward VII
3152:Robe Royal
2769:Bath Abbey
2668:Charles II
2444:Henry VIII
2374:Kenilworth
2331:Young Bess
2299:Depictions
2281:Succession
2070:Literature
2060:Government
1990:Coronation
1863:Henry VIII
1777:Rowse, A L
1388:Guy p. 179
1290:Guy p. 184
936:References
887:) and the
855:Roy Strong
781:, the new
759:Sarum Rite
680:Shrewsbury
647:Canaanites
608:Temple Bar
453:flood tide
445:tapestries
392:Richard II
344:John White
229:astrologer
221:memorandum
168:Henry VIII
158:Background
116:coronation
61:1559-01-15
3296:George VI
3069:Ornaments
2750:Locations
2694:George IV
2615:Edward VI
2532:James I →
2347:Elizabeth
2095:Inventory
2075:Ministers
1931:Locations
1897:Household
1875:Edward VI
1726:Colthorpe
1571:Guy, John
823:St Edward
791:Investing
787:Anointing
743:Edward II
631:entitled
625:John Knox
623:reformer
621:Calvinist
562:Cheapside
554:Henry VII
503:carrying
421:Castellan
368:Elevation
316:influenza
184:Edward VI
46:miniature
3284:George V
3125:Garments
2788:Scottish
2704:Victoria
2656:James VI
2644:Scottish
2583:Monarchs
2525:← Mary I
2425:Gloriana
2182:Speeches
2153:Writings
1889:(cousin)
1871:(mother)
1865:(father)
1719:Articles
1697:(2005).
1618:(1872).
1573:(2013).
1551:(2012).
909:gauntlet
870:and the
831:John Guy
817:and the
795:Crowning
751:George I
721:crossing
676:Pembroke
546:allegory
527:and the
525:henchmen
513:baronets
505:halberds
299:and the
293:Florence
280:aldermen
233:John Dee
69:Location
3219:Honours
3196:Rituals
3081:Armills
3055:Ampulla
2824:British
2757:English
2677:British
2591:English
2494:Related
2085:Theatre
2065:Leisure
2055:Fashion
1848:Ireland
815:Epistle
725:octagon
670:by the
629:polemic
612:Deborah
599:of the
521:heralds
451:on the
429:galleys
370:of the
270:to the
128:Ireland
59: (
3330:(2023)
3324:(1953)
3315:Dishes
3265:Medals
2899:Crowns
2651:Mary I
2620:Mary I
2481:(1590)
2471:Poetry
2462:(2000)
2454:(1930)
2446:(1613)
2427:(1953)
2419:(1837)
2411:(1815)
2403:(1692)
2393:Operas
2384:(2004)
2376:(1821)
2366:Novels
2357:(2007)
2349:(1998)
2341:(1955)
2333:(1953)
2325:(1939)
2317:(1912)
2272:(1601)
2266:(1597)
2260:(1593)
2254:(1589)
2248:(1586)
2242:(1584)
2236:(1572)
2230:(1571)
2224:(1562)
2218:(1558)
2197:(1601)
2191:(1588)
2174:(1571)
2160:Poetry
2145:(1588)
2139:(1579)
2133:(1575)
2028:(1588)
2022:(1586)
2016:(1583)
2010:(1571)
2004:(1570)
1998:(1559)
1992:(1559)
1986:(1543)
1977:Events
1881:Mary I
1856:Family
1707:
1683:
1662:
1639:
1604:
1583:
1559:
1537:
1516:
1495:
1474:
901:Dymoke
876:buffet
819:Gospel
799:Homage
789:, the
690:, the
668:censed
641:, the
564:, the
489:litter
403:litter
255:, the
188:Mary I
140:Mary I
136:London
3171:Seats
3076:Spurs
2995:Items
2869:Peers
2436:Plays
2080:Music
2037:Reign
1757:(PDF)
1733:(PDF)
1458:Books
913:joust
891:(the
883:(the
747:Latin
578:marks
517:peers
497:mules
289:Genoa
264:vigil
231:, Dr
194:some
103:Peers
3256:1953
3251:1937
3246:1911
3241:1902
3236:1838
3231:1831
3226:1821
2661:Anne
2608:Anne
2307:Film
2270:10th
1846:and
1797:2017
1769:2017
1745:2017
1705:ISBN
1681:ISBN
1660:ISBN
1637:ISBN
1602:ISBN
1581:ISBN
1557:ISBN
1535:ISBN
1514:ISBN
1493:ISBN
1472:ISBN
833:and
715:and
678:and
538:and
372:Host
291:and
172:Pope
126:and
114:The
54:Date
2264:9th
2258:8th
2252:7th
2246:6th
2240:5th
2234:4th
2228:3rd
2222:2nd
2216:1st
2050:Art
1791:(5)
692:orb
606:At
122:as
118:of
3346::
1787:.
1783:.
1759:.
1735:.
1345:^
1336:,
1308:^
1133:^
1088:^
1058:^
995:^
970:^
853:.
572:,
556:,
531:.
515:,
431:,
362:,
350:,
342:,
334:,
322:,
282:,
154:.
134:,
2567:e
2560:t
2553:v
1827:e
1820:t
1813:v
1799:.
1789:3
1771:.
1747:.
1713:.
1689:.
1668:.
1645:.
1610:.
1589:.
1565:.
1543:.
1522:.
1501:.
1480:.
409:.
63:)
20:)
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