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939:, a Swedish artillery expert, who had also overseen the 1661 coronation fireworks during which he had been badly injured. At 9:30, the King and Queen appeared on the terrace of Whitehall Palace accompanied by a large number of courtiers. Fortunately, the tide was out, which saved any of the immense crowd from drowning. Three or four people were injured by stray pyrothechnics. No record of any music has survived, but it seems certain that the King's musicians contributed. The centre-piece of the display included two large pyramids and
29:
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718:
847:. The anthem is in three distinct parts, the first for the Queen's procession to the throne next to the King, and the second and third while both were seated enthroned. The opening text of the second part may be seen as a veiled warning by Sancroft to the foreign Catholic queen of a Protestant kingdom; "Hearken, O daughter, and consider, incline thine ear: forget also thine own people, and thy father's house". The third section was written in a
562:
405:. The exact reason why the tradition was abandoned was not recorded, but later suggestions include that James preferred to spend the money on jewels for his consort, that there was insufficient time for preparation, or that the ostentation of these processions had gone out of fashion. However, a more probable reason was that the Protestant-minded City had been a leading force in the Exclusion Crisis, resulting in the loss of their
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was also filled with galleries, although those who had paid for a seat there would have only seen the entry and recessional processions, and be able to hear little except the music. Westminster Hall had to be cleared for the traditional coronation banquet, it being normally partitioned into separate
926:
read out a challenge to anyone disputing the right of the new king. The King and Queen left at 7 o'clock, ordering a postponement of the planned firework display until the next evening "by reason of the great fatigue of the day". Nevertheless, Sandford records that in London there were "Bonfires,
569:
On 23 April, the ceremonies started at
Westminster Hall. Participants had to be in their places by 8 am. The King and Queen arrived at 11.30, after the short journey by barge from Whitehall Palace. The crown jewels and regalia were brought to the hall in procession by the Dean and Chapter of
307:
On 2 February 1685, King
Charles became seriously ill. Fearing a move by the exiles in the Netherlands, the government immediately closed the ports, arrested political opponents and put troops on standby. Charles died on 6 February. James immediately summoned the
163:, the only time that a British coronation has been conducted without one. The truncated text of the coronation liturgy which was prepared for the service provided the model for future coronations into the 20th century. James was also the first monarch since the
433:. James required Sancroft to "review the Forms of Divine Service used at former Coronations, and (keeping to the Essentials) to abridge, as much as might be, the extream length thereof". The subtext of this order was the omission of the Holy Communion or
1192:
552:
James had established a
Catholic chapel at Whitehall Palace and it was there that James and Mary are believed to have been privately anointed and crowned by his chaplain on the night before the official Anglican coronation.
586:. Sandford's book illustrates the entire procession in nineteen detailed engravings, showing first King's Herb Woman and then the peers, clergy and heralds, with the King and Queen walking under canopies borne by the
437:
from the service, which had been a fundamental part of
English coronations since records began, so as not to compromise James's Catholic beliefs. An added complication was the need to include the coronation of a
299:
parliament and never called another one. By 1684, Charles's parliamentary opponents were either exiled in the
Netherlands or had been deprived of their posts. A large royal army was camped just outside London on
992:
where there was a procession of 300 virgins. Although these events were generally sponsored by civic and church authorities, there does seem to have been genuine popular support for the new King and Queen.
656:, she was greeted with the acclamation; "VIVAT REGINA MARIA" and the King following with "VIVAT JACOBUS REX". Sandford says that the Vivats were sung, but it is not known what tune was used; musicologist
515:
church meet and was known as the "theatre". Here, a raised wooden platform 40 feet (12 m) long, 50 feet (15 m) wide and 8 feet (2.4 m) tall was surmounted by a further stepped platform or
824:, composed by Blow and perhaps chosen because of the verse, "I will set his Domination also in the Sea: And his Right Hand in the Floods", which may have been a reference to James's previous success as
503:, who had also fulfilled that function at the previous coronation in 1661. Sanford's detailed account provides for the first time the exact layout prepared for the coronation, both in the abbey and in
390:
to confirm those who claimed the right to perform ceremonial functions at the coronation, which conferred status and sometimes valuable rewards on the successful applicants; the court first met at the
906:
The banquet, meticulously recorded by
Sandford, consisted of 1,445 dishes, 175 of which were served to the King's table, at a total cost of £1,209 15s 7½d. The dishes included stags' tongues, roast
644:. The music is in three distinct sections, and the first break may have allowed the choir to make their way from the procession into their gallery. It is probably in this gap that the now customary
2078:
729:
coronations for the number of composers that contributed, although with no attempt to follow a single style or theme. The responsibility for organising the coronation music apparently rested with
1799:
903:
canopy under which the King was walking was said to have ripped and the crown was said to have almost fallen off the King's head; these were taken as bad omens for the forthcoming reign.
879:, along with a circlet or diadem to be worn in the procession to the abbey. The total cost of the queen's jewels was £35,000 despite the gem stones being hired, a figure described by the
409:
and the purging of opponents in the City elite, thus making the reception of such a grand event within London's walls problematic. The alternative adopted was to be a spectacular public
312:
and gave an impassioned speech promising to "preserve this
Government both in Church and State as it is now by Law Establish'd". The relieved council had a transcript published in the
831:
There were no precedents for music for the crowning of Queen Mary, since the records of the previous queen consort's coronations in 1603 and 1625 made no mention of any. The anthem,
737:, as he was given "Five Yards of fine Scarlet Cloth for his Mantle as Composer". A "little organ" was installed in the choir gallery and removed afterwards; it was played by
334:
appeared to remove the need for one. The late King
Charles, who had converted to Catholicism on his deathbed, was given a discrete private funeral after dark on 14 February.
326:, leaving only a few weeks for preparation; the French ambassador noted that James believed the coronation would put his accession beyond dispute. For the first time for the
1831:
1792:
467:
in 1603. Besides deleting much material, Sancroft also amended some of the blessings of objects to become blessings of the King and Queen, so as to conform with
362:, who had overall charge of the planning. At the first meeting, James ordered that a lavish and detailed record of the coronation be made, a work undertaken by
741:, who also replaced Blow singing in the choir while the latter was conducting. The combined choirs of the Chapel Royal and Westminster Abbey totalled twenty
1785:
734:
570:
Westminster Abbey, where they were ceremonially distributed to their rightful bearers. The processional route from hall to the crossing of the abbey via
2215:
520:
for the king's and queen's thrones. Tiered seating supported on wooden scaffolding filled the north and south transepts; further galleries filled the
475:
as "revolutionary vandalism", but
Sancroft's text (with Communion reinstated) became the model for future British coronations into the 20th century.
2583:
453:
Sancroft was aided in the project by six other bishops, who consulted not only the last major revision to the coronation liturgy, the 14th century
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1894:
342:
As was the usual procedure, a
Coronation Committee was convened shortly after the accession. In attendance were the king, representatives of the
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2242:
1942:
1922:
1836:
676:
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2344:
1970:
1960:
1932:
1698:
1629:
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1917:
943:, surmounted by the royal cyphers, the imperial crown and over them all, a representation of the sun. An illuminated figure representing
382:, was the first complete record of the ceremony to survive and includes not only a meticulous description but is lavishly illustrated by
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1952:
880:
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1884:
1674:
1650:
1597:
1528:
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271:, when parliament attempted to pass bills that would exclude James from the throne, because they feared that a Catholic monarch, like
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where the event would start and conclude. In the abbey, the area where the coronation ceremonies would take place was located at the
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1901:
1808:
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109:
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614:
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267:, refused to take the oath, which publicly revealed the fact that James had secretly converted to Catholicism. This provoked the
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1947:
1853:
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244:
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1863:
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and forty-eight gentlemen, who were accompanied by an orchestra of thirty-six musicians. Listed amongst the Chapel Royal
2588:
1937:
825:
753:, who was also the abbey organist, although there is no evidence that the great organ was played during the coronation.
355:
1816:
545:
hung about with rich tapestries was built for the king and queen, while at the opposite end, a painted wood and board
899:
Following the coronation service, there was a return procession from the abbey to Westminster Hall, during which the
701:
whom he extolled as a martyr. Another amendment to the traditional format was the moving of the investment with the
578:) was covered with blue cloth to a total length of 1,220 yards (1,120 m), bounded by wooden rails and ranks of
175:
procession through London, these and other innovations set long-standing precedents for future British coronations.
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2257:
1965:
1514:
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443:
1587:
331:
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1858:
1841:
790:, probably the one that had been used at the previous coronation. The anointing ended with a new anthem by Blow,
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363:
34:
28:
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The Coronation Committee also oversaw the required infrastructure for the event, which was carried out by the
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Sancroft's re-ordering of the service resulted in the abandoning of several historical prayers, moving the
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347:
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sailed past, followed by nineteen firework swans. The display continued for three-quarters of an hour.
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courtrooms. Galleries were constructed along each side for spectators. At the southern end, a canopied
323:
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2151:
2146:
2012:
2007:
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895:
A detail of the illustration in Sandford's work, showing the peers' tables at the coronation banquet.
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653:
633:
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Ringing of Bells, Royal Healths to Their MAJESTIES, and all other Expressions of an Universal Joy".
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arcades to accommodate foreign dignatories, the musicians and choir, and for the first time, the
380:
The History of the Coronation of the most High, most Mighty, and most Excellent Monarch, James II
343:
216:
212:
156:
137:
129:
2319:
2123:
915:
640:, but the manuscript of the music that is generally accepted to have been used is attributed to
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and restrict Protestant freedom of worship. The perceived threat was amplified by a fictitious
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1997:
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152:
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traditions, while many in parliament, calling themselves "the Country Party" (later known as
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1759:
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919:
782:
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224:
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492:
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Sandford's plan of Westmister Abbey and the temporary structures built for the coronation.
200:
188:
1756:
Mélanges de l'École française de Rome - Italie et Méditerranée modernes et contemporaines
756:
Aside from the entrance anthem described above, other notable music included; an anthem,
871:
had been remade in 1661, following the destruction of the medieval originals during the
2416:
2247:
2179:
2033:
1493:"Chapter 13: Royal Entries, the City of London, and the Politics of Stuart Successions"
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936:
773:
709:
to after the crowning, probably to emphasise that the whole investiture was important.
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546:
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664:. It is unknown if Vivats were used at previous coronations, but a Tudor version by
726:
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371:
359:
301:
264:
1688:
1664:
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in 1626. There is some doubt about the composer, since Sandford attributes it to
598:
and Westmintser Abbey together with drummers and trumpeters, who sang an anthem,
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2028:
1751:
787:
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398:
284:
232:
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199:
Mary of Modena in c. 1687 after her coronation as queen consort, a portrait by
2385:
2002:
1684:
1488:
989:
988:. Local reports record coronation events in many smaller communities, such as
985:
973:
961:
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624:
248:
149:
914:
and caviar. The high point of the ceremonial was the entry of the hereditary
397:
For the first time since 1377, there was no consideration given to holding a
394:
on 24 March and closed on 9 April, only a fortnight before the event itself.
875:. There having been no queen consort's coronations since the Restoration, a
848:
840:
730:
641:
629:
565:
One of the illustrations of the coronation procession in Sandford's account.
533:
512:
434:
383:
272:
256:
721:
Four gentlemen of the Westmister Abbey choir in the coronation procession.
471:
theology. The resulting abridgement was described by the church historian
1763:
1621:
Music and Ceremonial at British Coronations: From James I to Elizabeth II
935:
The postponed firework display was devised by the King's Engineer, Major
836:
817:
799:
761:
468:
322:
to their congregations. The date of the coronation was set for 23 April,
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240:
145:
2262:
2102:
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521:
96:
1589:
Revolution : the great crisis of the British monarchy, 1685-1720ؼ
2314:
911:
686:
672:
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were performed for the first recorded time by the King's Scholars of
319:
171:, and the first English monarch since the 14th century not to plan a
386:, plans and diagrams. A function of the committee is to establish a
956:
reported local celebrations of feasting, bonfires and fireworks in
907:
890:
853:
716:
645:
613:
560:
482:
330:, there was to be no Scottish coronation, on the grounds that the
194:
182:
542:
537:
1781:
295:, were able to block the exclusion bills and in 1681, Charles
1642:
Gunpowder & Glory: The Explosive Life of Frank Brock OBE
851:
by Purcell, providing a grand finale to the whole ceremony.
1690:
Coronation: A History of Kingship and the British Monarchy
1809:
Coronation of the English, Scottish, and British monarchs
1497:
Stuart Succession Literature: Moments and Transformations
425:
The task of compiling the coronation liturgy fell to the
259:, which required anyone holding public office to take an
632:, a text that had been first used at the coronation of
532:, while the less distinguished were seated high in the
263:
afirning their adherence to Protestantism. James, then
594:. The 15-minute procession included the choirs of the
144:. James and Mary were the last British monarchs to be
835:, was composed by Purcell. Sancroft chose texts from
660:
speculates that it may have been an early version of
159:. Accordingly, the service was reordered to omit the
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2452:
2429:
2404:
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2235:
2228:
2188:
2160:
2139:
2132:
2077:
2057:
2021:
1990:
1983:
1910:
1877:
1824:
1815:
227:. Charles II had a difficult relationship with the
68:
57:
42:
622:The king's entrance was accompanied by the anthem
1544:Samuel Pepys: Volume III, the Saviour of the Navy
802:in a lost setting by Turner. The procession from
1624:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 256–257.
318:, from where it was read by the clergy from the
187:Portrait of James when Duke of York in 1684, by
33:James and Mary enthroned; an illustration from
1610:Crowns & Coronations: A History of Regalia
1080:
1078:
1793:
231:over religious policy. Charles supported the
8:
1714:Henry Purcell, 1659-1695: His Life and Times
816:. For the homage, a new text was taken from
207:James's predecessor and elder brother, King
21:
1495:. In Kewes, Paulina; McRae, Andrew (eds.).
2232:
2136:
1987:
1821:
1800:
1786:
1778:
735:Master of the Children of the Chapel Royal
442:; James had married Mary, the daughter of
27:
20:
2091:Archbishops and Bishops Assistant of the
2216:Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother's Crown
1173:Starkey & Greening 2013, pp. 189-190
858:The regalia used at the 1685 coronation.
794:and the King's crowning was followed by
287:. However, the king's supporters in the
1752:"Music at the British Court, 1685-1715"
1002:
22:Coronation of James II and VII and Mary
918:, Sir Charles Dymock, to throw down a
725:The 1685 coronation is notable amogst
1523:. London: J. M. Dent & Sons Ltd.
806:to the throne was accompanied by the
211:, had come to the throne in the 1660
7:
1639:Smee, Harry; Macrory, Henry (2020).
618:Archbishop Sancroft crowns James II.
346:, and officers of state such as the
223:and the five year republic known as
2350:Queen Consort's Ivory Rod with Dove
839:with additional single verses from
766:Come, Holy Ghost, our souls inspire
459:, but also the records of the post-
2345:Queen Consort's Sceptre with Cross
1568:. Oxford: Shire Publications Ltd.
600:O Lord, grant the King a long life
14:
1119:. Dean and Chapter of Westminster
877:new state crown was made for Mary
574:and King Street (now one side of
255:. In 1673, parliament passed the
417:on the night of the coronation.
99:of England, Scotland and Ireland
2584:Coronations of British monarchs
1729:Abbott, Sarah (21 April 2023).
1645:. Oxford: Casemate Publishers.
378:. The book that they produced,
2330:Sovereign's Sceptre with Cross
1717:. New York: St Martin's Press.
1547:. Cambridge University Press.
590:, one of whom was the diarist
1:
2335:Sovereign's Sceptre with Dove
2098:Garter Principal King of Arms
2044:Chapel Royal, Stirling Castle
1433:Smee & Macrory 2020, p. 7
924:Garter Principal King of Arms
822:God spake sometime in visions
140:was held on 23 April 1685 at
2196:Mary of Modena's State Crown
2175:George IV's Coronation Crown
1731:"The coronation of James II"
826:Lord High Admiral of England
758:Let thy hand be strengthened
497:Surveyor of the King's Works
358:, and most importantly, the
356:Master of the Great Wardrobe
332:Scottish Succession Act 1681
275:of France, would rule as an
1613:. London: Chato and Windus.
1499:. Oxford University Press.
652:. As the Queen entered the
511:where the four arms of the
463:coronations beginning with
2615:
2258:Sword of Spiritual Justice
1663:; Greening, Katie (2013).
1193:"A spectacular coronation"
792:Behold, O God our defender
588:Barons of the Cinque Ports
444:Alfonso IV, Duke of Modena
161:Anglican Communion Service
16:1685 coronation in England
2253:Sword of Temporal Justice
1693:. London: HarperCollins.
1592:. London: Penguin Books.
1562:Gosling, Lucinda (2013).
1117:www.westminster-abbey.org
606:for the 1661 coronation.
26:
1943:Edward VII and Alexandra
1923:George III and Charlotte
1837:Henry VIII and Catherine
1750:Gibson, William (2021).
1618:Range, Matthias (2012).
1415:Strong 2005, pp. 345-347
1379:Strong 2005, pp. 295-296
1155:Strong 2005, pp. 318-325
780:, and at the anointing,
739:Francis Forcer the Elder
697:, who campared James to
465:that of James I and Anne
427:Archbishop of Canterbury
2206:Queen Alexandra's Crown
2087:Great Officers of State
2049:Church of the Holy Rude
1971:Charles III and Camilla
1961:George VI and Elizabeth
1933:William IV and Adelaide
1737:. The National Archives
1735:nationalarchives.gov.uk
1607:Jones, William (1883).
1217:Strong 2005, p. 328-329
873:Commonwealth of England
869:crown Jewels of England
689:. This was preached by
602:, probably composed by
413:on the Thames opposite
401:procession through the
376:Rouge Dragon Pursuivant
239:which inclined towards
86:Great Officers of State
46:23 April 1685
2201:Queen Adelaide's Crown
2170:George I's State Crown
1918:George II and Caroline
1709:Zimmerman, Franklin B.
1451:Zimmerman 1967, p. 128
1361:Zimmerman 1967, p. 127
1027:Harris 2007, pp. 41-42
1009:Harris 2007, pp. 24-26
896:
883:as "an immense summ".
859:
796:The King shall rejoice
764:and composed by Blow,
722:
619:
566:
488:
348:Lord Great Chamberlain
221:execution of Charles I
204:
192:
169:coronation in Scotland
2109:Mistress of the Robes
1832:William I and Matilda
1669:. London: BBC Books.
1352:Range 2012, pp. 84-85
1343:Range 2012, pp. 81-82
1334:Range 2012, pp. 79-81
1325:Range 2012, pp. 76-78
1271:Range 2012, pp. 74-75
1262:Range 2012, pp. 69-70
1235:Range 2012, pp. 67-68
894:
857:
720:
682:Veni Creator Spiritus
617:
564:
486:
392:Palace of Westminster
251:-minded and strongly
229:Parliament of England
215:, which followed the
198:
186:
76:King James II and VII
2340:Queen Consort's Ring
2236:Processional objects
2161:Specific crowns worn
2152:Imperial State Crown
2013:Gloucester Cathedral
2008:Winchester Cathedral
1764:10.4000/mefrim.11045
1666:Music & Monarchy
922:three times, as the
833:My heart is inditing
2589:James II of England
2114:Master of the Robes
1460:Strong 2005, p. 347
1442:Bryant 1938, p. 116
1424:Strong 2005, p. 349
1406:Gosling 2013, p. 35
1397:Strong 2005, p. 343
1370:Gosling 2013, p. 25
1289:Strong 2005, p. 338
1280:Strong 2005, p. 336
1226:Strong 2005, p. 313
1182:Ashley 1978, p. 159
1164:Strong 2005, p. 327
1146:Strong 2005, p. 311
1102:Strong 2005, p. 310
1093:Gosling 2013, p. 33
1084:Archer 2019, p. 281
1072:Strong 2005, p. 133
1063:Strong 2005, p. 315
1045:Ashley 1978, p. 158
1018:Ashley 1978, p. 183
966:Newcastle upon Tyne
941:allegorical figures
768:, a translation of
495:. Fortunately, the
352:Lord High Treasurer
165:Union of the Crowns
23:
2556:Coronation chicken
2211:Queen Mary's Crown
1469:Harris 2007, p. 48
1388:Jones 1883, p. 317
1054:Strong pp. 312-314
1036:Harris 2007, p. 44
931:After celebrations
897:
860:
786:, in a setting by
723:
650:Westminster School
620:
567:
489:
344:College of Heralds
324:Saint George's Day
217:English Civil Wars
213:Stuart Restoration
205:
193:
157:established church
2594:Westminster Abbey
2571:
2570:
2562:Coronation quiche
2425:
2424:
2371:Colobium sindonis
2282:Anointing objects
2273:St Edward's Staff
2268:Sword of Offering
2224:
2223:
2147:St Edward's Crown
2093:Church of England
2073:
2072:
2065:Westminster Abbey
1998:Westminster Abbey
1979:
1978:
1948:George V and Mary
1869:James II and Mary
1700:978-0-00-716054-9
1631:978-1-107-02344-4
1575:978-0-74781-220-3
1565:Royal Coronations
1554:978-1-107-62626-3
1316:Range 2012, p. 89
1307:Range 2012, p. 85
1298:Range 2012, p. 81
1253:Range 2012, p. 39
1244:Range 2012, p. 68
1197:www.parliament.uk
1137:Range 2012, p. 66
881:Duke of Albemarle
804:St Edward's Chair
749:was the composer
707:Sceptre with Dove
662:God save the King
576:Parliament Square
281:conspiracy theory
237:Church of England
153:Church of England
142:Westminster Abbey
106:
105:
92:Church of England
64:, London, England
62:Westminster Abbey
2606:
2412:Coronation Chair
2391:Coronation glove
2325:Sovereign's Ring
2294:Coronation Spoon
2243:Ceremonial maces
2233:
2140:Principal crowns
2137:
1988:
1864:James I and Anne
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783:Zadok the Priest
505:Westminster Hall
501:Christopher Wren
431:William Sancroft
415:Whitehall Palace
411:firework display
368:Lancaster Herald
364:Francis Sandford
304:as a safeguard.
269:Exclusion Crisis
225:The Protectorate
114:James II and VII
53:
51:
35:Francis Sandford
31:
24:
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2421:
2400:
2354:
2320:Sovereign's Orb
2298:
2277:
2220:
2184:
2162:
2156:
2128:
2124:King's Champion
2119:Court of Claims
2069:
2053:
2017:
1975:
1906:
1873:
1811:
1806:
1768:
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1685:Strong, Sir Roy
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1199:. UK Parliament
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933:
916:King's Champion
889:
865:
715:
703:coronation ring
677:coronation oath
675:to precede the
612:
572:New Palace Yard
559:
549:was installed.
493:Office of Works
481:
473:Jocelyn Perkins
423:
388:Court of Claims
340:
291:, known as the
201:Godfrey Kneller
189:Godfrey Kneller
181:
116:, and his wife
102:
90:Bishops of the
49:
47:
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17:
12:
11:
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2599:Mary of Modena
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2180:Diamond Diadem
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2034:Holyrood Abbey
2031:
2025:
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2019:
2018:
2016:
2015:
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1994:
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1676:978-1849905862
1675:
1661:Starkey, David
1657:
1652:978-1612008448
1651:
1636:
1630:
1615:
1604:
1599:978-0141016528
1598:
1580:
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1553:
1539:Bryant, Arthur
1535:
1530:978-0460120210
1529:
1511:
1506:978-0198778172
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1000:
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995:
953:London Gazette
937:Martin Beckman
932:
929:
888:
885:
864:
861:
812:in a chant by
778:William Turner
774:Anglican chant
714:
711:
691:Francis Turner
685:to before the
666:Thomas Ashwell
658:Matthias Range
611:
608:
558:
555:
547:triumphal arch
480:
479:Infrastructure
477:
448:proxy marriage
422:
419:
403:City of London
370:, assisted by
339:
336:
328:Stuart dynasty
315:London Gazette
289:House of Lords
180:
177:
167:not to have a
148:, despite the
118:Mary of Modena
104:
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2438:Liber Regalis
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2396:Imperial Robe
2394:
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2379:
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2367:
2366:Robe of State
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2011:
2009:
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1489:Archer, Ian W
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909:
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902:
901:cloth of gold
893:
886:
884:
882:
878:
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862:
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852:
850:
846:
845:Book of Isiah
842:
838:
834:
829:
827:
823:
819:
815:
814:William Child
811:
810:
805:
801:
797:
793:
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771:
767:
763:
759:
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751:Henry Purcell
748:
744:
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712:
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695:Bishop of Ely
692:
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669:
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659:
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651:
647:
643:
639:
638:Henry Purcell
635:
631:
627:
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609:
607:
605:
604:William Child
601:
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485:
478:
476:
474:
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462:
458:
457:
456:Liber Regalis
451:
449:
445:
441:
440:queen consort
436:
432:
428:
420:
418:
416:
412:
408:
407:royal charter
404:
400:
395:
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389:
385:
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369:
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317:
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310:privy council
305:
303:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
257:Test Act 1673
254:
253:anti-Catholic
250:
246:
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197:
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98:
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63:
60:
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45:
41:
36:
30:
25:
19:
2535:Elizabeth II
2523:Police Medal
2511:Police Medal
2436:
2105:of the Realm
2079:Participants
1966:Elizabeth II
1955:
1868:
1767:. Retrieved
1755:
1739:. Retrieved
1734:
1713:
1689:
1665:
1641:
1620:
1609:
1588:
1564:
1543:
1519:
1496:
1465:
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1393:
1384:
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1366:
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1348:
1339:
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1312:
1303:
1294:
1285:
1276:
1267:
1258:
1249:
1240:
1231:
1222:
1213:
1201:. Retrieved
1196:
1187:
1178:
1169:
1160:
1151:
1142:
1133:
1121:. Retrieved
1116:
1107:
1098:
1089:
1068:
1059:
1050:
1041:
1032:
1023:
1014:
1005:
951:
949:
934:
905:
898:
866:
832:
830:
821:
807:
795:
791:
781:
770:Veni Creator
769:
765:
757:
755:
727:early modern
724:
680:
670:
623:
621:
599:
596:Chapel Royal
592:Samuel Pepys
584:Horse Guards
568:
551:
517:
490:
454:
452:
424:
396:
379:
372:Gregory King
360:Earl Marshal
341:
313:
306:
302:Putney Heath
265:Duke of York
235:wing of the
206:
107:
69:Participants
18:
2540:Charles III
2381:Stole Royal
2376:Supertunica
2163:by monarchs
2039:Kelso Abbey
2029:Scone Abbey
1956:(abandoned)
1953:Edward VIII
1859:Elizabeth I
1584:Harris, Tim
788:Henry Lawes
776:setting by
760:, based on
743:boy trebles
679:and moving
628:, based on
530:Irish peers
461:Reformation
399:royal entry
338:Preparation
285:Popish Plot
283:called the
233:High Church
173:royal entry
37:'s account.
2578:Categories
2506:Edward VII
2386:Robe Royal
2003:Bath Abbey
1902:Charles II
1113:"James II"
997:References
990:Lyme Regis
986:Shrewsbury
974:Nottingham
962:Manchester
668:survives.
625:I was glad
557:Procession
384:engravings
249:Protestant
209:Charles II
179:Background
155:being the
150:Protestant
110:coronation
81:Queen Mary
50:1685-04-23
2530:George VI
2303:Ornaments
1984:Locations
1928:George IV
1849:Edward VI
1758:(133–2).
849:major key
841:Psalm 147
731:John Blow
699:Charles I
642:John Blow
634:Charles I
630:Psalm 122
534:triforium
513:cruciform
450:in 1673.
435:Eucharist
297:prorogued
273:Louis XIV
146:Catholics
2518:George V
2359:Garments
2022:Scottish
1938:Victoria
1890:James VI
1878:Scottish
1817:Monarchs
1769:10 March
1741:10 March
1723:Articles
1711:(1967).
1687:(2005).
1586:(2007).
1541:(1938).
1520:James II
1517:(1978).
1491:(2019).
1203:10 March
1123:10 March
920:gauntlet
843:and the
837:Psalm 45
818:Psalm 89
800:Psalm 21
762:Psalm 89
705:and the
526:Scottish
518:pulpitum
509:crossing
499:was Sir
469:Anglican
277:autocrat
247:), were
241:Catholic
134:Scotland
58:Location
2453:Honours
2430:Rituals
2315:Armills
2289:Ampulla
2058:British
1991:English
1911:British
1825:English
1477:Sources
982:Saltash
978:Prescot
970:Norwich
958:Bristol
945:Neptune
912:puffins
910:, cold
887:Banquet
863:Regalia
809:Te Deum
610:Service
522:chancel
446:, in a
421:Liturgy
138:Ireland
130:England
48: (
2564:(2023)
2558:(1953)
2549:Dishes
2499:Medals
2133:Crowns
1885:Mary I
1854:Mary I
1697:
1673:
1649:
1628:
1596:
1572:
1551:
1527:
1503:
908:udders
772:in an
747:basses
733:, the
693:, the
687:sermon
673:litany
646:Vivats
536:. The
374:, the
366:, the
354:, the
350:, the
320:pulpit
293:Tories
219:, the
2405:Seats
2310:Spurs
2229:Items
2103:Peers
1482:Books
798:from
713:Music
654:choir
245:Whigs
126:Queen
120:, as
97:Peers
2490:1953
2485:1937
2480:1911
2475:1902
2470:1838
2465:1831
2460:1821
1895:Anne
1842:Anne
1771:2024
1743:2024
1695:ISBN
1671:ISBN
1647:ISBN
1626:ISBN
1594:ISBN
1570:ISBN
1549:ISBN
1525:ISBN
1501:ISBN
1205:2024
1125:2024
984:and
950:The
867:The
582:and
580:Foot
543:dais
538:nave
528:and
261:oath
136:and
124:and
122:King
108:The
43:Date
1760:doi
820:, '
128:of
112:of
2580::
1754:.
1733:.
1195:.
1115:.
1077:^
980:,
976:,
972:,
968:,
964:,
960:,
828:.
429:,
132:,
1801:e
1794:t
1787:v
1773:.
1762::
1745:.
1703:.
1679:.
1655:.
1634:.
1602:.
1578:.
1557:.
1533:.
1509:.
1207:.
1127:.
203:.
191:.
52:)
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