207:
312:, intervention, or even malicious intent. It can include tangible devastation, such as the destruction of lives or assets, or intangible devastation, such as the loss of an organization's credibility or other reputational damage. The latter outcomes may be the result of management's response to tangible devastation or the result of human error. A crisis usually has significant actual or potential financial impact on a company, and it usually affects multiple constituencies in more than one market.
403:
concerns about their activities that are frequently magnified by special interest groups and NGOs. The role of the PR specialist therefore also consists of issues management, namely the "set of organizational procedures, routines, personnel, and issues". A strategic issue is one that compels a company to deal with it because there is "a conflict between two or more identifiable groups over procedural or substantive matters relating to the distribution of positions or resources".
914:
394:
management and media relations. When executing these types of activities, the PR Specialist must incorporate broader corporate messages to convey the company's strategic positioning. This ensures the PR activities ultimately convey messages that distinguish the company vis-à-vis its competitors and the overall marketplace, while also communicating the company's value to target audiences.
963:
402:
A key role of the PR specialist is to make the company better known for traits and attributes that build the company's perceived distinctiveness and competitiveness with the public. In recent years, PR specialists have become increasingly involved in helping companies manage strategic issues – public
288:
are overall assessments of organizations by their stakeholders. They are aggregate perceptions by stakeholders of an organization's ability to fulfill their expectations, whether these stakeholders are interested in buying the company's products, working for the company, or investing in the company's
270:
Corporate responsibility (CR) constitutes an organization's respect for society's interests, demonstrated by taking ownership of the effects its activities have on key constituencies including customers, employees, shareholders, communities, and the environment, in all parts of their operations. In
364:
The investor relations (IR) function is used by companies which publicly trade shares on a stock exchange. In such companies, the purpose of the IR specialist is to interface with current and potential financial stakeholders-namely retail investors, institutional investors, and financial analysts.
327:
As the extent of communication grows, many companies create an employee relations (ER) function with dedicated staff to manage the numerous media through which senior managers can communicate among themselves and with the rest of the organization. Internal communication in the 21st century is more
393:
The role of the public relations specialist, in many ways, is to communicate with the general public in ways that serve the interests of the company. PR therefore consists of numerous specialty areas that convey information about the company to the public, including sponsorships, events, issues
303:
Crisis communication is sometimes considered a sub-specialty of the public relations profession that is designed to protect and defend an individual, company, or organization facing a public challenge to its reputation. These challenges may come in the form of an investigation from a government
221:
Organizational identity comprises those characteristics of an organization that its members believe are central, distinctive and enduring. That is, organizational identity consists of those attributes that members feel are fundamental to (central) and uniquely descriptive of (distinctive) the
179:
A corporate brand is the perception of a company that unites a group of products or services for the public under a single name, a shared visual identity, and a common set of symbols. The process of corporate branding involves creating favourable associations and positive reputation with both
304:
agency, a criminal allegation, a media inquiry, a shareholders lawsuit, a violation of environmental regulations, or any of a number of other scenarios involving the legal, ethical, or financial standing of the entity. The crisis for organizations can be defined as follows:
45:
on which the company depends. It is the messages issued by a corporate organization, body or institute to its audiences, such as employees, media, channel partners and the general public. Organizations aim to communicate the same message to all its stakeholders, to transmit
411:
To build better relationships with the media, organizations must cultivate positive relations with influential members of the media. This task might be handled by employees within the company's media relations department or handled by a public relations firm.
180:
internal and external stakeholders. The purpose of a corporate branding initiative is to generate a positive halo over the products and businesses of the company, imparting more favourable impressions of those products and businesses.
233:
Projected identity: The self-presentations of the organization's attributes manifested in the implicit and explicit signals which the organization broadcasts to internal and external target audiences through communication and
156:, employee communication, corporate advertising, and community relations. The public is often represented by self-appointed activist non-governmental organizations (NGOs) which identify themselves with a particular issue.
92:
Management communication takes place between management and its internal and external audiences. To support management communication, organizations rely heavily on specialists in marketing communication and organizational
159:
Most companies have specialized groups of professionals for communicating with different audiences, such as internal communication, marketing communication, investor relations, government relations and public relations.
65:, combine its many visions and values into a cohesive message to stakeholders. The concept of corporate communication could be seen as an integrative communication structure linking stakeholders to the organisation.
218:
Corporate identity is the reality and uniqueness of an organization, which is integrally related to its external and internal image and reputation through corporate communication
673:
240:
Applied identity: The signals that an organization broadcasts both consciously and unconsciously through behaviors and initiatives at all levels within the organization.
230:
Perceived identity: The collection of attributes that are seen as typical for the continuity, centrality and uniqueness of the organization in the eyes of its members.
206:
152:
A Conference Board Study of hundreds of the US's largest firms showed that close to 80 percent have corporate communication functions that include media relations,
237:
Desired identity (also called "ideal" identity): The idealized picture that top managers hold of what the organization could evolve into under their leadership.
616:
Krone, K., Jablin, F.M., and Putnam, L.L. (1987) "Communication theory and organizational communication: multiple perspectives", in F.M. Jablin et al (eds),
267:
are some of the terms bandied about the news media and corporate marketing efforts as companies jockey to win the trust and loyalty of constituents.
76:
Three principal clusters of task-planning and communication form the backbone of business and the activity of business organizations. These include
99:
gets the bulk of the budgets in most organizations, and consists of product advertising, direct mail, personal selling, and sponsorship activities.
666:
988:
420:
These "public faces" are considered authorities in their respective sector/field and ensure the company/organization is in the limelight.
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on values that drive organizational excellence. ER specialists are generally expected to fulfill one or more of the following four roles:
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1. It enables people to exchange necessary information and 2. It helps to set members of the organisation apart from non-members.
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In more general terms, research suggests that corporate branding is an appropriate strategy for companies to implement when:
191:" between a company and its clients; customers are much less informed about a company's products than the company itself is
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Brown, T.J. and Dacin, P.A. (1997) "The company and the product: corporate associations and consumer product responses",
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features of the company behind the brand would be relevant to the product or service a customer is considering purchasing
789:
271:
short, CR prompts a corporation to look beyond its traditional bottom line, to the social implications of its business.
102:
85:
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Connectivity: Internal communication is used mainly to clarify the connectivity of the company's people and activities.
894:
884:
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Shared meaning: Internal communication is used to build a shared understanding among employees about corporate goals.
953:
809:
940:
548:
Pratt, M.G. and
Foreman, P.O. (2000) "Classifiying managerial responses to multiple organizational identities",
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Nayyar, P.R. (1990) "Information asymmetries: a source of competitive advantage for diversified service firms",
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42:
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Efficiency: Internal communication is used primarily to disseminate information about corporate activities.
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Dutton, J. and
Ottensmeyer, E. (1987) "Strategic issue management systems: forums, function and context",
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452:; Fombrun, Charles J. (2007). Essentials Of Corporate Communication: Abingdon & New York: Routledge.
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Balmer, J.M.T. and Wilson, A. (1998) "Corporate
Identity: there is more to it than meets the eye",
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Corporate
Identity: Past, Present and Future, International Centre for Corporate Identity Studies
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customers perceive a high degree of risk in purchasing the products or services of the company
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to formulate and execute effective procedures to make decisions on communication matters
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than the memos, publications, and broadcasts that comprise it; it's about building a
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to minimize discrepancies between the company's desired identity and brand features
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A crisis is a major catastrophe that may occur either naturally or as a result of
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and external communications aimed at creating a favourable point of view among
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organization and that persist within the organization over time (enduring)".
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Corporate offices with multiple communications to try to motivate employees.
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Managing content of corporate websites and/or other external touch points
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contribute to building and maintaining the company's image and reputation
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The role of investor relations is to fulfill three principal functions:
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37:) is a set of activities involved in managing and orchestrating all
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Participation in
American Politics: the Dynamics of Agenda Building
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to mobilize internal and external support for corporate objectives
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483:"Managing Corporate Communications in a Competitive Climate,"
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Create a favorable relationship with key financial audiences
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to promote the profile of the "company behind the brand" (
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Corporate communication helps organizations explain their
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Managing corporate publications – for the external world
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Satisfaction: Internal communication is used to improve
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Public relations: issues management and media relations
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International
Studies of Management & Organization
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584:
470:
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The responsibilities of corporate communication are:
620:, pp. 18-69, Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
537:Managing Corporate Image and Corporate Reputation
27:Internal and external messages of an organization
255:Corporate responsibility (often referred to as
148:to coordinate with international business firms
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226:Four types of identity can be distinguished:
8:
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618:Handbook of Organizational Communication
607:, Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
605:Realizing Value from the Corporate Image
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214:There are two approaches for identity:
535:Gray, E.R. and Balmer, J.M.T. (1998)
202:Corporate and organizational identity
7:
445:
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509:Aaker, D.A. and Myers, J.G. (1991)
642:Cobb, B.W. and Elder, C.D. (1972)
139:to delegate tasks in communication
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113:, environmental communications,
603:Charles, F. (1996) Reputation:
317:Internal/employee communication
257:corporate social responsibility
251:Corporate social responsibility
594:, New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
565:, Working paper series 1997/4.
539:, London: Long Range Planning.
416:Company/spokesperson profiling
1:
631:Academy of Management Review
550:Academy of Management Review
498:Strategic Management Journal
103:Organizational communication
86:organizational communication
989:Interpersonal communication
263:, sustainability, and even
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984:Communications management
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471:"Marketing Communication"
931:Aspects of organizations
487:, by Kathryn Troy, 1996.
485:a Conference Board Study
245:Corporate responsibility
78:management communication
825:Social entrepreneurship
592:Corporate Communication
372:comply with regulations
349:throughout the company.
97:Marketing communication
82:marketing communication
31:Corporate communication
926:Aspects of occupations
561:Balmer, J.M.T. (1997)
511:Advertising Management
323:Internal communication
211:
187:there is significant "
119:employee communication
936:Aspects of workplaces
835:Social responsibility
590:Argenti, P.A. (2009)
281:Reputation management
261:corporate citizenship
209:
189:information asymmetry
115:corporate advertising
524:Journal of Marketing
430:Managing print media
299:Crisis communication
293:Crisis communication
275:Corporate reputation
265:conscious capitalism
18:Corporate publishing
450:Riel, Cees B.M. van
72:Methods and tactics
917:See also templates
360:Investor relations
354:Investor relations
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175:Corporate branding
169:Corporate branding
131:corporate branding
111:investor relations
109:, public affairs,
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552:, 25 (1): 18-42).
398:Issues management
330:corporate culture
16:(Redirected from
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750:Machiavellianism
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389:Public relations
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790:Psychopathy
765:Opportunity
760:Nationalism
705:Citizenship
682:Aspects of
310:human error
286:Reputations
52:credibility
978:Categories
805:Resolution
785:Propaganda
755:Narcissism
740:Interlocks
435:References
164:Components
968:Companies
745:Liability
720:Despotism
48:coherence
865:Taxonomy
840:Sourcing
820:Services
815:Security
810:Scandals
800:Recovery
780:Promoter
735:Identity
289:shares.
234:symbols.
39:internal
875:Trainer
855:Synergy
845:Statism
63:mission
954:Portal
885:Travel
770:Pathos
730:Ethics
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117:, and
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56:ethics
900:Video
890:Trust
870:Title
775:Power
715:Crime
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895:Veil
795:Raid
454:ISBN
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860:Tax
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