117:
90:
203:
Minera
Huanuni. The high price of tin has increased interest in exploitation within the mine. Today, there are around 4,500 workers at Huanuni, including 2,000 on the surface. In 2006, competition over the riches veins almost led to a fight between cooperative miners and those employed by the state. In the end, the government opted to hired the cooperative workers as employees, increasing COMIBOL's payroll.
17:
85:
The history of COMIBOL is intimately linked to
Bolivia's development process. Its foundations were the transfer to the state of 163 mines owned across 13 companies by the state's mining barons, Patiño, Hochschild, and Aramayo, which had a labor force of 29,000 people and a total production of 27,000
97:
During the
Bolivian National Revolution, from 1952 to 1964, COMIBOL suffered from declining mineral content, a lack of reserves, a lack of administrative capacity, and an excess of workers. At the same time, the government used COMIBOL to generate cheap foreign currency and financial resources. For
202:
A large part of the technology used in
Huanuni is from the 1970s. Owing to the richness of its minerals, it is more mechanized than other mines in Bolivia. The government is constructing a new refinery in Dolores, near Huanuni, that should improve the efficiency and profitability of the Empresa
43:, it became the country's largest and most important public company. After a period of inactivity following the 1985 Bolivian economic crisis, COMIBOL was revived in 2006 and today holds an important, if diminished, place in the country's economy.
74:. The businesses of the three nationalized mining groups were initially reorganized into 16 mining companies exploiting tin, lead, silver, zinc, tungsten, copper, and gold, with COMIBOL overseeing the administration of these operations.
128:, the value of exports from small and mid-sized mining, as a percentage of the total value of exports, overtook that of COMIBOL. It became effectively paralyzed between 1986 and 2005, with its activities extremely limited.
77:
COMIBOL was the principal
Bolivian public company for many decades after its creation, being the country's main source of foreign currency and its biggest employer. It played an important role in the capitalization of
260:
172:
In 2017, the
Gerencia Nacional Recursos Evaporíticos was moved from under COMIBOL and the Ministry of Mining, coming under the purview of the Empresa Pública Nacional Estratégica de
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82:
from the 1950s to '70s. As of
November 2014, COMIBOL was the country's third-largest public company based on revenue, after YPFB and the Empresa Metalúrgica de Vinto.
458:
268:
463:
365:
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The relative importance of COMIBOL's export values was in permanent decline. Since
Bolivia's 1985 economic crisis and the institution of
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431:
409:
71:
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99:
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In 2006, the company was reactivated and resumed its productive capacity, though at a lower level than before 1985.
468:
55:
67:
63:
93:
The proportional export values of COMIBOL (in yellow), small mining (in red), and mid-sized mining (in blue).
196:
125:
373:
395:
366:"Archivo Histórico COMIBOL en Catavi presenta 3 publicaciones en la Feria del Libro en Llallagua"
345:
287:
59:
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was the only COMIBOL mine that did not close in 1985, after the tin market crisis and
452:
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199:. It was exploited as a joint venture until 2006, when it was retaken by COMIBOL.
324:
308:
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in this period, COMIBOL transferred more than 100 million dollars to YPFB.
16:
109:
and 10 million to YPFB. It's estimated that during the government of the
33:
227:"Corporación Minera de Bolivia COMIBOL Desempeño y Desafíos Actuales"
51:
COMIBOL was created by
Supreme Declaration 3196 on October 2, 1952.
310:
La economía boliviana, 1952-1965: la revolución y sus consecuencias
115:
88:
15:
98:
example, in 1956, COMIBOL contributed 30 million dollars to the
79:
36:
n state company that oversees the nation's mining operations.
342:
Rebellion in the veins: political struggle in
Bolivia, 1952-82
284:
Rebellion in the veins: political struggle in Bolivia, 1952-82
313:(in Spanish). Editorial "Los Amigos del Libro". p. 119.
326:
Desempeno y colapso de la mineria nacionalizada en Bolivia
246:
Desempeno y colapso de la mineria nacionalizada en Bolivia
261:"Coy 258 - Empresas públicas, ingresos y gastos sin YPFB"
54:It was founded ahead of the nationalization of the
28:(Mining Corporation of Bolivia), also known as
8:
267:(in Spanish). November 2014. Archived from
183:, which depends on the Ministry of Energy.
20:An emblem at the COMIBOL building in La Paz
66:mines on October 31 by the government of
249:(in Spanish). CEMYD. 1990. p. 111.
211:
134:The COMIBOL archives are housed at the
459:Government-owned companies of Bolivia
329:(in Spanish). CEMYD. 1990. p. 9.
7:
221:
219:
217:
215:
159:Empresa Metalúrgica de Karachipampa
168:Dirección de Medio Ambiente - DIMA
111:Revolutionary Nationalist Movement
14:
344:. London: Verso. pp. 62–63.
191:Due to its high mineral content,
307:Zondag, Cornelius Henry (1968).
100:Corporación Boliviana de Fomento
174:Yacimientos de Litio Bolivianos
120:A mural at the COMIBOL archives
464:1952 establishments in Bolivia
1:
286:. London: Verso. p. 58.
26:Corporación Minera de Bolivia
416:(in Spanish). Archived from
394:(in Spanish). Archived from
372:(in Spanish). Archived from
72:Bolivian National Revolution
41:Bolivian National Revolution
485:
340:Dunkerley, James (1984).
282:Dunkerley, James (1984).
162:Empresa Boliviana del Oro
156:Empresa Metalúrgica Vinto
39:In the decades after the
410:"BREVE RESEÑA HISTÓRICA"
70:, in the context of the
165:Empresa Minera San Jose
153:Empresa Minera Corocoro
150:Empresa Minera Colquiri
147:Empresa Minera Huanuni
121:
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21:
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68:Víctor Paz Estenssoro
19:
197:Supreme Decree 21060
126:Supreme Decree 21060
86:metric tons of tin.
233:(in Spanish). 2018.
436:Andean Extractives
432:"Huanuni tin mine"
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469:Mining in Bolivia
351:978-0-86091-089-3
293:978-0-86091-089-3
265:Fundación Milenio
231:Fundación Jubileo
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388:"Datos empresas"
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442:on 2015-01-10.
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440:the original
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177: [
136:Catavi mine
103: [
453:Categories
207:References
60:Hochschild
142:Companies
392:COMIBOL
370:COMIBOL
193:Huanuni
187:Huanuni
64:Aramayo
47:History
34:Bolivia
30:COMIBOL
348:
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62:, and
56:Patiño
181:]
107:]
346:ISBN
288:ISBN
80:YPFB
24:The
414:YLB
455::
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214:^
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