1410:. This was the first time fixed coastal artillery had fired at an enemy since the close of the Civil War. Although the fire was considered accurate and effective, Col. Bunker decided to replace Capt. King and he was sent to perform the duties of fort XO and to command HQ Battery on Ft. Drum. He was replaced at Battery Geary by Capt. Thomas W. Davis. Later, this battery was pinpointed by the Japanese artillery and was subjected to heavy shelling. One direct hit by a 240-mm shell, which detonated the magazines of this battery on May 2, 1942, proved to be the most crippling shot during the entire siege of Corregidor. This explosion tossed the fifty ton barrel of the mortar around, one to a distance of 150 yards (140 m), another was blown through three feet of reinforced concrete wall into the adjoining powder magazine of Battery Crockett. Large chunks of steel were blown as far as the Malinta Tunnel, killing 27 of the battery crew instantly. Also, one mortar still had a live round in its breech, and it was in the process of firing the shell when the magazine was hit. That live anti-personnel round still lies within the breach of the mortar.
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1370:, both of which were hidden in the sides of the island's bluffs. One gun was commanded by 2LT Robert L. Obourn, who claimed that, towards the end of the battle, "You could see the shells wobble towards the ships. Our guns were reduced to nothing more than muskets." Obourn's gun was struck and destroyed on April 28, 1942, killing 2 of his gunners. The remaining crew of Battery Monja continued to fight against the Japanese as guerrillas until July 18, 1942. Only 6 men, including Lt. Obourn, survived their capture. The 5 enlisted men that were serving as gunners for the battery attempted to escape from their temporary prison camp two days after capture; they all were killed during their attempted escape.
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Lieutenant
Augusto Miranda, were urged to come to terms with the Americans, and so they did. Therefore, Miranda remained on the island with only 100 soldiers under the Spanish flag; Garces and officers under his command, as well as 292 men with their weapons and ammunition, were transferred to Mariveles port. From there they moved through the provinces of Bataan and Pampanga until they reached Manila on May 5. There they joined the Spanish navy battalion which was already quartered in Sampaloc.
1649:. This is also when it began to evolve into how it is known today, when students and alumni also honor fellow Aggies who have died. Dr. John Ashton of A&M's class of 1906 also wrote a poem in 1943 at McQuillen's request. Entitled "The Heroes' Roll Call", also known as the "Roll Call for the Absent" (which is also the name of a current Aggie Muster traditional segment), it also commemorates the 1942 Muster and is designed so that the number of years since 1942 can be inserted.
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monument descends to the left in three tall “steps,” each with plaques mounted on top. The center plaque names the 88 Aggies who defended
Corregidor and Bataan, the right plaque names the 1942 Muster participants, and the left plaque names the 1946 Muster participants. The American and Philippine flags fly over the monument along with the Texas A&M flag.
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614:(literally, Island of the Corrector) due to the Spanish customs system, wherein all ships entering Manila Bay were required to stop and have their documents checked and "corrected". Another version claims that the island was used as a penitentiary or correctional institution by the Spanish government, and thus came to be called
389:. The island was heavily bombarded during the later part of the war, and the ruins serve as a military memorial to American, Filipino, and Japanese soldiers who served and lost their lives on the battlefield. Corregidor is both a major historical site and one of the busiest tourist attractions in the Philippines.
440:-shaped island, with its tail running eastward, is about 6.5 km (4.0 mi) long, about 2.0 km (1.2 mi) wide at its widest with a total land area of about 900 hectares (2,200 acres). The highest elevation is at 180 m (590 ft) on the Topside. The island is divided into four sections:
456:, a branch of the Philippine Trust Co. bank, the Cine Corregidor movie theater, officers' quarters, underground ordnance shops, the parade ground, an Officers' Club with a 9-hole Golf Course, tennis courts, and swimming pool, and the bulk of the artillery batteries that constituted the strength of Corregidor.
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Affixed to the largest of the monument’s four ceramic-tiled panels in maroon, the school's color, is a large bronze Aggie Muster symbol with a crossed rifle and sword over a lit torch and partially obscured “A&M” letters. A bronze plaque below describes the famous 1942 and 1946 Aggie
Musters. The
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Efforts by the university to memorialize student and alumni participation during World War II in the
Philippines began in 2011 when The Association of Former Students asked Elton Abbott, assistant dean for International Programs and Initiatives for the College of Architecture, to enlist the college's
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correspondent about the gathering, and the reporter sent an article back to the United States about the 25 Aggies who had "Mustered". Although the Aggies on
Corregidor did not physically gather for Muster, stories were widely published celebrating their heroic assembly in the Malinta Tunnel including
1391:, capable of a 360-degree traverse, could fire on land targets at Bataan. They brought the most destruction on Japanese positions during the attempted landings on the southwest coast of Bataan late in January to the middle of February 1942. These mortars were silenced by enemy shelling in May 1942.
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from Sulu, eventually refused to take orders from their officers - variously explained as due to the non-payment of their salaries or the discovery of the specifics of their final mission, which they found morally unacceptable. The officers then allegedly shot all of the men to death, with only one
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Once the Cavite shipyard was subdued by means of a stipulated pact, two
American ships went ashore at Corregidor Island on May 3 forcing the Spaniards on the island to surrender. Colonel Garces, chief of the coast batteries at the entrance of Manila Bay, and the island's governor, First Class Naval
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In April 1945, eight weeks after
Corregidor was recaptured, three Aggies "Mustered on the Rock" and wrote letters to McQuillen detailing the events. On April 21, 1946 – the first such day after the war – 128 Aggies gathered on the island for Muster and to remember their fallen comrades. They posed
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Jibin Arula was rescued by fishermen near
Caraballo Island when he attempted to swim to escape, and his account eventually became the subject of numerous trials and hearings. Despite this, the officers implicated in the massacre were never convicted which served as a clear indication to the Muslim
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There were 65 miles (105 km) of paved roads and trails on the island and 19.5 miles (31.4 km) of electric railroad track. The latter were used largely to haul heavy equipment and ammunition from
Bottomside to the different Batteries. The Corregidor High School was where children of both
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that interrupts the upward slope from
Bottomside to Topside, and was the location of 2-story officers' quarters, barracks for the enlisted men, a hospital, quarters for non-commissioned officers, a service club, PX, and two schoolhouses—one for the children of Filipino soldiers and the other for
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After the war, many people, most of them veterans, visited the island because of its history. Today, Corregidor is a historic monument as well as a tourist destination. Many travel companies offer day tours on the island featuring military installations used during World War II. Most of the
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On May 4, the American ships opened fire against the 100 men who, according to the pact, had been left on Corregidor and demanded the garrison forces be reduced to 25 men. The Spanish governor consulted Manila authorities, and they ordered the evacuation of the island. The troops were sent to
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on Topside is one of the oldest landmarks in Corregidor, first lit in 1853. In 1897, the defective lighting apparatus was changed, extending the range to 33 miles (53 km). The grounds and keeper's dwellings were further improved during the American occupation. During World War II, the
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and his 65-vessel fleet with 3,000 men anchored between Corregidor and Mariveles. From that site, he launched two successive attacks against Manila, commanded either by Limahong himself or by the Japanese pirate Sioco. Both attacks failed due to a fierce battle defense led by the governor,
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During the siege, the island had ample armor-piercing ammunition but very little of the anti-personnel type, which then was of greatest demand for use against land targets on Bataan. In fact, most of the anti-personnel shells were only for the 12-inch mortars of Batteries Way and Geary.
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for a photograph at the mouth of the Malinta Tunnel with an improvised A&M flag made from a bed sheet, and the photograph became famous. MacArthur also wrote a message to Texas A&M that day praising the bravery of Aggies who had given their lives on Corregidor and elswehere.
1403:. Defiladed in a hollow on Corregidor's Southern coast it was fairly well protected from Japanese shelling. On January 6, 1942, while under the command of Capt. Ben Ewing King, a Japanese bomb landed in a makeshift temporary bunker killing 31 of Battery Geary's NCOs and canoneers.
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The defense of Corregidor was the immediate responsibility of the Philippine Coast Artillery Command, commanded by Major General George F. Moore at the start of World War II. Stationed on the island after the return to the regimental system in 1924 were the following regular units:
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through which light falls on the altar during daylight hours. Light lands directly on the altar on May 5 at exactly 12 noon, in commemoration of the surrender of the troops stationed there and the courage they exhibited over 72 days of bombing. Located behind the Memorial is the
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In response to these events, and also to prevent sudden attack by Muslims from Mindanao, a watch vessel was posted at Corregidor to control the entrance to the bay. According to data from 1637, this vessel had a crew of twenty men, who were paid 540 pesos a year for this task.
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Filipino and American servicemen assigned on the island studied. The island also had an electric trolley system as public transport, a movie house (Cine Corregidor), a baseball field and a swimming pool. The business and social center of this community was found on Topside.
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which was repelled by the Spanish garrison under the command of Andre Lopez de Azalduigui. The Dutch would remain on the island for seven more months, however, as it served them well as an operations base from which to intercept Chinese merchant traffic in the vicinity of
1180:(USAFFE) and gave way to the invading Japanese forces in Luzon in the northern Philippines. They were forced to surrender due to the lack of food and ammunition, leaving Corregidor and its adjacent islets at Manila Bay as the only areas in the region under U.S. control.
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would provide aid. The fortifications on Corregidor were designed solely to withstand seaborne attack. Though American military planners realized that airplanes would render Fort Mills obsolete, the United States was restricted from improving the fortifications by the
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was assigned to Corregidor and started on the construction of concrete emplacements, bomb-proof shelters, and trails at various parts of the island. This pioneer engineer company left Fort Mills on March 15, 1912. All or part of 35 different numbered
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depicting heroic battles fought by Filipinos from the 15th century up to the present day. It was designed by Francisco Mañosa, while the murals and a statue of a Filipino guerrilla were sculpted by Manuel Casas. The complex was inaugurated by
1226:. American and Filipino soldiers on Corregidor and the neighboring islets held out against the Japanese to deny the use of Manila Bay, but the Imperial Japanese Army brought heavy artillery to the southern end of Bataan, and proceeded north to
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At a distance about one mile off El Fraile, Dewey's fleet changed course to the northeast, steaming towards Manila. When they were discovered, the Spaniards fired from El Fraile's artillery. An American response followed immediately, first by
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of Batteries Hearn and Smith, with a horizontal range of 29,000 yards (27,000 m). Although capable of an all around traverse, these guns, due to their flat trajectories, were not effective for use on defensive perimeter targets on
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community that Marcos' government had little regard for them. This created a furor within the Muslim community in the Philippines, and eventually triggered calls for Moro independence; the rise of separatist movements such as the
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The Tailside or Tail End is the remaining portion of the island where different memorials, shrines and the island's airstrip are located. Kindley Field was constructed in the early 1920s and named in honor of an early hero of the
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This garden was built as a memorial to the Japanese soldiers who served and died on the island during World War II. The park includes a praying area, shrines, markers and a small pavilion that houses photographs and memorabilia.
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The arrival of the Spanish fleet led by General Ignacio Mario de Alava, with the mission to place the Philippine Islands on alert, did not affect the fortunes of Corregidor Island. He limited his activity to the setting up of a
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lighthouse was damaged during the siege of Corregidor. The lighthouse was totally reconstructed in the 1950s with a different design and stands on the same spot where the first lighthouse once stood. The whole
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In 2015, during a ceremony marking the 47th anniversary of the massacre, a symbolic peace marker: 'Mindanao Garden of Peace: Corregidor Island' was turned over to the families of the survivors of the massacre.
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691:, and Admiral van Noort retreated from the Philippines. Continuing the three year voyage in his one remaining ship and arriving home with 45 men still alive, van Noort became the first Dutch sea captain to
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and his forces arrived in Manila Bay. Legazpi was authorized by the Spanish Crown to establish the capital of the Philippines in Manila, and to convert the Muslims in Luzon and
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to honor the Filipino and American soldiers who participated in World War II. It was completed in 1968 at the cost of three million dollars. The major memorial structure is a
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Between December 24, 1941, and February 19, 1942, Corregidor was the temporary location for the Government of the Philippines. On December 30, 1941, outside the Malinta Tunnel,
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was the culmination of the Japanese campaign for the conquest of the Philippines. The fortifications across the entrance to Manila Bay were the remaining obstacle for the
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Early in the morning of January 26 Battery Geary opened fire on a unit of Japanese soldiers near Longaskawayan Point on the west side of the Bataan Peninsula during the
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One of the most recent additions to Corregidor is the Filipino Heroes Memorial located in the Tail End. This 6,000-square-meter (65,000 sq ft) complex has 14
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was first lit on the highest part of the island, to mark the entrance of Manila Bay for vessels coming in from the South China Sea. The Spanish government built this
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resources to design a Corregidor monument. The Association of Former Students then secured funds from Texas A&M Clubs and private donors to build the monument.
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is also a specific position of authority within the former Spanish administrative structure, the title for the man who was the head of a territorial unit known as
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headquarters until March 11, 1942. The Voice of Freedom, the radio station of USAFFE broadcast from Corregidor, aired the infamous announcement of the fall of
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Before the war and during the siege, Corregidor depended on Bataan for most of its potable water. For this purpose, barges were used to haul water either from
907:. Since the flotilla's speed was ten knots, they were soon far away from the Spanish batteries. Dewey sailed for Cavite where he destroyed the naval forces of
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Terrorism and Violence in Southeast Asia: Transnational Challenges to States and Regional Stability: Transnational Challenges to States and Regional Stability
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occurred from February 16 to 26, 1945, in which American and Filipino forces successfully recaptured the island fortress from the Japanese occupying forces.
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of the events that took place on the island, including the reluctant departure of General Douglas MacArthur and the evacuation of the Philippine president
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and known during World War II as the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas – than from any other school and more than the combined total of the
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Corregidor Island was included in the Philippines' defense plan prepared in 1885 by General Cerero, but no action was taken to implement it. When the
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whereby Texas gained its independence from Mexico – would be a school holiday. It had evolved, including with the support of former school president
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war-ravaged buildings have not been restored, and left as they were after the war in reverence to the Filipino and American soldiers who died there.
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1330:. In addition, Corregidor had 13 anti-aircraft artillery batteries with 76 guns (28 3-inch and 48 .50-caliber) and 10 60-inch Sperry searchlights.
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and became a prisoner with his family. The Americans offered to free him but the governor rejected this. Shortly afterwards, he was disembarked in
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Hubbard, Charles M. and Davis Jr., Collis H.. "Corregidor in Peace and War", p.82. University of Missouri Press, Columbia and London, 2006.
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more than $ 150 million, which did not include the expense of fortifying the neighboring islands of Caballo, Carabao, and El Fraile.
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In 1943, one year after the Aggies' original Corregidor Muster, E. E. McQuillen, Executive Secretary of the school's alumni association,
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San José (near what was Navy Beach); on the north is what was Army Dock, with its three large piers, and, east of Bottomside, is the
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Bottomside is the lower part of the island and is the neck that connects the tail and head of the island. South of Bottomside was
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Between Integration and Secession: The Muslim Communities of the Southern Philippines, Southern Thailand and Western Burma/Myanmar
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troops forced the surrender of the remaining American and Filipino forces on May 6, 1942, under the command of Lieutenant General
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Macapado Abaton Muslim; Philippines. Office of the President; Mindanao State University. College of Public Affairs (1994).
1901:. "Guardians of Empire: The U.S. Army and the Pacific, 1902–1940", p.203. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 1997.
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was dedicated. During World War II, there were more officers from Texas A&M – the largest of the United States' six
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1168:) in early 1942 and attacked Manila from its landward side. American and Filipino troops under the command of General
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Only 12 of the 25 survived the battle and the prisoner of war camps to which the survivors were sent. Dooley told a
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Several explanations for how the island was named have been suggested. One story states that the island was called
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Corregidor Island was taken over by the Dutch in June 1647, and from there they launched an offensive against
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A Local Church Living for Dialogue: Muslim-Christian Relations in Mindanao-Sulu, Philippines : 1965–2000
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and pitched battles—the first during the first months of 1942, and the second in February 1945—between the
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Standing on the highest part of Corregidor's Topside is the Pacific War Memorial, which was built by the
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and his family to unoccupied areas of the Philippines and eventually in exile in the United States.
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rule, Corregidor served not only as a fortress of defense, a penal institution, and a station for
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Bangsamoro Information Office, Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (March 17, 2021).
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Gross, Max L.; National Intelligence University; National Intelligence University Staff (2007).
945:, was taken as a prize of war to the United States. It was later awarded to the rural town of
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A cannon that had guarded the residence of the Spanish colonial governor on Corregidor, the
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There were 23 batteries installed on Corregidor, consisting of 56 coastal defense guns and
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batteries to defend the entrance of Manila Bay and Manila itself from attacks by enemy
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2243:. Office of the President and College of Public Affairs, Mindanao State University.
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used the surroundings of Corregidor Island as an anchorage for his last two ships,
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in 1919, into a day for current students and alumni to gather wherever they were.
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2017:"El Archipielago Filipino", pp.525–527. Washington: Impriento del Gobierno, 1900.
1970:. Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology. Retrieved on April 8, 2013.
1314:(BARMM) acknowledges the Jabidah Massacre as a key moment in Bangsamoro history.
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The Moro armed struggle in the Philippines: the nonviolent autonomy alternative
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Battery Monja is located on Wheeler Point. It was operated by Battery G of the
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be fortified. Consequently, Corregidor was fortified and incorporated into the
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Historical Dictionary of the Discovery and Exploration of the Pacific Islands
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on boats while the island's governor was transferred to the American cruiser
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on December 14, 1600. The Spanish lost their flagship, the hastily converted
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Felipe M. de Govantes. Compendio de la Historia de Filipinas. Manila, 1877,
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Buildings and structures of the Philippines destroyed during World War II
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At midnight on the night of April 30 to May 1, 1898, U.S. Navy Commodore
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552:(PHIVOLCS) still classifies Corregidor as a potentially active volcano.
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base. The short runway, cramped and hilly terrain had limited its use.
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In 1968, an area near Kindley Airfield at Tailside was the site of the
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340:
324:
213:
2176:
Abdurasad Asani (1985). "The Bangsamoro People: A Nation in Travail".
2827:
2819:
1343:
1339:
1191:
were inaugurated respectively as president and vice-president of the
924:
774:
707:
593:
410:
320:
316:
239:
2546:
American Defenses of Corregidor and Manila Bay 1898–1945 (Fortress)
2491:"Student-designed memorial dedicated on WWII battle site - OneArch"
2299:"47th Jabidah massacre Groups call for stop on Mindanao offensives"
1290:
witness, Jibin Arula, managing to escape by pretending to be dead.
757:, during November 1762. The British sailed the captured galleon to
662:
between the Netherlands and Spain, the Dutch privateer and Admiral
548:, which was last active about one million years ago. However, the
1513:
1231:
1152:
The surrender of U.S. forces at the Malinta Tunnel on May 6, 1942.
1147:
1134:
719:. Finally they withdrew with few of their expectations fulfilled.
712:
585:
476:
396:
331:. Due to its strategic location, Corregidor has historically been
304:
1823:
Office of the Judge Advocate General, United States Army (1916).
1496:, is now home to an audio-visual presentation by National Artist
734:, Corregidor was used as an anchorage for warships, particularly
509:. The airfield was operated then by the army, and the navy had a
2467:
Softly Call the Muster: The Evolution of a Texas Aggie Tradition
1141:
and the U.S. Army, along with its smaller subsidiary force, the
920:
716:
565:
The island came under Spanish sovereignty on May 19, 1570, when
429:, about 1.7 km (1.1 mi) south, divide the entrance of
3299:
2778:
2623:
1790:
987:
recommended that key harbors of territories acquired after the
577:. Corregidor was used as a support site for the nine Spanish
2119:
Revolt in Mindanao: The Rise of Islam in Philippine Politics
1012:
companies served tours at Fort Mills between 1909 and 1923.
496:. The Malinta Hill separates Bottomside from the Tail End.
2469:(1st ed.). College Station: Texas A&M University.
2262:
2260:
861:
led his naval squadron, with his flag hoisted on board the
2355:. Corregidor Island Web Site. Retrieved on March 11, 2011.
2206:
A Muslim Archipelago: Islam and Politics in Southeast Asia
1872:. Corregidor Island Web Site. Retrieved on March 11, 2011.
972:. In 1903, a convalescent hospital was established by the
323:, the nation's largest city and one of its most important
1855:. Corregidor Island Web Site. Retrieved on March 9, 2011.
1638:
yelling and singing of songs about Texan independence.
1222:
of the Imperial Japanese Army led by Lieutenant General
2420:"Enemy shells at Corregidor couldn't stop Aggie Muster"
3089:
Mounts Palay-Palay–Mataas-na-Gulod Protected Landscape
2040:"Three Oaks' Dewey Cannon notes a blast from the past"
1827:, pp. 343–344. Government Printing Office, Washington.
836:, were installed on the rocky island of El Fraile. On
409:
Despite being located nearer to the southern coast of
2576:
Graves, William (July 1986). "Corregidor Revisited".
1698:
1089:
of 1922. In 1932–1934, the U.S. Army constructed the
788:
light, which is situated 639 feet (195 m) above
631:. The institution of administrative districts called
2209:. United States Department of Defense. p. 183.
448:
The island's biggest area, which points towards the
3468:
3403:
3334:
3213:
3137:
3041:
2955:
2909:
2839:
2269:"Remembering Jabidah and the seeds of the struggle"
1787:
Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards (NOAH)
1211:was sent to reinforce the island's beach defenses.
374:. The island was also the site of a small military
319:. It is located 48 kilometres (30 mi) west of
263:
255:
245:
235:
219:
208:
200:
192:
184:
176:
166:
129:
119:
114:
2444:"Roll Call for the Absent (The Heroes' Roll Call)"
1310:in general. The government of the now-autonomous
949:, where it was remounted as a historical display.
643:" in charge of Bataan and Zambales, among others.
599:The name "Corregidor" comes from the Spanish word
550:Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
3366:National Historical Commission of the Philippines
1840:, pg. 72. Government Printing Office, Washington.
1814:. Cavite City Library. Retrieved on June 7, 2012.
968:In 1902, the island was organized as an American
592:inspection, but also as a signal outpost to warn
540:Corregidor and Caballo islands are remnants of a
3084:Mounts Banahaw–San Cristobal Protected Landscape
1584:In 2015, a monument designed by students at the
1459:with a circular altar directly under the dome's
1274:, the President of the Philippines at the time,
1096:Fort Mills's defense installations had cost the
350:) is the largest of the islands that formed the
2582:. Vol. 170, no. 1. pp. 118–131.
2495:Texas A&M University School of Architecture
2353:"Corregidor Island's Geographic Sectors-Part 1"
2141:
2139:
1870:"Corregidor Island's Geographic Sectors-Part 2"
1558:of the lighthouse was recently replaced by the
1312:Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
1285:Varying accounts say 18 to 69 recruits, mostly
530:Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
2544:Berhow, Mark A.; Terrance C. McGovern (2003).
1758:"Ten things you may not know about Corregidor"
1333:The longest-range coastal pieces were the two
3311:
2790:
2635:
2111:
2109:
1399:Battery Geary was a battery of eight 13-ton,
1346:, as their maximum elevation was 35 degrees.
8:
3361:National Commission for Culture and the Arts
2395:. Emerald Coast A&M Club. Archived from
2178:Journal Institute of Muslim Minority Affairs
1921:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1865:
1863:
1861:
528:, eventually leading to the creation of the
28:
2332:. New York: Hippocrene Books. p. 262.
2079:Antonio, Nicolas Basilio (April 10, 2021).
1673:, anesthesiologist, was born in Corregidor.
1278:, had secretly authorized the execution of
3318:
3304:
3296:
2797:
2783:
2775:
2642:
2628:
2620:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2027:Philippine forts at American Forts Network
1751:
1749:
1747:
1684:List of islands in the Greater Manila Area
658:In November and December 1600, during the
299:) is an island located at the entrance of
34:
27:
3512:United States military in the Philippines
2497:. Texas A&M University. June 15, 2015
1848:
1846:
646:On November 23, 1574, the Chinese pirate
3327:Philippine Registry of Cultural Property
2171:
2169:
1540:
1442:
1425:
1417:
1133:, Corregidor was the site of two costly
1054:Harbor Defenses of Manila and Subic Bays
956:
804:'s attack was thought to be imminent, a
2094:from the original on September 25, 2021
1836:U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey (1919).
1743:
1705:
806:12 cm gun of the "Hontoria System"
792:and visible for 20 miles (32 km).
370:), which were all fortified during the
1645:, renamed the school's April 21 event
1243:battle for the recapture of Corregidor
1207:. In April 1942, one battalion of the
401:Corregidor Island and the entrance to
3180:Saint James the Apostle Parish Church
3175:Saint Gregory the Great Parish Church
1932:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 5–.
993:harbor defenses Manila and Subic Bays
724:British invasion of Manila and Cavite
278:
7:
2657:
2446:. The Association of Former Students
2368:. The Association of Former Students
1957:. Lexington Books. pp. 267–268.
1263:, a key event in the history of the
1076:, Fort Drum; and on Carabao Island,
3527:National Shrines of the Philippines
3150:Immaculate Conception Parish Church
2279:from the original on March 18, 2021
2081:"The Moro Story During Martial Law"
1838:"United States Coast Pilot, Part 1"
1158:Battle of the Philippines (1941–42)
1049:(Tractor Drawn) (Philippine Scouts)
765:, where it was sold for a fortune.
635:(with each district chief known as
596:of the approach of hostile ships.
180:5.49 km (2.12 sq mi)
3346:Cultural Center of the Philippines
1689:List of islands of the Philippines
1643:The Association of Former Students
1447:Marker of the Pacific War Memorial
520:, Tailside became the site of the
433:into the North and South Channel.
89:
56:
14:
3236:Canlubang Golf & Country Club
3170:Mother of All Asia–Tower of Peace
1622:in Texas, the anniversary of the
1578:Muster (Texas A&M University)
1570:Texas A&M University monument
1422:Aerial view of the island in 2024
1178:U.S. Armed Forces in the Far East
1164:invaded Luzon from the north (at
516:In 1968 during the first term of
3394:
3185:Saint Rose of Lima Parish Church
2900:
2732:
2715:
2705:
2688:
2608:
2305:. March 18, 2015. Archived from
1926:Paul J. Smith (March 26, 2015).
1756:Layug, Benjamin (May 10, 2015).
1720:
1708:
1056:and the Seaward Defense Command.
999:, in honor of Brigadier General
854:, which was undergoing repairs.
88:
81:
55:
48:
2517:"Calmes 2 – Corregidor Pre War"
2275:. Republic of the Philippines.
2152:. Gregorian Biblical BookShop.
2038:Miller, Randy (June 18, 1999).
699:was formed a few months later.
3476:National Cultural Heritage Act
3008:Nagcarlan Underground Cemetery
1602:United States Military Academy
1300:Moro National Liberation Front
848:from the Spanish navy cruiser
1:
3517:Military facilities in Cavite
3430:National Historical Landmarks
3425:Important Cultural Properties
3251:Saddle and Clubs Leisure Park
3104:Pamitinan Protected Landscape
3099:Pagsanjan Gorge National Park
2733:
2689:
2650:Places adjacent to Corregidor
1401:12-inch (305 mm) mortars
1389:12-inch (305 mm) mortars
1360:92nd Coast Artillery Regiment
1304:Moro Islamic Liberation Front
352:harbor defenses of Manila Bay
2988:Corregidor Island Lighthouse
2716:
2706:
2418:Tutt, Bob (April 16, 1994),
1694:Fort Drum (El Fraile Island)
1296:Muslim Independence Movement
782:Corregidor Island Lighthouse
722:In October 1762, during the
311:, and is considered part of
303:in the southwestern part of
259:Barangay 8 (Manuel S. Rojas)
3420:National Cultural Treasures
3415:UNESCO World Heritage Sites
3351:Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino
2122:. Oxford University Press.
1606:United States Naval Academy
1195:for a second term. General
840:, south of Corregidor, the
329:the Spanish colonial period
69:Location in the Philippines
21:Corregidor (disambiguation)
3548:
3287:Tourism in the Philippines
3114:Quezon Protected Landscape
2993:Malabrigo Point Lighthouse
2366:"The Aggies of Corregidor"
1377:
1335:12-inch (305 mm) guns
1252:
581:used during the campaign.
378:, as part of the defense.
204:589 ft (179.5 m)
196:2.0 km (1.24 mi)
188:6.5 km (4.04 mi)
18:
3460:Other Cultural Properties
3450:Works of National Artists
3392:
3381:Intramuros Administration
3284:
3261:Santa Rosa Sports Complex
2898:
2813:
2655:
2548:. Osprey Publishing Ltd.
2190:10.1080/13602008508715944
2146:William Larousse (2001).
1545:The Corregidor lighthouse
780:On January 18, 1853, the
315:and thus the province of
268:
224:
42:
33:
16:Island in the Philippines
3445:National Heritage Houses
3246:Quezon Convention Center
3119:Seven Lakes of San Pablo
3109:People's Park in the Sky
2978:Cape Santiago Lighthouse
2564:The Story of Corregidor.
1982:, Corregidor Island.com.
1598:senior military colleges
1590:Texas A&M University
1528:Japanese Garden of Peace
1508:Filipino Heroes Memorial
1468:, a 40 feet (12 m)
1466:Eternal Flame of Freedom
1453:United States Government
1430:Aerial view of the ruins
1199:also used Corregidor as
1193:Philippines Commonwealth
1001:Samuel Meyers Mills, Jr.
953:American colonial period
697:Dutch East India Company
603:, meaning "to correct".
372:American colonial period
3256:San Lazaro Leisure Park
3226:Batangas Racing Circuit
3033:Tejeros Convention Site
2465:Adams, John A. (1994).
1368:French 155mm GPF cannon
1270:In connection with the
1267:and the Moro people.
1087:Washington Naval Treaty
981:Board of Fortifications
567:Miguel Lopez de Legazpi
366:), and Carabao Island (
72:Show map of Philippines
3231:Biñan Football Stadium
2330:Bataan: Our Last Ditch
2328:Whitman, John (1990).
2273:BARMM Official Website
2116:T.J.S. George (1980).
1899:Linn, Brian McAllister
1594:College Station, Texas
1586:School of Architecture
1560:Philippine Coast Guard
1546:
1448:
1431:
1423:
1366:. The battery had two
1162:Imperial Japanese Army
1153:
1139:Imperial Japanese Army
965:
808:, which came from the
482:
464:Middleside is a small
406:
387:Imperial Japanese Army
296:
288:
280:[ko.ɾɛ.hɪˈdoɾ]
264:Additional information
201:Highest elevation
151:14.38556°N 120.57306°E
3502:Islands of Manila Bay
2973:Bonifacio Trial House
2617:at Wikimedia Commons
2399:on September 27, 2007
1953:Yegar, Moshe (2002).
1624:Battle of San Jacinto
1544:
1537:Corregidor lighthouse
1480:symbolizing freedom.
1446:
1429:
1421:
1151:
1121:or Cabcaben, Bataan.
1010:Coast Artillery Corps
960:
846:15 cm naval guns
480:
400:
3241:National Arts Center
3042:Parks and recreation
2087:Philippine Collegian
2050:St. Joseph, Michigan
2045:The Herald-Palladium
1524:on August 28, 1992.
1498:Lamberto V. Avellana
1439:Pacific War Memorial
1408:Battle of the Points
1272:North Borneo dispute
1216:Battle of Corregidor
1047:92nd Coast Artillery
1037:91st Coast Artillery
1027:60th Coast Artillery
1021:59th Coast Artillery
989:Spanish–American War
970:military reservation
947:Three Oaks, Michigan
873:Battle of Manila Bay
796:Spanish–American War
561:Spanish colonial era
327:for centuries since
19:For other uses, see
3221:Alonte Sports Arena
2840:Beaches and islands
2579:National Geographic
2309:on February 2, 2017
1812:"About Cavite City"
1793:on February 1, 2022
1478:Aristides Demetrios
1236:Jonathan Wainwright
1172:, retreated to the
1064:; the army post on
1023:(U.S. Regular Army)
612:Isla del Corregidor
605:Isla del Corregidor
507:U.S. Army Air Corps
469:American children.
297:Isla del Corregidor
156:14.38556; 120.57306
147: /
30:
3440:National Monuments
3271:Vermosa Sports Hub
3266:Tagaytay Highlands
3145:Antipolo Cathedral
3064:Masungi Georeserve
2998:Malagonlong Bridge
2968:Angono Petroglyphs
1547:
1449:
1432:
1424:
1154:
1005:Corps of Engineers
966:
821:, and two shorter
751:Santisima Trinidad
546:Corregidor Caldera
483:
481:Bottomside in 1982
407:
289:Pulo ng Corregidor
209:Highest point
171:Philippine Islands
3507:Islands of Cavite
3484:
3483:
3455:Marked Structures
3356:National Archives
3293:
3292:
3160:Maragondon Church
3054:Hinulugang Taktak
2932:Higantes Festival
2927:Enchanted Kingdom
2917:Casa Santa Museum
2772:
2771:
2767:
2766:
2671:Mariveles, Bataan
2662:Mariveles, Bataan
2613:Media related to
2424:Houston Chronicle
2250:978-971-11-1130-4
2216:978-1-932946-19-2
2159:978-88-7652-879-8
2129:978-0-19-580429-4
1939:978-1-317-45886-9
1887:978-0-8262-1712-7
1613:Brigadier General
1364:Philippine Scouts
1280:Operation Merdeka
1197:Douglas MacArthur
1170:Douglas MacArthur
1041:Philippine Scouts
863:protected cruiser
829:from the Spanish
755:they had captured
664:Olivier van Noort
660:Eighty Years' War
337:coastal artillery
272:
271:
105:Show map of Luzon
102:Location in Luzon
3539:
3435:National Shrines
3398:
3371:National Library
3320:
3313:
3306:
3297:
3205:Tayabas Basilica
2963:Aguinaldo Shrine
2922:Coconut Festival
2904:
2799:
2792:
2785:
2776:
2736:
2735:
2719:
2718:
2709:
2708:
2692:
2691:
2658:
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2630:
2621:
2612:
2599:
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2532:
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2529:
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2502:
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2035:
2029:
2024:
2018:
2015:
2009:
2002:
1996:
1989:
1983:
1977:
1971:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1923:
1910:
1896:
1890:
1879:
1873:
1867:
1856:
1853:"Malinta Tunnel"
1850:
1841:
1834:
1828:
1821:
1815:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1789:. Archived from
1779:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1753:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1713:
1712:
1704:
1502:Manuel L. Quezon
1414:Corregidor today
1276:Ferdinand Marcos
1261:Jabidah massacre
1255:Jabidah massacre
1249:Jabidah massacre
1185:Manuel L. Quezon
1174:Bataan Peninsula
961:The entrance to
844:installed three
818:Antonio de Ulloa
522:Jabidah massacre
518:Ferdinand Marcos
356:El Fraile Island
354:, together with
282:
162:
161:
159:
158:
157:
152:
148:
145:
144:
143:
140:
106:
92:
91:
85:
73:
59:
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52:
38:
31:
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3538:
3537:
3536:
3487:
3486:
3485:
3480:
3464:
3407:
3405:
3399:
3390:
3376:National Museum
3338:
3336:
3330:
3324:
3294:
3289:
3280:
3209:
3133:
3094:Pagsanjan Falls
3037:
3028:Santa Rosa Arch
2951:
2905:
2896:
2835:
2809:
2803:
2773:
2768:
2762:Ternate, Cavite
2760:
2753:Ternate, Cavite
2751:
2720:
2700:South China Sea
2673:
2666:South China Sea
2664:
2651:
2648:
2606:
2575:
2572:
2570:Further reading
2556:
2543:
2535:
2525:
2523:
2515:
2514:
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2488:
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2144:
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2130:
2115:
2114:
2107:
2097:
2095:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2069:McGovern, pp. 8
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2064:
2054:
2052:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2025:
2021:
2016:
2012:
2003:
1999:
1990:
1986:
1978:
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1966:
1962:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1940:
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1764:
1755:
1754:
1745:
1736:
1731:
1721:
1719:
1707:
1699:
1680:
1667:
1628:William Bizzell
1620:San Jacinto Day
1616:George F. Moore
1572:
1539:
1530:
1510:
1486:
1441:
1416:
1397:
1382:
1376:
1356:
1324:
1257:
1251:
1143:Philippine Army
1127:
1115:
1106:
1098:U.S. government
1060:In addition to
985:William H. Taft
955:
936:Balanga, Bataan
909:Admiral Montojo
798:
695:the world. The
653:Juan de Salcedo
563:
558:
542:volcanic crater
538:
502:
475:
462:
450:South China Sea
446:
395:
231:
155:
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149:
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138:
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1220:14th Area Army
1209:Fourth Marines
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1066:Caballo Island
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3386:Sentro Rizal
3200:Tanay Church
3129:Taal Volcano
3023:Rizal Shrine
2982:
2892:Verde Island
2711:
2710:
2607:
2577:
2563:
2545:
2524:. Retrieved
2520:
2511:
2499:. Retrieved
2494:
2485:
2466:
2460:
2450:September 2,
2448:. Retrieved
2438:
2427:, retrieved
2423:
2413:
2403:December 17,
2401:. Retrieved
2397:the original
2370:. Retrieved
2360:
2348:
2329:
2323:
2311:. Retrieved
2307:the original
2302:
2293:
2281:. Retrieved
2272:
2239:
2232:
2220:. Retrieved
2205:
2198:
2181:
2177:
2148:
2118:
2096:. Retrieved
2084:
2074:
2065:
2055:November 28,
2053:. Retrieved
2043:
2033:
2022:
2013:
2005:
2000:
1987:
1975:
1968:"Corregidor"
1963:
1954:
1948:
1928:
1894:
1877:
1832:
1819:
1807:
1795:. Retrieved
1791:the original
1786:
1777:
1767:November 15,
1765:. Retrieved
1671:Selma Calmes
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:Aggie Muster
1640:
1635:United Press
1632:
1610:
1583:
1575:
1548:
1531:
1511:
1494:World War II
1487:
1474:commissioned
1470:Corten steel
1465:
1450:
1433:
1405:
1398:
1383:
1357:
1348:
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1316:
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1284:
1269:
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1240:
1230:Corregidor.
1213:
1182:
1155:
1131:World War II
1128:
1125:World War II
1116:
1113:Water supply
1107:
1095:
1059:
1031:Regular Army
1014:
978:
967:
943:Dewey Cannon
940:
930:
917:
913:
903:
896:
889:
886:and then by
882:
877:
867:
859:George Dewey
856:
849:
842:Spanish army
834:General Lezo
833:
825:of the same
816:
810:Spanish Navy
799:
786:Second-Order
779:
767:
749:
744:
737:
721:
705:
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688:
683:
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667:
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645:
641:corregidores
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632:
625:
619:
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611:
609:
604:
600:
598:
583:
575:Christianity
564:
539:
515:
503:
486:
484:
463:
454:enlisted men
447:
435:
408:
383:World War II
380:
346:Corregidor (
345:
274:
273:
226:
25:
3522:Cavite City
3406:of cultural
2887:Punta Fuego
2882:Matabungkay
2877:Laiya Beach
2834:attractions
2805:Tourism in
2313:November 8,
2222:February 4,
1797:February 1,
1727:Philippines
1564:solar power
1385:Battery Way
1380:Battery Way
1374:Battery Way
1156:During the
1070:Fort Hughes
983:chaired by
364:Fort Hughes
313:Cavite City
309:Philippines
250:Cavite City
228:Philippines
212:Topside, a
167:Archipelago
154: /
142:120°34′23″E
130:Coordinates
3497:Corregidor
3491:Categories
3408:properties
3404:Categories
3335:Government
3049:Avilon Zoo
2983:Corregidor
2956:Historical
2847:Alibijaban
2807:Calabarzon
2758:Manila Bay
2749:Manila Bay
2724:Manila Bay
2712:Corregidor
2680:Manila Bay
2675:Manila Bay
2615:Corregidor
2501:August 17,
2476:0890965862
2429:August 16,
2372:August 17,
2339:0870528777
2008:, page 246
1734:References
1576:See also:
1562:to run on
1551:lighthouse
1472:structure
1306:; and the
1302:, and the
1265:Bangsamoro
1078:Fort Frank
1068:was named
1062:Fort Mills
997:Fort Mills
823:12 cm guns
759:Portsmouth
621:Corregidor
473:Bottomside
460:Middleside
431:Manila Bay
403:Manila Bay
368:Fort Frank
348:Fort Mills
301:Manila Bay
275:Corregidor
124:Manila Bay
96:Corregidor
63:Corregidor
29:Corregidor
3138:Religious
3124:Taal Lake
2942:Sky Ranch
2862:Cagbalete
2744:El Fraile
2596:643483454
2588:0027-9358
2283:March 18,
2004:Quanchi,
1611:In 1942,
1519:President
1119:Mariveles
1074:El Fraile
1029:AA (U.S.
974:U.S. Army
931:Baltimore
902:USS
895:USS
888:USS
883:McCulloch
881:USS
866:USS
802:U.S. Navy
790:sea level
689:Eendracht
684:San Diego
672:Eendracht
668:Mauritius
532:(BARMM).
490:or Barrio
393:Geography
333:fortified
139:14°23′8″N
115:Geography
3339:agencies
3337:cultural
3329:(PRECUP)
2910:Cultural
2816:Batangas
2526:June 30,
2277:Archived
2092:Archived
1678:See also
1604:and the
1232:Japanese
1228:blockade
648:Limahong
601:corregir
579:galleons
571:Mindanao
511:seaplane
500:Tailside
488:Barangay
376:airfield
341:warships
325:seaports
256:Barangay
236:Province
120:Location
3469:Related
2857:Balesin
2538:Sources
1980:History
1715:Islands
1701:Portals
1556:lantern
1457:rotunda
1328:mortars
1129:During
904:Concord
897:Raleigh
868:Olympia
851:Velasco
831:gunboat
827:caliber
814:cruiser
763:England
738:Panther
726:led by
590:customs
586:Spanish
556:History
536:Geology
466:plateau
444:Topside
438:tadpole
381:During
307:in the
293:Spanish
285:Tagalog
214:plateau
3214:Venues
2852:Anilao
2828:Quezon
2824:Laguna
2820:Cavite
2594:
2586:
2552:
2473:
2336:
2247:
2213:
2156:
2126:
1936:
1905:
1885:
1783:"NOAH"
1514:murals
1461:oculus
1344:Cavite
1340:Bataan
1298:, the
1287:Tausug
1205:Bataan
1201:Allied
1160:, the
1135:sieges
925:Cavite
890:Boston
775:Cavite
708:Cavite
594:Manila
584:Under
544:, the
419:Cavite
411:Bataan
321:Manila
317:Cavite
240:Cavite
185:Length
2832:Rizal
1993:p.294
1739:Notes
1072:; on
730:and
713:Luzon
335:with
305:Luzon
193:Width
2830:and
2592:OCLC
2584:ISSN
2550:ISBN
2528:2017
2503:2024
2471:ISBN
2452:2024
2431:2007
2405:2006
2374:2024
2334:ISBN
2315:2022
2285:2021
2245:ISBN
2224:2021
2211:ISBN
2154:ISBN
2124:ISBN
2100:2021
2085:The
2057:2017
1934:ISBN
1903:ISBN
1883:ISBN
1799:2022
1769:2019
1549:The
1488:The
1342:and
1241:The
1214:The
1187:and
979:The
929:USS
921:Naic
900:and
745:Argo
743:HMS
741:and
736:HMS
717:Cebu
715:and
670:and
436:The
415:City
246:City
177:Area
2186:doi
1608:.
1592:in
1588:at
1476:to
1238:.
812:'s
773:at
626:un
573:to
417:of
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2822:,
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2382:^
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