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246:, the international chess organization. However, the ICCF, which organizes postal and email events, is not the only organization involved in correspondence chess. There are numerous national and regional bodies for postal chess, as well as a number of organisations devoted to organizing email play for free such as the International Email Chess Group (IECG), Lechenicher SchachServer (LSS), and the Free Internet Correspondence Games Server (FICGS), that also run a world championship cycle, and International E-mail Chess Club (IECC). However, groups other than the ICCF are not sanctioned by FIDE.
436:. The most common form of daily chess. This means that when a move is made by the first player, the clock for their opponent starts. They then have exactly 24 hours to respond. Being late means losing. In practice, this often means having to make a minimum of 2 moves per day. For example, if one decides to make moves only in the evening, the opponent might respond immediately. Then, trying to make the next move at a similar time the next day may result in being late and losing on time. Therefore, a common practice is to make moves in all ongoing games in the morning and then in the evening.
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292:. The landscape of chess has further expanded with the surge in popularity of daily chess, particularly in the second decade of the 21st century. This growth is evident in the annual influx of thousands of new players. The heightened interest in daily chess is underscored by the participation in the Daily Chess Championships organized since 2018. While the first edition had just over 7,000 players, in 2023, due to the significant interest in the event, the organizer had to limit the number of participants to 35,000.
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real-time rating system which often adjusts a player's rating after each rated game. Casual servers also tend to have a wide range of facilities, such as online games databases, social and chess improvement forums, teams, and player homepages. More traditional correspondence chess servers often charge per tournament and force the use of real names. For example, competitors in the
Correspondence Chess League of America use their real names rather than aliases.
718:. The game lasted four months, with Kasparov playing "g7" on his 62nd move and announcing a forced checkmate in 28 moves. The World Team voters resigned on October 22. After the game Kasparov said "It is the greatest game in the history of chess. The sheer number of ideas, the complexity, and the contribution it has made to chess make it the most important game ever played."
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chess. This amalgamation allows players to engage in matches with opponents from around the world without the pressure of immediate time constraints, a hallmark of traditional over-the-board (OTB) chess. In its fundamental form, daily chess requires players to complete each move within a strict 24-hour timeframe, as implied by its name.
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Allowing the use of opening books in paper form. Larger platforms also allow the use of electronic opening libraries and even offer built-in opening trees available during the analysis of a played game. In general, reviewing games played only by people is allowed. Libraries with games played by chess
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Introducing the possibility of providing entire variations. In the 20th century, to save the number of sent letters, players sometimes, in addition to their own move, sent conditional variations. They provided their next move in case of a specific response from the opponent. Current applications for
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Moreover, the emergence of the
Internet has brought new opportunities for correspondence chess, not all of which are organized by official bodies. Casual correspondence chess includes correspondence play initiated through correspondence chess servers and games played between individuals who meet and
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Server fees vary. Most casual servers use a yearly charging model, whereby players can play as many tournaments or games as they want all year round. Some servers offer basic membership for free, with more services available for a fee. Also more casual servers allow the use of nicknames, and have a
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Correspondence chess allows people or clubs who are geographically distant to play one another without meeting in person. The length of a game played by correspondence can vary depending on the method used to transmit moves: a game played via a server or by email might last no more than a few days,
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and correspondence chess. The dynamic nature of daily chess borrows key elements from both online and correspondence chess. The immediacy and real-time interaction reminiscent of online chess are combined with the more contemplative pace and turn-based structure found in traditional correspondence
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Email play has gradually declined in popularity due to issues such as email viruses, opponents' claims of not receiving moves, and similar impediments to the point email play has arguably been superseded by server-based correspondence chess, where usually the interface to a chess server is a
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Correspondence chess servers are usually database-driven and carry with them a web-based interface for submitting moves to the database. But they do create the possibility of facilitating any method of transmission, as long as the transmitted moves are audited within the server's database.
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Correspondence chess has evolved into various forms, with server-based correspondence chess emerging as the most widespread in the contemporary world. Notably, major correspondence servers have grown in size and popularity, reaching the same prominence as online blitz
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Variants with a time reserve are also encountered. This means that a player has a few extra days, and in case of exceeding the basic time, they can still use these additional days. Another formula is, for example, several dozen days for a specified number of
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Time limit in correspondence game is not rigidly defined, but it is generally accepted that, on average, it is never less than one day per move (not counting transmission time in postal chess). This time allows for far deeper calculation, meaning that
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The vast majority of chess platforms that enable playing chess also provide access to server-based correspondence / daily chess. However, not all of them allow switching to the analysis mode or offer a built-in library of openings or entire games.
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has narrowed. The decline in the popularity of traditional postal correspondence chess occurred at the end of the 20th century. This is also when chess programs became widely accessible, and their playing strength soon reached the level of
442:. The second most popular option. This is the optimal time for people with limited time resources. It is enough to make all moves once a day at any time to be sure not to lose on time. Additionally, games can also be played every two days.
386:" for transmitting moves between players. The ICCF and affiliated local and national federations often organize postal events. Other examples of groups offering postal play include the Correspondence Chess League of America (CCLA) and the
257:âthese are equivalent to similar titles awarded by FIDE for over-the-board chess. The ICCF also runs the World Correspondence Chess Championships. Because these events can last a long time, they may overlap: for instance, in February 2005
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are often played on public chess servers or chess forums. Since the games are a modified form, chess engines may be less helpful, or based on the variant, completely useless. For example, chess games played on an unbounded chessboard, or
190:. In OTB chess competitions, all chess organizations strictly prohibit the use of any electronic devices. In correspondence chess, there is no unequivocal stance either prohibiting or allowing the use of chess programs during games.
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daily chess allow entering entire variations. They are invisible to the opponent. However, if they make a move from the entered conditional variation, the application automatically sends the next move.
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Although nowadays the strongest correspondence players are specialists, a number of notable players in over-the-board (OTB) chess have in the past played postal games during their chess career.
147:), correspondence players often have several games going at once. Tournament games are played concurrently, and some players may have more than one hundred games continuing at the same time.
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Computer assistance has altered correspondence chess. As players with poor chess knowledge can use the strongest computer programs to analyse their games, the gap between the beginner and
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is a game with great traditions dating back to the late sixth century. Therefore, efforts have been made to transfer as many features of correspondence chess to daily chess as possible:
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was declared winner of the eighteenth
Championship (which began in June 2003), though the winner of the seventeenth Championship (which began in March 2002) had not yet been determined.
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such as Apple's iPhone, Blackberry, and
Android-based devices, correspondence chess has seen a recent rise in popularity as applications on these devices. Usually the devices use
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play on their own. Casual correspondence play does not lead to official ratings, though some chess servers will calculate ratings for the players based on results on that server.
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Postal correspondence chess has mostly been superseded by email and server-based correspondence chess. Furthermore, use of computers for chess analysis is becoming widespread.
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Such rule is totally in line with the spirit of traditional correspondence chess. Before the era of digital opening trees, players had large libraries of chess opening books.
397:, the Correspondence Chess League of America (CCLA), and the United States Chess Federation (USCF) have added email and/or server-based options to their correspondence play.
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Correspondence chess differs from over-the-board (OTB) play in several respects. While players in OTB chess generally play one game at a time (an exception being a
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Up until 2004, ICCF correspondence chess was played only via email and postal mail. For playing by these two forms of transmission, the ICCF sanctioned the use of
196:'s Daily Chess strictly prohibits the use of chess engines and all winners' games are subject to computer analysis for fair play. A similar stance is taken by the
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until June 2002 and consistently ranked second on ICCF. Andrei
Sokolov is another OTB GM who has recently taken up email chess. World Correspondence Champion
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In server-based correspondence chess most games are played at a pace of one move per day or several days. The most popular variants include:
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In recent years, the use of increasingly powerful chess programs has brought forth new challenges for organizations like the ICCF and the
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and phone. It is in contrast to over-the-board (OTB) chess, where the players sit at a physical chessboard at the same time; and most
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208:. The ICCF calls this a "hybrid competition that involves the strategy and planning of humans guided by the accuracy of machines".
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In the past, games exchanged through mailed envelopes with stamps could take months or even years. The normal time limit for
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131:, where the players play each other in real time over the internet. However, correspondence chess can also be played online.
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Correspondence chess tournaments are usually played under the auspices of an official regulatory body, most importantly the
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200:, which in its regulations also explicitly prohibits the use of "chess playing algorithms" for evaluating games. The
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There are organizations devoted to organizing play by email, such as the
International E-mail Chess Club (IECC).
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As an additional aid, chess portals allow setting notifications in the form of emails or app notifications (for
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Usually in daily chess tournaments, players play two games simultaneously: one as white and one as black.
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Daily chess represents the adaptation of traditional correspondence chess to the digital realm of the
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One of the older documented postal correspondence chess games is a game played in 1804 by
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games is 30 to 60 days for every 10 moves (not counting shipping time for postal chess).
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Older ICCF Playing Rules Email - Individual and Team tournament games (01.01.05-31.12.08
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390:(USCF). However, groups other than the ICCF and affiliates are not sanctioned by FIDE.
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There are national and regional organizations for postal chess which use traditional "
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played by various forms of long-distance correspondence, traditionally through the
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64 Great Chess Games: Instructive
Classics from the World of Correspondence Chess
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204:(ICCF) allows for collaboration between humans and computers, even during the
111:. Today it is usually played through a correspondence chess server, a public
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Craig Sadler, "Facts, Games and World
Champions of Correspondence Chess",
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has become commonplace, thanks to the multitude of tournaments hosted by
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also achieved very high ratings in both ICCF and FIDE, remaining in the
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Red
Letters: The Correspondence Chess Championships of the Soviet Union
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1091:"Correspondence Chess Rules (Effective 10-1-2021) - Reflection Time"
448:. It is not very popular due to the very long duration of the games.
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can be less frequent. Certain forms of assistance, including books,
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Sample image of a chess variant that can be played on the internet.
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675:, played many games of correspondence chess. OTB world champions
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Gewapend met kennis. 500 jaar militaire boekcultuur in Nederland
454:. It is the longest daily time control offered by most of sites.
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887:"Why Correspondence Chess Is Still Popular Among Elite Players"
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The Games of the World Correspondence Chess Championships I-X
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sometimes regarded as the strongest player to never become
1017:-Older ICCF Playing Rules WEBSERVER - (01.01.05-31.12.08)
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Over-the-board players who also play correspondence chess
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1059:. Dissertation Leiden University, 2012, p. 406, note 99
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technology to submit their moves to a central server.
119:. Less common methods that have been employed include
219:, are virtually untouched by chess-playing software.
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and over 50,000 participants from over 75 countries
393:Traditional postal chess organizations such as the
312:platform. It is often characterized as a fusion of
1030:Alex Dunne, "The Check is in the Mail," column,
96:Postcard for international correspondence chess
738:International Correspondence Chess Grandmaster
255:International Correspondence Chess Grandmaster
1317:
1273:International Correspondence Chess Federation
425:International Correspondence Chess Federation
395:International Correspondence Chess Federation
240:International Correspondence Chess Federation
202:International Correspondence Chess Federation
8:
2194:
1324:
1310:
1302:
1160:The Complete Guide to Correspondence Chess
642:; Peter Hertel; Auvo Kujala; Dufek JiĆĂ;
1280:Free Internet Correspondence Games Server
1176:Grodzensky, Sergey; Harding, Tim (2003),
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
27:Game of chess via postal system or e-mail
973:"Correspondence Chess League of America"
500:
404:F.W. von Mauvillon of the Dutch army in
43:This article includes a list of general
803:
774:
758:World Correspondence Chess Championship
206:World Correspondence Chess Championship
1292:Correspondence Chess League of America
695:was also an OTB International Master.
629:; Richard Polaczek; Nikolai Papenin;
489:Prohibiting the use of chess engines.
7:
647:Correspondence International Master
1250:World Champion at the Third Attempt
824:"A brief history of computer chess"
253:, Senior International Master and
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
242:(ICCF), which is affiliated with
3065:
2736:List of strong chess tournaments
845:"Daily Chess Championship Rules"
750:â a game played in 1999 between
733:ICCF national member federations
34:
1714:Gökyay Association Chess Museum
1286:International Email Chess Group
1266:International E-mail Chess Club
1214:Winning at Correspondence Chess
952:"Daily Chess Championship 2023"
931:"Daily Chess Championship 2018"
1034:(March 2007), online at (p. 5)
522:World Correspondence Champion
388:United States Chess Federation
198:United States Chess Federation
1:
2834:Computer chess championships
728:Correspondence Chess Olympiad
866:"Correspondence Chess Rules"
408:with one of his officers in
2616:Bishop and knight checkmate
568:Correspondence Grandmaster
249:The ICCF awards the titles
18:Correspondence chess server
3119:
2779:Other world championships
1248:Sanakoev, Grigory (1999),
174:
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2626:Opposite-coloured bishops
1298:Correspondence Chess News
748:Kasparov versus the World
704:Kasparov versus the World
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567:
532:Alberic O'Kelly de Galway
521:
516:
514:OTB International Master
513:
510:
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378:Postal (traditional mail)
2753:World Chess Championship
1719:World Chess Hall of Fame
919:Correspondencechess.com.
3047:Simultaneous exhibition
2957:Chess newspaper columns
2646:Rook and bishop vs rook
2636:Queen and pawn vs queen
847:. chess.com. 2022-12-14
482:engines are prohibited.
145:simultaneous exhibition
64:more precise citations.
2502:RichterâVeresov Attack
2490:Queen's Indian Defence
1230:Purdy, C.J.S. (1998),
1194:Harding, T.D. (1987),
1136:, Dublin: Chess Mail.
1070:"Correspondence Chess"
1025:March 3, 2012, at the
1012:March 3, 2012, at the
743:Internet chess servers
452:One move every 14 days
330:
235:
97:
2763:Candidates Tournament
2651:Rook and pawn vs rook
2621:King and pawn vs king
2572:List of chess gambits
2475:King's Indian Defence
2153:Isolated Queen's Pawn
1677:List of chess players
1619:Top player comparison
1418:Internet chess server
1212:Harding, Tim (1996),
1203:Harding, Tim (2002),
702:played a chess game "
446:One move every 7 days
440:One move every 3 days
374:web-based interface.
328:
273:U.S. Chess Federation
266:ICCF numeric notation
231:Postcard used by the
230:
95:
3098:Correspondence chess
2480:Nimzo-Indian Defence
2376:Scandinavian Defense
2337:Semi-Italian Opening
2242:King's Indian Attack
2131:first-move advantage
1784:Threefold repetition
1709:Bobby Fischer Center
1594:Charlemagne chessmen
1588:Göttingen manuscript
1393:Correspondence chess
1158:Dunne, Alex (1991),
1134:64 Great Chess Games
1132:Harding, T. (2002).
1020:Correspondence Chess
251:International Master
101:Correspondence chess
2708:Two knights endgame
2460:Bogo-Indian Defence
2347:Two Knights Defense
2287:Nimzowitsch Defence
1977:Artificial castling
1614:Soviet chess school
1489:Dubrovnik chess set
1234:, Thinker's Press,
1162:, Thinker's Press,
977:www.serverchess.com
528:(Women's Champion)
508:World OTB Champion
502:
350:With the advent of
233:US Chess Federation
171:Computer assistance
3103:Play-by-mail games
2938:endgame literature
2485:Old Indian Defense
2395:Accelerated Dragon
2267:Alekhine's Defence
1999:Checkmate patterns
1868:symbols in Unicode
1863:annotation symbols
1626:Geography of chess
1494:Staunton chess set
1111:Soltis, Andrew E.
677:Alexander Alekhine
562:Gert Jan Timmerman
536:Viacheslav Ragozin
501:
402:lieutenant-colonel
331:
236:
167:use is permitted.
98:
3085:
3084:
2962:Chess periodicals
2891:Chess in the arts
2823:Chess composition
2661:Philidor position
2602:
2601:
2544:Trompowsky Attack
2527:Semi-Slav Defence
2417:Queen's Pawn Game
2297:Four Knights Game
2272:CaroâKann Defence
2237:Zukertort Opening
2024:Discovered attack
1744:Cheating in chess
1581:Versus de scachis
1113:"Chess - History"
662:
661:
356:wireless internet
259:Joop van Oosterom
223:Regulatory bodies
90:
89:
82:
16:(Redirected from
3110:
3072:Chess portal
3070:
3069:
3013:Leela Chess Zero
2944:Oxford Companion
2896:early literature
2886:Chess aesthetics
2631:Pawnless endgame
2582:Bongcloud Attack
2560:List of openings
2532:Chigorin Defense
2470:GrĂŒnfeld Defence
2381:Sicilian Defence
2327:Ponziani Opening
2322:Philidor Defence
2317:Petrov's Defence
2259:King's Pawn Game
2232:Larsen's Opening
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653:Alexander Tolush
598:Jonathan Penrose
578:Igor Bondarevsky
517:OTB FIDE Master
511:OTB Grandmaster
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434:One move per day
115:chess forum, or
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2773:FIDE Grand Prix
2768:Chess World Cup
2722:
2718:Wrong rook pawn
2656:Lucena position
2598:
2548:
2465:Catalan Opening
2440:English Defence
2425:Budapest Gambit
2411:
2369:Austrian Attack
2253:
2222:English Opening
2184:
2180:School of chess
2163:Minority attack
2095:
2064:Queen sacrifice
1963:
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1820:White and Black
1815:Touch-move rule
1774:Perpetual check
1769:Fifty-move rule
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1152:Further reading
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553:Mikhail Umansky
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157:chess databases
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56:Please help to
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2741:Chess Olympiad
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2592:Scholar's mate
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2507:Queen's Gambit
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2494:
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2450:Benoni Defence
2445:Indian Defence
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2282:Modern Defence
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2212:Bird's Opening
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2143:Pawn structure
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1798:Pawn promotion
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1609:Hypermodernism
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1437:world rankings
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1258:External links
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716:plurality vote
700:Garry Kasparov
673:world champion
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640:Martin Kreuzer
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631:Roman Chytilek
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610:Duncan Suttles
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217:infinite chess
175:Main article:
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161:chess programs
159:and sometimes
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3052:Solving chess
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3042:Chess prodigy
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2686:triangulation
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2681:Tarrasch rule
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2641:Queen vs pawn
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2497:London System
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2455:Modern Benoni
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2435:Dutch Defence
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2312:King's Gambit
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2227:Grob's Attack
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2217:Dunst Opening
2215:
2213:
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2208:
2207:Benko Opening
2205:
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2200:
2199:Flank opening
2196:
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1704:Chess museums
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1672:Notable games
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1461:World records
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1432:Rating system
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683:also played.
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2998:Chess engine
2983:Chess boxing
2943:
2713:Wrong bishop
2565:theory table
2539:Torre Attack
2522:Slav Defence
2430:Colle System
2405:Scheveningen
2364:Pirc Defence
2307:Italian Game
2302:Giuoco Piano
2247:RĂ©ti Opening
2170:Piece values
2158:MarĂłczy Bind
2119:the exchange
2109:Compensation
2039:Interference
2029:Double check
1803:Time control
1790:
1764:by agreement
1692:grandmasters
1636:South Africa
1586:
1579:
1555:Score sheets
1501:Chess pieces
1408:Online chess
1392:
1354:Chess titles
1349:Chess theory
1296:CCN Archives
1249:
1231:
1216:, Batsford,
1213:
1207:, Chess Mail
1204:
1195:
1177:
1159:
1133:
1128:
1117:. Retrieved
1115:. Britannica
1106:
1095:. Retrieved
1085:
1074:. Retrieved
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980:. Retrieved
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946:
935:. Retrieved
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891:. Retrieved
881:
870:. Retrieved
860:
849:. Retrieved
839:
828:. Retrieved
818:
806:
786:
777:
763:Online chess
697:
689:FIDE top 100
663:
619:Janos Balogh
590:Jonny Hector
549:C.J.S. Purdy
545:Yakov Estrin
497:
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419:Time control
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321:Server-based
314:online chess
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188:grandmasters
180:
177:Chess engine
165:chess engine
149:
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133:
129:online chess
100:
99:
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70:October 2020
67:
48:
2928:Chess books
2728:Tournaments
2587:Fool's mate
2352:Vienna Game
2342:Scotch Game
2175:Prophylaxis
2091:Zwischenzug
2076:Undermining
2044:Overloading
2004:Combination
1853:descriptive
1548:Chess table
1543:Chess clock
1359:Grandmaster
1072:. chess.com
954:. chess.com
933:. chess.com
706:" over the
627:Jean HĂ©bert
602:Olita Rause
586:Curt Hansen
464:smartphones
366:Email-based
352:smartphones
306:daily chess
304:. The term
296:Daily chess
62:introducing
3092:Categories
3035:joke chess
2988:Chess club
2676:opposition
2138:Middlegame
2126:Initiative
2049:Pawn storm
2014:Deflection
1885:Key square
1875:Fianchetto
1808:Fast chess
1792:En passant
1484:chessboard
1198:, Batsford
1119:2023-11-18
1097:2023-11-18
1076:2023-11-27
1032:Chess Life
982:2020-07-29
958:2023-11-15
937:2023-11-15
909:game rules
907:Trappist-1
893:2023-11-25
872:2023-11-25
851:2023-11-15
830:2023-11-18
798:References
665:Paul Keres
623:Olaf Barda
384:snail mail
45:references
3018:Stockfish
3008:Deep Blue
3003:AlphaZero
2911:paintings
2703:Tablebase
2667:Strategy
2577:Irregular
2332:Ruy Lopez
2292:Open Game
2059:Sacrifice
2019:Desperado
1922:connected
1895:Open file
1890:King walk
1848:algebraic
1779:Stalemate
1754:Checkmate
1479:Chess set
1471:Equipment
1045:Biography
698:In 1999,
635:Bela Toth
557:Ivar Bern
406:The Hague
310:chess.com
194:Chess.com
139:Structure
3077:Category
3030:glossary
2691:Zugzwang
2671:fortress
2608:Endgames
2517:Declined
2512:Accepted
2190:Openings
2148:Hedgehog
2114:Exchange
2101:Strategy
2081:Windmill
1932:isolated
1917:backward
1739:Castling
1682:amateurs
1575:Timeline
1449:Variants
1403:Glossary
1386:software
1371:glossary
1252:, Gambit
1023:Archived
1010:Archived
722:See also
708:Internet
681:Max Euwe
669:Estonian
302:Internet
153:blunders
113:internet
2978:Arbiter
2971:Related
2828:Solving
2818:Amateur
2400:Najdorf
1982:Battery
1969:Tactics
1944:Swindle
1927:doubled
1907:Outpost
1838:Blunder
1653:Armenia
1567:History
1413:Premove
1381:engines
1376:matches
1341:Outline
58:improve
2916:poetry
2906:novels
2881:CaĂŻssa
2813:Senior
2803:Junior
2391:Dragon
2386:Alapin
2071:Skewer
1937:passed
1880:Gambit
1687:female
1648:Europe
1631:Africa
1526:Knight
1521:Bishop
1238:
1220:
1184:
1166:
1140:
470:Legacy
458:moves.
346:Mobile
47:, but
2863:WCSCC
2808:Youth
2798:Blitz
2793:Rapid
2783:Women
2746:Women
2698:Study
2553:Other
2086:X-ray
2009:Decoy
1994:Block
1949:Tempo
1912:Pawns
1830:Terms
1749:Check
1731:Rules
1665:India
1658:Spain
1643:China
1536:Fairy
1511:Queen
1442:norms
1333:Chess
1278:FICGS
769:Notes
667:, an
475:Chess
410:Breda
283:Types
117:email
105:chess
2901:film
2858:WCCC
2853:TCEC
2843:CSVN
2788:Team
2758:List
2034:Fork
1959:Trap
1759:Draw
1531:Pawn
1516:Rook
1506:King
1454:List
1423:list
1398:FIDE
1290:CCLA
1284:IECG
1270:ICCF
1264:IECC
1236:ISBN
1218:ISBN
1182:ISBN
1164:ISBN
1138:ISBN
679:and
244:FIDE
2838:CCC
2054:Pin
1858:PGN
360:SMS
358:or
121:fax
103:is
3094::
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