Knowledge (XXG)

Cotton library

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of great Use and Service for the Knowledge and Preservation of our Constitution both in Church and State which Manuscripts and other Writings were procured as well from Parts beyond the Seas as from severall Private Collectors of such Antiquities within this Realm are generally esteemed the best Collection of its Kind now any where extant And whereas the said Library has been preserved with the utmost Care and Diligence by the late Sir Thomas Cotton Son of the said Sir Robert and by Sir John Cotton of Westminster now living Grandson of the said Sir Robert and has been very much augmented and enlarged by them and lodged in a very proper Place in the said Sir Johns ancient Mansion House at Westminster which is very convenient for that Purpose And whereas the said Sir John Cotton in pursuance of the Desire and Intentions of his said Father and Grandfather is content and willing that the said Mansion House and Library should continue in his Family and Name and not be sold or otherwise disposed or imbezled and that the said Library should be kept and preserved by the Name of the Cottonian Library for Publick Use & Advantage....
363: 261: 491: 33: 2482: 2492: 106:, many priceless and ancient manuscripts that had belonged to the monastic libraries began to be disseminated among various owners, many of whom were unaware of the cultural value of the manuscripts. Cotton's skill lay in finding, purchasing and preserving these ancient documents. The leading scholars of the era, including 220:
Such important evidence was highly valuable at a time when the politics of the realm were historically disputed between king and Parliament. Sir Robert knew his library was of vital public interest and, although he made it freely available to consult, it made him an object of hostility on the part of
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Sir Robert Cotton late of Connington in the County of Huntingdon Baronett did at his own great Charge and Expense and by the Assistance of the most learned Antiquaries of his Time collect and purchase the most useful Manuscripts Written Books Papers Parchments and other Memorialls in most Languages
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According to scholar, Colin Tite, the system according to the busts was probably not in full effect until 1638; however there are notes that suggest that Sir Robert planned to arrange the library in this system before his death in 1631, but was probably, as Tite hypothesises, interrupted during the
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Strype thus mentions Cotton House: "In the passage out of Westminster Hall into Old Palace Yard, a little beyond the stairs going up to St. Stephen's Chapel, now the Parliament House" (that is, the present House of Commons), "is the house belonging to the ancient and noble family of the Cottons,
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within the resources of his time. The published report of this work is of major importance in bibliography. Copies of some of the lost works had been made, and many of those damaged could be restored in the nineteenth century. However, these early conservation efforts were not always successful:
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were acquired and added, so that these three became the museum's three "foundation collections". The Royal manuscripts were donated by George II in 1757. In 1973 all these collections passed to the newly established British Library. The British Library continues to organise its Cottonian books
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A Catalogue of the Manuscripts in the Cottonian Library. To Which Are Added Many Emendations and Additions. With an Appendix Containing an Account of the Damage Sustained by the Fire in 1731, and Also a Catalogue of the Charters Preserved in the Same
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Sir Robert Cotton had organised his library according to the case, shelf and position of a book within a room twenty-six feet long and six feet wide. Each bookcase in his library was surmounted by a bust of a historical personage, including
580:(Digital Research Laboratory for Medieval Manuscript Fragments), an international collaboration of libraries and research institutions to catalogue and collate vulnerable manuscript fragments, making them available for research under a 225:) and the library was closed on this pretext. Cotton was released on 15 November and the prosecution abandoned the following May, but the library remained shut up until after Sir Robert's death; it was restored to his son and heir, 232:
Sir Robert's library included his collection of books, manuscripts, coins and medallions. After his death the collection was maintained and added to by his son, Sir Thomas Cotton (d. 1662), and grandson, Sir John Cotton (d. 1702).
641:. In total, he had fourteen busts, and his scheme involved a designation of bust name/shelf letter/volume number from left end. Thus, the two most famous of the manuscripts from the Cotton library are "Cotton Vitellius A.xv" and " 143:
In 1731 the collection was badly damaged by a fire in which 13 manuscripts were completely destroyed, and some 200 seriously damaged. The most important Anglo-Saxon manuscripts had already been copied; the original text of
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On 23 October 1731, fire broke out in Ashburnham House, in which 13 manuscripts were lost, while over 200 others faced severe destruction and water damage. Bentley escaped while clutching the priceless
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At the time of the Dissolution of the Monasteries, official state records and important papers were poorly kept, and often retained privately, neglected or destroyed by public officers.
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wherein is kept a most inestimable library of manuscript volumes found both at home and abroad." Sir Christopher Wren describes the house in his time as in "a very ruinous condition."
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An Act for the better Settling and Preserving the Library kept in the House at Westminster, called Cotton-house, in the Name and Family of the Cottons, for the Benefit of the Publick.
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upon his death in 1702. At this time, Great Britain did not have a national library, and the transfer of the Cotton library to the nation became the basis of what is now the
2903: 560: 1173:"COTTON, Rowland (1581-1634), of Crooked Lane, London; later of Alkington Hall, Whitchurch and Bellaport Hall, Norton-in-Hales, Salop | History of Parliament Online" 1123:"COTTON, Rowland (1581-1634), of Crooked Lane, London; later of Alkington Hall, Whitchurch and Bellaport Hall, Norton-in-Hales, Salop | History of Parliament Online" 2301: 2261: 1464: 3169: 2958: 2528: 226: 65: 1935: 2046: 1814:"Cotton Manuscripts Project: This project assisted the British Library in updating the catalogues of the manuscript library of Sir Robert Cotton (1586-1631)" 757: 221:
the government. On 3 November 1629 he was arrested for disseminating a pamphlet held to be seditious (it had actually been written fifteen years earlier by
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and was a valuable resource and meeting-place not only for antiquarians and scholars but also for politicians and jurists of various persuasions, including
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led by Christina Duffy to scan and upload images of previously illegible early English manuscripts damaged in the fire. Images will form part of
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bungled attempts to clean the Magna Carta exemplification rendered it largely illegible to the naked eye. More recently, advances in
2521: 2376: 2211: 1772: 1636: 478:(now "Royal" manuscripts at the British Library). Ashburnham House also became the residence of the keeper of the king's libraries, 3045: 2597: 1920: 3159: 2831: 2412: 2141: 2083: 875: 136: 2753: 2659: 2583: 2447: 2361: 2356: 1733: 1172: 1122: 103: 674:, the librarian of Sir John Cotton, Sir Robert Cotton's grandson. The library's official catalogue was published in 1802 by 122:
acted as his librarian. The library is of special importance for having preserved the only copy of several works, including
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MP (1571–1631). The collection of books and materials Sir Robert held was one of the three "foundation collections" of the
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c. 30), under which the trustees removed the collections from the ruinous Cotton House, whose site is now covered by the
2841: 2777: 2739: 2677: 2514: 2457: 2126: 1468: 2813: 2749: 2462: 1925: 1894: 1807: 1354:(Rot. Parl. 12 § 13 Gul. III. p. 1. n. 7). Vol. 7: 1695–1701. Great Britain Record Commission. pp. 642–643. 1567: 2899: 2763: 2729: 2707: 2608: 2495: 1975: 3086: 2845: 2769: 2703: 2191: 1889: 675: 1248: 1198: 1100: 563:, as one of the statutory trustees of the library, directed and personally supervised a remarkable programme of 3049: 2803: 2693: 2641: 2485: 1884: 1828: 490: 441:. The early history of the collection is laid out in the introductory recitals to the British Museum Act 1700 ( 222: 3030: 2889: 3174: 2921: 2711: 2651: 2578: 2156: 2051: 1798: 119: 3053: 2931: 2593: 2588: 2467: 2391: 953: 749: 671: 210: 40:
are one example of the valuable and prestigious works collected by Sir Robert Cotton. They are now in the
659:) and "Go to the bust of Nero, top shelf, tenth book" for the manuscript containing all the works of the 2968: 2797: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2697: 2645: 2176: 2111: 2036: 1950: 920: 789: 584: 375: 367: 273: 265: 171: 85: 2927: 2821: 2733: 2635: 2612: 2286: 2106: 1755: 898: 842: 813: 523: 463: 459: 194: 146: 130: 1376: 3076: 3035: 2948: 2743: 2683: 2655: 2568: 2336: 2256: 2216: 2181: 2171: 2136: 2067: 2021: 2001: 1874: 1054: 934: 883: 744: 37: 1233: 335: 2351: 2331: 2321: 2266: 2246: 2241: 2131: 2121: 2016: 1940: 1879: 1683: 1299: 518: 505: 454:
The acquisition of the collection was better secured and managed by the British Museum Act 1706 (
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in 1753. It is now one of the major collections of the Department of Manuscripts of the
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A Catalogue of the Manuscripts in the Cottonian Library Deposited in the British Museum
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In 1696, the first printed catalogue of the Cotton library's holdings was published by
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An Act for the better securing Her Majesties Purchase of Cotton House in Westminster.
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An Act for the better securing her Majesty's Purchase of Cotton House in Westminster.
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was the output of concerns of both sides to secure the Library of Old Sir Rowland at
107: 474:, a little west of the Palace of Westminster. From 1707 the library also housed the 2999: 2506: 2116: 1970: 1418: 1022: 869: 650: 405: 301: 187: 179: 115: 89: 61: 678:, which remained the standard guide to the library's contents until modern times. 1447: 1679: 1591:
Murray, Stuart. 2009. The library: an illustrated history. Chicago, ALA Editions
700: 546: 538: 206: 198: 57: 2835: 1223: 913: 660: 167: 77: 3130: 3117: 1985: 1304:. Vol. 3. London: Cassel, Petter & Galpin. 1878. pp. 491–502. 646: 638: 622: 17: 1646: 174:, and they were connected to the polymath and sixteenth century statesman 774: 599:, under the Act of Parliament which established it. At the same time the 202: 93: 1027: 719: 655: 649:, top shelf (A), and count fifteen over" for the volume containing the 529: 124: 1687: 433:
Sir Robert's grandson, Sir John Cotton, donated the Cotton library to
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under one arm, a scene witnessed and later described in a letter to
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A Report from the Committee Appointed to View the Cottonian Library
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B.xi.2 fragment of a copy of the Parker Chronicle (ASC G or A, the
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is a collection of manuscripts that came into the hands of the
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Downer, L. J. (1972). "Introduction". In Downer, L. J. (ed.).
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By 1622, his house and library stood immediately north of the
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was heavily damaged. Also severely damaged was the Byzantine
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A.ix fragment of the Bilingual Canterbury Epitome (ASC H),
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Former buildings and structures in the City of Westminster
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Wiener Library for the Study of the Holocaust and Genocide
1492:"Revealing hidden information using multispectral imaging" 482:(1662–1742), a renowned theologian and classical scholar. 553:, was shrivelled in the fire, and its seal badly melted. 667:
implementation by the closure of the library in 1629.
645:". In Cotton's own day, that meant "Under the bust of 595:
In 1753 the Cotton library was transferred to the new
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Collection of manuscripts held by the British Library
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Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons (1732).
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The Lives of John Selden, Esq., and Archbishop Usher
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of a 12th-century legal treatise, copied around 1310
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photography have enabled imaging specialists at the
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(probably by 498:was badly damaged in the Ashburnam House fire. 2959:Francis Skaryna Belarusian Library and Museum 2522: 1836: 1274:"Radio Shropshire - Listen Live - BBC Sounds" 8: 1986:Todd-Bowden Collection of Tauchnitz Editions 1796:British Library Digitized Manuscripts Online 1662:De Iniusta Vexacione Willelmi Episcopi Primi 1377:"Their Present Miserable State of Cremation" 758:De Iniusta Vexacione Willelmi Episcopi Primi 1707:The Manuscript Library of Sir Robert Cotton 2869: 2548: 2529: 2515: 2507: 2372:Turner Collection of Railway Letter Stamps 1864: 1843: 1829: 1821: 1298:"LVIII: The Royal Palace of Westminster". 1148:"The (Almost) Complete Cotton Family Tree" 345: 243: 2367:Turner Collection of Newspaper Tax Stamps 1599: 1597: 1060:List of manuscripts in the Cotton library 688:List of manuscripts in the Cotton library 1816:. University of Sheffield. 11 July 1997. 1631:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 48. 1071: 541:. One of the collection's two original 1323:. Washington: Folger. pp. 268ff. 1232:. London: Mathews and Leigh. pp.  812:Additional Glosses to the Glossary in 787:A.viii: Bilingual Canterbury Epitome ( 2302:Postal Authority Publicity Collection 1547:British Library: Medieval Manuscripts 1413: 1411: 336:Text of statute as originally enacted 7: 3170:Libraries in the City of Westminster 2974:Polish Institute and Sikorski Museum 2491: 2232:Imperial War Museum stamp collection 1660:Offler, H. S. (1951). "The Tractate 1087: 1085: 1083: 1081: 1079: 1077: 1075: 166:The Cotton family were prominent in 118:, came to use Sir Robert's library. 1392:The Library: An Illustrated History 2207:H.M. Customs and Excise Collection 25: 2212:H.M. Stationery Office Collection 1779:. British Library. Archived from 1724:Wright, Christopher, ed. (1997). 1568:"Manuscripts: Closed Collections" 1467:. British Library. Archived from 1423:Magna Carta: Law, Liberty, Legacy 1421:; Harrison, Julian, eds. (2015). 1319:Berkowitz, David Sandler (1988). 1177:www.historyofparliamentonline.org 1127:www.historyofparliamentonline.org 959:B.i Abingdon Chronicle II (ASC C) 948:A.vi Abingdon Chronicle I (ASC B) 2598:Dana Research Centre and Library 2537:Libraries and archives in London 2490: 2481: 2480: 1496:British Library: Collection Care 962:B.iv Worcester Chronicle (ASC D) 361: 259: 2413:Oral History of British Science 2237:Inland Revenue Stamping Archive 2187:Foreign and Commonwealth Office 2142:Contributions Agency Collection 876:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 608:according to the famous busts. 561:Speaker of the House of Commons 137:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 2754:Islington Local History Centre 2660:The Library at Willesden Green 2362:Turner Collection of Forgeries 2357:Treasury Excise Correspondence 2222:Harrison & Sons Collection 1726:Sir Robert Cotton as Collector 104:Dissolution of the Monasteries 1: 3005:London Action Resource Centre 2918:University of the Arts London 2688:Westminster Reference Library 2408:British Library Sound Archive 1808:British Library Images Online 1667:The English Historical Review 1390:Murray, Stuart A. P. (2009). 1321:John Selden's Formative Years 1247:nortoninhales (2 June 2017). 1197:nortoninhales (2 June 2017). 322:Statute Law Revision Act 1948 2678:London Metropolitan Archives 2307:R.P.S.L. Handouts Collection 2262:Landmark Trust Lundy Archive 2127:Campbell-Johnston Collection 1961:Leyden Medical Dissertations 921:copy of Winchester Chronicle 2964:Library for Iranian Studies 1895:National Reports Collection 1728:. London: British Library. 1610:The British Library Journal 1344:Raithby, John, ed. (1820). 725:A.xv Easter Table Chronicle 527:was destroyed, and that of 80:family who originated near 3191: 2900:London School of Economics 2764:Kensington Central Library 2609:Victoria and Albert Museum 2007:Coptic Language Collection 1976:Suppressed Safe collection 1705:Tite, Colin G. C. (1994). 1604:Tite, Colin G. C. (1980). 1249:"History of Norton Parish" 1199:"History of Norton Parish" 685: 591:British Museum and Library 343:United Kingdom legislation 241:United Kingdom legislation 3155:Middle English literature 3087:Grosvenor Gallery Library 2846:Battersea Central Library 2668:(Artizan Street Library, 2476: 2192:Foreign Office Collection 1680:10.1093/ehr/LXVI.CCLX.321 360: 355: 258: 253: 99:in the mid 16th century. 92:publisher, statesman and 3050:House of Commons Library 2347:Supplementary Collection 1885:Francis Place Collection 856:Ælfric's Lives of Saints 395:(Ruffhead: 5 Ann. c. 30) 2922:Stanley Kubrick Archive 2712:Croydon Central Library 2579:National Poetry Library 2157:Crown Agents Collection 2052:Stefan Zweig Collection 1801:10 October 2023 at the 1754:Planta, Joseph (1802). 1749:. London: Hooper. 1777. 928:De creatore et creatura 850:Old English Martyrology 551:Cotton Charter XIII.31A 350:British Museum Act 1706 248:British Museum Act 1700 150:was completely burned. 3160:Old English literature 3054:House of Lords Library 3025:Lambeth Palace Library 2932:Senate House Libraries 2760:Kensington and Chelsea 2589:Parliamentary Archives 2584:Natural History Museum 2418:St Mary-le-Bow Debates 2392:Wilson-Todd Collection 975:Ecclesiastical History 750:illuminated manuscript 511:Charlotte, Lady Sundon 499: 452: 45: 3031:Dr Williams's Library 2969:Marx Memorial Library 2890:King's College London 2798:Upper Norwood Library 2724:Upper Norwood Library 2720:South Norwood Library 2716:New Addington Library 2698:Swiss Cottage Library 2646:East Finchley Library 2604:The National Archives 2297:Photograph Collection 2177:Fitzgerald Collection 2112:Bojanowicz Collection 2037:Lansdowne manuscripts 1951:Harold Pinter Archive 1394:. Chicago: Skyhouse. 1351:Statutes of the Realm 790:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 585:public domain license 493: 486:Ashburnham House fire 447: 368:Parliament of England 266:Parliament of England 35: 3131:51.52944°N 0.12694°W 2928:University of London 2822:John Harvard Library 2734:Muswell Hill Library 2680:, Shoe Lane Library) 2636:Valence House Museum 2632:Barking and Dagenham 2613:National Art Library 2287:Muraleetharan Papers 2152:Crown Agents Archive 2107:Blackburn Collection 1773:"Cotton manuscripts" 1103:on 12 September 2016 1093:"Cotton Manuscripts" 1010:De duodecim abusivis 989:Ælfwine's Prayerbook 967:Labour of the Months 912:B.x.165 Anglo-Saxon 899:The Battle of Maldon 843:Julius Work Calendar 682:Selected manuscripts 524:The Battle of Maldon 521:. The manuscript of 460:Houses of Parliament 195:Houses of Parliament 170:, and their seat at 147:The Battle of Maldon 131:The Battle of Maldon 88:and employed by the 3127: /  3077:British War Library 3036:Evangelical Library 2949:Bishopsgate Library 2884:Abdus Salam Library 2752:(Finsbury Library, 2684:City of Westminster 2656:Kensal Rise Library 2569:Imperial War Museum 2458:Preservation Office 2337:Sherborn Collection 2257:Langmead Collection 2217:Harrison Collection 2182:Fletcher Collection 2172:Feldheim Collection 2137:Chinchen Collection 2068:Beudeker Collection 2022:Harleian Collection 2002:Arundel Manuscripts 1981:Thomason Collection 1875:Ettridge Collection 1629:Leges Henrici Primi 1452:. House of Commons. 1055:Harleian Collection 954:Hemming's Cartulary 935:Otho-Corpus Gospels 916:(destroyed in 1731) 902:(destroyed in 1731) 884:Lindisfarne Gospels 745:Leges Henrici Primi 462:. It went first to 443:13 & 14 Will. 3 289:13 & 14 Will. 3 76:. Cotton was of a 66:Robert Bruce Cotton 38:Lindisfarne Gospels 3136:51.52944; -0.12694 2352:Tapling Collection 2332:Shelley Collection 2322:Seymour Collection 2267:McInroy Collection 2247:Kaluski Collection 2242:Johnson Collection 2197:General Collection 2132:Chismon Collection 2122:Burnett Collection 2032:King's manuscripts 2017:Egerton Collection 1941:Garrick Collection 1926:Durrell Collection 1890:Jaffray Collection 1880:Evanion Collection 1760:. London: Hansard. 1490:Duffy, Christina. 1463:Duffy, Christina. 1301:Old and New London 519:Westminster School 506:Codex Alexandrinus 500: 237:Gift to the nation 178:who published the 84:and were based in 46: 3110: 3109: 3092:Limehouse Library 3063: 3062: 3021:Church of England 2859: 2858: 2794:Streatham Library 2708:Ashburton Library 2674:Guildhall Library 2504: 2503: 2426: 2425: 2382:Walker Collection 2377:U.P.U. Collection 2292:Murray Collection 2282:Mosely Collection 2202:Ginger Collection 2162:Davies Collection 2102:Bailey Collection 2084:Burney Collection 2047:Syriac Collection 2042:Stowe manuscripts 2027:Royal manuscripts 2012:Cotton Collection 1946:Hannas Collection 1931:Eccles Collection 1921:Dexter Collection 1777:Collection Guides 1541:Dunning, Andrew. 1003:Vespasian Psalter 829:Athelstan Psalter 605:Harley Collection 601:Sloane Collection 476:Old Royal Library 431: 430: 356:Act of Parliament 341: 340: 311:Other legislation 254:Act of Parliament 227:Sir Thomas Cotton 223:Sir Robert Dudley 54:Cottonian library 16:(Redirected from 3182: 3142: 3141: 3139: 3138: 3137: 3132: 3128: 3125: 3124: 3123: 3120: 3068:Former libraries 2979:Wellcome Library 2954:Feminist Library 2880:Imperial College 2870: 2786:Lambeth Archives 2778:Carnegie Library 2670:Barbican Library 2574:National Gallery 2549: 2543:Public libraries 2531: 2524: 2517: 2508: 2494: 2493: 2484: 2483: 2453:Panizzi Lectures 2342:Smith Collection 2327:Scott Collection 2277:Monks Collection 2272:Model Collection 2147:Crawford Library 1865: 1845: 1838: 1831: 1822: 1817: 1792: 1790: 1788: 1761: 1750: 1739: 1720: 1692: 1691: 1674:(260): 321–341. 1657: 1651: 1650: 1624: 1618: 1617: 1601: 1592: 1589: 1583: 1582: 1580: 1578: 1564: 1558: 1557: 1555: 1553: 1538: 1532: 1531: 1529: 1527: 1513: 1507: 1506: 1504: 1502: 1487: 1481: 1480: 1478: 1476: 1460: 1454: 1453: 1443: 1437: 1436: 1415: 1406: 1405: 1387: 1381: 1380: 1373: 1367: 1362: 1356: 1355: 1341: 1335: 1334: 1316: 1310: 1309: 1295: 1289: 1288: 1286: 1284: 1270: 1264: 1263: 1261: 1259: 1244: 1238: 1237: 1220: 1214: 1213: 1211: 1209: 1194: 1188: 1187: 1185: 1183: 1169: 1163: 1162: 1160: 1158: 1152:Combermere Abbey 1144: 1138: 1137: 1135: 1133: 1119: 1113: 1112: 1110: 1108: 1099:. Archived from 1089: 582:Creative Commons 543:exemplifications 517:, headmaster of 472:Ashburnham House 426:Status: Repealed 365: 364: 351: 346: 329:Status: Repealed 263: 262: 249: 244: 215:Thomas Wentworth 176:Sir Rowland Hill 97:Sir Rowland Hill 21: 3190: 3189: 3185: 3184: 3183: 3181: 3180: 3179: 3145: 3144: 3135: 3133: 3129: 3126: 3121: 3118: 3116: 3114: 3113: 3111: 3106: 3102:Woodlands House 3069: 3059: 3009: 2988: 2937: 2908:Women's Library 2894:Maughan Library 2865: 2864:Other libraries 2855: 2826:Peckham Library 2818:Dulwich Library 2808:Mitcham Library 2782:Durning Library 2774:Brixton Library 2618: 2559:British Library 2544: 2538: 2535: 2505: 2500: 2472: 2422: 2396: 2387:Williams Papers 2317:Ryan Collection 2227:Heys Collection 2167:Ewen Collection 2088: 2072: 2056: 1990: 1936:Ediciones Vigía 1899: 1860: 1854: 1852:British Library 1849: 1812: 1803:Wayback Machine 1786: 1784: 1771: 1768: 1753: 1742: 1736: 1723: 1717: 1704: 1701: 1696: 1695: 1659: 1658: 1654: 1639: 1626: 1625: 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Index

Cotton Fire

Lindisfarne Gospels
British Library
antiquarian
bibliophile
Robert Bruce Cotton
British Museum
British Library
Shropshire
Wem
Alkington
Geneva Bible
polymath
Sir Rowland Hill
Dissolution of the Monasteries
Francis Bacon
Walter Raleigh
James Ussher
Richard James
Beowulf
The Battle of Maldon
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
The Battle of Maldon
Shropshire
Alkington
Sir Rowland Hill
Geneva Bible
Battle of Wem
Soulton Hall

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