92:
1127:: "Les documents qui éclairent les origines du prélat — documents diplomatiques faux ou suspects, sources narratives très tardives — sont loin d’offrir toutes les garanties. Nous estimons cependant que leur témoignage se fait l’écho d’une tradition basée sur la réalité." Vaes, following Baerten, emphasizes that in 1031, Bishop Reginard, Balderic II's successor, describes a grant made in the previous generation where Gislebert was named as both brother to Balderic and count of Loon. Kupper says that this document is also a false copy, though probably based on an older real act. "Cet acte est un faux qui se base probablement sur un document de 1026-1028"
503:
638:, but they do not give exact relationships. The only medieval source to mention a parent for Count Giselbert is the chronicle of the Abbey of St Truiden, which names his father as Otto. However this was written centuries later and is not considered reliable. Not only is the parentage of Giselbert, Arnulf and Balderic uncertain, but also their connection to the next two count brothers, Emmo and Otto, is considered uncertain. They may be the sons of either Giselbert or Arnulf.
817:, which was nearby. However, in 1830, Belgium was created, splitting the Kingdom, and the position of Limburg and Luxemburg became a cause of conflict between the two resulting Kingdoms. In 1839, under international arbitration, it was finally decided to split Limburg and Luxemburg into their two modern parts. The western part of Limburg, corresponds roughly to the old County of Loon, and became part of Belgium. Both parts kept their new name of Limburg.
490:
78:
604:, the forerunners of later France and Germany, contested for control, together with the local magnates. By the year 1000, the area was under lasting control of the eastern kingdom, and royal power in the Haspengouw region was partly in the hands of the prince bishops of Liège, who had been enfeoffed by the emperor of at least two significant Haspengouw counties,
1122:
Although all of the charters which describe the brothers as siblings of bishop
Balderic II of Liège are later forgeries, there is considered to be enough evidence to be accept this relationship. There are many mentions of the relationship, and medieval forgeries were often wholly or partly based on
595:
Like many of counties in the region, records mentioning counts of Loon begin in the early 11th century, but these give almost no indication of how the county came to be and what its original boundaries and institutions it encompassed. The immediately preceding generations had seen many rebellions,
586:
All three of these components can be found in the modern province of
Limburg. However, the early county did not have a simple geographical form. The counts excerised a changing bundle of rights and duties in scattered locations which extended outside the core area, while other landholders also had
391:, and by 1190 the count had come under the bishop's overlordship. In the fourteenth century the male line ended for a second time, at which point the prince-bishops themselves took over the county directly. Loon approximately represented the Dutch-speaking (archaic
91:
667:
Count Arnold (or Arnulf) I, the son of Emmo, is according to
Baerten (1969 p. 40), the first Count of Loon for whom we can discuss any political activity. In 1106 he was able to strengthen his position, when he acquired the possessions of the extinct
1106:
645:
land in key places in the County of Loon. Her possessions cannot be explained by her proposed ancestry, or her known husband, and so it has long been suggested that she must have first married a Count Arnold, because he is presumed to have had no heirs.
769:
in 1227, and brought the main line of the counts of Loon to the high point of its territorial expansion. The comital male line became extinct with the death of Louis IV of Loon in 1336 and the Loon and Chiny estates were at first inherited by the noble
627:) of Loon was the 11th century Giselbert (modern English and French "Gilbert"). He had two brothers, Count Arnulf, who appears to have been the last secular count of Haspinga, and bishop Balderic II of Liège.
734:
in 1179. In 1193 he also acquired the county of Duras and advocacy of the abbey of Sint-Truiden, but had to accept
Brabant's suzerainty over those lands. This area gave power over abbey lands in
612:. A third one, "Haspinga", came into the hands of the bishop in 1040. There is no consensus over what territory it encompassed, and it may have even included lordship over all or part of Loon.
718:
Count Gerard (sometimes incorrectly called Gerard "II"), the next count of Loon and
Rieneck, fortified Brustem and Kolmont, and moved the capital of the county to Kuringen. There he founded
829:(doubted). Named as count of Loon in a much later St Truiden Abbey account of his son Baldric II's installation as Bishop of Liège in 1008. His existence is doubted, for example by Baerten.
664:, perhaps through his wife Oda. The county of Duras was inherited by Otto's son Giselbert, and in turn by his son Otto. It eventually became part of Loon, under Count Gerard in the 1190s.
493:
This map shows the medieval County of Loon in red, with modern provincial (grey) and national borders (black). The light red zones were under Loon and another lord jointly.
849:
was ancestor of the counts of Duras, but the brothers were collectively called counts of Loon in this generation. It is uncertain who the parents of the two brothers was.
779:
835:(count at least 1015-1036), he and his brother Arnold were both referred to as counts in Haspengouw, and Giselbert was specifically referred to as count of Loon.
1097:
Haspengouw", which had been the possession of count Arnold, understood to be the brother of Count
Giselbert of Loon, also known as Arnulf. With this charter
1452:
1457:
1196:
641:
Another important charter in discussions about the origins of the County of Loon is the 1078 grant by
Countess Ermengarde to the Bishop of Liège, of
105:
654:
In the generation after the 3 brothers
Balderic, Gilbert, and Arnulf, Count Emmo became the next count of Loon while his brother Count Otto was
1278:
Jongbloed, Hein H (2009), "Listige Immo en
Herswind. Een politieke wildebras in het Maasdal (938-960) en zijn in Thorn rustende dochter",
1102:
1477:
1036:
1026:
1008:
524:
From the earliest mentions, the counts of Loon exercised power in three distinct geographical areas, with different medieval names.
1385:
1312:
1064:
810:
479:
1249:"Immed "von Kleve" (um 950) : Das erste Klevische Grafenhaus (ca, 885 - ca. 1015) als Vorstufe des geldrischen Fürstentums"
1462:
1227:
938:
304:
279:
966:
1191:
996:
225:
600:
had been part of a separate "middle" kingdom, but it no longer had a king. The eastern and western kingdoms of the old
631:
399:) part of the princedom. All of the Dutch-speaking towns in the Prince-Bishopric, with the status of being so-called "
886:
813:
in 1815, and received its modern name of
Limburg as a way for the kingdom to preserve the old title of the medieval
904:
890:
1472:
920:
451:
388:
1408:
944:
934:
928:
900:
866:
759:
755:
751:
677:
726:
rule. In Loon, the enduring conflict with his Liège overlords culminated in an 1179 campaign by Prince-Bishop
1029:(1361–1362), nephew, son of John of Heinsberg, married Philippa, daughter of Count William V of Jülich, also
482:. In 1839, the old territory of Loon became the approximate basis of a new province, Limburg, within the new
470:. Loon and other Liège lordships only joined their neighbours when they all became part of France during the
1447:
988:
975:
896:
852:
747:
673:
793:
in 1795, the county of Loon was also disbanded and an adjusted version of the territory became part of the
1467:
876:
860:
727:
635:
962:
947:(1227–1273), another grandson of Gerard and son of Count Gerard of Rieneck, married Joanna, daughter of
846:
802:
794:
790:
242:
1322:
630:
Medieval records note that Giselbert and his brothers were related by blood to local nobility, such as
1396:
Handelingen van de Koninklijke Zuidnederlandsche Maatschappij voor Taal- en Letterkunde en Geschiednis
914:
1394:
Verhelst, Karel (1984), "Een nieuwe visie op de omvang en indeling van de pagus Hasbania (part 1)",
746:, effectively defining what is today still the southwestern border of Belgian Limburg. Gerard's son
502:
77:
826:
798:
601:
340:
297:
133:
789:) within Liège, whose prince-bishops assumed the comital title. When the bishopric was annexed by
715:(now in St Truiden), which came under threat as a Loon enclave surrounded by the County of Duras.
1267:
832:
483:
475:
911:
1203 - 1207, followed by his brothers as guardians of his minor nephews Louis III and Arnold IV:
1381:
1308:
1141:
1098:
1040:
1012:
983:
948:
924:
771:
669:
597:
471:
412:
369:
365:
186:
143:
109:
1210:
1337:
1298:
1259:
970:
908:
814:
719:
563:
754:. The counties of Rieneck and Loon were re-united eventually under Gerard of Rieneck's son
1361:
1044:
1030:
1020:
992:
979:
956:
661:
567:
548:
404:
392:
355:
59:
855:(count at least 1090-1125), son of Emmo, married Agnes, daughter and heiress of Gerard,
1248:
870:
863:. (His contemporary, another Giselbert, the son of his uncle Otto, was count in Duras.)
782:
nevertheless seized Loon and finally incorporated it into the Liège territory in 1366.
688:
575:
489:
444:
335:
325:
45:
1211:"Les origines des comtes de Looz et la formation territoriale du comté (suite et fin)"
1441:
1271:
941:, also Count of Rieneck 1221 - 1243, renounced Loon in favour of his younger brother.
838:
711:. He strengthened the fort there and gave the city freedoms. He also did the same in
605:
455:
440:
420:
562:
The southern part was mainly within the Dutch-speaking part of the fertile hills of
376:. During the middle ages the counts moved their court to a more central position in
1076:
See for example Vaes p.119. The Dutch speaking cities were specifically called the
743:
735:
432:
424:
1263:
1093:, p. 248). A charter dated 24 Jan 1040 mentions a "county of Haspinga in the
372:. It was named after the original seat of its count, Loon, which is today called
723:
609:
516:
463:
400:
163:
841:(d.1078), clearly called "count of Loon" in own lifetime. His brother Otto, an
529:
511:
1423:
1410:
17:
1303:
1016:
879:(1139–1171), son of Arnold II, married Agnes, daughter of Count Folmar V of
842:
775:
656:
556:
212:
1341:
528:
A northeastern part of Loon was in or near the Maas river valley, north of
1292:
856:
806:
731:
377:
373:
350:
284:
119:
1063:
Count Gerard of Loon declared himself to hold Loon of the Bishop, in an
1192:"Les origines des comtes de Looz et la formation territoriale du comté"
712:
704:
700:
543:
459:
436:
428:
381:
368:, which corresponded approximately with the modern Belgian province of
123:
708:
534:
416:
153:
765:
By marriage, Count Arnold IV acquired the French-speaking County of
1349:
1323:"La donation de la comtesse Ermengarde à l'Église de Liège (1078)"
952:
766:
739:
696:
660:
of the Abbey of St Truiden, and the ancestor of the first line of
642:
501:
488:
454:, Loon never formally became part of the unified lordship of the "
199:
466:, and continued to unite almost all of today's Belgium under the
880:
703:, both in modern Germany. He increased Loon's territory adding
411:), were in Loon, and are in Belgian Limburg today. These were
1369:
La formation territoriale des principautés belges au Moyen Age
450:
Like other areas which eventually came under the power of the
995:(as Louis VI) since 1313, married Margaret, daughter of Duke
758:, but he then divided them again, giving Loon to his brother
1111:
comitatum Arnoldi comitis nomine Haspinga in pago Haspingowi
1080:, where "thioise" is an old word related to English "Dutch".
778:
with the consent of the Liège bishop. In 1362 Prince-Bishop
1011:(or Diederik, or Thierry), (1336–1361) son of Gottfried of
1280:
Jaarboek. Limburgs Geschied- en Oudheidkundig Genootschap
387:
From its beginnings, Loon was associated with the nearby
1136:
Baerten, ‘Origines’, pp. 459-60. The primary record is
1047:(as Arnold IV), claimant, renounced in favour of Liege,
555:), which was often still referred to by the Roman term
889:(1171–1191), son, married Adelaide, daughter of Count
676:
which was at Borgloon during the middle ages. His son
1152:
1019:
and Mechtild of Loon, sister of Count Louis IV, also
1256:
Annalen des historischen Vereins für den Niederrhein
596:
confiscations, and expulsions. The larger region of
1164:For example by Vanderkindere, Baerten, and Kupper.
235:
222:
209:
196:
183:
173:
159:
149:
139:
129:
115:
101:
32:
730:, whose troops devastated the county's capital at
1330:Bulletin de la Commission royale d'Histoire Année
1033:and Lord of Heinsberg, sold the comital title to:
672:through his marriage. He also probably built the
1294:Liège et l'Église impériale aux XIe-XIIe siècles
1239:Jongbloed (2008), "Flamenses in de elfde eeuw",
1138:Gestorum Abbatem Trudonensium Continuatio Tertia
965:(1273–1279), son, married Matilda, daughter of
917:(1218), another son of Gerard, died soon after.
683:The son and heir of Arnold II was Louis (Dutch
541:The northwestern part of Loon was in the sandy
691:by charter dated 1135, and was count of Loon,
1105:in Liège. (It can be seen at MGH DD H III 35
805:to the east of the Maas. After the defeat of
96:The Low Countries around 1250, Loon in yellow
8:
51:
750:was heir, but Rieneck went to another son,
37:
1378:De Graven van Loon. Loons, Luiks, Limburgs
869:(count in 1135), son of Arnold I. Founded
615:The first generally accepted count (Dutch
90:
29:
27:State of the Holy Roman Empire (1040–1795)
1302:
923:(1218–1221), another son of Gerard, also
809:, the département became part of the new
1090:
937:(1221–1227), grandson of Gerard, son of
1215:Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire
1197:Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire
1056:
785:The county remained a separate entity (
1229:Het Graafschap Loon (11de - 14de eeuw)
1165:
1124:
927:, married Adelaide, daughter of Duke
478:, they remained connected in the new
349:
334:
234:
221:
208:
195:
182:
172:
168:
7:
722:, for women living according to the
506:Map of the Bishopric of Liège with '
1297:, Presses universitaires de Liège,
1453:Former states in the Low Countries
25:
1458:Counties of the Holy Roman Empire
1153:Souvereyns & Bijsterveld 2008
982:1299 - 1313, married Margaret of
811:United Kingdom of the Netherlands
680:, founded the Abbey of Averbode.
582:) which includes Borgloon itself.
538:. This included Maaseik and Bree.
480:United Kingdom of the Netherlands
458:" which united almost all of the
1380:, Davidsfonds/Clauwaert V.Z.W.,
1354:Limburg - Het Oude Land van Loon
1348:Souvereyns; Bijsterveld (2008),
1003:Male line extinct, succeeded by:
707:(now in Tongeren) together with
302:
277:
76:
1241:Bijdragen en Mededelingen Gelre
1168:discusses this grant in detail.
1:
1264:10.7788/annalen.2006.209.1.13
1360:Vanderkindere, Léon (1902),
1350:"Deel 1: De graven van Loon"
380:, which today forms part of
1321:Kupper, Jean-Louis (2013),
1291:Kupper, Jean-Louis (1981),
1247:Jongbloed, Hein H. (2006),
1101:granted this county to the
967:William IV, Count of Jülich
632:Lambert I, Count of Louvain
384:, capital of the province.
1494:
1478:History of Belgian Limburg
1371:, vol. 2, p. 128
1103:Cathedral of Saint-Lambert
899:(1191–1218), son, married
780:Engelbert III of the Marck
587:rights within that area.
336:[ˈɣraːfsxɑpˈloːn]
256:
252:
169:
89:
73:
68:
939:Gerard, Count of Rieneck
752:Gerard, Count of Rieneck
678:Arnold II, Count of Loon
351:[ˈɣʀaːfʃɑpˈluən]
1304:10.4000/books.pulg.1472
997:Theobald II of Lorraine
991:(1323–1336), son, also
978:(1279–1323), son, also
969:, secondly Isabelle de
674:motte-and-bailey castle
224:• Incorporated by
175:• First mentioned
1463:1795 disestablishments
1342:10.3406/bcrh.2013.4098
1226:Baerten, Jean (1969),
1123:older real documents.
1023:and Lord of Heinsberg.
636:Arnulf of Valenciennes
579:
571:
552:
521:
494:
452:Prince Bishop of Liège
408:
396:
389:Prince-bishop of Liège
364:) was a county in the
359:
344:
329:
52:
38:
847:Abbey of Sint-Truiden
505:
492:
130:Common languages
949:Louis IV the Younger
903:, daughter of Count
791:Revolutionary France
1420: /
1067:. See Vaes pp.32-3.
905:Dirk VII of Holland
891:Henry I of Guelders
728:Rudolf of Zähringen
602:Carolingian dynasty
1376:Vaes, Jan (2016),
1043:(1362–1366), also
929:Henry I of Brabant
795:French département
522:
495:
484:Kingdom of Belgium
476:Battle of Waterloo
240:
1099:Emperor Henry III
772:House of Sponheim
756:Louis III of Loon
670:Counts of Rieneck
598:Lower Lotharingia
472:French Revolution
366:Holy Roman Empire
318:
317:
314:
313:
310:
309:
290:
289:
237:• Annexed by
144:Roman Catholicism
110:Holy Roman Empire
16:(Redirected from
1485:
1473:Belgian nobility
1435:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1424:50.800°N 5.350°E
1421:
1418:
1417:
1416:
1413:
1402:
1390:
1372:
1366:
1356:
1344:
1327:
1317:
1306:
1287:
1274:
1253:
1243:
1235:
1234:
1222:
1209:Baerten (1965),
1205:
1190:Baerten (1965),
1178:
1175:
1169:
1162:
1156:
1150:
1144:
1140:1007, MGH SS X,
1134:
1128:
1120:
1114:
1089:See for example
1087:
1081:
1074:
1068:
1061:
925:Count of Rieneck
909:Count of Holland
815:Duchy of Limburg
799:Meuse-Inférieure
720:Herkenrode Abbey
687:) I. He founded
353:
338:
306:
305:
298:Meuse-Inférieure
294:
293:
281:
280:
274:
273:
258:
257:
241:
198:• Acquired
94:
80:
63:
55:
49:
41:
30:
21:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1438:
1437:
1428:
1426:
1422:
1419:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1406:
1393:
1388:
1375:
1364:
1359:
1347:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1290:
1277:
1251:
1246:
1238:
1232:
1225:
1208:
1189:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1172:
1163:
1159:
1151:
1147:
1135:
1131:
1121:
1117:
1088:
1084:
1075:
1071:
1062:
1058:
1054:
823:
699:, and count of
662:counts of Duras
652:
593:
532:, the Frankish
508:t Land van Loen
500:
346:Graafsjap Loeën
331:Graafschap Loon
303:
278:
245:
239:
238:
228:
215:
202:
189:
176:
122:
97:
85:
84:
81:
64:
57:
50:
43:
39:Graafschap Loon
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1491:
1489:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1448:County of Loon
1440:
1439:
1404:
1403:
1391:
1386:
1373:
1357:
1345:
1318:
1313:
1288:
1275:
1244:
1236:
1223:
1206:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1179:
1170:
1157:
1155:, p. 116.
1145:
1129:
1115:
1091:Verhelst (1984
1082:
1078:cités thioises
1069:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1045:Count of Chiny
1034:
1031:Count of Chiny
1024:
1021:Count of Chiny
1000:
999:
993:Count of Chiny
986:
980:Count of Chiny
973:
960:
959:(as Arnold II)
957:Count of Chiny
942:
932:
918:
912:
894:
884:
874:
871:Averbode Abbey
864:
850:
836:
830:
822:
821:Counts of Loon
819:
689:Averbode Abbey
651:
648:
592:
589:
584:
583:
560:
539:
499:
496:
322:County of Loon
316:
315:
312:
311:
308:
307:
300:
291:
288:
287:
282:
270:
269:
264:
254:
253:
250:
249:
246:
236:
233:
232:
229:
223:
220:
219:
216:
210:
207:
206:
203:
197:
194:
193:
190:
185:• Gained
184:
181:
180:
177:
174:
171:
170:
167:
166:
161:
160:Historical era
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
141:
137:
136:
131:
127:
126:
117:
113:
112:
103:
99:
98:
95:
87:
86:
82:
75:
74:
71:
70:
66:
65:
36:
34:County of Loon
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1490:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1468:House of Loon
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1436:
1433:
1429:50.800; 5.350
1401:
1397:
1392:
1389:
1387:9789059087651
1383:
1379:
1374:
1370:
1363:
1358:
1355:
1351:
1346:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1324:
1319:
1316:
1314:9782821828681
1310:
1305:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1250:
1245:
1242:
1237:
1231:
1230:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1174:
1171:
1167:
1166:Kupper (2013)
1161:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1139:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1125:Kupper (1981)
1119:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1086:
1083:
1079:
1073:
1070:
1066:
1065:Imperial Diet
1060:
1057:
1051:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1018:
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468:ancien regime
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456:Low Countries
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438:
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406:
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361:Comté de Looz
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93:
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54:
53:Comté de Looz
47:
40:
31:
19:
18:Count of Loon
1405:
1399:
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1377:
1368:
1353:
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1255:
1240:
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1173:
1160:
1148:
1137:
1132:
1118:
1110:
1094:
1085:
1077:
1072:
1059:
1002:
1001:
786:
784:
764:
744:Herk de Stad
736:Sint-Truiden
717:
692:
684:
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666:
655:
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640:
629:
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616:
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523:
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507:
474:. After the
467:
462:in the late
449:
433:Herk-de-Stad
419:, Borgloon,
386:
360:
345:
330:
321:
319:
267:Succeeded by
266:
261:
83:Coat of arms
1427: /
951:, Count of
610:Brunengeruz
517:Atlas Maior
464:Middle Ages
401:Good Cities
262:Preceded by
164:Middle Ages
1442:Categories
1184:References
1177:Vaes p.129
1015:, Lord of
921:Arnold III
827:Count Otto
724:Cistercian
564:Haspengouw
530:Maastricht
512:Joan Blaeu
341:Limburgish
211:• To
150:Government
134:Limburgish
1272:180819126
1037:Arnold VI
1027:Gottfried
1017:Heinsberg
1009:Theodoric
945:Arnold IV
935:Louis III
867:Arnold II
833:Giselbert
776:Heinsberg
760:Arnold IV
693:Stadtgraf
657:advocatus
623:, French
557:Texandria
213:Heinsberg
140:Religion
69:1040–1795
1336:: 5–50,
1204:(2): 468
1013:Sponheim
989:Louis IV
976:Arnold V
897:Louis II
857:Burgrave
853:Arnold I
843:advocate
807:Napoleon
787:quartier
748:Louis II
732:Borgloon
685:Lodewijk
643:allodial
619:, Latin
580:Hasbania
547:region (
498:Location
413:Beringen
378:Kuringen
374:Borgloon
285:Hasbania
120:Borgloon
1412:50°48′N
1041:Rumigny
984:Vianden
955:, also
907:, also
877:Louis I
845:of the
713:Brustem
705:Kolmont
701:Rieneck
650:History
591:Origins
572:Hesbaye
553:Campine
460:Benelux
445:Stokkem
437:Maaseik
429:Hasselt
382:Hasselt
370:Limburg
187:Rieneck
124:Hasselt
116:Capital
108:of the
1415:5°21′E
1384:
1311:
1286:: 9–67
1270:
963:John I
887:Gerard
742:, and
709:Bilzen
634:, and
608:, and
568:French
549:French
544:Kempen
535:Maasau
520:, 1645
425:Hamont
417:Bilzen
405:French
397:thiois
393:French
356:French
243:France
154:County
102:Status
60:French
56:
42:
1365:(PDF)
1326:(PDF)
1268:S2CID
1252:(PDF)
1233:(PDF)
1142:p.382
1095:pagus
1052:Notes
971:Condé
953:Chiny
915:Henry
861:Mainz
839:Emmon
767:Chiny
740:Halen
697:Mainz
625:comte
621:comes
617:graaf
576:Latin
326:Dutch
226:Liège
200:Chiny
106:State
46:Dutch
1382:ISBN
1309:ISBN
1107:p.45
881:Metz
443:and
441:Peer
421:Bree
320:The
248:1795
231:1366
218:1336
205:1227
192:1106
179:1040
1362:"9"
1338:doi
1334:179
1299:doi
1284:145
1260:doi
1221:(4)
1039:of
901:Ada
859:of
797:of
774:at
695:of
606:Huy
403:" (
1444::
1400:38
1398:,
1367:,
1352:,
1332:,
1328:,
1307:,
1282:,
1266:,
1258:,
1254:,
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1217:,
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1200:,
1194:,
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1109:-
762:.
738:,
578::
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486:.
447:.
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431:,
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343::
339:,
328::
1340::
1301::
1262::
931:.
893:.
883:.
873:.
566:(
559:.
324:(
62:)
58:(
48:)
44:(
20:)
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