971:, March 1, 1925. Count Cullen wrote "Heritage" during a time when African-American artists were dreaming of Africa. During the Harlem Renaissance, Cullen, Hughes, and other poets were using their creative energy trying fuse Africa into the narrative of their African-American lives. In "Heritage", Cullen grapples with the separation of his African culture and history created by the institution of slavery. To Cullen, Africa was not a place of which he had personal knowledge. It was a place that he knew through someone else's description, passed down through generations. Africa was a place of heritage. Throughout the poem, he struggles with the cost of the cultural conversion and religious conversion of his ancestors when they were away "torn from Africa".
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with no mention were made of color. Secondly, the poems that circled around the consciousness of
African Americans and how being a "Negro in a day like this" in America is very cruel. Through Cullen's writing, readers can view his own subjectivity of his inner workings and how he viewed the Negro soul and mind. He discusses the psychology of African Americans in his writings and gives an extra dimension that forces the reader to see a harsh reality of Americas past time. "Heritage" is one of Countee Cullen's best-known poems published in this book. Although it is published in Color, it originally appeared in
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1020:'First love! First love!' I urged". (The poem portrays love as necessary to continue in life and that it is basic to life as the corner stone or the fundamental of building home.) Similarly, in "Love's Way", Cullen's poem portrays a love that shares and unifies the world. The poem suggests that "love is not demanding, all, itself/ Withholding aught; love's is nobler way/ of courtesy" . In the poem, the speaker contends that "Love rehabilitates unto the end." Love fixes itself, regrows, and heals.
447:, experienced difficulties before ending in divorce. He subsequently had relationships with many different men, although each ended poorly. Each relationship had a sense of shame or secrecy, such as his relationship with Edward Atkinson. Cullen later married Ida Robertson while potentially in a relationship with Atkinson. Letters between Cullen and Atkinson suggest a romantic interest, although there is no concrete evidence that they were in a sexual relationship.
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poetry than from the nebulous atavistic yearnings towards an
African inheritance." Cullen believed that African-American poets should work within the English conventions of poetry to prove to white Americans that African Americans could participate in these classic traditions. He believed using a more traditional style of writing poetry would allow African Americans to build bridges between the black and white communities.
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239:, Harlem's largest congregation, and his wife, the former Carolyn Belle Mitchell, adopted the 15-year-old Countee Porter, although the adoption may not have been official. Frederick Cullen was a central figure in Countee's life, and acted as his father. The influential minister would eventually become president of the Harlem chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (
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644:, which represents "the discovery of black values and the Negro’s awareness of his situation". Cullen saw Negritude as an awakening of a race consciousness and black modernism that flowed into Harlem. Cullen's poetry "Heritage" and "Dark Tower" reflect ideas of the Negritude movement. These poems examine African roots and intertwine them with a fresh aspect of African-American life.
407:, but its subject was far from the world of their Romantic sonnets. The poet accepts that there is God, and "God is good, well-meaning, kind", but he finds a contradiction in his own plight in a racist society: he is black and a poet. In 1926, Cullen graduated with a master's degree while also serving as the guest editor of a special "Negro Poets" issue of the poetry magazine,
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albeit indirectly, and other Harlem
Renaissance writers, for the “desire to run away spiritually from race”. Hughes condemned “the desire to pour racial individuality into the mold of American standardization, and to be as little Negro and as much American as possible.” Though Hughes critiqued Cullen, he still admired his work and noted the significance of his writing.
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love for men. Yolande told her father and filed for divorce. Her father wrote separately to Cullen, saying that he thought
Yolande's lack of sexual experience was the reason the marriage did not work out. The couple divorced in 1930 in Paris. The details were negotiated between Cullen and Yolande's father, as the wedding details had been.
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259:. He excelled academically at the school and started writing poetry. He won a citywide poetry contest. At DeWitt, he was elected into the honor society, was editor of the weekly newspaper, and was elected vice-president of his graduating class. In January 1922, he graduated with honors in Latin, Greek, Mathematics, and French.
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515:, there is no evidence that the men were lovers, despite newspaper stories and gossip suggesting the contrary. Scholars have not reached consensus on Cullen's sexuality. He married Ida Mae Roberson in 1940 and lived, apparently happily, with her until his death in 1946. In the early 1940s, they lived on
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is
Countee Cullen's first published book and color is "in every sense its prevailing characteristic." Cullen discusses heavy topics regarding race and the distance of one's heritage from their motherland and how it is lost. It has been said that his poems fall into a variety of categories: those that
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Due to Cullen's mixed identity, he developed an aesthetic that embraced both black and white cultures. He was a firm believer that poetry surpassed race and that it could be used to bring the races closer together. Although race was a recurring theme in his works, Cullen wanted to be known as a poet
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is a collection of poetry published in New York in 1927. The collection examines the sense of love, particularly a love or unity between white and black people. In some poems, love is ominous and leads to death. However, in general, the love extends not only to people but to natural elements such as
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was a collection of poems published at the height of Cullen's career in 1929. The poems examine the relationship of faith and justice among
African Americans. In some of the poems, Cullen equates the suffering of Christ in his crucifixion and the suffering of African Americans. This collection poems
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an anthology edited by Cullen, he expands on his belief of using a
Eurocentric style of writing. He writes: "As heretical as it may sound, there is the probability that Negro poets, dependent as they are on the English language, may have more to gain from the rich background of English and American
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and poet and playwright
Langston Hughes. Ellington admired Cullen for confronting a history of oppression and shaping a new voice of “great achievement over fearful odds”. Cullen maintained close friendships with two other prominent writers, Hughes and Alain Locke. However, Hughes critiqued Cullen,
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was the first time in
American history that a large body of literary, art and musical work was contributed by African-American writers and artists. Cullen was at the epicenter of this new-found surge in literature. He considered poetry to be raceless. However, his poem "The Black Christ" took on a
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in
Atlanta, Georgia. At Cullen's death, Jackman requested that his collection in Georgia be renamed, from the Harold Jackman Collection to the Countee Cullen Memorial Collection, in honor of his friend. After Jackman died of cancer in 1961, the collection at Clark Atlanta University was renamed as
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With the exception of this marriage before a huge congregation, Cullen was a shy person. He was not flamboyant with any of his relationships. It was rumored that Cullen had developed a relationship with Jackman, "the handsomest man in Harlem", which contributed to Cullen and Yolande's divorce. The
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After the newly wedded couple had a short honeymoon, Cullen traveled to Paris with his guardian/father, Frederick Cullen, and best man Jackman. Yolande soon joined him there, but they had difficulties from the first. A few months after their wedding, Cullen wrote a letter to Yolande confessing his
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helped Cullen come to terms with his sexuality. Locke wanted to introduce a new generation of African-American writers, such as Countee Cullen, to the reading public. Locke also sought to present the authentic natures of sex and sexuality through writing, creating a kind of relationship with those
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The Harlem Renaissance movement was centered in the cosmopolitan community of Harlem, in New York City, which had attracted talented migrants from across the country. During the 1920s, a fresh generation of African-American writers emerged, although a few were Harlem-born. Other leading figures
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plants, trees, etc. Many of the poems also link the concept of love to a Christian background. Yet, Cullen was also attracted to something both pagan as well as Christian. in one of his poems "One Day We Played a Game", the theme of love appears. The speaker calls:
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racial theme, exploring a black youth convicted of a crime he did not commit. "But shortly after in the early 1930s, his work was almost completely of racial subject matter. His poetry instead focused on idyllic beauty and other classic romantic subjects."
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in New York City, he gave a speech to the League of Youth in which he said, “For we must be one thing or the other, an asset or a liability, the sinew in your wing to help you soar, or the chain to bind you to earth.” The speech was later printed in
440:. In March 1923, Cullen wrote to Locke about Carpenter's work: "It opened up for me soul windows which had been closed; it threw a noble and evident light on what I had begun to believe, because of what the world believes, ignoble and unnatural".
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Cullen developed his Eurocentric style of writing from his exposure to Graeco-Roman Classics and English Literature, work he was exposed to while attending universities like New York University and Harvard. In his collection of poems
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National Competitions for Undergraduate Poetry, sponsored by the Poetry Society of America, for his book of poems titled, "The Ballad of the Brown Girl". Soon after, he was publishing poetry in national periodicals such as
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also takes a close look at the racial violence in America during the 1920s. By the time Cullen published this book of poetry, the concept of the Black Messiah was prevalent in other African-American writers such as
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Countee LeRoy Porter was born on May 30, 1903, to Elizabeth Thomas Lucas. Due to a lack of records of his early childhood, historians have had difficulty identifying his birthplace.
1818:"Letter to Edward Atkinson, May 19, 1943. Yale University Library Digital Collections, Countee Cullen Collection, 1903-1946; Box 1, Folder 3, Image 16731193 (PDF image 90 of 133)"
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360:, earning him a national reputation. The ensuing year, he again placed second in the contest, finally winning first prize in 1925. He competed in a poetry contest sponsored by
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Between the years 1928 and 1934, Cullen traveled back and forth between France and the United States. By 1929 Cullen had published four volumes of poetry. The title poem of
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As well as writing books, Cullen promoted the work of other black writers. But by 1930 his reputation as a poet had waned. In 1932, his only novel was published,
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young, dashing Jackman was a school teacher and, thanks to his handsome visage, a prominent figure among Harlem's gay elite. According to Thomas Wirth, author of
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Jackman's diaries, letters, and outstanding collections of memorabilia are held in depositories across the country, such as the Amistad Research Center at
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Critics and historians have not reached consensus as to Cullen's sexuality, partly because Cullen was unsure of this himself. Cullen's first marriage, to
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395:. Written in a careful, traditional style, the work celebrated black beauty and deplored the effects of racism. The volume included "Heritage" and "
921:. Although continuing to develop themes of race and identity in his work, Cullen found artistic inspiration in ancient Greek and Roman literature.
815:, was criticized by black intellectuals for creating a negative image of black Americans. In another stretch, Cullen translated the Greek tragedy
479:. They met in the summer of 1923 when both were in college: she was at Fisk University and he was at NYU. Cullen's parents owned a summer home in
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191:; May 30, 1903 – January 9, 1946) was an American poet, novelist, children's writer, and playwright, particularly well known during the
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In the last years of his life, Cullen wrote mostly for the theatre. He worked with Arna Bontemps to adapt Bontemps's 1931 novel
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have been cited as possibilities. Although Cullen claimed to have been born in New York City, he also frequently referred to
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Several years later, Cullen died from high blood pressure and uremic poisoning on January 9, 1946, aged 42. He is buried in
399:", probably his most famous poems. "Yet Do I Marvel", about racial identity and injustice, showed the literary influence of
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at the age of nine by Amanda Porter, believed to be his paternal grandmother, who cared for him until her death in 1917.
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near the Jersey Shore, and Yolande and her family were likely also vacationing in the area when they first met.
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magazine, where his column, "The Dark Tower", increased his literary reputation. Cullen's poetry collections
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1047:(includes the poems "Incident", "Near White", "Heritage", and others), illustrations by Charles Cullen
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782:, an autobiography of his cat. Along with Herman W. Porter, Cullen also provided guidance to a young
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Cullen's work intersects with the Harlem community and such prominent figures of the Renaissance as
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The wedding was the social event of the decade among the African-American elite. Cullen, along with
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Cullen was also influenced by the Romantics and studied subjects of love, romance, and religion.
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2067:, 3d ed.: 2 (Kindle Location 10591). McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. Kindle Edition
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My Soul's High Song: The Collected Writings of Countee Cullen, Voice of the Harlem Renaissance
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Caroling Dusk: An Anthology of Verse by Black Poets of the Twenties: Anthology of Black Verse
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Manliness and Its Discontents: The Black Middle Class and the Transformation of Masculinity
2504:"Collection: Countee Cullen-Harold Jackman memorial collection | Archives Research Center"
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1876:"Collection: Countee Cullen-Harold Jackman memorial collection | Archives Research Center"
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who felt the same. Locke introduced Cullen to gay-affirming material, such as the work of
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From 1934 until the end of his life, he taught English, French, and creative writing at
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737:(1929) was criticized for its use of Christian religious imagery; Cullen compared the
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Gay Rebel of the Harlem Renaissance, Selections from the Work of Richard Bruce Nugent
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in New York City. During this period, he also wrote two works for young readers:
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372:". Cullen graduated from NYU in 1925 and was one of eleven students selected to
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Unnatural Selections: Eugenics in American Modernism and the Harlem Renaissance
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Unnatural Selections: Eugenics in American Modernism and the Harlem Renaissance
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captures Cullen's idealistic aesthetic of race pride and religious skepticism.
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Countee Cullen – Poets.org, from the Academy of Academic Poets: Countee Cullen
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1960:
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1753:. Chapel Hill and London: The University of North Carolina Press. p. 58.
1700:. Chapel Hill and London: The University of North Carolina Press. p. 57.
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Cullen uses Greek methodology to explore race and identity and writes about
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Williams, Jasmin K (April 11, 2012). "Countee Cullen: A renaissance poet".
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2210:"The Black Christ by Countee Cullen with illustrations by Charles Cullen"
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1518:"Soul Windows | The Gay Love Letters of Countee Cullen. Excerpts from
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391:, his first collection of poems that later became a landmark of the
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Cueva, Edmond Paul (July 2013). "The Classics and Countee Cullen".
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Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons
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Yale University Library, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library
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On These I Stand: An Anthology of the Best Poems of Countee Cullen
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1931:. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press. p. 2.
224:, as his birthplace on legal applications. Cullen was brought to
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While at Fisk, Yolande had had a romantic relationship with the
1071:, Harper & Brothers, 1929, illustrations by Charles Cullen
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To Wake the Nations: Race in the Making of American Literature
1150:, Harper & Brothers, 1940; Modern Curriculum Press, 1991,
1065:, Harper & Brothers, 1927, illustrations by Charles Cullen
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New York University, Harvard University and early publications
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The Harlem Renaissance Revisited: Politics, Arts, and Letters
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The Harlem Renaissance Revisited: Politics, Arts, and Letters
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My Soul's High Song: The Collected Writings of Countee Cullen
2176:"African American History: From Emancipation to the Present"
1659:. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 49.
860:, was named in his honor. In 2013, he was inducted into the
327:(August 1923). Also in 1923, Cullen won second prize in the
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Phyllips, Cary (Winter 2015). "What Is Africa to Me Now?".
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Molesworth, Charles (2012). "Countee Cullen's Reputation".
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The Harlem Renaissance was influenced by a movement called
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inviting him to edit an anthology of Black poetry in 1927.
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and came in second with "To One Who Say Me Nay", losing to
1986:"Cullen, Countee" Encyclopedia of African American Society
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Cullen. Retrieved July 20, 2024., Countee (May 19, 1943).
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The social, cultural, and artistic explosion known as the
2011:"Ida Cullen Cooper, 86, Widow Of Harlem Renaissance Poet"
774:(1940), poems about the animals who were killed in the
1641:. The University of North Carolina Press. p. 188.
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Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center
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Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center
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Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center
1795:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 223.
1613:. New York: Taylor & Francis Books. p. 273.
799:(1946, published in 1971). Its score was composed by
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A Queer Capital: A History of Gay Life in Washington
1455:"Idella Purnell's PALMS and Godfather Witter Bynner"
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Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
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2301:. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Corporation.
2297:A Bio-bibliography of Countée P. Cullen, 1903–1946
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1495:. New York: Taylor & Francis. pp. 57–58.
535:the Cullen-Jackman Collection to honor them both.
2400:Countee Cullen-Harold Jackman memorial collection
829:, with a collection of sonnets and short lyrics.
467:on April 9, 1928. She was the surviving child of
2278:. Chicago; London: University of Chicago Press.
1989:. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage. p. 241.
2276:And Bid Him Sing: A Biography of Countée Cullen
1929:And Bid Him Sing: A Biography of Countee Cullen
1793:And Bid Him Sing: A Biography of Countée Cullen
730:of 1928 enabled him to study and write abroad.
726:, but they were not so well received. Cullen's
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459:Cullen on his wedding day with Du Bois in 1928.
312:After graduating from high school, he attended
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2690:Burials at Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx, New York)
1402:. New York: Doubleday. pp. 137, 547-550.
932:both influenced Cullen's style of writing. In
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281:Why flesh that mirrors Him must someday die,
275:I doubt not God is good, well-meaning, kind,
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741:of a black man to the crucifixion of Jesus.
2478:"Poets of Cambridge U.S.A.: Countee Cullen"
2360:Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library
1841:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1585:Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance: A–J
1039:, Harper & Brothers, 1925; Ayer, 1993,
277:And did He stoop to quibble could tell why
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1189:. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1927.
297:What awful brain compels His awful hand.
2385:JWJ MSS 7; 0000-0000-0000-0034; 41
2241:. Harvard University Press. p. 594.
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1582:Wintz, Cary D.; Finkelman, Paul (2004).
1241:"About Countee Cullen's Life and Career"
1163:, Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1942
1101:, Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1947
301:To make a poet black, and bid him sing!
295:With petty cares to slightly understand
283:Make plain the reason tortured Tantalus
279:The little buried mole continues blind,
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1864:. United States: Harper & Brothers.
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299:Yet do I marvel at this curious thing:
287:If merely brute caprice dooms Sisyphus
285:Is baited by the fickle fruit, declare
2473:Modern American Poetry: Countee Cullen
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1611:Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance
1520:Gay Love Letters through the Centuries
1393:
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811:, set in a poor black neighborhood of
710:Cullen worked as assistant editor for
2605:20th-century African-American writers
2463:Countee Cullen: The Poetry Foundation
2259:. New York: Oxford University Press.
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291:Inscrutable His ways are, and immune
289:To struggle up a never-ending stair.
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2082:Richard Durham's Destination Freedom
1549:Gay Voices of the Harlem Renaissance
2208:Hansen, Kelli (February 19, 2014).
2043:. Infobase Publishing. p. 57.
2610:20th-century American male writers
856:, a Harlem branch location of the
722:(1927) explored similar themes as
680:From the scenes his fathers loved,
671:Women from whose loins I sprang
293:To catechism by a mind too strewn
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2720:LGBT people from New York (state)
2695:DeWitt Clinton High School alumni
2625:20th-century American LGBT people
1245:MAPS: Modern American Poetry Site
825:, which was published in 1935 as
611:Harlem: A Melodrama of Negro Life
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2214:Libraries University of Michigan
2084:. New York: Praeger. p. x.
1069:The Black Christ and Other Poems
735:The Black Christ and Other Poems
155:
2730:Novelists from New York (state)
2615:20th-century American novelists
2480:. Harvard Square Library, 2006.
2138:Research in African Literatures
1685:. New York: NAACP. p. 238.
1546:Schwarz, A. B. Christa (2003).
1122:Countee Cullen: Collected Poems
786:during his time at the school.
748:The grave of Countee Cullen in
379:That same year, Cullen entered
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1947:Countee Cullen Collected Poems
1916:. Lexington Books. p. 31.
1093:The Medea and Some Other Poems
903:To the Three for Whom the Book
897:not strictly defined by race.
888:, recapped parts of his life.
1:
2630:African-American male writers
2324:. Boston: Twayne Publishers.
1764:Ogbar, Jeffrey O. G. (2010).
1083:, Harper & Brothers, 1932
1053:, Harper & Brothers, 1927
862:New York Writers Hall of Fame
665:Copper sun or scarlet sea,
2715:African-American LGBT people
2412:How to use archival material
2274:Molesworth, Charles (2012).
2150:10.2979/reseafrilite.46.4.10
2116:Interdisciplinary Humanities
1927:Molesworth, Charles (2012).
1791:Molesworth, Charles (2012).
1552:. Indiana University Press.
1161:My Lives and How I Lost Them
1124:, Library of America, 2013,
1063:The Ballad of the Brown Girl
780:My Lives and How I Lost Them
716:The Ballad of the Brown Girl
673:When the birds of Eden sang?
667:Jungle star or jungle track,
2620:20th-century American poets
2454:(public domain audiobooks)
1683:"Our Book Shelf" The Crisis
1298:The New York Amsterdam News
1200:African-American literature
957:Color (Countee Cullen book)
684:Spicy grove, cinnamon tree,
676:One three centuries removed
16:American author (1903–1946)
2746:
2725:New York University alumni
2635:African-American novelists
2237:Sundquist, Eric J (1993).
1966:December 21, 2013, at the
1749:English, Daylanne (2004).
1696:English, Daylanne (2004).
1526:Gay History and Literature
1354:Shucard: 10; cf. Perry: 4.
1345:Perry: 4; cf. Shucard: 10.
954:
387:in English, and published
253:DeWitt Clinton High School
247:DeWitt Clinton High School
237:Methodist Episcopal Church
2650:American bisexual writers
2316:Shucard, Alan R. (1984).
2017:. May 6, 1986. p. B8
1949:. The Library of America.
1845:) CS1 maint: url-status (
1736:10.2979/transition.107.67
1728:10.2979/transition.107.67
481:Pleasantville, New Jersey
411:. The appointment led to
307:"Yet Do I Marvel" (1925)
30:
2293:Perry, Margaret (1971).
2255:Huggins, Nathan (2007).
2041:African-American Writers
1912:Rabaka, Reiland (2015).
1860:Cullen, Countee (1925).
1681:Du Bois, W.E.B. (1926).
1637:Summers, Martin (2004).
1588:. Taylor & Francis.
1398:Cullen, Countee (1991).
1385:Perry: 5 cf. Shucard: 7.
1025:The Medea and Some Poems
827:The Medea and Some Poems
663:What is Africa to me:
532:Clark Atlanta University
2665:American male novelists
2655:American LGBT novelists
2448:Works by Countee Cullen
2368:Amistad Research Center
1983:Jaynes, Gerald (2005).
1945:Jackson, Major (2013).
1655:Ogbar, Jeffrey (2010).
1516:Norton, Rictor (1998).
930:Edna St. Vincent Millay
858:New York Public Library
521:the Garrison Apartments
316:(NYU). In 1923, at the
62:New York City, New York
37:Countee Cullen, c. 1927
2640:African-American poets
2039:Bader, Philip (2004).
1914:The Negritude Movement
1491:Beemyn, Genny (2015).
1453:Potter, Vilma (1994).
854:Countee Cullen Library
753:
694:
555:
460:
432:, at a time when most
304:
2675:Bisexual male writers
2645:American anthologists
2508:findingaids.auctr.edu
1880:findingaids.auctr.edu
747:
728:Guggenheim Fellowship
546:
458:
2429:at Wikimedia Commons
2174:Holloway, Jonathan.
1970:, Poetry Foundation.
1609:Wintz, Cary (2004).
1459:American Periodicals
1376:, Poetry Foundation.
1087:Any Human to Another
688:What is Africa to me
571:James Weldon Johnson
222:Louisville, Kentucky
218:Louisville, Kentucky
189:Countee LeRoy Porter
154: 1928;
66:Louisville, Kentucky
46:Countee LeRoy Porter
2670:American male poets
2660:American LGBT poets
2520:20.500.12322/fa:034
1892:20.500.12322/fa:034
1111:, Doubleday, 1991,
892:Literary influences
881:Destination Freedom
813:St. Louis, Missouri
656:Professional career
530:in New Orleans and
471:and his first wife
314:New York University
251:Cullen entered the
233:Frederick A. Cullen
210:Baltimore, Maryland
97:New York University
58:Baltimore, Maryland
2705:Harlem Renaissance
2680:Bisexual novelists
2437:Works by or about
2257:Harlem Renaissance
2078:MacDonald, J. Fred
2015:The New York Times
1272:. February 4, 2014
1205:Harlem Renaissance
1031:Poetry collections
807:, both white. The
768:Junior High School
765:Frederick Douglass
754:
704:Harlem Renaissance
602:Jonah's Gourd Vine
597:Zora Neale Hurston
556:
551:in 1941, photo by
539:Harlem Renaissance
519:in West Harlem at
473:Nina Gomer Du Bois
461:
401:William Wordsworth
393:Harlem Renaissance
255:, then located in
235:, pastor of Salem
193:Harlem Renaissance
128:Harlem Renaissance
102:Harvard University
2497:Books and Writers
2491:Petri Liukkonen.
2487:(1925) online pdf
2425:Media related to
2417:
2416:
2406:
2405:
2331:978-0-8057-7411-5
2308:978-0-8371-3325-6
2285:978-0-226-53364-3
2266:978-0-19-506336-3
2180:Open Yale courses
1374:"Yet Do I Marvel"
1323:Poetry Foundation
1142:One Way to Heaven
1081:One Way to Heaven
834:Woodlawn Cemetery
758:One Way to Heaven
750:Woodlawn Cemetery
528:Tulane University
271:"Yet Do I Marvel"
182:
181:
124:Literary movement
2737:
2577:
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2493:"Countee Cullen"
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2195:
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2191:
2186:on April 8, 2017
2182:. Archived from
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1266:"Countee Cullen"
1262:
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1255:
1253:
1251:
1233:
1105:Gerald Lyn Early
1019:
987:The Black Christ
982:The Black Christ
976:The Black Christ
809:Broadway musical
791:God Sends Sunday
698:
697:From "Heritage"
633:Carl Van Vechten
553:Carl Van Vechten
494:Jimmie Lunceford
469:W. E. B. Du Bois
430:Edward Carpenter
423:American writer
308:
176:
174:
165:Ida Mae Roberson
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54:
52:
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2700:Formalist poets
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793:as the musical
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607:Wallace Thurman
593:The Weary Blues
589:Langston Hughes
575:Black Manhattan
541:
465:Yolande Du Bois
463:Cullen married
453:
445:Yolande Du Bois
421:
370:The Weary Blues
366:Langston Hughes
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76:January 9, 1946
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1722:(107): 68–69.
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1620:978-1579584573
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649:Duke Ellington
584:Home to Harlem
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501:W.E.B. Du Bois
477:Harold Jackman
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374:Phi Beta Kappa
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2600:1946 deaths
2595:1903 births
2382:Identifiers
2347:Archives at
1443:Shucard: 7.
1057:Harlem Wine
1000:Jean Toomer
944:Major works
718:(1927) and
712:Opportunity
615:Jean Toomer
561:Alain Locke
491:saxophonist
425:Alain Locke
362:Opportunity
351:The Bookman
345:Opportunity
2589:Categories
2443:Wikisource
2091:0275931382
1961:"Heritage"
1720:Transition
1409:0385417586
1211:References
1051:Copper Sun
1013:Copper Sun
1007:Copper Sun
969:The Survey
926:John Keats
917:, and the
720:Copper Sun
547:Cullen in
517:Sugar Hill
340:The Crisis
324:The Crisis
199:Early life
85:Occupation
51:1903-05-30
2543:Biography
2158:162558115
2021:March 16,
1897:April 24,
1476:March 30,
1465:: 55–56.
1431:Perry: 7.
1422:Perry: 6.
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1270:poets.org
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318:Town Hall
231:Reverend
204:Childhood
2452:LibriVox
2356:Location
2122:: 24–36.
1964:Archived
1959:Cullen,
1837:cite web
1827:July 24,
1471:20771064
1372:Cullen,
1194:See also
919:Minotaur
739:lynching
413:Harper's
397:Incident
385:master's
335:Harper's
2529:Portals
2219:May 18,
2190:May 25,
1531:May 28,
1328:May 16,
1276:May 16,
1107:(ed.),
1075:Tableau
911:Theseus
381:Harvard
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2555:Poetry
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907:Medusa
875:radio
848:Honors
778:, and
357:Poetry
354:, and
226:Harlem
216:, and
187:(born
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119:Poetry
108:Period
88:Writer
68:, U.S.
2579:LGBTQ
2485:Color
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1467:JSTOR
1168:Drama
1136:Prose
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963:Color
950:Color
877:drama
818:Medea
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389:Color
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