Knowledge (XXG)

County Police Act 1839

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335: 34: 442:"...difficulties had arisen from the mode of payment provided for carrying into effect the regulations of the act, by levying it out of the county rates; a difficulty as to that provision had arisen in various counties, in which certain districts only had adopted the act. In counties, also, in which there were isolated portions of other counties, it was difficult to say how those isolated portions were to be dealt with, because they were incorporated in the police districts of another county than that in which they were rated for the payment..." 300:
constables, the divisions of the county and the salaries to be paid and making any additional rules and regulations deemed necessary. The report was then submitted for approval to the Home Secretary who could modify parts of the scheme but did not have the power to alter the number of constables or their salaries. The sessions had the power to choose a chief constable, but his appointment was also subject to the approval of the Home Secretary. In some cases magistrates chose to form a force in only part of a county.
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to establish a body of constables paid for out of the county rate and under the control of the magistrates. The commission's report, issued in 1839, followed the lines favoured by Russell. It recommended that "a properly trained and equipped preventative police force" based on the pattern of the
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If, in the opinion of the justices in quarter sessions, the constables provided under the 1839 Act were no longer needed, they could disband them, having given six months notice to the Home Secretary. No county forces were dis-established, and a resolution in 1843 to dissolve the Worcestershire
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to bring the matter to a vote. If the sessions chose to adopt the act they were obliged to prepare a report on the area and population of the county and the existing method of policing. The report would set out how it was proposed to apply the legislation to the county, detailing the number of
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Justices were empowered to divide the county into districts, each with a population of not less than 25,000. Separate police rates could be levied on ratepayers of each division. However, constables were liable to serve throughout the county, regardless of which district they were assigned
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appointed in 1836 to "inquire into the best means of establishing an efficient constabulary force in the counties of England and Wales". The three members of the commission, or "Constabulary Commissioners" as they were informally called were Colonel
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Constabulary as "the benefit derived from the employment of the rural police in the County of Worcester has not been equal to the expense it has occasioned to the ratepayers" was soundly defeated.
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Permission was given to the justices to acquire land and buildings, and borrow money for the construction of police stations and to build strong rooms for the temporary confinement of prisoners.
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for social and political reform. Chadwick was strongly in favour of the creation of a single centralised force, but this was opposed by not only the two other commissioners but also by the
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Boroughs were permitted to consolidate their police force with that of the county in which they were situate, and a single chief constable could be appointed for a consolidated force.
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Where parts of one county were policed by the constabulary of another county, the rate payers were to pay the police rate to the county providing the constables.
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First report of the Commissioners appointed to inquire as to the best means of establishing an efficient constabulary force in the counties of England and Wales
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to establish police forces in their counties. The Act was not compulsory, and constabularies were only established in 25 out of 55 counties by 1856, when the
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In East Ward and West Ward only: In 1851 it had been decided to extend the acts to Kendal Ward to form a consolidated force with the Kendal Borough Police
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as chief constable. The appointment was approved on 5 December, and Wiltshire's example was quickly followed by Gloucestershire, Worcestershire and Durham.
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Within a few months of the first county constabularies being formed, a number of problems with the legislation became apparent. Accordingly, the Hon.
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or Division having a separate Court of Quarter Sessions of the Peace or in which separate County Rates are made". The act was not to extend to the
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The chief constable of a consolidated force could dismiss borough constables, but new constables for the area were to be appointed by the
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In order to establish a force in a county, it was necessary for three or more magistrates to make a requisition to the chairman of the
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A special police rate was to be levied to finance the county constabulary, instead of the cost being part of the general county rate.
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were to be part of the county by which they were surrounded, or with which they had the longest common boundary. All franchises or
198:. The commission was appointed against a background of unrest and violence in some areas of the country, with protests against the 339: 150: 38: 905: 307:. On 13 November the court of quarter sessions agreed to adopt the act, and on 28 November appointed Commander Samuel Meredith, 435: 251: 1332: 3626: 211: 72: 3730: 3684: 1403: 781: 284: 877:, section 1 and the first schedule. Due to the repeal of those provisions it is now authorised by section 19(2) of the 978: 1302: 1486: 3725: 1419: 254:
had the power to form their own police force and were to be excluded from the jurisdiction of the county police.
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The Police Gazette Part 1: Issues for 1866-1878, 1882-1897 and 1899-1900 from the Cambridgeshire Police Archive
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The Police Gazette Part 1: Issues for 1866-1878, 1882-1897 and 1899-1900 from the Cambridgeshire Police Archive
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Constables appointed in the consolidated divisions of Sturminster Newton and Shaftesbury and in the Borough of
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An Act for the Establishment of County and District Constables by the Authority of the Justices of the Peace.
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The constables were to be appointed on a ratio of not more than one officer per one thousand of population.
214:. Russell wrote to the magistrates of the various counties asking them to support the resolution passed in 3543: 1947: 1083: 845: 304: 2372: 972: 891: 874: 768: 761: 347: 46: 469:
Justices of the peace were permitted to transfer areas from one county to another for police purposes.
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Waters, Les. "Appendix A: Notes on the First Report of the Constabulary Commissioners".
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was to be appointed. Where a county was divided into two parliamentary divisions by the
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Act adopted December 1839. Chief constable elected by magistrates on 31 December 1839.
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By 1851 constabularies had been formed to cover all or part of the following counties:
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The act repeated the definition of a county as in the 1839 Act, and noted that the
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police forces with county constabularies and the levying of a new "police rate".
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An Act to Amend the Act for the Establishment of County and District Constables.
1106:"County Constabulary Act - Amendment (HC Deb 18 February 1840 vol 52 cc385-92)" 3617: 946: 738: 656: 573: 554: 308: 215: 954: 1156: 1052: 825: 637: 431: 373: 974:
The new police in nineteenth-century England: crime, conflict, and control
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Constabulary formed in 1851 in the part of the county not included in the
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Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom concerning England and Wales
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Act adopted 25 November 1839, chief constable appointed 11 February 1840
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A "county" for the purposes of the act was defined as being "any County,
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The Leicester Chronicle: or, Commercial and Agricultural Advertiser
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The Statutes of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
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The first county to form a constabulary under the 1839 Act was
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should be considered a county for constabulary purposes.
1279:. Cambridgeshire Criminal Justice Board. Archived from 508:
List of forces established under the County Police Acts
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The legislation was based on the recommendations of a
1224:"Number and Charge of Police in England and Wales". 1008:. Marlborough, Wiltshire: Adam Matthews Publications 910:. Marlborough, Wiltshire: Adam Matthews Publications 3716: 3693: 3675: 3615: 3591: 3563: 2399: 2370: 2085: 2065: 1464: 1452: 1426: 931:"Public order, petitioning and freedom of assembly" 578:Only formed in the Derwent Division of the county. 421: 409: 404: 394: 389: 379: 369: 356: 346: 120: 108: 103: 93: 88: 78: 68: 55: 45: 438:in February 1840. Maule outlined the problems: 904:Waters, Les. "A Short History of the Police". 2407:Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 1404: 1379:Hampshire Advertiser & Salisbury Guardian 231:The act allowed justices of the peace of any 8: 3607:Church of England Assembly (Powers) Act 1919 588:Formed in the Denbigh and Wrexham Districts 322: 21: 3643:Measures of the National Assembly for Wales 1227:Accounts and Papers of the House of Commons 257:In each county where the act was adopted a 3690: 3667:Acts of the Parliament of Northern Ireland 3560: 1461: 1411: 1397: 1389: 1133:Sir George Kettilby Rickards, ed. (1840). 321: 20: 1248:. Bedford Borough Council. Archived from 3789:Police legislation in the United Kingdom 2405:Great Britain and Ireland and the United 1271: 1269: 1267: 1219: 1217: 1215: 1213: 1211: 1209: 1207: 1205: 1203: 1201: 1199: 1197: 1195: 1193: 1191: 1189: 1187: 966: 964: 514: 1185: 1183: 1181: 1179: 1177: 1175: 1173: 1171: 1169: 1167: 1070: 1068: 1066: 1064: 1062: 862: 268:For the purposes of the act all county 188:Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police 3769:United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1839 3655:Acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly 1080:The History of Wiltshire Constabulary 465:The main provisions of the Act were: 315:Amendment: the County Police Act 1840 7: 3779:Law enforcement in England and Wales 3726:United Kingdom statutory instruments 1047:"Establishment of a County Police". 3784:Rural society in the United Kingdom 1377:"Hants General Quarter Sessions". 167:County and Borough Police Act 1856 14: 1333:"The Making of a Chief Constable" 869:The citation of this Act by this 1246:"Records of Bedfordshire Police" 549:Cambridgeshire: adopted in 1851 340:Parliament of the United Kingdom 333: 169:made their provision mandatory. 151:Parliament of the United Kingdom 39:Parliament of the United Kingdom 32: 3627:Acts of the Scottish Parliament 1111:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 252:Municipal Corporations Act 1835 3731:Scottish statutory instruments 1381:. Southampton. 4 January 1840. 1362:"Rural Police for Hampshire". 1303:"History of the County Lockup" 1: 3748:Church of England instruments 1427:Pre-parliamentary legislation 1076:"The Magistrates Take Action" 894:, section 2(1) and Schedule 2 458:for the voluntary merging of 446:The bill was enacted as the 1458:the Kingdom of Great Britain 935:The Journal of Legal History 782:Metropolitan Police District 285:Metropolitan Police District 979:Manchester University Press 485:of the borough corporation. 3805: 1160:. 29 June 1843. p. 8. 319:United Kingdom legislation 137:c. 93) (also known as the 18:United Kingdom legislation 2086:Acts of Parliament of the 1234:. 1852. pp. 283–285. 947:10.1080/01440368608530861 755: 692: 535: 434:introduced a bill to the 332: 327: 31: 26: 2403:of the United Kingdom of 2089:Kingdom of Great Britain 1434:List of English statutes 1139:. Vol. 80. London: 381:Territorial extent  155:Police Acts 1839 to 1893 143:Rural Constabularies Act 80:Territorial extent  1872:Interregnum (1642–1660) 929:Handley, Robin (1986). 879:Interpretation Act 1978 705:Liberty of Peterborough 2066:Parliament of Scotland 1084:Wiltshire Constabulary 971:Taylor, David (1997). 873:was authorised by the 850:In one division only. 846:Yorkshire, East Riding 448:County Police Act 1840 444: 323:County Police Act 1840 131:County Police Act 1839 22:County Police Act 1839 3718:Secondary legislation 2373:Parliament of Ireland 1465:Parliament of England 1277:"History of Policing" 892:Short Titles Act 1896 875:Short Titles Act 1896 440: 227:Provisions of the act 159:Justices of the Peace 3639:Acts of Senedd Cymru 3570:European Communities 1439:Charter of Liberties 1364:Winchester Chronicle 806:Only in one of four 612:Adopted act in 1839 454:c. 88). It provided 291:Establishing a force 250:operating under the 196:Charles Shaw Lefevre 153:. It was one of the 3544:Halsbury's Statutes 1456:of states preceding 1454:Acts of parliaments 1366:. 28 December 1839. 1337:Essex Police Museum 1143:. pp. 359–371. 324: 221:Metropolitan Police 23: 3550:Legislation.gov.uk 2401:Acts of Parliament 1331:Scollan, Maureen. 1311:Dyfed-Powys Police 1283:on 19 January 2011 1114:. 18 February 1840 1055:. 26 October 1839. 981:. pp. 27–35. 544:: adopted in 1841 243:was insufficient. 157:. The Act enabled 3756: 3755: 3741:Acts of Adjournal 3712: 3711: 3704:1972–2009/2015–16 3677:Orders in Council 3593:Church of England 3587: 3586: 2081: 2080: 1948:Habeas Corpus Act 1859:Petition of Right 1252:on 3 October 2012 988:978-0-7190-4729-9 854: 853: 830:Adopted in 1839. 698:Northamptonshire 428: 427: 405:Other legislation 385:England and Wales 328:Act of Parliament 241:parish constables 212:Lord John Russell 202:and agitation by 163:England and Wales 127: 126: 104:Other legislation 84:England and Wales 73:Lord John Russell 27:Act of Parliament 3796: 3736:Acts of Sederunt 3696:Northern Ireland 3691: 3564:relating to the 3561: 1462: 1413: 1406: 1399: 1390: 1383: 1382: 1374: 1368: 1367: 1359: 1353: 1352: 1350: 1348: 1339:. Archived from 1328: 1322: 1321: 1319: 1317: 1299: 1293: 1292: 1290: 1288: 1273: 1262: 1261: 1259: 1257: 1242: 1236: 1235: 1230:. 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Index

Parliament of the United Kingdom
Long title
Citation
2 & 3 Vict.
Lord John Russell
Royal assent
Repealed by
Police Act 1964
2 & 3 Vict.
Act
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Police Acts 1839 to 1893
Justices of the Peace
England and Wales
County and Borough Police Act 1856
royal commission
Charles Rowan
Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police
Edwin Chadwick
Charles Shaw Lefevre
New Poor Law
Chartists
Home Secretary
Lord John Russell
Shropshire
Metropolitan Police
county
quarter sessions
parish constables
Boroughs

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