758:, false-bedded sandstones and mans, the sandstones being extensively quarried for building purposes. In the sandstones of Corncockle Moor reptilian footprints have been obtained. In the Thornhill basin there is a thin zone of volcanic rocks at the base of this series which are evidently on-the horizon of the lavas beneath the Mauchline sandstones in Ayrshire. In the Sanquhar basin there are small outliers of lavas probably of this age and several vents filled with agglomerate from which these igneous materials in the Thornhill basin may have been derived. There are several striking examples of basalt dikes of Tertiary age, one having been traced from the Lead Hills south-east by Moffat, across
1367:
639:, northeast of Kirkconnel, is an excellent example. Along the northwest margin of the county, on the north side of the fault bounding the Silurian tableland, the Lower Old Red Sandstone occurs, where it consists of sandstones and conglomerates associated with contemporaneous volcanic rocks. The Upper Old Red Sandstone forms a narrow strip on the south side of the Silurian tableland, resting uncomfortably on the Silurian rocks and passing upwards into the Carboniferous formation. It stretches from the county boundary east of the Ewes Water, southwest by
1359:
987:
1019:
1672:
423:, 1,754 ft or 535 m) the Esk flows in a gradually south-easterly direction until it crosses the Border, whence it sweeps to the southwest through the extreme north-western territory of Cumberland and falls into the Solway. Of its total course of 42 miles (68 km), 12 miles (19 km) belong to the White Esk, 20 miles (32 km) are of the Esk proper on Scottish soil and 10 miles (16 km) are of the stream in its English course. On the right the
1525:
971:
232:
53:
734:
shale associated with the tuffs has yielded a large number of new species of fishes, decapod crustaceans, phyllopods and scorpions. The
Triassic rocks rest uncomfortably on all older formations within the county. In the tract along the Solway Firth they repose on the folded and eroded edges of the Carboniferous strata, and when traced westwards to the Dumfries basin they rest directly on the Silurian platform. They occur in five areas:
1011:
1003:
979:
811:
373:
1992:
631:. These consist of greywackes, flags and shales with bands of dark graptolite shales, the finer sediments being often well ground. They are likewise repeated by inverted folds, the axial planes being usually inclined to the southeast. The Silurian tableland in the northwest of the county is pierced by intrusive igneous rocks in the form of dikes and bosses, which are regarded as of Lower
647:. Along this line these Upper Red sandstones and shales are overlaid by a thin zone of volcanic rocks which point to contemporaneous volcanic action in this region at the beginning of the Carboniferous period. Some of the vents from which these igneous materials may have been discharged are found along the watershed between Liddesdale and Teviotdale in Roxburghshire.
995:
733:
The coal seams of the
Rowanburn field have been chiefly wrought, and in view of their exhaustion bores have been sunk to prove the coals beneath the red sandstone of upper Carboniferous age. From a palaeontological point of view the Glencartholm volcanic zone is of special interest, as the calcareous
672:
In the first two instances (Sanquhar and
Thornhill) the Carboniferous sediments lie in hollows worn out of the old Silurian tableland. In the Sanquhar basin the strata belong to the Coal Measures, and include several valuable coal-seams which are probably the southern prolongations of the members of
610:
cherts, black shales, grits, conglomerates, greywackes and shales which rise from underneath the central
Tarannon belt and are repeated by innumerable folds, in the cores of the arches of Arenig cherts there are diabase lavas, tuffs and agglomerates which are typically represented on Bail Hill east
770:
The climate is mild, with a mean annual temperature of around 9 °C (48 °F) (January, 3.6 °C (38.5 °F); July, 15.3 °C (59.5 °F)), and the average annual rainfall is 53 in. Towards the middle of the 18th century farmers began to raise stock for the south, and a hundred
1424:
After the withdrawal of Roman power from
Britain, the situation in Dumfries is not clear. The Selgovae lands were incorporated into the larger Brittonic speaking kingdom of Strathclyde but over time came under pressure, by Gaels from Ireland, Angles from Northumbria and Vikings from Scandinavia.
1504:
were always at strife. There is record of a bloody fight in
Dryfesdale in 1593, when the Johnstones slew 700 Maxwells, and, overtaking the fugitives at Lockerbie, there massacred most of the remnant. These factions embroiled the dalesmen until the 18th century. The uplands of the shire afforded
1425:
There is little writing preserved from this time, and that which did is ecclesiastical in nature. Archaeology, although rich on the ground, has rarely been investigated, and place names, used as an indication of influence, are still argued over by academics.
673:
this division in
Ayrshire. At the S.E. limit of the Sanquhar Coalfield there are patches of the Carboniferous Limestone series, but towards the N. these are overlapped by the Coal Measures which thus rest directly on the Silurian platform. At Closeburn and
575:
of Arenig, Llandeilo, Caradoc and
Llandovery age composed of fine sediments such as cherts, black and grey shales, white clays and flags, which come to the surface along anticlinal folds and yield abundant graptolites characteristic of these divisions.
1658:
of the county of
Dumfriesshire was made lord-lieutenant for the combined area of the Nithsdale and Annandale and Eskdale districts when the reforms came into effect in 1975. The districts were abolished in 1996, with their functions passing to
1444:. The conquest of Dumfriesshire by Angles does not seem to have been thorough in the West, where gaelic speaking invaders held sway, the people of Nithsdale and elsewhere maintaining some Celtic institutions up to the time of
605:
In the extreme northwest of the county between
Drumlanrig Castle and Dalveen Pass in the south and the Spango and Kello Waters on the north, there is a broad development of Arenig, Liandeilo and Caradoc strata, represented by
571:, flags and shales, these beds are repeated by innumerable folds frequently inverted, striking northeast and southwest and usually dipping towards the northwest. In the midst of this belt there are lenticular bands of older
504:
so named in the shire, but the passes of Dalveen, Enterkin and Menock, leading up from Nithsdale to the Lowther and other hills, yield to few glens in Scotland in the wild grandeur of their scenery. For part of the way
951:
in Cumberland, giving access to Carlisle. The last passenger train ran on the Langholm branch on 26 March 1967, the last freight service on 17 September in the same year, and the track was lifted shortly thereafter.
680:
The most important development of Carboniferous strata occurs between Liddesdale and Ruthwell. In the valleys of the Liddel and the Esk the following zones are represented, which are given in ascending order:
802:; breweries and distilleries are found at Annan, Sanquhar and elsewhere; some shipping is carried on at Annan and Dumfries; and the salmon fisheries of the Nith and Annan and the Solway Firth are of value.
337:
in Ayrshire, the course of the Nith is mainly south-easterly until it enters the Solway, a few miles below Dumfries. Its total length is 65 mi., and its chief affluents are, on the right, the
791:
or other long-woolled rams. Pig-feeding, once important, has declined before the imports of bacon from foreign countries. Horse breeding is pursued on a considerable scale. Grain crops, of which
2381:. Vol. Transactions of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society (Third series volume LXXX ed.). Council of the Society. pp. 59–80. Archived from
2766:
1562:
Folk history suggests that at Holywood, near Dumfries, there stand the relic of the grove of sacred oaks from which the place derived its name, and a stone circle known locally as the
2308:
2281:
1573:, in which a bomb exploded on an aircraft flying over the town of Lockerbie, killing a total of 270 people. It remains the worst single terrorist attack in British history.
1547:
was born at Ecclefechan, in a house still standing, and was buried beside his parents in the kirkyard of the old Secession church (now the United Free). His farm of
2470:
559:
By far the largest area is occupied by strata of Tarannon and Llandovery age which cover a belt of country from 20 to 25 mi (32 to 40 km) across from
795:
are the principal, show a downward tendency. Arable farms range from 100–300 acres (0.40–1.21 km), and pastoral from 300–3,000 acres (1.2–12.1 km).
2501:
2012:
1598:
470:(12 mi or 19 km), all flowing into the Solway. For 1 mile (1.6 km) of its course the Esk, and for 7 mi (11 km) of its course the
881:
677:
there are beds of marine limestone, associated with sandstones and shales which probably represent marine bands in the Carboniferous Limestone series.
2712:
2007:
798:
In general the industries are only of local importance and mostly confined to Dumfries and a few of the larger towns. Langholm is famous for its
2761:
2247:
2216:
2185:
1628:
1607:
were created in 1667 for each shire, and formed the main administrative body for the area until county councils were created in 1890 under the
2035:
384:, a remarkable chasm in the far north, and after flowing about 40 miles (64 km), mainly in a southerly course, it enters the Solway at
2373:
1632:
1608:
2128:
Boundaries of counties and parishes in Scotland as settled by the Boundary Commissioners under the Local Government (Scotland) Act, 1889
513:, the water of which at a short distance from the lake leaps from a height of 200 ft (61 m) in a fine waterfall, known as the
2312:
2278:
1132:
594:
2072:
1846:
1663:. The Dumfries lieutenancy area continues to cover the combined area of the pre-1996 Nithsdale and Annandale and Eskdale districts.
819:
1760:
and Ae. The Sustrans Route 7 long-distance cycle route also runs through the Dumfriesshire. There is excellent hill walking in the
1611:. The 1889 act also led to a review of boundaries of many of Scotland's counties; in the case of Dumfriesshire the two parishes of
514:
2099:
1586:
1585:
are obscure. There was certainly a shire of Dumfries by 1305, with some suggestion that it had existed from the twelfth century.
1312:
1152:
1087:
662:
522:
509:
runs between mountains rising sheer from the burn to a height of nearly 2,000 ft (610 m) Loch Skene finds an outlet in
326:
194:
2494:
1182:
1590:
1317:
619:
and Ludlow rocks follow in normal order, the boundary between the two being defined by a line extending from the head of the
330:
783:
breeding, of later origin, has attained to remarkable dimensions, the walks in the higher hilly country being given over to
2756:
2150:
1660:
1651:
1421:
at Birrens is one of the best-preserved examples of a Roman camp. Roman altars, urns, and coins are found in many places.
1374:
1366:
1102:
1092:
148:
2467:
1824:
1868:
1757:
1690:
1593:
retained a degree of independence from the sheriff of Dumfries, leaving the sheriff's practical control focussed on the
1563:
1027:
831:
1836:
1456:
1358:
1192:
703:
362:
52:
1082:
1057:
239:
The coastline measures 21 miles (34 km). The county slopes very gradually from the mountainous districts of the
1172:
2487:
1624:
1370:
847:
1683:
The population in 1891 was 74,245, and in 1901, 72,371, when there were 176 persons who spoke Gaelic and English.
1886:
1874:
1842:
1397:(Closeburn), and sculptured stones (Dornock). A number of bank barrows and cursus have recently been discovered.
1292:
788:
220:
2525:
1540:
924:
858:
827:
314:
128:
1480:
As a Border county Dumfriesshire was the scene of stirring deeds at various epochs, especially in the days of
1509:, who, at Sanquhar, published in 1680 their declaration against the king, anticipating the principles of the
2651:
1802:
1552:
787:, and the richer pasture of the low-lying farms being reserved for half-bred lambs, a cross of Cheviots and
579:
These black shale bands are typically developed in Moffatdale; indeed the three typical sections chosen by
2751:
1604:
354:
869:
a small branch to Moffat, now closed. At Lockerbie a cross-country line to Dumfries (now closed), and at
1852:
1636:
1556:
1514:
940:
912:
483:
217:
206:
1807:
1676:
1217:
948:
1811:
1627:
in English Street. In May 1975 the county council was abolished and its functions were transferred to
986:
209:
in medieval times but were gradually superseded as administrative areas by the area controlled by the
2510:
2126:
1481:
1272:
548:
of the south of Scotland which contains representatives of all the divisions of that system from the
475:
264:
136:
1018:
696:
420:
2362:
1777:
1765:
1727:
1510:
1489:
1485:
1445:
1212:
830:
runs through Nithsdale to Dumfries, practically following the course of the River Nith, then on to
405:
381:
358:
268:
140:
1671:
636:
530:
397:
366:
350:
342:
2611:
2242:
2211:
2180:
1644:
1582:
1497:
854:
775:, which were the breed in vogue at first, have been to a large extent replaced by shorthorns and
644:
338:
295:
260:
256:
193:
Dumfriesshire has three traditional subdivisions, based on the three main valleys in the county:
155:
43:
2382:
2296:
1524:
970:
334:
2479:
1222:
510:
231:
2662:
2154:
2031:
1796:
1616:
1597:
area until 1747 when the separate jurisdictions of Annandale and Eskdale were ended under the
1570:
1373:, the former headquarters of Dumfriesshire County Council, and since 1975 the headquarters of
1062:
928:
874:
772:
689:
632:
598:
560:
385:
210:
198:
674:
333:. From the point where it enters Dumfriesshire, 16 mi (26 km) from its source near
2565:
1997:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
1830:
1737:
1157:
835:
580:
545:
244:
240:
213:
of Dumfries, or Dumfriesshire. A Dumfriesshire County Council existed from 1890 until 1975.
2626:
2601:
2596:
2530:
2474:
2285:
1732:
1655:
1277:
1187:
776:
487:
474:, form the boundaries between Dumfriesshire and Cumberland. Between the Esk and Sark lies
2076:
955:
There is also an extensive local bus and coach network throughout the county, centred on
729:(9) Red Sandstones of Canonbie yielding plants characteristic of the Upper Coal Measures.
593:(3) Birkhill shales (Lower Llandovery) occur respectively in the Glenkill Burn north of
2581:
2555:
1880:
1858:
1818:
1548:
1544:
1528:
1493:
1437:
1433:
1032:
889:
885:
717:
424:
1768:
coast to coast walk passes through Dumfriesshire and the 53 mi (85 km) long
1623:
were brought entirely within Dumfriesshire. Dumfriesshire County Council was based at
1381:
Archaeological remains from the neolithic and Bronze Age include stone circles (as in
1010:
1002:
978:
810:
738:(1) between Annan and the mouth of the Esk (the Scottish portion of the Solway Basin),
2745:
2683:
2668:
2606:
2570:
2003:
1998:
1914:
1904:
1769:
916:
901:
799:
784:
771:
years later 20,000 head of heavy cattle were sent yearly to the English markets. The
616:
518:
506:
448:
291:
248:
175:
1543:
on the Nith for three years, and spent the last five years of his life in Dumfries.
2698:
2693:
2673:
2641:
2586:
2550:
1913:
Church of Scotland missionary in Hungary, murdered by Nazis for aiding Jews during
1910:
1773:
1761:
1635:. Two lower-tier district councils were created from parts of Dumfriesshire, being
1536:
1418:
1414:
1400:
The Brittonic tribe which inhabited this part of Scotland was called by the Romans
1237:
1227:
1162:
1077:
1067:
870:
553:
496:
in the north (1,750 feet (530 m) above the sea) and the group of lochs around
463:
459:
447:— the last being an English tributary, and the previous forming the border between
440:
436:
428:
389:
372:
252:
179:
171:
167:
103:
243:
in the north, down to the sea; lofty hills alternating in parts with stretches of
17:
2616:
2237:
2206:
1892:
1862:
1620:
1441:
1386:
1337:
1327:
1322:
1167:
1147:
1142:
1097:
897:
759:
607:
564:
401:
393:
346:
310:
299:
287:
283:
275:
163:
70:
2688:
2656:
2646:
2631:
2621:
2545:
1753:
1518:
1506:
1407:
1347:
1202:
1112:
620:
612:
533:, some 3 miles (4.8 km) farther north, Closeburn and Brow on the Solway.
493:
471:
467:
452:
444:
432:
306:
274:
The principal mountains occur near the northern boundaries, the highest being
187:
2727:
2714:
1406:. They have left many signs of their presence, such as hill forts and camps (
2560:
2267:
2175:
1781:
1708:
1640:
1594:
1342:
1297:
1257:
1247:
1242:
1207:
1197:
1137:
1127:
936:
932:
920:
893:
710:
624:
568:
497:
416:
412:
322:
279:
202:
2678:
2540:
2514:
1702:
1696:
1429:
1402:
1382:
1307:
1302:
1267:
1232:
1122:
1117:
1072:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
956:
944:
866:
843:
839:
655:
640:
628:
542:
159:
144:
75:
63:
2016:. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 663.
1749:
1449:
1390:
1287:
1282:
1252:
1107:
905:
862:
823:
755:
572:
183:
182:, and on the other side of the border between Scotland and England the
927:
was closed in the 1960s. There are vague plans to reopen this line to
517:. A much smaller but picturesque fall of the same name, also known as
2636:
2535:
1714:
1612:
1452:
1332:
1262:
1177:
549:
526:
318:
1677:
https://archive.org/stream/imperialgazettee01wils#page/n542/mode/1up
994:
567:
in the south. Consisting of massive grits, sometimes conglomeratic,
216:
Since 1975, the area of the historic county has formed part of the
1896:
1670:
1523:
1460:
1394:
1365:
1357:
1017:
1009:
1001:
993:
985:
977:
969:
809:
780:
371:
230:
1643:
covering the west of the county and a small part of neighbouring
2591:
1501:
1417:
into Clydesdale and up the Annan to Tweeddale, and the ruins of
501:
479:
271:
in the east, all once under water, but since largely reclaimed.
2483:
880:
From Dumfries westwards there were rail communications on the '
2344:
1900:
792:
541:
The greater portion of the county of Dumfries belongs to the
1699:(pop. in 1901, 14,440, pop. in 1951 26,322, in 2001 37,846),
1517:’s ambition left the shire comparatively untouched, for the
1410:). The country around Moffat especially is rich in remains.
2333:
2073:"Clipper Maid of the Seas: Remembering those on flight 103"
1899:) portrayed, among many other roles, Private Frazer in the
650:
The strata of Carboniferous age are found in three areas:
1711:(pop. in 1901, 2,358, pop. in 1951 2,621, in 2001 4,009),
1705:(pop. in 1901, 3,142, pop. in 1951 2,404, in 2001 2,311),
1492:, and the factions of Bruce (who was lord of Annandale),
1693:(pop. in 1901, 4,309 pop. in 1951 4,631, in 2001 8,389),
1535:
Dumfriesshire is inseparably connected with the name of
2372:
Wegner, Timo (2006). James Williams; R. McEwen (eds.).
2047:
1459:
were probably originally attached to a portable wooden
1448:, although this is not certain. Around 50 fragments of
427:
is the chief affluent, and on the left it receives the
1619:
which had previously both straddled Dumfriesshire and
1432:(pron. Rivvel: the rood, or cross, well) is preserved
615:. Along the southern margin of the Tarannon belt, the
668:(3) in the district between Liddesdale and Ruthwell.
321:
by which the county is cloven from north to south —
2364:
Fragments of gilt bronze mounts, From Dumfriesshire
388:Headlands and bays. It receives, on the right, the
102:
94:
86:
81:
69:
59:
34:
1413:There are traces of the Roman roads which ran by
486:, cutting through the area formerly known as the
1839:, physician, reformer, writer, and civil servant
1799:, US Representative and US Senator from Kentucky
1675:Dumfriesshire Civil Parish map. Published 1854.
962:There are no commercial airports in the county.
2297:Website with walking routes in the Moffat hills
251:. At various points within a few miles of the
178:to the east. To the south is the coast of the
151:covers a similar area to the historic county.
2495:
2268:Website for the 7Stanes Mountain Bike Trails.
1455:mounts found in Dumfriesshire and now at the
873:a line that ultimately crossed the Solway to
834:and lower Annandale to the English border at
8:
2238:"The Lord-Lieutenants (Scotland) Order 1996"
2155:"English Street, County Buildings (LB26174)"
1752:mountain biking centres in Dumfriesshire at
1581:The origins of Dumfriesshire as a county or
1521:sentiment made little appeal to the people.
931:as a continuation of the new rail link from
1792:Notable people from Dumfriesshire include:
1599:Heritable Jurisdictions (Scotland) Act 1746
865:runs through Annandale, which threw off at
747:(4) the Lochmaben basin (Middle Annandale),
744:(3) the Thornhill basin (Middle Nithsdale),
2767:Counties of the United Kingdom (1801–1922)
2502:
2488:
2480:
1780:. There is also sailing on Castle Loch at
1717:(pop. in 1901, 2,530, pop. in 1951 2,114).
1569:In 1988 Dumfriesshire was the site of the
587:(1) the Glenkill shales (Upper Llandeilo),
31:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1955:
741:(2) the Dumfries basin (Lower Nithsdale),
500:, are the principal lakes. There are few
154:In terms of historic counties it borders
1953:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1931:
101:
80:
68:
58:
49:
2176:"Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973"
2059:
1629:Dumfries and Galloway Regional Council
583:to illustrate his three great groups:
2375:The Dumfriesshire Mounts reconsidered
2309:"Website for the Southern Upland Way"
597:, on Hartfell and in Dobbs Linn near
317:, the basins of which form the great
93:
90:1,063 sq mi (2,753 km)
85:
7:
2075:. panamair.org. 2007. Archived from
1639:covering the east of the county and
1633:Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973
1609:Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889
814:Annan railway station, built in 1848
2455:Drumlanrig Castle and the Douglases
2030:. Stroud : The History Press.
1861:, first British political agent to
1748:There are three of the world class
635:age. Of these, the granite mass of
466:(17 mi or 27 km) and the
2131:. Edinburgh: W. Green. p. 337
1500:were at constant feud. The Border
947:(via Canonbie and Gilnockie) from
590:(2) the Hartfell shales (Caradoc),
415:(rising near Ettrick Pen) and the
298:(2,285 ft or 696 m) and
25:
2207:"The Lord-Lieutenants Order 1975"
2100:"Of its establishment as a Shire"
820:Glasgow and South Western Railway
305:The three longest rivers are the
2511:Former local government counties
2410:History of the Burgh of Dumfries
2345:Annandale Sailing Club's website
1990:
601:in the basin of the river Annan.
462:(18 mi or 29 km), the
376:The Devil's Beef Tub near Moffat
51:
1776:into the Moffat hills near the
939:opened in 2015. Until 1967 the
302:(2,269 ft or 692 m).
294:(2,377 ft or 725 m),
290:(2,389 ft or 728 m),
286:(2,412 ft or 735 m),
282:(2,651 ft or 808 m),
278:(2,695 ft or 821 m),
223:for local government purposes.
525:. Mineral waters are found at
521:, occurs on the Crichope near
255:are tracts of moss land, like
1:
2762:Lieutenancy areas of Scotland
2422:J. Macdonald and J. Barbour,
2419:(Edinburgh and London, 1897);
2361:National Museum of Scotland.
2151:Historic Environment Scotland
2026:Wickham-Jones, C. R. (2009),
1667:Historical population figures
1661:Dumfries and Galloway Council
1559:in classics and mathematics.
1465:
1375:Dumfries and Galloway Council
205:. These had been independent
1869:Patrick Miller of Dalswinton
1440:characters the story of the
1434:an ancient Anglo-Saxon cross
2424:Birrens and its Antiquities
2367:. National Museum Scotland.
2279:Route 7 on Sustrans website
2048:National Museum of Scotland
850:, but this closed in 1949.
704:Glencartholm Volcanic Group
411:From the confluence of the
396:), and — on the left — the
29:Historic county in Scotland
2783:
2448:Annandale under the Bruces
1679:Boundaries outlined in red
1505:retreat to the persecuted
848:Cairn Valley Light Railway
838:. A branch was built from
357:, and — on the left — the
2521:
2098:Chalmers, George (1824).
2028:The Landscape of Scotland
1855:, inventor of the bicycle
723:(7) Rowanburn coal group,
623:in Eskdale, southwest by
380:The Annan rises near the
50:
41:
2106:. London. pp. 68–70
1889:, geologist and explorer
1428:In the parish church of
726:(8) Byreburn coal group,
685:(1) The Whita Sandstone,
2431:The Book of Carlaverock
2013:Encyclopædia Britannica
1871:, engineer and inventor
1605:Commissioners of Supply
908:all closed and lifted.
762:to the English border.
1803:John Graham (botanist)
1680:
1577:Administrative history
1555:in order to found the
1532:
1378:
1363:
1023:
1015:
1007:
999:
991:
983:
975:
877:which is also closed.
815:
766:Climate and industries
754:The strata consist of
713:group with Coal-seams,
377:
236:
132:
2417:Dumfries and Galloway
2415:Sir Herbert Maxwell,
2334:Annandale Way website
2284:10 March 2013 at the
2248:The National Archives
2217:The National Archives
2186:The National Archives
2125:Shennan, Hay (1892).
1853:Kirkpatrick Macmillan
1674:
1637:Annandale and Eskdale
1527:
1515:Prince Charles Edward
1369:
1361:
1021:
1013:
1005:
997:
989:
981:
973:
943:sent a short line to
941:North British Railway
913:North British Railway
813:
484:Anglo-Scottish border
458:Other rivers are the
375:
234:
218:Dumfries and Galloway
2757:Counties of Scotland
2429:Sir William Fraser,
1686:Of the chief towns:
1557:John Welsh bursaries
1553:Edinburgh University
1529:Craigenputtock House
750:(5) Upper Annandale.
355:River Cargen, Cargen
133:Siorrachd Dhùn Phris
2724: /
2473:11 May 2006 at the
2433:(Edinburgh, 1873);
1837:Sir Andrew Halliday
1766:Southern Upland Way
1728:Caerlaverock Castle
1654:purposes, the last
1511:glorious Revolution
1490:Caerlaverock Castle
1213:Kirkpatrick-Fleming
900:, with branches to
392:(reinforced by the
162:to the north-west,
141:registration county
2612:Kirkcudbrightshire
2443:(Edinburgh, 1894);
2441:The Annandale Book
2437:(Edinburgh, 1885);
2412:(Edinburgh, 1887);
2243:legislation.gov.uk
2212:legislation.gov.uk
2181:legislation.gov.uk
1744:Outdoor activities
1722:Places of interest
1681:
1645:Kirkcudbrightshire
1533:
1513:by several years.
1379:
1364:
1362:The Ruthwell Cross
1024:
1016:
1008:
1000:
992:
984:
976:
855:Caledonian Railway
816:
378:
237:
174:to the north, and
156:Kirkcudbrightshire
121:County of Dumfries
87: • Total
18:County of Dumfries
2707:
2706:
2663:Ross and Cromarty
2457:(Dumfries, 1876).
2426:(Dumfries, 1897);
2354:Secondary sources
2062:, pp. 59–80.
2036:978-0-7524-1484-3
1797:James Burnie Beck
1772:travels from the
1617:Kirkpatrick-Juxta
1571:Lockerbie bombing
1218:Kirkpatrick Juxta
949:Riddings Junction
690:Cementstone group
633:Old Red Sandstone
561:Drumlanrig Castle
267:in the west, and
235:The Lowther Hills
125:Shire of Dumfries
114:
113:
16:(Redirected from
2774:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2728:55.167°N 3.500°W
2725:
2722:
2721:
2720:
2717:
2566:Clackmannanshire
2504:
2497:
2490:
2481:
2435:The Douglas Book
2397:
2395:
2393:
2387:
2380:
2368:
2347:
2342:
2336:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2315:on 29 April 2012
2311:. Archived from
2305:
2299:
2294:
2288:
2276:
2270:
2265:
2259:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2079:on 26 March 2008
2069:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2045:
2039:
2038:. pp. 157 - 158.
2024:
2018:
2017:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1987:
1875:William Paterson
1847:Jardine Matheson
1831:Andy Goldsworthy
1815:
1778:Devil's Beef Tub
1738:Sweetheart Abbey
1625:County Buildings
1539:, who farmed at
1476:
1474:
1470:
1467:
1371:County Buildings
581:Charles Lapworth
563:in the north to
515:Grey Mare's Tail
382:Devil's Beef Tub
247:or rich fertile
241:Southern Uplands
149:lieutenancy area
98:Ranked 8th of 34
55:
32:
21:
2782:
2781:
2777:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2772:
2771:
2742:
2741:
2732:
2730:
2726:
2723:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2703:
2602:Kincardineshire
2597:Inverness-shire
2517:
2508:
2475:Wayback Machine
2464:
2405:
2403:Further reading
2400:
2391:
2389:
2388:on 4 March 2016
2385:
2378:
2371:
2360:
2356:
2351:
2350:
2343:
2339:
2332:
2328:
2318:
2316:
2307:
2306:
2302:
2295:
2291:
2286:Wayback Machine
2277:
2273:
2266:
2262:
2253:
2251:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2222:
2220:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2191:
2189:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2159:
2157:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2134:
2132:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2109:
2107:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2082:
2080:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2058:
2054:
2046:
2042:
2025:
2021:
2006:, ed. (1911). "
2002:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1933:
1928:
1926:Primary sources
1923:
1843:William Jardine
1805:
1790:
1746:
1733:Dumfries Museum
1724:
1669:
1656:lord-lieutenant
1579:
1564:Twelve Apostles
1472:
1468:
1464:
1457:national museum
1436:which tells in
1356:
1278:Newton Wamphray
1188:Johnstonebridge
968:
808:
768:
665:near Thornhill,
658:and Kirkconnel,
539:
488:Debatable Lands
482:that forms the
265:Longbridge Moor
229:
147:. The Dumfries
137:historic county
129:Scottish Gaelic
110:
46:
44:Historic county
37:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2780:
2778:
2770:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2744:
2743:
2733:55.167; -3.500
2705:
2704:
2702:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2660:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2582:Dunbartonshire
2579:
2574:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2499:
2492:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2463:
2462:External links
2460:
2459:
2458:
2453:C. T. Ramage,
2451:
2450:(Annan, 1887);
2444:
2438:
2427:
2420:
2413:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2369:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2337:
2326:
2300:
2289:
2271:
2260:
2229:
2198:
2167:
2142:
2117:
2090:
2064:
2052:
2040:
2019:
2004:Chisholm, Hugh
1930:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1908:
1890:
1887:Joseph Thomson
1884:
1881:Thomas Telford
1878:
1872:
1866:
1859:James MacMurdo
1856:
1850:
1840:
1834:
1828:
1822:
1819:Thomas Carlyle
1816:
1800:
1789:
1786:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1712:
1706:
1700:
1694:
1668:
1665:
1578:
1575:
1549:Craigenputtock
1545:Thomas Carlyle
1541:Ellisland Farm
1355:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
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1280:
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1270:
1265:
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1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
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1200:
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1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1033:Applegarthtown
1030:
967:
964:
890:Newton Stewart
886:Castle Douglas
818:As built, the
807:
806:Communications
804:
779:dairy cattle.
767:
764:
752:
751:
748:
745:
742:
739:
731:
730:
727:
724:
721:
718:Millstone Grit
714:
707:
700:
697:Fell Sandstone
693:
686:
670:
669:
666:
659:
603:
602:
599:St Mary's Loch
591:
588:
538:
535:
425:Wauchope Water
421:Jocks Shoulder
228:
225:
112:
111:
108:
106:
100:
99:
96:
92:
91:
88:
84:
83:
79:
78:
73:
67:
66:
61:
57:
56:
48:
47:
42:
39:
38:
35:
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2779:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2752:Dumfriesshire
2750:
2749:
2747:
2740:
2737:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2684:Stirlingshire
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2669:Roxburghshire
2667:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2607:Kinross-shire
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2577:Dumfriesshire
2575:
2572:
2571:Cromartyshire
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2526:Aberdeenshire
2524:
2523:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2505:
2500:
2498:
2493:
2491:
2486:
2485:
2482:
2476:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2456:
2452:
2449:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2425:
2421:
2418:
2414:
2411:
2408:W. M'Dowall,
2407:
2406:
2402:
2384:
2377:
2376:
2370:
2366:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2353:
2346:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2330:
2327:
2314:
2310:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2283:
2280:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2264:
2261:
2250:, SI 1996/731
2249:
2245:
2244:
2239:
2233:
2230:
2219:, SI 1975/428
2218:
2214:
2213:
2208:
2202:
2199:
2187:
2183:
2182:
2177:
2171:
2168:
2156:
2152:
2146:
2143:
2130:
2129:
2121:
2118:
2105:
2101:
2094:
2091:
2078:
2074:
2068:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2053:
2049:
2044:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2023:
2020:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2008:Dumfriesshire
2005:
2000:
1999:public domain
1986:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1925:
1920:
1916:
1915:the Holocaust
1912:
1909:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1867:
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1860:
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1835:
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1804:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1770:Annandale Way
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1743:
1739:
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1734:
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1729:
1726:
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1234:
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1206:
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1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
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1026:
1025:
1020:
1012:
1004:
996:
988:
980:
972:
965:
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958:
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950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
909:
907:
903:
902:Kirkcudbright
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
878:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
851:
849:
845:
841:
837:
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821:
812:
805:
803:
801:
796:
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790:
786:
782:
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774:
765:
763:
761:
757:
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746:
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735:
728:
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719:
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532:
528:
524:
520:
519:Crichope Linn
516:
512:
508:
507:Enterkin Pass
503:
499:
495:
491:
489:
485:
481:
478:, a man-made
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
456:
454:
450:
449:Roxburghshire
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
419:(rising near
418:
414:
409:
407:
406:Water of Milk
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
374:
370:
368:
364:
360:
359:River Crawick
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
303:
301:
297:
293:
292:Lowther Hills
289:
285:
281:
277:
272:
270:
269:Nutberry Moss
266:
262:
258:
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250:
246:
242:
233:
226:
224:
222:
219:
214:
212:
208:
204:
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196:
191:
189:
185:
181:
177:
176:Roxburghshire
173:
169:
165:
161:
158:to the west,
157:
152:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
117:Dumfriesshire
107:
105:
97:
89:
77:
74:
72:
65:
62:
54:
45:
40:
36:Dumfriesshire
33:
27:
19:
2709:
2699:Wigtownshire
2694:West Lothian
2674:Selkirkshire
2652:Renfrewshire
2642:Peeblesshire
2587:East Lothian
2576:
2551:Berwickshire
2468:Dalveen Pass
2454:
2447:
2446:G. Neilson,
2440:
2434:
2430:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2390:. Retrieved
2383:the original
2374:
2363:
2340:
2329:
2317:. Retrieved
2313:the original
2303:
2292:
2274:
2263:
2252:, retrieved
2241:
2232:
2221:, retrieved
2210:
2201:
2190:, retrieved
2188:, 1973 c. 65
2179:
2170:
2158:. Retrieved
2145:
2133:. Retrieved
2127:
2120:
2108:. Retrieved
2103:
2093:
2081:. Retrieved
2077:the original
2067:
2055:
2043:
2027:
2022:
2011:
1911:Jane Haining
1825:Henry Duncan
1791:
1774:Solway Firth
1762:Moffat Hills
1747:
1685:
1682:
1649:
1603:
1580:
1568:
1561:
1551:was left to
1537:Robert Burns
1534:
1482:Robert Bruce
1479:
1427:
1423:
1419:Blatobulgium
1415:Dalveen Pass
1412:
1401:
1399:
1380:
1238:Locharbriggs
1228:Kirtlebridge
1163:Gretna Green
1078:Carronbridge
1068:Caerlaverock
961:
954:
910:
879:
871:Kirtlebridge
852:
817:
797:
769:
753:
732:
679:
671:
654:(1) between
649:
637:Spango Water
604:
578:
558:
554:Ludlow rocks
540:
531:Hartfell Spa
492:
464:Kirtle Water
460:Lochar Water
457:
441:Liddel Water
437:Tarras Water
429:Meggat Water
410:
398:Moffat Water
390:Kinnel Water
379:
367:River Campie
363:Carron Water
351:Cluden Water
343:Euchan Water
304:
273:
238:
221:council area
215:
192:
180:Solway Firth
172:Selkirkshire
168:Peeblesshire
153:
143:in southern
124:
120:
116:
115:
104:Chapman code
26:
2731: /
2665:(from 1889)
2617:Lanarkshire
2319:23 February
2254:25 November
2223:27 November
2192:22 November
2060:Wegner 2006
1893:John Laurie
1863:Cutch State
1827:, clergyman
1806: [
1652:lieutenancy
1621:Lanarkshire
1507:Covenanters
1498:John Baliol
1442:Crucifixion
1387:Eskdalemuir
1338:Wanlockhead
1328:Tundergarth
1323:Torthorwald
1168:Half Morton
1148:Eskdalemuir
1143:Ecclefechan
1133:Eaglesfield
1098:Cummertrees
1022:Wanlockhead
966:Settlements
898:Portpatrick
760:Eskdalemuir
709:(5) Marine
645:Birrenswark
608:Radiolarian
595:Kirkmichael
565:Torthorwald
476:Scots' Dyke
402:Dryfe Water
394:Water of Ae
347:Scaur Water
339:Kello Water
311:River Annan
300:Ettrick Pen
288:Swatte Fell
284:Saddle Yoke
276:White Coomb
261:Lochar Moss
257:Craigs Moss
164:Lanarkshire
71:County town
2746:Categories
2689:Sutherland
2657:Ross-shire
2647:Perthshire
2632:Nairnshire
2622:Midlothian
2546:Banffshire
2135:6 December
2110:6 December
1921:References
1905:Dad's Army
1883:, engineer
1833:, sculptor
1821:, essayist
1754:Dalbeattie
1631:under the
1494:John Comyn
1473: 800
1471: – c.
1469: 750
1408:Dryfesdale
1348:Westerkirk
1203:Kirkconnel
1113:Dryfesdale
919:route, to
789:Leicesters
621:Ewes Water
613:Kirkconnel
569:greywackes
494:Loch Skeen
472:River Sark
468:River Sark
453:Cumberland
445:River Lyne
433:Ewes Water
335:Enoch Hill
307:River Nith
296:Queensbury
188:Cumberland
186:county of
2659:(to 1889)
2573:(to 1889)
2561:Caithness
2392:5 January
2104:Caledonia
1782:Lochmaben
1709:Lockerbie
1641:Nithsdale
1595:Nithsdale
1587:Annandale
1488:besieged
1343:Waterbeck
1313:Thornhill
1298:Rowanburn
1258:Middlebie
1248:Lockerbie
1243:Lochmaben
1223:Kirkstyle
1208:Kirkmahoe
1198:Kelloholm
1153:Glencairn
1138:Eastriggs
1128:Durisdeer
1088:Closeburn
1006:Lochmaben
937:Tweedbank
933:Edinburgh
921:Edinburgh
894:Stranraer
882:Port Road
773:Galloways
711:limestone
663:Closeburn
625:Lockerbie
546:tableland
523:Thornhill
511:Tail Burn
498:Lochmaben
417:Black Esk
413:White Esk
327:Annandale
323:Nithsdale
315:River Esk
280:Hart Fell
245:tableland
227:Geography
207:provinces
203:Nithsdale
195:Annandale
2679:Shetland
2541:Ayrshire
2515:Scotland
2471:Archived
2282:Archived
1877:, banker
1865:in India
1703:Langholm
1697:Dumfries
1519:Jacobite
1486:Edward I
1430:Ruthwell
1403:Selgovae
1383:Dunscore
1308:Sanquhar
1303:Ruthwell
1268:Mouswald
1233:Langholm
1183:Holywood
1123:Dunscore
1118:Dumfries
1083:Claygate
1073:Canonbie
1063:Burnhead
1058:Burnfoot
1053:Boreland
1048:Bentpath
1043:Beattock
1038:Arkleton
998:Langholm
990:Dunscore
982:Dumfries
957:Dumfries
945:Langholm
929:Carlisle
925:Carlisle
917:Waverley
867:Beattock
859:Carlisle
844:Moniaive
840:Dumfries
828:Carlisle
785:Cheviots
777:Ayrshire
702:(4) the
695:(3) the
688:(2) the
656:Sanquhar
641:Langholm
629:Mouswald
543:Silurian
404:and the
386:Barnkirk
313:and the
160:Ayrshire
145:Scotland
76:Dumfries
64:Scotland
2716:55°10′N
2160:18 July
2001::
1903:sitcom
1849:founder
1750:7Stanes
1591:Eskdale
1446:David I
1354:History
1318:Tinwald
1288:Powfoot
1283:Penpont
1253:Mennock
1173:Harelaw
1108:Dornock
906:Wigtown
875:Bowness
863:Glasgow
824:Glasgow
756:breccia
675:Barjarg
661:(2) at
617:Wenlock
552:to the
537:Geology
331:Eskdale
211:sheriff
199:Eskdale
184:English
135:) is a
119:or the
60:Country
2719:3°30′W
2637:Orkney
2536:Argyll
2083:8 June
2034:
1995:
1788:People
1764:. The
1715:Moffat
1613:Moffat
1453:bronze
1395:cairns
1391:tumuli
1333:Tynron
1273:Newbie
1263:Moffat
1178:Hoddom
1158:Gretna
1103:Dalton
1093:Collin
1014:Moffat
846:, the
836:Gretna
800:tweeds
573:strata
550:Arenig
527:Moffat
400:, the
309:, the
253:Solway
95:
2627:Moray
2531:Angus
2386:(PDF)
2379:(PDF)
1897:Actor
1814:]
1758:Mabie
1691:Annan
1583:shire
1502:clans
1461:cross
1438:Runic
1028:Annan
974:Annan
923:from
884:' to
857:from
832:Annan
822:from
781:Sheep
502:glens
319:dales
249:holms
2592:Fife
2556:Bute
2394:2017
2321:2012
2256:2022
2225:2022
2194:2022
2162:2021
2137:2022
2112:2022
2085:2008
2032:ISBN
1650:For
1615:and
1589:and
1531:1829
1496:and
1450:gilt
1393:and
1385:and
1293:Rigg
1193:Keir
911:The
904:and
896:and
853:The
793:oats
716:(6)
480:berm
451:and
443:and
365:and
353:and
329:and
263:and
201:and
170:and
139:and
82:Area
2513:of
2010:".
1901:BBC
1389:),
935:to
915:'s
861:to
842:to
826:to
643:to
627:to
611:of
123:or
109:DFS
2748::
2246:,
2240:,
2215:,
2209:,
2184:,
2178:,
2153:.
2102:.
1934:^
1845:,
1812:es
1810:;
1808:de
1784:.
1756:,
1647:.
1601:.
1566:.
1484:.
1477:.
1475:AD
1466:c.
1463:,
959:.
892:,
888:,
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529:,
490:.
455:.
439:,
435:,
431:,
408:.
369:.
361:,
349:,
345:,
341:,
325:,
259:,
197:,
190:.
166:,
131::
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2496:t
2489:v
2396:.
2323:.
2164:.
2139:.
2114:.
2087:.
2050:.
1907:.
1895:(
1377:.
720:,
706:,
699:,
692:,
127:(
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