20:
374:
270:. The rulings of the Council of Nicaea had brought an end to the iconoclastic controversy between the Popes and the Byzantine emperors. The Council of Frankfurt rejected the rulings of the Council of Nicaea. The rejection derived from the loss of prestige Charlemagne had suffered at not being represented at the Council of Nicaea, which led him to consider the council
202:
The topics and items of discussion at the
Council of Frankfurt were gathered together in 56 chapters, covering a number of points of varying theological, political and legal significance. The first five points of this agenda have been granted the greatest historical significance in historical
350:
Establishment of fixed prices for grain and bread in the
Frankish realm to prevent overcharging. This chapter especially stressed the responsibility of all liege lords to ensure that their vassals not suffer from
392:
on various topics, with a ban on collecting money for entrance to monasteries and other decisions pertaining to ecclesiastical law, as well as with minutiae of tax regulations relating to the collection of the
416:) does not survive in the original manuscript, but handwritten copies from the late ninth century as well as the tenth and eleventh centuries are preserved to this day. Two of these are kept in the
339:. Tassilo renounced all right to rule and all his property and was sent back to the monastery, where he died in 796. His humiliation at the council of 794 sealed Carolingian control of the
335:
and attend the
Council of 794 in order to perform atonement once more. The deposed duke asked Charlemagne for forgiveness for his earlier resistance to him and for his pacts with the
480:
Charlemagne stayed at
Frankfurt for about seven months. He used his stay for jurisprudence and the production of theological opinions and papers, and also celebrated Easter there.
365:) it appears that new silver pennies bearing the monogram of Charlemagne were to be minted throughout the realm. Therefore the Carolingian monetary reform and the creation of the
292:
Because the Pope had to take account of
Byzantium as well as the Franks in his decisions, he had allowed the rulings of Nicaea to be accepted but only with reservations. In the
855:
331:
in 788, Tassilo was sentenced to death for these crimes – later commuted to withdrawal to a monastery. He was required to come out of sequestration in the French
432:
was also written in this script is not certain; on the basis of the historical development of this script and its use in the
Frankish realm, its use in the
428:, the script which was developed at the end of the eighth century and in use in the time of Charlemagne. Whether the original manuscript of the
282:, which had been produced previously by Frankish theologians on the order of Charlemagne concerning the Byzantine iconoclastic controversy: the
243:(792), but had continued to teach it. In its decision, the Council of 794 made reference to the rulings of previous councils, especially of the
860:
220:
527:. Publikation zur Ausstellung der Stadt Frankfurt am Main »794 – Karl der Große in Frankfurt«. Jan Thorbecke Verlag, Sigmaringen 1994.
361:
introduced a short time before, declaring this system binding. In the report of the
Council of Frankfurt (cf. MGH, Cap. I, p. 74,
296:
summarising the conclusions of the
Council of Frankfurt, the rejection of image worship was formulated as "complete" and "unanimous".
122:(destruction of icons), "allowing that images could be useful educational devices, but denying that they were worthy of veneration."
590:
in a subsidiary community of the
Metropolitanate of Mainz in the land of Germany in a well-known place, which is called Franconofurd
550:
532:
239:
by the council. Both
Elipando and Felix had already been censured for this position when it was classed as a false doctrine at the
461:
is the occasion of the first documentary evidence of the city – in a royal charter of the council of the 22nd of February 794 for
890:
885:
880:
106:
and with which Charlemagne took issue because no Frankish churchmen had been invited. Ultimately, the council condemned the
865:
388:
The fifty one chapters following these first five dealt, among other things, with synodal decrees for several Spanish
488:
417:
328:
151:
586:...in suburbanis Moguntiae metropolitane civitatis regione Germanie in loco caelebri qui di(citu)r Franconofurd.
450:
228:
91:
19:
83:, held in June 794, allowed the discussion and resolution of many central religious and political questions.
131:
240:
462:
255:
tradition. In the course of its condemnation of Adoptianism, the council also touched on the addition of
581:
425:
135:
850:
267:
244:
171:
32:
377:
212:
139:
87:
312:
271:
147:
870:
546:
528:
373:
366:
332:
248:
76:
454:
344:
232:
224:
95:
453:, which has often been attributed to Charlemagne in the past but was only built by his son
336:
308:
99:
509:
405:
400:
The rulings of the Council of 794 were compiled by hand and published in the form of a
324:
284:
187:
179:
52:
844:
577:
319:
in 763 and had thereby broken his allegiance. In 787 he did not attend Charlemagne's
167:
875:
602:
474:
260:
523:
Johannes Fried, Rainer Koch, Lieselotte E. Saurma-Jelsch, Andreas Tiegel (Hrsg.):
445:
The council took place in a seventh century building on what was later known as
384:
minted by Charlemagne from 793 with Charlemagne's monogram in the centre (right)
305:
301:
208:
143:
107:
48:
215:
which had arisen in Spain. This position was notably supported at that time by
466:
401:
340:
293:
275:
252:
119:
103:
626:
316:
279:
175:
163:
115:
60:
483:
During his stay in Frankfurt, on 10 August 794, Charlemagne's fourth wife
484:
381:
256:
216:
68:
603:"The Great Schism: The Estrangement of Eastern and Western Christendom"
155:
56:
559:. Frankfurt am Main, im Verlag von Waldemar Kramer. Ohne Jahresangabe.
389:
320:
236:
358:
178:. Theophylactus and Stephen of Rome took part as representatives of
86:
The chief concerns of the council were the Frankish response to the
545:
Rowohlt Taschenbuch Verlag, rm 187, Reinbek bei Hamburg 1972.
525:
794 – Karl der Große in Frankfurt am Main: ein König bei der Arbeit
755:
Auf dem Weg ins Schisma: Die Aachener Synode 809 und das filioque.
496:
421:
394:
372:
354:
80:
64:
18:
159:
130:
The participants in the Frankfurt synod included, among others,
111:
667:
Frankfurt am Main als Ort christlich-abendländischer Begegnung,
110:
heresy and revoked the Nicene Council's decrees regarding holy
557:
Frankfurt am Main als Ort christlich-abendländischer Begegnung
520:
Standardwerk zur Kirchengeschichte, Bd. 6, Paris 1941.
449:(Cathedral hill). This building was a predecessor of the
471:
actum super fluvium Moin in loco nuncupante Franconofurd
247:(451), which had laid down "the pure teaching of the
653:. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. Page 189.
51:, as a meeting of the important churchmen of the
311:. The Duke had refused to aid the Frankish king
786:. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. p. 41.
576:Lines 3–6 of a medieval manuscript, written in
469:. In this document, written in Latin, it says
716:
714:
627:"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Council of Frankfort"
537:Kurt Krusenberg (Hrsg.), Wolfgang Braunfels:
8:
734:
732:
730:
698:
696:
694:
692:
690:
688:
190:counts the Council of Frankfurt among the "
457:around 822. This visit of Charlemagne to
856:Catholic Church councils held in Germany
707:Zur Bedeutung des Frankfurter Kapitulars
661:
659:
569:
274:. The Council of Frankfurt possessed a
784:The Early Middle Ages: Europe 400-1000
651:The Early Middle Ages: Europe 400-1000
369:can be dated to the years 793 and 794.
7:
820:794 – Karl der Große in Frankfurt,
808:794 – Karl der Große in Frankfurt,
477:in the place named Franconofurd").
198:Topics and outcomes of the Council
94:(787), which had been held by the
14:
832:794 – Karl der Große in Frankfurt
796:794 – Karl der Große in Frankfurt
739:794 – Karl der Große in Frankfurt
703:794 – Karl der Große in Frankfurt
186:. The French church historian
1:
327:. At the following Hoftag in
154:, as well as many bishops of
194:synods of the whole church"
861:8th-century church councils
682:p. 142 (Emphasis original).
580:(upper two paragraphs) and
359:Carolingian monetary reform
55:. Bishops and priests from
907:
118:(veneration of icons) and
90:movement in Spain and the
743:Das Frankfurter Kapitular
451:Royal Palace of Frankfurt
410:Capitulary of the Council
363:Synodus Franconofurtensis
152:Smaragdus of Saint-Mihiel
43:, traditionally also the
541:Erschienen in der Reihe
487:died. She was buried in
300:The final deposition of
92:Second Council of Nicaea
23:Mention of Frankfurt as
891:Christianity in Francia
782:McKitterick, Rosamond.
680:L’Histoire de l’Eglise,
649:McKitterick, Rosamond.
518:L’Histoire de l’Eglise.
514:L’Epoche carolingienne,
235:, and was condemned as
227:(717 – c. 800), and by
47:, in 794 was called by
886:8th century in Germany
881:8th century in Francia
543:Rowohlts Monographien,
424:. They are written in
418:Bibliothèque Nationale
385:
251:of the savior" in the
36:
772:Tassilos Unterwerfung
582:Carolingian minuscule
426:Carolingian minuscule
376:
266:Discussion about the
241:Council of Regensburg
136:Patriarch of Aquileia
22:
866:History of Frankfurt
770:pp. 49 ff.: chapter
766:Wolfgang Braunfels:
720:Wolfgang Braunfels,
705:, p. 46–48: Chapter
473:("Done by the river
414:Frankfurt Capitulary
268:Byzantine Iconoclasm
245:Council of Chalcedon
221:Archbishop of Toledo
172:County of Roussillon
45:Council of Frankfort
41:Council of Frankfurt
33:Paulinus of Aquileia
584:(lower paragraph):
516:in: Fliche-Martin:
463:St. Emmeram's Abbey
412:(also known as the
378:Obverse and reverse
315:in his campaign in
182:and bearers of his
140:Archbishop of Milan
102:and had dealt with
798:, pp. 8 ff., p. 49
741:, / pp. 19 ff.:
386:
329:Ingelheim am Rhein
313:Pippin the Younger
207:Discussion of the
184:epistula dogmatica
148:Benedict of Aniane
114:, condemning both
37:
631:www.newadvent.org
367:Carolingian pound
249:consubstantiality
211:teachings of the
77:Frankfurt am Main
898:
835:
829:
823:
817:
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799:
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787:
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736:
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709:
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683:
676:
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663:
654:
647:
641:
640:
638:
637:
623:
617:
616:
614:
613:
607:orthodoxinfo.com
599:
593:
574:
495:(later known as
489:St Alban's Abbey
455:Ludwig the Pious
233:Bishop of Urgell
225:Primate of Spain
174:, and the lower
906:
905:
901:
900:
899:
897:
896:
895:
841:
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818:
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794:
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781:
777:
768:Karl der GroĂźe,
765:
761:
757:2012, p. 9
752:
748:
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728:
722:Karl der GroĂźe,
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539:Karl der GroĂźe.
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442:
309:Duke of Bavaria
200:
128:
100:Irene of Athens
17:
12:
11:
5:
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481:
478:
441:
438:
436:seems likely.
406:Medieval Latin
380:of one of the
371:
370:
352:
348:
333:Jumièges Abbey
290:
289:
285:Libri Carolini
264:
209:Christological
199:
196:
180:Pope Hadrian I
127:
124:
75:(now known as
53:Frankish realm
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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753:Johann Mair:
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723:
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678:Emile Amann:
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555:Hans Wolter:
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551:3-4995-0187-2
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533:3-7995-1204-7
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440:Miscellaneous
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168:Spanish March
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125:
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117:
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109:
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84:
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66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
34:
30:
29:Sacrosyllabus
26:
21:
831:
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807:
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795:
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762:
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749:
742:
738:
721:
706:
702:
679:
674:
666:
650:
645:
634:. Retrieved
630:
621:
610:. Retrieved
606:
597:
589:
585:
572:
556:
542:
538:
524:
517:
513:
504:Bibliography
492:
470:
458:
446:
433:
429:
413:
409:
399:
387:
362:
291:
283:
272:unecumenical
261:Nicene creed
213:Adoptionists
201:
191:
183:
150:, the Abbot
129:
126:Participants
85:
73:Franconofurd
72:
71:gathered in
44:
40:
38:
28:
25:Franconofurd
24:
16:Synod in 794
851:Charlemagne
578:half uncial
510:Émile Amann
404:written in
304:, the last
302:Tassilo III
280:iconodulism
188:Émile Amann
144:Benedictine
132:Paulinus II
116:iconodulism
108:Adoptionist
88:Adoptionist
49:Charlemagne
845:Categories
636:2018-02-25
612:2018-02-25
564:References
467:Regensburg
459:Francofurd
434:Capitulary
430:Capitulary
402:capitulary
341:stem duchy
306:Agilolfing
294:capitulary
276:memorandum
203:research:
120:iconoclasm
104:iconoclasm
317:Aquitaine
253:patristic
176:Languedoc
164:Aquitaine
138:, Peter,
96:Byzantine
61:Aquitaine
871:Filioque
669:p. 14 f.
665:Wolter,
493:Magontia
485:Fastrada
447:DomhĂĽgel
337:Lombards
257:Filioque
217:Elipando
98:Empress
69:Provence
834:, p. 37
408:. This
390:bishops
382:pennies
357:on the
351:famine.
345:Bavaria
259:to the
192:crucial
156:England
79:). The
57:Francia
27:in the
549:
531:
321:Hoftag
278:about
237:heresy
231:, the
219:, the
170:, the
166:, the
146:Abbot
142:, the
67:, and
35:of 794
822:p. 25
724:p. 76
497:Mainz
422:Paris
395:tithe
355:Edict
325:Worms
229:Felix
112:icons
81:synod
65:Italy
810:p. 7
547:ISBN
529:ISBN
475:Main
223:and
160:Gaul
134:the
39:The
876:794
491:in
465:in
420:in
343:of
323:in
31:of
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713:^
687:^
658:^
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605:.
512::
499:).
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162:,
158:,
63:,
59:,
639:.
615:.
592:)
588:(
347:.
288:.
263:.
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