921:. Ministers may also be selected from outside of the legislature. Two categories of ministers exist. First are the 'department ministers,' who exercise authority and responsibility within the central government's administration, including ministries, subordinate departments and other institutions. Less important members of the cabinet are the 'ministers without portfolio,' who do not direct any of the government's administrative bodies, yet perform tasks designated to them specifically by the prime minister. Regulations by any member of the council of ministers can be overruled by the cabinet upon a motion by the prime minister. The Premier is also empowered to reshuffle or remove members from the cabinet.
908:
controls the work of his or her ministers, and issues regulations. The prime minister may also be assisted by a deputy prime minister, who acts as a vice-chairman to the cabinet. Both the prime minister and deputy prime minister can discharge the functions of a minister. The constitution does not further describe the deputy prime minister's functions in the government, though the office's tasks are instead dictated by the Prime minister, and it is not considered an autonomous state organ. The deputy prime minister's position is normally offered to representatives of the government's junior coalition partner. Deputy prime ministers also take on other ministerial positions.
1036:
455:
1011:. The motion must be approved by at least 46 deputies, and then passed by a majority vote. In such an event, a new prime minister must be simultaneously appointed. The prime minister is also empowered to call a vote of confidence in the cabinet, requiring a majority vote from at least half of all present deputies. In the event of the prime minister's resignation or death, the president can either accept or refuse the cabinet's resignation of office. Following a parliamentary election, the premier must submit the cabinet's resignation in the first sitting of the newly elected
951:
372:
179:
428:
65:
325:
333:
320:
892:
791:
92:
249:
1214:, pp. 129–130 All cabinets formed after a parliamentary election have successfully received a vote confidence in accordance to paras. 1–2 of Article 154. The invocation of para. 3, where the government formation process passes to the Sejm, has, as of date, never taken place. Article 155, para. 1 was used notably during the appointment of Prime Minister
848:. The prime minister will then propose the composition of the cabinet, which must then be approved by the president. Despite the president's nominating role in choosing a prime minister and approving the composition of the cabinet, however, the presidency's role is strictly limited, as the president must respect the majority wishes of the
1059:
Additionally, the president is empowered to convene a cabinet council, when the head of state presides over the
Council of Ministers. The convening of such a cabinet council is strictly at the president's discretion, who will decide an issue or set of issues important for discussion and deliberation.
873:
deputies is required to approve of the cabinet, which the president will then accept and administer their oaths of office. Should a vote of confidence fail again, the process of nomination is handed back to the presidency, who must again appoint a prime minister, who will then nominate other members
1002:
can pass a vote of no confidence on an individual minister if the motion receives the support of at least 69 deputies. If the motion is successful, passed by a majority vote, the president will recall the minister from office. Similarly, if the
Council of Ministers loses its majority support within
941:
who supervise the regional administrations, the cabinet carries out various governmental features. This includes the legislation and implementation of policy conducive of governing the state. Due to its constitutional mandate, the council of ministers acts as the main pillar of political authority,
932:
The constitution entrusts the cabinet to craft and implement the most important regulations and policies of the state. As such, the constitution delegates executive power to the cabinet. Although the constitution does not equate the council of ministers as 'the government,' due to the powers of the
907:
The
Council of Ministers is headed by the prime minister, known also as the Chairman of the Council of Ministers. The prime minister directs the cabinet's activities and acts as its representative. Furthermore, the prime minister ensures the implementation of the cabinet's policies, coordinates and
1060:
The president may bring the cabinet's attention to issues of particular importance and ask for information as to the intentions or actions taken by the government. However, meetings of the cabinet council do not possess the same legislative competences as cabinet meetings.
878:'s term of office and order new elections. However, since the adoption of the Constitution of 1997, all cabinets have successfully received a vote of confidence for their mandates, and have never required all of the reserve protocols of government formation to take place.
1022:
for infringements upon the constitution or other legal statutes. Upon a motion by either the president or by 115 deputies, a member of the cabinet can be charged to be brought forth to the State
Tribunal, and then require the approval of at least three-fifths of all
854:. Furthermore, the president is forbidden to select a different cabinet composition than the one already selected by the prime minister. Following their nomination, all members of the cabinet take the oath of office within the Column Room of the
991:, members of the Council of Ministers, including the prime minister and deputy prime minister, are seated in the government box within the chamber's plenary hall. The seating area faces the central
911:
The rest of the cabinet is composed of ministers, whose tasks and governmental administrative portfolios are selected and organized by the prime minister. Cabinet ministers may originate from the
869:, which will then nominate a prime minister within fourteen days, who will then again propose the composition of the cabinet. An absolute majority of votes in the presence of at least half of all
942:
directing state administration, Poland's foreign policy, and much of the republic's domestic policy, unless some competences are reserved (by statute) to other organs or to local authorities.
408:
972:
for the operations of the government. The cabinet must respond to questions from Sejm deputies during each sitting session of the chamber. The cabinet must also respond to
223:, who acts as a vice-chairman of the council, and other ministers. The current competences and procedures of the cabinet are described between Articles 146 to 162 of the
387:
312:
1015:. After its resignation, the cabinet is entrusted to continue administering state functions until the appointment and oaths of office of the new government.
831:
1048:
1040:
1226:
after failing an initial vote of confidence in 2004. Following Belka's renomination, Belka successfully obtained a vote of confidence from Sejm deputies.
924:
The style of the government and the roles of its ministers are not constitutionally mandated, depending instead on the prime minister's personality.
1086:
27:
1653:
547:
1035:
933:
prime minister, the competences of other ministers, independent bodies, and the direct representatives of the prime minister and the cabinet (
1598:
1579:
1560:
1541:
1522:
741:
733:
729:
208:
768:
713:
632:
611:
603:
1779:
1008:
693:
645:
577:
1500:
393:
1709:
572:
824:
536:
528:
1513:
Brodecki, Zdzisław; Jankowski, Bartlomiej (2003). "The
Political System of the Republic of Poland". In Zdzisław Brodecki (ed.).
657:
220:
861:
Within fourteen days of its appointment, the cabinet, headed by the prime minister, is obligated to submit an agenda to the
2039:
2018:
1916:
1729:
1219:
865:
together with a vote of confidence. Should the vote of confidence fail, the process of government formation passes to the
454:
1977:
1754:
1069:
804:
69:
20:
855:
817:
706:
2044:
1992:
1944:
1841:
1836:
1646:
950:
363:
1223:
976:
within 21 days of their submission. Despite being responsible to the Sejm, the cabinet is not responsible to the
973:
900:
585:
1801:
474:
462:
371:
204:
107:
1949:
1954:
1019:
552:
517:
509:
151:
1871:
1982:
1901:
938:
520:
446:
283:
270:
224:
2002:
1151:
539:
1831:
1811:
1791:
1694:
1679:
1639:
844:
The process of forming the
Council of Ministers begins with the nomination of the prime minister by the
590:
1826:
1972:
874:
of the cabinet. If the vote of confidence fails a third time, the president is obliged to shorten the
1806:
1081:
965:
721:
652:
488:
304:
200:
137:
1551:
Jablonksi, Andrzej W. (2000). "The
Europeanisation of Government in Poland". In Karl Cordell (ed.).
1987:
1934:
1886:
1881:
1856:
1714:
1473:
1469:
1155:
845:
774:
662:
565:
501:
434:
427:
348:
122:
64:
1501:
https://bip.kprm.gov.pl/kpr/bip-rady-ministrow/sklad-rady-ministrow/4574,Sklad-Rady-Ministrow.html
1911:
1861:
1821:
1774:
1769:
1759:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1719:
1704:
1699:
1689:
1684:
1674:
421:
296:
262:
239:
53:
351:
954:
The Polish cabinet sits in the elevated government seating box (center) during sessions of the
1997:
1939:
1906:
1896:
1876:
1866:
1851:
1846:
1796:
1764:
1749:
1724:
1594:
1575:
1556:
1537:
1518:
764:
759:
483:
1051:. The prime minister may also call special cabinet meetings during extraordinary situations.
1891:
1816:
1786:
917:
379:
324:
891:
332:
619:
319:
212:
192:
1614:
178:
624:
400:
2033:
795:
278:
442:
126:
1215:
981:
968:, the Council of Ministers are collectively and individually responsible to the
896:
470:
355:
111:
1631:
1570:
Jagielski, Jacek (2005). "Administrative Law". In Stanisław
Frankowski (ed.).
1532:
Garlicki, Lech (2005). "Constitutional Law". In Stanisław
Frankowski (ed.).
163:
248:
992:
669:
97:
1018:
Legally, the
Council of Ministers is also held accountable to the
949:
890:
681:
1626:
956:
850:
340:
147:
1635:
199:) is the collective executive decision-making body of the
1047:
The Council of Ministers convenes every Tuesday at the
2011:
1963:
1925:
1667:
1615:
Constitution of the Republic of Poland (in English)
158:
143:
133:
118:
103:
85:
80:
35:
1591:Białystok Law Books 7, Polish Constitutional Law
1347:
1345:
1343:
1236:
1234:
1232:
899:(middle row, second from left) with President
189:Council of Ministers of the Republic of Poland
37:Council of Ministers of the Republic of Poland
1647:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
858:, in a ceremony officiated by the president.
825:
8:
1464:
1462:
1278:
1276:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1103:
1101:
43:
1334:
1322:
1134:
1132:
1007:, the cabinet can be forced to resign in a
984:confidence to continue its term of office.
1654:
1640:
1632:
832:
818:
234:
177:
1087:Polish governments and their composition
1034:
946:Parliamentary and legal responsibilities
895:The assembled cabinet of Prime Minister
197:Rada MinistrĂłw Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
45:Rada MinistrĂłw Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
28:Polish governments and their composition
1574:. The Hague: Kluwer Law International.
1536:. The Hague: Kluwer Law International.
1517:. The Hague: Kluwer Law International.
1097:
995:, located on the lectern's right side.
237:
32:
1627:The Chancellery of the Prime Minister
903:(middle row, third from left) in 2005
209:President of the Council of Ministers
7:
1593:. Białystok: Wydawnictwo Temida 2.
1027:deputies to begin the proceedings.
26:For a list of former Cabinets, see
1009:constructive vote of no confidence
14:
1068:For the current composition, see
789:
453:
426:
394:Małgorzata Maria Kidawa- Błońska
370:
331:
323:
318:
247:
90:
63:
1152:"Presidential Palace in Warsaw"
1351:
1303:
1240:
203:. The cabinet consists of the
1:
1553:Poland and the European Union
1123:
19:For the current Cabinet, see
1070:Third Cabinet of Donald Tusk
548:Supreme Administrative Court
70:Third Cabinet of Donald Tusk
21:Third Cabinet of Donald Tusk
1662:National cabinets of Europe
1417:
1282:
1211:
1138:
980:, and does not rely on the
714:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
2061:
1589:Prokop, Krzysztof (2011).
1572:Introduction to Polish Law
1534:Introduction to Polish Law
1067:
25:
18:
76:
62:
51:
42:
646:Administrative divisions
463:Prime Minister of Poland
1252:Article 148, paras. 2–5
987:During sessions of the
612:Major political parties
529:Constitutional Tribunal
510:Supreme Court of Poland
1710:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1335:Brodecki and Jankowski
1323:Brodecki and Jankowski
1224:Aleksander Kwaśniewski
1044:
964:Due to the republic's
961:
904:
901:Aleksander Kwaśniewski
730:Diplomatic missions of
271:Constitution of Poland
216:
44:
1555:. London: Routledge.
1041:Chancellery of Poland
1038:
953:
894:
221:Deputy Prime Minister
217:Prezes Rady MinistrĂłw
2040:Government of Poland
1493:Article 141, para. 2
1456:Article 141, para. 1
1447:Article 156, para. 2
1438:Article 156, para. 1
1429:Article 162, para. 1
1399:Article 158, para. 1
1390:Article 159, para. 2
1381:Article 159, para. 1
1372:Article 115, para. 1
1363:Article 115, para. 2
1294:Article 149, para. 2
1270:Article 147, para. 3
1261:Article 147, para. 2
1202:Article 155, para. 2
1193:Article 155, para. 1
1184:Article 154, para. 3
1175:Article 154, para. 2
1107:Article 154, para. 1
1082:Ministries of Poland
966:parliamentary system
305:Parliament of Poland
207:, also known as the
152:motion of confidence
1926:States with limited
1515:Polish Business Law
1474:President of Poland
1156:President of Poland
1064:Current composition
856:Presidential Palace
846:President of Poland
521:Małgorzata Manowska
435:President of Poland
123:President of Poland
1045:
962:
905:
313:Current Parliament
240:Politics of Poland
55:Central government
2045:National cabinets
2027:
2026:
1600:978-83-62813-13-1
1581:978-90-411-2331-2
1562:978-0-415-23885-4
1543:978-90-411-2331-2
1524:978-90-411-1992-6
1470:"Cabinet Council"
842:
841:
796:Poland portal
722:Radosław Sikorski
707:Foreign relations
604:Political parties
201:Polish government
185:
184:
16:Cabinet of Poland
2052:
1964:Dependencies and
1668:Sovereign states
1656:
1649:
1642:
1633:
1604:
1585:
1566:
1547:
1528:
1494:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1466:
1457:
1454:
1448:
1445:
1439:
1436:
1430:
1427:
1421:
1415:
1409:
1406:
1400:
1397:
1391:
1388:
1382:
1379:
1373:
1370:
1364:
1361:
1355:
1349:
1338:
1332:
1326:
1320:
1307:
1301:
1295:
1292:
1286:
1280:
1271:
1268:
1262:
1259:
1253:
1250:
1244:
1238:
1227:
1209:
1203:
1200:
1194:
1191:
1185:
1182:
1176:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1148:
1142:
1136:
1127:
1121:
1108:
1105:
834:
827:
820:
798:
794:
793:
792:
694:Cities and towns
689:
677:
540:Julia Przyłębska
457:
430:
398:
397:
396:
374:
335:
327:
322:
251:
235:
181:
176:
173:
171:
169:
167:
165:
96:
94:
93:
67:
56:
47:
38:
33:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2007:
1965:
1959:
1945:Northern Cyprus
1927:
1921:
1842:North Macedonia
1663:
1660:
1623:
1611:
1609:Other resources
1601:
1588:
1582:
1569:
1563:
1550:
1544:
1531:
1525:
1512:
1509:
1497:
1492:
1488:
1478:
1476:
1468:
1467:
1460:
1455:
1451:
1446:
1442:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1424:
1416:
1412:
1407:
1403:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1385:
1380:
1376:
1371:
1367:
1362:
1358:
1350:
1341:
1333:
1329:
1321:
1310:
1302:
1298:
1293:
1289:
1281:
1274:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1247:
1239:
1230:
1210:
1206:
1201:
1197:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1179:
1174:
1170:
1160:
1158:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1137:
1130:
1122:
1111:
1106:
1099:
1095:
1078:
1073:
1066:
1057:
1055:Cabinet Council
1033:
974:interpellations
948:
930:
889:
884:
838:
809:
805:Other countries
790:
788:
787:
780:
779:
755:
747:
746:
738:
726:
709:
699:
698:
683:
671:
648:
638:
637:
629:
620:Law and Justice
606:
596:
595:
582:
568:
558:
557:
544:
518:First President
504:
494:
493:
480:
424:
414:
413:
409:Deputy Marshals
392:
391:
390:
368:
364:Deputy Marshals
352:Szymon Hołownia
329:
299:
289:
288:
265:
242:
233:
174:/rada-ministrow
162:
91:
89:
72:
58:
54:
36:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2058:
2056:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2032:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2019:European Union
2015:
2013:
2012:Other entities
2009:
2008:
2006:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1969:
1967:
1966:other entities
1961:
1960:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1931:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1919:
1917:United Kingdom
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1730:Czech Republic
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1671:
1669:
1665:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1658:
1651:
1644:
1636:
1630:
1629:
1622:
1621:External links
1619:
1618:
1617:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1599:
1586:
1580:
1567:
1561:
1548:
1542:
1529:
1523:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1503:
1496:
1495:
1486:
1458:
1449:
1440:
1431:
1422:
1410:
1401:
1392:
1383:
1374:
1365:
1356:
1339:
1327:
1308:
1296:
1287:
1272:
1263:
1254:
1245:
1228:
1220:second cabinet
1204:
1195:
1186:
1177:
1168:
1143:
1128:
1109:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1077:
1074:
1065:
1062:
1056:
1053:
1032:
1029:
1020:State Tribunal
947:
944:
929:
926:
888:
885:
883:
880:
840:
839:
837:
836:
829:
822:
814:
811:
810:
808:
807:
801:
800:
799:
782:
781:
778:
777:
772:
762:
756:
754:Related topics
753:
752:
749:
748:
745:
744:
737:
736:
725:
724:
717:
716:
710:
705:
704:
701:
700:
697:
696:
691:
679:
667:
666:
665:
660:
649:
644:
643:
640:
639:
636:
635:
628:
627:
625:Civic Platform
622:
616:
615:
607:
602:
601:
598:
597:
594:
593:
588:
581:
580:
575:
569:
564:
563:
560:
559:
556:
555:
553:State Tribunal
550:
543:
542:
533:
532:
524:
523:
514:
513:
505:
500:
499:
496:
495:
492:
491:
486:
479:
478:
467:
466:
451:
450:
439:
438:
425:
420:
419:
416:
415:
412:
411:
405:
404:
384:
383:
367:
366:
360:
359:
345:
344:
316:
315:
309:
308:
300:
295:
294:
291:
290:
287:
286:
281:
275:
274:
266:
261:
260:
257:
256:
253:
252:
244:
243:
238:
232:
229:
205:Prime Minister
183:
182:
160:
156:
155:
145:
144:Responsible to
141:
140:
135:
131:
130:
120:
116:
115:
108:Prime Minister
105:
101:
100:
87:
83:
82:
78:
77:
74:
73:
68:
60:
59:
52:
49:
48:
40:
39:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2057:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1978:Faroe Islands
1976:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1962:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1950:South Ossetia
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1924:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1802:Liechtenstein
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1657:
1652:
1650:
1645:
1643:
1638:
1637:
1634:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1602:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1583:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1564:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1545:
1539:
1535:
1530:
1526:
1520:
1516:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1490:
1487:
1475:
1471:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1453:
1450:
1444:
1441:
1435:
1432:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1414:
1411:
1405:
1402:
1396:
1393:
1387:
1384:
1378:
1375:
1369:
1366:
1360:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1328:
1324:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1300:
1297:
1291:
1288:
1284:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1267:
1264:
1258:
1255:
1249:
1246:
1242:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1222:by President
1221:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1205:
1199:
1196:
1190:
1187:
1181:
1178:
1172:
1169:
1157:
1153:
1147:
1144:
1140:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1092:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1063:
1061:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1042:
1037:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1001:
996:
994:
990:
985:
983:
982:upper house's
979:
975:
971:
967:
959:
958:
952:
945:
943:
940:
936:
927:
925:
922:
920:
919:
914:
909:
902:
898:
893:
886:
881:
879:
877:
872:
868:
864:
859:
857:
853:
852:
847:
835:
830:
828:
823:
821:
816:
815:
813:
812:
806:
803:
802:
797:
786:
785:
784:
783:
776:
773:
770:
766:
763:
761:
758:
757:
751:
750:
743:
740:
739:
735:
731:
728:
727:
723:
719:
718:
715:
712:
711:
708:
703:
702:
695:
692:
690:
687:
680:
678:
675:
668:
664:
661:
659:
656:
655:
654:
651:
650:
647:
642:
641:
634:
633:Other parties
631:
630:
626:
623:
621:
618:
617:
614:
613:
609:
608:
605:
600:
599:
592:
589:
587:
584:
583:
579:
578:Parliamentary
576:
574:
571:
570:
567:
562:
561:
554:
551:
549:
546:
545:
541:
538:
535:
534:
531:
530:
526:
525:
522:
519:
516:
515:
512:
511:
507:
506:
503:
498:
497:
490:
487:
485:
482:
481:
476:
472:
469:
468:
465:
464:
460:
459:
458:
456:
448:
444:
441:
440:
437:
436:
432:
431:
429:
423:
418:
417:
410:
407:
406:
402:
395:
389:
386:
385:
382:
381:
377:
376:
375:
373:
365:
362:
361:
357:
353:
350:
347:
346:
343:
342:
338:
337:
336:
334:
328:
326:
321:
314:
311:
310:
307:
306:
302:
301:
298:
293:
292:
285:
282:
280:
277:
276:
273:
272:
268:
267:
264:
259:
258:
255:
254:
250:
246:
245:
241:
236:
230:
228:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
180:
175:
161:
157:
153:
149:
146:
142:
139:
136:
132:
128:
124:
121:
117:
113:
109:
106:
102:
99:
88:
84:
79:
75:
71:
66:
61:
57:
50:
46:
41:
34:
29:
22:
1955:Transnistria
1590:
1571:
1552:
1533:
1514:
1489:
1477:. Retrieved
1452:
1443:
1434:
1425:
1413:
1404:
1395:
1386:
1377:
1368:
1359:
1330:
1299:
1290:
1266:
1257:
1248:
1207:
1198:
1189:
1180:
1171:
1159:. Retrieved
1146:
1058:
1046:
1024:
1017:
1012:
1004:
999:
997:
988:
986:
977:
969:
963:
955:
939:voivodeships
934:
931:
923:
916:
912:
910:
906:
875:
870:
866:
862:
860:
849:
843:
775:Armed forces
685:
673:
610:
573:Presidential
527:
508:
461:
452:
443:Andrzej Duda
433:
378:
369:
339:
330:
317:
303:
284:Human rights
269:
225:constitution
196:
188:
186:
127:Andrzej Duda
119:Appointed by
1993:Isle of Man
1928:recognition
1902:Switzerland
1837:Netherlands
1507:Works cited
1408:Article 160
1216:Marek Belka
1049:Chancellery
897:Marek Belka
887:Composition
742:Ambassadors
653:Voivodeship
591:Referendums
471:Donald Tusk
297:Legislature
112:Donald Tusk
2034:Categories
1872:San Marino
1832:Montenegro
1812:Luxembourg
1792:Kazakhstan
1695:Azerbaijan
1093:References
720:Minister:
489:Ministries
263:Government
231:Nomination
134:Ministries
1983:Gibraltar
1807:Lithuania
1352:Jagielski
1304:Jablonski
1241:Jagielski
1043:in Warsaw
937:) to the
769:political
734:in Poland
682:Communes
670:Counties
566:Elections
537:President
502:Judiciary
422:Executive
2003:Svalbard
1988:Guernsey
1935:Abkhazia
1887:Slovenia
1882:Slovakia
1857:Portugal
1715:Bulgaria
1479:22 April
1420:, p. 127
1354:, p. 168
1306:, p. 136
1285:, p. 125
1243:, p. 169
1161:27 April
1141:, p. 128
1124:Garlicki
1076:See also
1031:Meetings
935:voivodes
663:marshals
658:voivodes
81:Overview
1912:Ukraine
1862:Romania
1822:Moldova
1780:Ireland
1775:Iceland
1770:Hungary
1760:Germany
1755:Georgia
1745:Finland
1740:Estonia
1735:Denmark
1720:Croatia
1705:Belgium
1700:Belarus
1690:Austria
1685:Armenia
1680:Andorra
1675:Albania
1126:, p. 28
993:lectern
928:Stature
765:History
760:Economy
484:Cabinet
388:Marshal
349:Marshal
219:), the
159:Website
86:Country
1998:Jersey
1940:Kosovo
1907:Turkey
1897:Sweden
1877:Serbia
1867:Russia
1852:Poland
1847:Norway
1827:Monaco
1797:Latvia
1765:Greece
1750:France
1725:Cyprus
1597:
1578:
1559:
1540:
1521:
1418:Prokop
1283:Prokop
1212:Prokop
1139:Prokop
882:Powers
674:powiat
380:Senate
356:PL2050
213:Polish
193:Polish
104:Leader
98:Poland
95:
1973:Ă…land
1892:Spain
1817:Malta
1787:Italy
1337:p. 27
1325:p. 28
978:Senat
918:Senat
686:gmina
586:Local
1595:ISBN
1576:ISBN
1557:ISBN
1538:ISBN
1519:ISBN
1481:2013
1163:2013
1039:The
1025:Sejm
1013:Sejm
1005:Sejm
1003:the
1000:Sejm
998:The
989:Sejm
970:Sejm
957:Sejm
915:and
913:Sejm
876:Sejm
871:Sejm
867:Sejm
863:Sejm
851:Sejm
341:Sejm
187:The
172:/gov
170:/web
166:.gov
148:Sejm
1218:'s
279:Law
168:.pl
164:www
2036::
1472:.
1461:^
1342:^
1311:^
1275:^
1231:^
1154:.
1131:^
1112:^
1100:^
732:/
475:PO
401:PO
227:.
215::
195::
138:26
1655:e
1648:t
1641:v
1603:.
1584:.
1565:.
1546:.
1527:.
1483:.
1165:.
1072:.
960:.
833:e
826:t
819:v
771:)
767:(
688:)
684:(
676:)
672:(
477:)
473:(
449:)
447:I
445:(
403:)
399:(
358:)
354:(
211:(
191:(
154:)
150:(
129:)
125:(
114:)
110:(
30:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
