76:
131:
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in May 1135. An extraordinary number of prelates, archbishops, bishops, monks, and abbots attended the council, including a large number of
Italian clergy. The council addressed simony, schismatic clerics, heresy, as well as donations to the Templar Order. Pisa would be the third council Innocent
143:
All marriages involving clerics, monks, and cloistered nuns were annulled. It was agreed by all participants of the council that such unions were not regarded as marriage. This judgment established celibacy as a major theme in
Innocentian politics.
105:. This was followed by the removal of the bishops of Halberstadt, Liege, Valence, Arezzo, Acera, and Moderna, and the archbishop of Milan all on the charges of simony or giving support to Anacletus II. All schismatic ordinations were condemned.
71:
The council was initially planned for
November 1135, but Bernard who attended the diet of Bamberg(March 1135), learned that Emperor Lothair was planning an invasion of Italy. Reinforced by this news, Innocent chose May 1135 for the synod.
88:
One hundred twenty-six archbishops and bishops, and numerous abbots from Italy, Germany, France, England, Spain and
Hungary attended. Bernard used this council to rally support for Innocent II in northern Italy.
127:
commanderies in their own jurisdictions. Innocent set the precedent by giving a mark of gold each year to the
Templar order. This donation was matched by the bishops who all gave a silver mark apiece.
188:. This gave the Templar Order an official sanction as defenders of the Catholic Church. In the following years, thanks to the persuasive effort by Bernard, the Templars founded commanderies at
48:, the papal chancellor Haimeric, directing a committee of six cardinals, swiftly elected Gregorio Papareschi as Pope Innocent II. This was contested by the Roman Pierleoni family that chose
500:
Dusil, Stephan (2019). "The
Emerging Jurisprudence, the Second Lateran Council of 1139 and the Development of Canonical Impediments". In Summerlin, Danica; Eichbauer, Melodie H. (eds.).
595:
111:
was brought before the council and condemned on the charge of maintaining heretical views. He was ordered to cease his preaching and return to a monastery.
473:
Bagni, Giampiero (2020). "A multidisciplinary approach to the production of wine on
Templar estates: The Bologna commandery". In Morton, Nicholas (ed.).
590:
64:. While in France he held two Councils, Clermont (November 1130) and Rheims (October 1131). In June 1133, Innocent returned to Rome to quickly crown
32:
75:
171:
Antipope
Anacletus II died on 25 January 1138, ending the schism within the Catholic Church. Gregorio de Conti, who was elected
65:
179:
152:
Restricted the placement of adolescents into religious orders, unless they show prudence and merit for that type of life.
212:
H.W. Klewitz, "Das Ende des
Reformpapsttums," Deutsches Archiv für Geschichte des Mittelalters, in (1939), 871-41
172:
585:
554:
Somerville, Robert (1970). "The
Council of Pisa, 1135: A Re-Examination of the Evidence for the Canons".
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in March 1138, quickly abdicated by May 1138 and recognized Innocent II as head of the Catholic church.
98:
49:
120:
57:
161:
61:
545:
Robinson, I.S. (1995). "The papacy, 1122-1198". In Luscombe, David; Riley-Smith, Jonathan (eds.).
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52:. Without any Roman support Innocent fled to France, where he gained the support of
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The Templar Order met the clergy of north-west Italy for the first time at Pisa.
130:
520:
History of the Church: From the High Middle Ages to the eve of the Reformation
527:
Longere, Jean (2005). "Lateran II, Council". In Lacoste, Jean-Yves (ed.).
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emperor, but following Lothair's hurried exit from Rome he fled to Pisa.
549:. Vol. IV, c.1024–c.1198, Part 2. Cambridge University Press.
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74:
30:
502:
The Use of Canon Law in Ecclesiastical Administration, 1000–1234
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The Military Orders Volume VII: Piety, Pugnacity and Property
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would convene to address issues within the Catholic Church.
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164:, the Council of Pisa has been described as the end of the
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439:
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The New Knighthood: A History of the Order of the Temple
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The Templar Order in North-west Italy: (1142 - C. 1330)
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371:
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The first order of business was the excommunication of
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562:(1 (Jan.)). The University of Chicago Press: 98–114.
511:Hugh of Amiens and the Twelfth-century Renaissance
518:Jedin, Hubert; Dolan, John Patrick, eds. (1980).
182:held on 29 March 1139, he issued the papal bull,
531:. Vol. 2: G-O. Routledge. pp. 882–883.
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123:called on the assembled clergy to allow the
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44:In February 1130, following the death of
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596:12th-century Catholic Church councils
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178:Innocent returned to Rome and at the
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547:The New Cambridge Medieval History
529:Encyclopedia of Christian Theology
522:. Vol. IV. Burns & Oates.
14:
591:12th century in the Papal States
160:Held during the pinnacle of the
93:Excommunication and Condemnation
569:History of the Christian Church
101:and his supporters, including
16:Council of the Catholic Church
1:
540:. Cambridge University Press.
486:. Cambridge University Press.
180:Second Council of the Lateran
134:Seal of the Knights Templar
612:
567:Walker, Williston (2014).
509:Freeburn, Ryan P. (2011).
504:. Brill. pp. 140–158.
148:Regulate religious orders
482:Barber, Malcolm (1994).
536:Robinson, I.S. (1990).
491:Bellomo, Elena (2008).
446:Jedin & Dolan 1980
135:
80:
36:
538:The Papacy, 1073-1198
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99:antipope Anacletus II
78:
34:
121:Bernard of Clairvaux
79:Bernard of Clairvaux
58:Bernard of Clairvaux
62:Peter the Venerable
278:, p. 100-101.
185:Omne datum optimum
173:Antipope Victor IV
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103:Roger II of Sicily
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54:Louis VI of France
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23:, was convened by
168:by H.W. Klewitz.
139:Clerical marriage
66:Lothair of Saxony
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25:Pope Innocent II
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21:Council of Pisa
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109:Henry the Monk
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477:. Routledge.
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392:Longere 2005
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361:Bellomo 2008
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162:papal schism
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50:Anacletus II
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571:. Scribner.
458:Barber 1994
380:Barber 1994
349:Walker 2014
35:Innocent II
580:Categories
513:. Ashgate.
407:Dusil 2019
310:Bagni 2020
220:References
40:Background
156:Aftermath
556:Speculum
495:. Brill.
190:Piacenza
115:Templars
467:Sources
84:Council
60:, and
200:Notes
192:and
19:The
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558:.
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368:^
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