146:
229:
out in tumultuous cries, " The Cross, the Cross ! " They crowded to the stage to receive the holy badge ; the preacher was obliged to scatter it among them, rather than deliver it to each. The stock at hand was soon exhausted. Bernard tore up his own dress to satisfy the eager claimants. For the first time, the two greatest sovereigns in
Christendom, the Emperor and the King of France, embarked in the cause. Louis had appeared at Vezelay ; he was taking measures for the
20:
228:
The Castle of
Vezelay could not contain the multitudes who thronged to hear the fervid eloquence of Bernard. The preacher, with the King of France Louis VII. by his side, who wore the cross conspicuously on his dress, ascended a platform of wood. At the close of his harangue the whole assembly broke
292:
When
Bernard was finished the crowd enlisted en masse; they supposedly ran out of cloth to make crosses. Bernard is said to have flung off his own robe and began tearing it into strips to make more. Others followed his example and he and his helpers were supposedly still producing crosses as night
184:
The crowd was so large that a large platform was erected on a hill outside the city. The full text has not survived, but a contemporary account says that "his voice rang out across the meadow like a celestial organ" When
Bernard was finished the crowd enlisted en masse; they supposedly ran out of
336:; and numerous other nobles and bishops. But an even greater show of support came from the common people. Bernard wrote to the pope a few days afterwards, "Cities and castles are now empty. There is not left one man to seven women, and everywhere there are widows to still-living husbands."
268:
and Urban II launched the first crusade, was matched by the holy fervor inspired by
Bernard as he cried, "O ye who listen to me! Hasten to appease the anger of heaven, but no longer implore its goodness by vain complaints. Clothe yourselves in sackcloth, but also cover yourselves with your
273:. The din of arms, the danger, the labors, the fatigues of war, are the penances that God now imposes upon you. Hasten then to expiate your sins by victories over the Infidels, and let the deliverance of the holy places be the reward of your repentance." As in the olden scene, the cry "
233:
240:
There was at first virtually no popular enthusiasm for the crusade as there had been in 1095. Bernard found it expedient to dwell upon taking the cross as a potent means of gaining absolution for sin and attaining grace. On 31 March, with King
224:
were vehemently opposed to these attacks, and so
Bernard traveled from Flanders to Germany to deal with the problem and quiet the mobs. Bernard then found Rudolf in Mainz and was able to silence him, returning him to his monastery.
185:
cloth to make crosses. Bernard is said to have flung off his own robe and began tearing it into strips to make more. Others followed his example and he and his helpers were supposedly still producing crosses as night fell.
384:
Jaucourt, Louis, chevalier de. "Vézelay." The
Encyclopedia of Diderot & d'Alembert Collaborative Translation Project. Translated by Warren Roby. Ann Arbor: Michigan Publishing, University of Michigan Library, 2007.
129:
confirmed the authenticity of the relics, leading to an influx of pilgrims that has continued to this day. Vézelay Abbey was also a major starting point for pilgrims on the
249:, making "the speech of his life". The full text has not survived, but a contemporary account says that "his voice rang out across the meadow like a celestial organ"
389:(accessed April 1, 2015). Originally published as "Vézelay," Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers, 17:226–227 (Paris, 1765).
799:
188:
For all his overmastering zeal, Bernard was by nature neither a bigot nor a persecutor. As in the First
Crusade, the preaching inadvertently led to attacks on
137:, one of the most important of all medieval pilgrimage centres. This was crucially important in attracting pilgrims and the wealth they brought to the town.
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rolled over the fields, and was echoed by the voice of the orator: "Cursed be he who does not stain his sword with blood."
119:
81:
333:
814:
181:, and the princes and lords present prostrated themselves at the feet of Bernard to receive the pilgrims' cross.
789:
102:
Vézelay's hilltop location has made it an obvious site for a town since ancient times. In the 9th century the
794:
784:
216:, with Rudolf claiming Jews were not contributing financially to the rescue of the Holy Land. Bernard, the
317:
145:
134:
65:
217:
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110:. According to legend, not long before the end of the first millennium a monk named Baudillon brought
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commissioned French abbot
Bernard of Clairvaux to preach the Second Crusade, and granted the same
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A History of the
Crusades, vol. II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East, 1100–1187
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A large platform was erected on a hill outside the city. King and monk stood together,
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in Burgundy in 1146, and Bernard preached before the assembly on March 31.
766:
19:
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201:
170:
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Unlike the First Crusade, the new venture attracted royalty, such as
213:
80:
were threatened with similar disaster. Deputations of the bishops of
703:(Second ed.). New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press.
231:
205:
144:
111:
28:
18:
725:(repr. Folio Society, 1994 ed.). Cambridge University Press.
252:
James Meeker Ludlow describes the scene romantically in his book
189:
513:
A History of the Crusades, Volume I: The First Hundred Years
492:
Bunson, Matthew; Bunson, Margaret; Bunson, Stephen (1998).
350:
348:
264:. The enthusiasm of the assembly of Clermont in 1095, when
149:
St Bernard in stained glass, from the Upper Rhine, c. 1450
106:
were given land to build a monastery during the reign of
739:. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
245:
present, he preached to an enormous crowd in a field at
68:
and most of the area had fallen into the hands of the
527:. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. p. 481.
515:. Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press.
84:
solicited aid from the pope, and the King of France
546:. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: Marquette University Press.
672:
629:The Second Crusade 1148: Disaster outside Damascus
262:representing the combined will of earth and heaven
196:was apparently inspiring massacres of Jews in the
511:Baldwin, Mrshall W.; Setton, Kenneth M. (1969).
387:http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.did2222.0000.765
258:
8:
608:. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag GmbH. p. 530.
585:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p.
494:Our Sunday Visitor's Encyclopedia of Saints
354:
275:
736:God's War: A New History of the Crusades
448:
344:
759:A History of Deeds Done Beyond the Sea
757:; Babcock, E. A.; Krey, A. C. (1943).
475:
398:
371:
369:
367:
365:
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326:William de Warenne, 3rd Earl of Surrey
64:. Christians had been defeated at the
16:1146 meeting before the Second Crusade
800:12th-century Catholic Church councils
419:
417:
415:
413:
411:
409:
407:
298:Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of France
7:
310:Henry, the future Count of Champagne
544:The Crusades: A Documentary History
496:. Huntington: Our Sunday Visitor.
14:
557:. London: Penguin Books. p.
192:; a fanatical French monk named
651:Byzantium: the Decline and Fall
619:. Christian Literature Company.
169:. A parliament was convoked at
1:
761:. Columbia University Press.
700:The Crusades: A Short History
613:Ludlow, James Meeker (1896).
525:The Origins of Modern Germany
463:HISTORY OF LATIN CHRISTIANITY
120:Saint-Maximin-la-Sainte-Baume
38:to encourage support for the
27:On 31 March 1146, the French
679:. New York: Facts on File.
551:Christiansen, Eric (1997).
461:Milman, Henry Hart (1854).
831:
604:Herrmann, Joachim (1970).
334:Yves II, Count of Soissons
95:
49:
606:Die Slawen in Deutschland
424:NORWICH, JOHN JU (2012).
805:12th century in religion
542:Brundage, James (1962).
616:The Age of the Crusades
254:The Age of the Crusades
88:also sent ambassadors.
318:Alphonse I of Toulouse
290:
276:
237:
150:
135:Santiago de Compostela
24:
695:Riley-Smith, Jonathan
675:Atlas of the Crusades
669:Riley-Smith, Jonathan
554:The Northern Crusades
521:Barraclough, Geoffrey
235:
218:Archbishop of Cologne
148:
22:
810:Eleanor of Aquitaine
731:Tyerman, Christopher
647:Norwich, John Julius
426:The Popes: A History
375:Durant (1950) p.594.
330:Hugh VII of Lusignan
322:William II of Nevers
179:Eleanor of Aquitaine
165:had accorded to the
74:Kingdom of Jerusalem
32:Bernard of Clairvaux
478:, pp. 164–167.
451:, pp. 281–288.
428:. London: Vintage.
243:Louis VII of France
236:Louis VII of France
222:Archbishop of Mainz
175:Louis VII of France
631:. London: Osprey.
312:; Louis's brother
238:
153:In 1144 the Pope,
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25:
746:978-0-674-02387-1
710:978-0-300-10128-7
660:978-0-670-82377-2
638:978-1-84603-354-4
596:978-0-06-097468-8
582:Europe: A History
568:978-0-14-026653-5
534:978-0-393-30153-3
503:978-0-87973-588-3
314:Robert I of Dreux
306:Count of Flanders
302:Thierry of Alsace
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815:History of Yonne
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131:Way of St. James
118:to Vézelay from
108:Charles the Bald
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66:Siege of Edessa
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465:. p. 652.
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116:Mary Magdalene
96:Main article:
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76:and the other
56:News from the
52:Second Crusade
50:Main article:
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40:Second Crusade
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161:for it which
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177:, his wife,
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104:Benedictines
101:
70:Seljuk Turks
55:
34:preached at
26:
476:Ludlow 1896
399:Bunson 1998
280:! Deus vult
159:indulgences
114:(bones) of
62:Christendom
779:Categories
653:. Viking.
485:References
155:Eugene III
46:Background
278:Deus vult
198:Rhineland
86:Louis VII
58:Holy Land
733:(2006).
721:(1952).
697:(2005).
671:(1991).
649:(1995).
627:(2009).
579:(1996).
523:(1984).
271:bucklers
220:and the
125:In 1058
92:Location
60:alarmed
247:Vézelay
202:Cologne
171:Vezelay
98:Vézelay
82:Armenia
36:Vézelay
767:310995
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293:fell.
214:Speyer
194:Rudolf
112:relics
72:. The
340:Notes
210:Worms
206:Mainz
141:Event
29:abbot
763:OCLC
741:ISBN
705:ISBN
681:ISBN
655:ISBN
633:ISBN
591:ISBN
587:1365
563:ISBN
529:ISBN
498:ISBN
430:ISBN
212:and
190:Jews
559:287
133:to
781::
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406:^
362:^
347:^
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283:!
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