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which are 20–40 cm (7.9–15.7 in) long (occasionally as much as twenty inches (51 centimeters) length has been observed), 23 centimeters (nine inches) in width, and weigh 2–5 kg (4.4–11.0 lb) when fresh. Each segment, or "scale", of the cone is tipped with a talon-like hook.
556:
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373:. The size ranges from 10–24 m (33–79 ft) tall, and a trunk diameter up to 1 m (3.3 ft). The trunk is vertical and branches horizontal to upcurved. The
580:
1477:
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330:
and physician. The
Coulter pine produces some of the heaviest cones of any pine tree, up to 5 kg (11 lb) and among conifers is exceeded only by the cones of
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666:
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are needle-like, in bundles of three, glaucous gray-green, 15–30 cm (5.9–11.8 in) long and stout, 2 mm (0.079 in) thick.
319:
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are longer. The large size of the cones, combined with the claw-like scales, has earned them the nickname "widowmakers" among locals.
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874:. US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service (USFS), Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory.
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prefers south-facing slopes between 200–2,300 m (660–7,550 ft) elevation, and tolerates dry rocky soil.
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Wildlife, especially squirrels, gather the large seeds. They were also once eaten by Native
Americans.
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Coulter pines produce the largest cones of any pine tree species and people are advised to wear
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Large cone, found at 4,150 ft elevation in the Santa Lucia Ranger
District of the
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The wood is weak and soft, so that the species is little used other than for firewood.
414:
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116:
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943:. Vol. 2. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org,
906:
417:. Coulter pines tend to grow in drier environments than ponderosa and Jeffery pines.
402:
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most often appears in mixed forests. The
Coulter pine occurs in a number of forest
410:
381:
1114:
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981:; Spellenberg, Richard; Thieret, John W.; Purinton, Terry; Block, Andrew (2008).
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often forage on the species, and peel the bark to access insects underneath.
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Although it has a limited range in the wild, the
Coulter pine is a popular
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Exceptional cone example, shown with needle cluster (soda can for scale).
327:
169:
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Gardener's
Chronicle Volume 23 (third series)(March 28, 1885) Page 415
389:
when working in
Coulter pine groves, although the slender cones of the
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159:
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983:
National
Wildlife Federation Field Guide to Trees of North America
369:
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103:
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380:
The outstanding characteristic of this tree is the large, spiny
374:
361:
179:
1063:
977:
Moore, Gerry; Kershner, Bruce; Tufts, Craig; Mathews, Daniel;
1463:
Natural history of the
California chaparral and woodlands
719:. Los Olivos, California: Cachuma Press. pp. 73–74.
508:
Mature tree, as seen from under branches at ground level
937:. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.).
432:; for example, at higher elevations forestation of the
672:
A view of the upper portion of a mature
Coulter Pine.
831:(Coulter-pine, Big-cone-pine, Pitch-pine, Bull-pine)"
310:
in Mexico. Isolated groves are found as far north as
956:
Hogan, C. Michael (2008). Stromberg, Nicklas (ed.).
1072:
778:
Western Forests (The Audubon Society Nature Guides)
1468:Natural history of the California Coast Ranges
835:Cone-bearing Trees of the California Mountains
921:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42352A2974687.en
8:
940:Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA)
762:
401:The Coulter pine is closely related to the
1060:
465:, planted in parks and large gardens, and
302:, is a native of the coastal mountains of
274:
65:
33:
20:
919:
805:
1478:Natural history of the Transverse Ranges
1473:Natural history of the Peninsular Ranges
549:Cones on ground in their natural setting
683:
484:
413:with which it shares habitats, and the
872:Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)
690:
1438:IUCN Red List near threatened species
750:
702:
436:Coulter Pine is co-dominant with the
320:Black Diamond Mines Regional Preserve
7:
1324:95b45a81-185c-45a2-b601-745c57f5315f
738:
907:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
879:Earle, Christopher J., ed. (2018).
1055:University of California, Berkeley
985:. New York: Sterling. p. 86.
469:. The Coulter pine has gained the
409:. It is more distantly related to
306:in the United States and northern
14:
1376:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:196961-2
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343:and is grown in many countries.
90:
16:Pine tree found in North America
1503:Garden plants of North America
1:
1007:. Royal Horticultural Society
467:drought tolerant landscaping
1498:Decorative fruits and seeds
949:Harvard University Herbaria
781:. New York: Knopf. p.
471:Royal Horticultural Society
1529:
1448:Pinus taxa by common names
841:(illustrations). Chicago:
715:Lanner, Ronald M. (1999).
564:Los Padres National Forest
1453:Trees of Northern America
945:Missouri Botanical Garden
775:Whitney, Stephen (1985).
622:Close-up of spiral detail
495:Pollen cones (male cones)
420:This erect, medium-sized
282:
273:
256:
249:
87:Scientific classification
85:
63:
54:
41:
32:
23:
1488:San Bernardino Mountains
1036:USDA Plants Profile for
568:California Coastal Range
1031:Jepson Manual Treatment
889:The Gymnosperm Database
636:Close-up of barb detail
521:Close-up of bark detail
1513:Drought-tolerant trees
947:, St. Louis, MO &
843:A.C. McClurg & Co.
717:Conifers of California
1493:San Gabriel Mountains
929:Kral, Robert (1993).
866:Cope, Amy B. (1993).
475:Award of Garden Merit
434:San Jacinto Mountains
312:Clearlake, California
914:: e.T42352A2974687.
461:is cultivated as an
438:California black oak
322:. It is named after
1458:Flora of California
896:Farjon, A. (2013).
333:Araucaria bidwillii
304:Southern California
57:Conservation status
966:Globaltwitcher.com
430:plant associations
1425:
1424:
1332:Open Tree of Life
1066:Taxon identifiers
992:978-1-4027-3875-3
823:Chase, J. Smeaton
535:Foliage and cones
354:is a substantial
314:on the flanks of
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1053:photo database,
1015:
1013:
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1001:"Pinus coulteri"
996:
973:
968:. Archived from
952:
951:, Cambridge, MA.
925:
923:
892:
875:
868:"Pinus coulteri"
862:
845:pp. 24–26.
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242:P. coulteri
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463:ornamental tree
450:
407:Pinus sabiniana
399:
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341:ornamental tree
308:Baja California
269:
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72:Near Threatened
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1074:Pinus coulteri
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1046:Pinus coulteri
1042:
1040:(Coulter pine)
1038:Pinus coulteri
1033:
1028:
1021:
1020:External links
1018:
1017:
1016:
997:
991:
974:
972:on 2012-02-18.
960:Pinus coulteri
953:
933:Pinus coulteri
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900:Pinus coulteri
893:
883:Pinus coulteri
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829:Pinus Coulteri
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459:Pinus coulteri
449:
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426:Pinus coulteri
415:ponderosa pine
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352:Pinus coulteri
348:
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324:Thomas Coulter
295:Pinus coulteri
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283:Natural range
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44:Pinus coulteri
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1005:RHS Gardening
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572:Central Coast
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403:foothill pine
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300:big-cone pine
297:
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251:Binomial name
248:
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117:Tracheophytes
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50:, California
49:
46:seed cone at
45:
40:
36:
31:
28:
22:
19:
1483:Diablo Range
1073:
1045:
1037:
1009:. Retrieved
1004:
982:
970:the original
965:
959:
939:
932:
911:
905:
899:
888:
882:
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834:
828:
816:Bibliography
801:
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746:
734:
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686:
458:
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411:Jeffrey pine
406:
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299:
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290:Coulter pine
289:
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259:
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224:
220:Subsection:
212:
208:
196:
192:
180:
130:Gymnospermae
123:
110:
48:Mount Wilson
43:
26:
24:Coulter pine
18:
1350:kew-2561977
1296:NatureServe
1221:iNaturalist
1098:Wikispecies
979:Nelson, Gil
839:Eytel, Carl
691:Farjon 2013
442:Woodpeckers
347:Description
326:, an Irish
316:Mt. Konocti
1432:Categories
1345:Plant List
1122:Calflora:
1011:2013-09-27
751:Hogan 2008
703:Earle 2018
678:References
391:sugar pine
356:coniferous
229:Ponderosae
188:Subgenus:
136:Division:
1187:233500931
1051:CalPhotos
739:Cope 1993
359:evergreen
236:Species:
227:subsect.
213:Trifoliae
204:Section:
150:Pinopsida
140:Pinophyta
100:Kingdom:
1402:24900187
1397:Tropicos
1301:2.147375
1262:10764449
1249:196961-2
1089:Q1137001
1083:Wikidata
1026:Calflora
851:11004975
825:(1911).
387:hardhats
328:botanist
170:Pinaceae
166:Family:
77:IUCN 3.1
1337:1075721
1200:5285113
1151:1010952
1049:in the
859:3477527
570:of the
481:Gallery
397:Ecology
364:in the
176:Genus:
160:Pinales
156:Order:
146:Class:
104:Plantae
75: (
1358:PLANTS
1321:NZOR:
1275:183333
1174:pincou
1171:FEIS:
1115:184069
1112:APDB:
989:
857:
849:
789:
375:leaves
298:), or
267:D. Don
211:sect.
195:subg.
1443:Pinus
1389:13071
1363:PICO3
1288:42352
1257:IRMNG
1236:14163
1233:IPA:
1226:67330
1213:28437
1164:PIUCO
1138:4J254
659:Seeds
382:cones
370:Pinus
366:genus
197:Pinus
181:Pinus
124:Clade
111:Clade
1371:POWO
1314:3351
1309:NCBI
1283:IUCN
1270:ITIS
1244:IPNI
1208:GRIN
1195:GBIF
1159:EPPO
1125:6512
987:ISBN
912:2013
855:OCLC
847:LCCN
787:ISBN
608:Cone
448:Uses
422:pine
362:tree
318:and
1410:WFO
1384:RHS
1182:FNA
1146:EoL
1133:CoL
916:doi
783:410
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193:P.
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