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in 1820. The designer is unknown. About 500 of these were built in the first half of the 1900s. They were often built by local settlers using local materials, according to standard plans. The last agricultural colony was founded in 1948, and the last bridge was built by the
Ministry of Colonisation
379:
led to metal rather than timber trusses. Metal structures did not need protection from the elements, so they no longer needed to be covered. The bridges also became obsolete because most were single-lane, had low width and height clearances, and could not support the heavy loads of modern traffic.
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with a roof, decking, and siding, which in most covered bridges create an almost complete enclosure. The purpose of the covering is to protect the wooden structural members from the weather. Uncovered wooden bridges typically have a lifespan of only 20 years because of the effects of rain and sun,
410:
had an estimated 1,000 covered bridges. Relative to the rest of North
America, Quebec was late in building covered bridges, with the busiest decade for construction being the 1930s. Initially, the designs were varied, but around 1905, the design was standardised to the
483:
138:
but a covered bridge can last over 100 years. In the United States, only about 1 in 10 survived the 20th century. The relatively small number of surviving bridges is due to deliberate replacement, neglect, and the high cost of restoration.
831:
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761:
846:
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Roofed, rather than covered bridges, have existed for centuries in southern Europe and Asia. In these cases, the cover is to protect the users of the bridge rather than the structure. Examples include:
790:
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Typically, covered bridges are structures with longitudinal timber-trusses which form the bridge's backbone. Some were built as railway bridges, using very heavy timbers and doubled up lattice work.
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lists 840 covered bridges in the U.S., although it states that only 670 of those were standing when the 1959 edition was published. The tallest (35 feet high), built in 1892, is the
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published the first correct analysis of the precise ways that a load is carried through the components of a truss, which enabled him to design stronger bridges with fewer materials.
942:
141:
Surviving covered bridges often attract touristic attention due to their rarity, quaint appearance, and bucolic settings. Many are considered historic and have been the subject of
360:, Pennsylvania, and spanned over a mile in length, but was destroyed by ice and flooding in 1832. The longest, historical covered bridges remaining in the United States are the
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action in 1945. A debate on whether to fix or replace the bridge ended when the bridge partially collapsed in 1947, requiring new construction, which began in 1949.
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continued to build covered bridges into the 1950s, peaking at about 400 covered bridges. These mostly used the Howe, Town, and Burr trusses. Today, there are
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In addition to being practical, covered bridges were popular venues for a variety of social activities and are an enduring cultural icon; for example:
2120:
2100:
2042:
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1733:, an interactive map showing locations of covered bridges in the United States and Canada. However, the data is only current as of the archive date.
954:
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368:, spanning the East Fork of the White River in Indiana. Both lay some claim to the superlative depending upon how the length is measured.
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In Canada and the U.S., numerous timber covered bridges were built in the late 1700s to the late 1800s, reminiscent of earlier designs in
1598:"Programmation routière 2018-2020 - Plus de 157 M$ pour améliorer la sécurité et la qualité de vie des usagers de la route en Outaouais"
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About 14,000 covered bridges have been built in the United States, mostly in the years 1825 to 1875. The first documented was the
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313:. However, most other early examples of covered bridges do not appear until the 1820s. Extant bridges from that decade include
1385:"Ohio's Vanishing Covered Bridges - Back in Time - General Highway History - Highway History - Federal Highway Administration"
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features a character who uses a covered bridge called the "Shorter Way" as a portal to travel instantly across vast distances.
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Early trusses were designed with only a rough understanding of the engineering dynamics at work. In 1847, American engineer
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1501:(2021 ed.). Concord, New Hampshire: National Society for the Preservation of Covered Bridges. pp. xii.
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Between 1969 and 2015, the number of surviving covered bridges in Canada declined from about 400 to under 200.
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253:. Virtually all contained a single lane. A few two-lane bridges were built, having a third, central truss.
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2010:
1324:. McLean, VA: U. S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration. April 2005. p. 3
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in
Pennsylvania is featured in the opening scenes of the 1980s anthology horror television series
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Some stone arch bridges are covered to protect pedestrians or as a decoration—as with the
Italian
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in
Switzerland, first built in the 1300s. Modern-style timber truss bridges were pioneered in
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436:, the province's longest covered bridge. In Quebec covered bridges were sometimes known as
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Schuylkill
Permanent Bridge in Philadelphia, the first documented covered bridge in America
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between two buildings, designed to protect pedestrians from the weather. For example, the
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1106:"Use of Laser Scanning Technology to Obtain As-Built Records of Historic Covered Bridges"
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River in Pavia, Italy. The previous bridge, dating from 1354 (itself a replacement for a
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1988:
1978:
1944:
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As of 2004, there were about 750 left, mostly in eastern and northern states. The 2021
280:
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1374:. Washington, D.C.: National Park Service, Historic American Engineering Record, 2015.
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Determined by enclosed bridge structure, site conditions, and degree of prefabrication
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In Europe there are also bridges built not strictly for transport, for example the
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Many different truss designs were used. One of the most popular designs was the
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200:. It was first built before 1272, and has been destroyed and rebuilt many times.
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855:, built in 1862, is the longest single span wooden covered bridge in the world.
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Most bridges were built to cross streams, and the majority had just a single
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840:, built in 1866, is one of the longest covered bridges in the United States.
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in the mid-1700s. Germany has 70 surviving historic wooden covered bridges.
117:
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1949:
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364:, spanning the Connecticut River between New Hampshire and Vermont, and
1993:
1220:. U.S. Department of Agriculture. General Technical Report FPL-GTR-223.
898:
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A covered bridge is the focus of two mystery stories in the collection
623:
607:
595:, and the Chùa Cầu (the Japanese Bridge; see Gallery below) in Vietnam.
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1600:(in Canadian French). Transports Québec. 5 March 2018. Archived from
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543:
539:
203:
Switzerland has many timber covered bridges, including
KapellbrĂĽcke,
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933:
527:
section within which the traffic is carried. Examples include the
481:
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347:
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The longest covered bridge ever built was constructed in 1814 in
723:
A covered bridge is also used as a portal between two worlds in
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93:
1740:
2009:
618:. These are pier and girder bridges, not truss bridges. The
1111:. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Research Paper FPL-RP-669
1419:. National Society for the Preservation of Covered Bridges
495:
Drone video of the wooden roofed Järuska bridge in
Estonia
1578:(in Canadian French). Ministère des Transports du Québec
1261:
Germany's
Historic Wooden Covered Bridges Still Standing
1551:(in Canadian French). Transports Quebec. Archived from
1318:
Covered Bridge Manual (PUBLICATION NO. FHWA-HRT-04-098)
172:
The oldest surviving truss bridge in the world is the
1371:
Covered
Bridges and the Birth of American Engineering
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2020:
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458:Ontario has just one remaining covered bridge, the
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1706:The Warren E. Roberts Museum of Early Indiana Life
1084:National Center for Wood Transportation Structures
2075:List of lists of covered bridges in North America
1573:"Les ponts couverts au Québec, héritage précieux"
245:List of lists of covered bridges in North America
96:beams with iron fittings and iron rods in tension
440:(red bridges) because of their typical colour.
1188:"Visit America's Most Idyllic Covered Bridges"
523:A tubular bridge is a bridge built as a rigid
428:. There are now 82 covered bridges in Quebec,
1752:
1626:. Government of New Brunswick. 7 October 2011
1229:
1227:
770:, showing the truss protected by the covering
8:
1104:Ross, Robert J.; et al. (August 2012).
371:In the mid-19th century, the use of cheaper
32:
1162:"Historic Wooden Bridges/"Covered Bridges""
1052:
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1048:
804:is the longest covered bridge in the world.
1759:
1745:
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520:are two of 45 inhabited bridges in Europe.
222:is a stone and brick arch bridge over the
1566:
1564:
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149:European and North American truss bridges
1497:Caswell, William S. (31 October 2021).
1213:Phares, Brent; et al. (May 2013).
1164:. HSNB.DE. 11 July 2011. Archived from
1019:
884:
867:Poukkasilta, a covered bridge over the
757:
1708:. Indiana University Bloomington. 2007
1393:. USDOT Federal Highway Administration
352:Covered bridge in Macon, Georgia, 1877
230:construction), was heavily damaged by
31:
1676:. Chandler, AZ: Coast Aire. pp.
1673:The Administration of Public Airports
1524:"Throwback Thursday: Covered bridges"
1436:
1434:
1390:Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)
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678:Plot points in the 1988 comedy films
546:consisting of an enclosed or covered
451:, including the world's longest, the
7:
1474:Covered bridges across North America
1649:. London: Alan Sutton. p. 47.
1295:. Courier Corporation. p. 84.
1259:Philip S. C. Caston (6 June 2013).
1003:List of nonbuilding structure types
449:58 covered bridges in New Brunswick
27:Wooden bridge with protective cover
1343:Griggs, Frank Jr. (October 2013).
1058:"Ohio's Vanishing Covered Bridges"
633:Bridge in the Czech Republic, the
345:respectively, both built in 1829.
25:
2043:medieval stone bridges in Germany
948:A covered bridge in North Vietnam
2181:
2180:
1476:. St. Paul, Minn.: MBI Pub. Co.
1293:Covered Bridges of the Northeast
1215:"Covered Bridge Security Manual"
1142:. Federal Highway Administration
1080:"World Guide to Covered Bridges"
1060:. Federal Highway Administration
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305:, completed in 1805 to span the
76:Pedestrians, livestock, vehicles
38:
1443:"Bridging the Past and Present"
1441:Brady, Matthew (17 July 2023).
1291:Allen, Richard Sanders (2004).
1235:"Bridge - Timber truss bridges"
606:) covered bridges are found in
1499:World Guide to Covered Bridges
1368:Christianson, Justine, et al.
1008:List of bridges with buildings
838:Cornish–Windsor Covered Bridge
783:West Dummerston Covered Bridge
385:World Guide to Covered Bridges
329:, both built in 1825, and the
1:
2000:Visual index to various types
768:Baumgardener's Covered Bridge
673:Never Bet the Devil Your Head
657:The Bridges of Madison County
434:FĂ©lix-Gabriel-Marchand Bridge
331:Haverhill–Bath Covered Bridge
1823:Cantilever spar cable-stayed
1647:Civil Engineering, 1839–1889
1522:Walker, Nick (28 May 2015).
1417:www.coveredbridgesociety.org
796:The 1,282-foot (391 m)
460:West Montrose Covered Bridge
1670:Gesell, Laurence E (1992).
1472:Conwill, Joseph D. (2004).
1447:American Lifestyle Magazine
554:in Cambridge, and Oxford's
2228:
2212:Bridges by structural type
242:
46:Cogan House Covered Bridge
2176:
2007:
1571:Lefrançois, Jean (2004).
853:Bridgeport Covered Bridge
560:Logic Lane covered bridge
37:
2111:Continuous truss bridges
2084:Lists of bridges by size
2021:Lists of bridges by type
186:Holzbrücke Bad Säckingen
1413:"Covered Bridge Trivia"
1239:Encyclopedia Britannica
1140:"Covered Bridge Manual"
1032:Encyclopædia Britannica
998:Architectural structure
730:In the Mouth of Madness
700:Tales from the Darkside
2070:List of bridge–tunnels
2014:
1838:Double-beam drawbridge
1645:Chrimes, Mike (1991).
1345:"The Permanent Bridge"
1278:"Swiss Timber Bridges"
573:which extends from an
535:in the United Kingdom.
496:
479:
393:Santa Cruz, California
362:Cornish–Windsor Bridge
353:
335:Roberts Covered Bridge
296:
2063:vertical-lift bridges
2013:
695:Diehls Covered Bridge
637:in Bulgaria, and the
635:Lovech Covered Bridge
494:
473:
389:Felton Covered Bridge
351:
294:
143:historic preservation
2121:Masonry arch bridges
2101:Cable-stayed bridges
1604:on 19 September 2020
1555:on 24 February 2012.
1192:Architectural Digest
913:A covered bridge in
662:Cedar Covered Bridge
631:ÄŚeskĂ˝ Krumlov Castle
533:Conwy Railway Bridge
2048:multi-level bridges
1528:Canadian Geographic
622:bridge is found in
542:is a type of urban
426:Lebel-sur-Quévillon
415:, a variant on the
34:
2106:Cantilever bridges
2096:Suspension bridges
2038:cantilever bridges
2015:
1935:Navigable aqueduct
1731:Covered Bridge Map
1349:Structure Magazine
738:All But Impossible
514:Pont des Marchands
512:, France, and the
497:
480:
419:truss patented by
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297:
198:Stein, Switzerland
2194:
2193:
2152:Bridge to nowhere
2053:road–rail bridges
1770:-related articles
1702:"Covered Bridges"
1624:"Covered Bridges"
1508:978-0-578-30263-8
1302:978-0-486-43662-3
961:Thanh ToĂ n Bridge
492:
474:Pont de Rohan in
430:Transports Québec
327:Hassenplug Bridge
127:
126:
16:(Redirected from
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2140:Additional lists
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705:George A. Romero
654:The 1992 novel,
612:Chengyang Bridge
610:, including the
575:airport terminal
569:is an enclosed,
529:Britannia Bridge
493:
391:, just north of
358:Lancaster County
319:Hyde Hall Bridge
307:Schuylkill River
302:Permanent Bridge
188:spans the river
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2028:List of bridges
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727:'s horror film
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1122:
1096:
1071:
1044:
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1005:
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971:
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938:
928:
921:
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886:
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879:
878:
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873:Ypäjä, Finland
866:
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851:
844:
842:
836:
829:
827:
816:
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806:
795:
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781:
774:
772:
766:
759:
755:
752:
750:
747:
746:
745:
742:Edward D. Hoch
734:
725:John Carpenter
721:
708:
691:
690:refer to them.
676:
665:
647:
644:
643:
642:
627:
596:
585:
563:
536:
521:
467:
466:Roofed bridges
464:
432:including the
413:Town québécois
400:
397:
288:
285:
281:Squire Whipple
243:Main article:
240:
237:
236:
235:
212:
205:Spreuer Bridge
201:
196:, Germany, to
169:
166:
150:
147:
131:covered bridge
125:
124:
121:
114:
113:
110:
106:
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98:
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90:
86:
85:
82:
78:
77:
74:
70:
69:
66:
62:
61:
55:
51:
50:
48:, Pennsylvania
43:
33:Covered bridge
26:
24:
18:Covered Bridge
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2224:
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2208:
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2187:
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2159:
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2036:
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2019:
2012:
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2001:
1997:
1995:
1992:
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1987:
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1963:
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1958:
1955:
1951:
1948:
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1933:
1931:
1928:
1924:
1923:Vertical-lift
1921:
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1916:
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1911:
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1801:
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1798:Bridge–tunnel
1796:
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1697:
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1689:
1687:0-9606874-7-5
1683:
1679:
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1666:
1663:
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1656:1-84015-008-4
1652:
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1483:0-7603-1822-0
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966:
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956:
951:
944:
939:
935:
931:
930:Ponte Coperto
925:
920:
916:
909:
904:
900:
896:
890:
885:
880:
874:
870:
863:
858:
854:
848:
843:
839:
833:
828:
824:
820:
812:
807:
803:
802:New Brunswick
799:
792:
787:
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778:
773:
769:
763:
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753:
748:
743:
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735:
732:
731:
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718:
713:
709:
706:
703:, created by
702:
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689:
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682:
677:
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670:
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663:
659:
658:
653:
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651:
645:
640:
639:Ponte Vecchio
636:
632:
628:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
594:
593:Rialto Bridge
590:
589:Ponte Coperto
586:
583:
579:
576:
572:
568:
564:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
534:
530:
526:
522:
519:
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511:
507:
506:Pont de Rohan
503:
502:
501:
477:
472:
465:
463:
461:
456:
454:
450:
446:
445:New Brunswick
443:Like Quebec,
441:
439:
435:
431:
427:
422:
418:
414:
409:
404:
398:
396:
394:
390:
386:
381:
378:
374:
369:
367:
366:Medora Bridge
363:
359:
350:
346:
344:
340:
339:New Hampshire
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
303:
293:
287:United States
286:
284:
282:
277:
275:
271:
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263:
259:
254:
252:
246:
239:North America
238:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
216:Ponte Coperto
213:
210:
206:
202:
199:
195:
194:Bad Säckingen
191:
187:
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175:
167:
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159:
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144:
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109:Design effort
107:
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83:
79:
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71:
67:
63:
59:
56:
52:
47:
41:
36:
30:
19:
2116:Arch bridges
2058:toll bridges
1998:
1974:Through arch
1827:
1808:Cable-stayed
1710:. Retrieved
1705:
1696:
1672:
1665:
1646:
1640:
1628:. Retrieved
1618:
1606:. Retrieved
1602:the original
1592:
1580:. Retrieved
1553:the original
1543:
1531:. Retrieved
1527:
1517:
1498:
1492:
1473:
1450:. Retrieved
1446:
1421:. Retrieved
1416:
1407:
1395:. Retrieved
1388:
1379:
1370:
1364:
1352:. Retrieved
1348:
1338:
1326:. Retrieved
1317:
1311:
1292:
1286:
1272:
1254:
1242:. Retrieved
1238:
1208:
1196:. Retrieved
1182:
1170:. Retrieved
1166:the original
1156:
1144:. Retrieved
1113:. Retrieved
1099:
1087:. Retrieved
1083:
1074:
1062:. Retrieved
1035:. Retrieved
1031:
1022:
737:
728:
715:
698:
685:
679:
655:
649:
616:Xijin Bridge
599:
498:
457:
442:
437:
412:
405:
402:
382:
373:wrought iron
370:
355:
323:Pennsylvania
311:Philadelphia
301:
298:
278:
274:Howe trusses
255:
248:
174:KapellbrĂĽcke
171:
155:
152:
140:
135:truss bridge
133:is a timber-
130:
128:
58:Truss bridge
29:
1918:Transporter
1898:Submersible
1883:Retractable
1423:27 February
1328:27 February
681:Beetlejuice
438:pont rouges
424:in 1958 in
421:Ithiel Town
178:Switzerland
162:Switzerland
145:campaigns.
2201:Categories
1957:Suspension
1873:Drawbridge
1843:Extradosed
1818:Cantilever
1803:Burr Truss
1793:Box girder
1198:15 October
1172:15 October
1014:References
986:, Vietnam
687:Funny Farm
646:In fiction
567:jet bridge
548:footbridge
525:box girder
510:Landerneau
476:Landerneau
258:Burr Truss
92:Typically
81:Span range
65:Descendant
2091:By length
1930:Multi-way
1712:8 January
1608:8 January
1582:8 January
1533:8 January
1452:20 August
1354:9 January
1266:(Report).
1244:9 January
1146:9 October
1115:9 January
1089:8 January
1064:8 January
1037:8 October
967:, Vietnam
641:in Italy.
598:In China
406:In 1900,
377:cast iron
118:Falsework
2186:Category
1950:Vlotbrug
1863:Moveable
992:See also
712:Joe Hill
620:Chùa Cầu
614:and the
600:lángqiáo
582:airplane
531:and the
518:Narbonne
478:, France
333:and the
315:New York
209:NeubrĂĽgg
120:required
89:Material
60:, others
54:Ancestor
2161:Related
2131:Tallest
2126:Highest
1994:Viaduct
1989:Tubular
1979:Trestle
1945:Pontoon
1888:Rolling
1878:Folding
1868:Bascule
1828:Covered
1678:114–115
1630:11 July
1397:4 March
936:, Italy
917:, China
901:, China
899:Guangxi
754:Covered
749:Gallery
733:(1994).
671:story "
624:Vietnam
608:Guangxi
417:lattice
270:Lattice
158:Germany
101:Movable
73:Carries
1969:Timber
1813:Canopy
1768:Bridge
1684:
1653:
1505:
1480:
1299:
984:Há»™i An
881:Roofed
823:Quebec
717:NOS4A2
714:novel
580:to an
544:pedway
540:skyway
408:Quebec
399:Canada
272:, and
232:Allied
224:Ticino
207:, and
168:Europe
1984:Truss
1962:types
1908:Table
1903:Swing
1576:(PDF)
1322:(PDF)
1264:(PDF)
1218:(PDF)
1109:(PDF)
934:Pavia
341:and
337:, in
266:Queen
228:Roman
220:Pavia
192:from
190:Rhine
84:Short
1940:Pile
1913:Tilt
1858:Moon
1833:Crib
1788:Beam
1783:Arch
1714:2019
1682:ISBN
1651:ISBN
1632:2019
1610:2019
1584:2019
1535:2019
1503:ISBN
1478:ISBN
1454:2023
1425:2020
1399:2021
1356:2019
1330:2020
1297:ISBN
1246:2019
1200:2018
1174:2018
1148:2012
1117:2019
1091:2019
1066:2019
1039:2012
817:The
710:The
693:The
684:and
667:The
591:and
578:gate
558:and
504:The
375:and
343:Ohio
321:and
317:'s
262:King
251:span
214:The
184:The
160:and
94:wood
68:None
44:The
1853:Log
1848:Jet
982:in
965:Huáşż
932:in
897:in
871:in
821:in
800:in
740:by
516:in
508:in
455:.
325:'s
309:in
218:in
112:Low
2203::
1704:.
1680:.
1561:^
1526:.
1462:^
1445:.
1433:^
1415:.
1387:.
1347:.
1237:.
1226:^
1190:.
1125:^
1082:.
1047:^
1030:.
963:,
604:廊桥
565:A
538:A
462:.
395:.
276:.
268:,
264:,
129:A
104:No
1760:e
1753:t
1746:v
1716:.
1690:.
1659:.
1634:.
1612:.
1586:.
1537:.
1511:.
1486:.
1456:.
1427:.
1401:.
1358:.
1332:.
1305:.
1280:.
1248:.
1202:.
1176:.
1150:.
1119:.
1093:.
1068:.
1041:.
875:.
744:.
707:.
675:"
626:.
602:(
562:.
211:.
20:)
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