502:'s comprehensive Letters on the culture of the vine (1844). She cites William Cox's vineyard at Mulgoa as being planted in 'deep trenches, and their parallel lines can still often be seen clearly as "crop marks". The vineyard terracing on Lot 2 was very evident in 1983 when the Mulgoa Valley Regional Environmental Study was prepared and is still obvious today. It is likely that the vines that produced the medal winning wine in 1847 were grown on Lot 2, since terraces have not been identified on the property now known as
37:
897:. This cultural landscape remains substantially intact unlike the settings of many other colonial homesteads on the Cumberland Plain. The land also has potential local natural heritage significance since it includes remnant riparian vegetation (albeit with a species composition that includes a number of exotic species, including weeds), that is part of a wildlife corridor along Mulgoa Creek which may be the last of western Sydney's waterways to remain in a natural, largely undisturbed state.
495:) medal for the production of the best wine, was keen. The magnificent 9-centimetre (3.5 in) diameter, 156-gram (5.5 oz) medal by Richard Lamb is a reflection on the status of the prize, possibly engraved by the colony's leading exponent Samuel Clayton, then living close by at Windsor. A case could be made for this medal being amongst the earliest and possibly the grandest of all surviving New South Wales agricultural medals and one of the great objects of Australian silver.
44:
1085:
392:, on land granted to the infant Edward Cox in 1809-10. Surveyor James Meehan apparently sighted boundaries for neighbouring grants from "Mr Cox's house" in July 1811, and the earliest part of the house - (verandah-less, with jerkin-head gables, intact in the roof space today) - may date from this time. The house noted by Meehan, probably built
884:
over the Blue
Mountains. William and other members of the Cox family were instrumental in developing the Mulgoa Valley and the houses they erected include some of the most significant surviving colonial residences in NSW. The land is considered to have historical associational significance at a State level.
908:
is of social significance at a State level for the esteem in which it is held by heritage organisations and other community groups including the
Australian Garden History Society and National Trust of Australia (NSW)) as well as the locally based Mulgoa Progress Association and Mulgoa Valley Landcare
829:
is of social significance at a State level for the esteem in which it is held by heritage organisations and other community groups. Cox's
Cottage has research potential at a State level for the tangible evidence of its early nineteenth century heritage fabric including the Cottage building itself and
883:
The property has historical associational significance at a State level through its strong associations with several generations of the Cox family, who were important in the development of agricultural and pastoral industries in the colony of NSW, including
William Cox, who supervised the first road
818:
The property has historical associational significance at a State level through several generations of the Cox family, who were important in the development of agricultural and pastoral industries in the colony of NSW, including
William Cox, who supervised the construction of the first road over the
672:
is located on the northern end of Lot 3 and a contemporary home with associated outhouses has been built on Lot 4 DP 241971 to the north and out of sight from the cottage. Mulgoa Creek runs from north to south near the eastern boundary of both Lots 3 and 4. Most of the 20 hectares comprising Lots 3
422:
was extended from a simple three room house with jerkin head gabled roof by the addition of another room, at the western end, and an encircling verandah. Adding a verandah was an innovation of architectural significance: the former vernacular
English weatherboard box became a colonial bungalow. The
347:
in 1799. During his 37 years of residence in the early colony, he made a substantial and enduring contribution to its progress in the fields of public administration, building and agricultural development. The Cox family were remarkable "house and garden" people. During the middle years of the 19th
604:
is one of the earliest and most important colonial houses, and still retains its fine rural setting. It formed the nucleus of the Mulgoa settlement. It is perhaps the oldest weatherboard house in New South Wales, in proportion and roofline being one of the first early colonial bungalows. It is the
566:
In 1913 the property was sold to Fowler and Baylis of
Penrith, then to a Mr Max Lam for a short time. In 1920 it was purchased by H. J. Davey. Mrs Davey and J. Love had a short partnership, then Mrs Davey and Mrs Love ran the dairy farm until about 1969, when Mrs Davey retired to a fibro house she
596:
has been owned by James
Broadbent and his family since the 1970s. Dr James Broadbent is a noted architectural and landscape historian who has preserved the house and reconstructed/ recreated the garden to retain the significance of the building and its setting. Broadbent has embarked on a lengthy
892:
The house is of State aesthetic significance as a relatively intact colonial cottage, thought to be the oldest weatherboard-clad dwelling in
Australia and probably the oldest occupied residence in the country. Its surrounding fields are also of State significance for providing an intact pastoral
709:
Two areas of former vineyard terraces are still evident. Vegetation on the cleared lower flats and the flat area east of Mulgoa Road is mainly pasture species with agricultural weeds including St John's Wort and blackberry in places. Along Mulgoa Creek are remnant native trees interspersed with
874:
is historically significant and rare at a State level for retaining the original pastoral landscape of its immediate surrounds, providing evidence of colonial settlement patterns in the western part of the
Cumberland Plain and of early attempts at farming and viticulture in the Sydney region.
924:
and the former vineyard terracing on Lot 2 dating from the first half of the 19th century. The property is considered likely to contain other archaeological evidence relating to the Cox family period of occupation of the area, including possible building sites and orchard locations.
830:
the former vineyard terracing on Lot 2 dating from the first half of the 19th century. The property is considered likely to contain other archaeological evidence relating to the Cox family period of occupation of the area, including possible building sites and orchard locations.
940:
and St Thomas' Anglican Church. This is a designed landscape which includes historic and existing visual links between the three properties and which demonstrates attempts by early European settlers to manipulate the native vegetation to achieve a particular design outcome.
840:
and St Thomas' Anglican Church. This is a designed landscape which includes historic and existing visual links between the three properties and which demonstrates attempts by early European settlers to manipulate the native vegetation to achieve a particular design outcome.
472:'A commodious and convenient Family Cottage in the Vale of Mulgoa, containing dining (9 by 5 metres (30 by 17 ft)), drawing, five bedrooms and a large cellar with every description of convenient out-offices - an established well stocked orchard and garden.'
870:, dating from 1810, is of State significance as one of the oldest weatherboard-clad dwellings in NSW and probably the oldest occupied residence in the country. Located on the early land grant made to the influential Cox family in the Mulgoa Valley,
802:, dating from 1810, is of State significance as one of the oldest weatherboard-clad dwellings in NSW and probably the oldest occupied residence in the country. Located on the early land grant made to the influential Cox family in the Mulgoa Valley,
705:
The block generally slopes from Mulgoa Road to the creek with a small rise of saddle near the road. The site features two small dams located on the natural watercourse along the northern boundary which are fed by rain and not by a watercourse.
590:(NSW): payment was made for the eradication of termites and the boarding up of its windows. The house thus was given some protection, but unfortunately the stone verandah flagging was removed shortly before Mr. Broadbent purchased the house.
407:. The farm was well established by 1815 when Mrs Cox prepared for the visit of Governor Macquarie with "an excellent cold collation". For some time James King, a servant of the Cox family, managed their Mulgoa properties from the site of
718:
As at 28 November 2007, the property is considered likely to contain archaeological evidence relating to the Cox family period of occupation of the area, including possible building sites and orchard locations, for example:
785:
was almost derelict when bought by historian and conservator James Broadbent and his family in the 1970s. He has spent decades carefully conserving the building and its landscape following Burra Charter principles.
710:
mature exotic species including English and Japanese elms and privet. Vegetation elsewhere is mostly regenerating rough-barked apple oak (Angophora sp. - e.g. A.intermedia, A.floribunda) and stands of Acacia sp.
806:
is historically significant and rare at a State level for retaining the original pastoral landscape of its immediate surrounds, providing evidence of colonial settlement patterns in the western part of the
430:
About 1825 Edward Cox, who had been only four years old when he was granted the land, returned from schooling in England. In 1827, at the age of 22, he married Jane Maria Brooks and they lived at
679:
is oriented to the north-east and positioned at the end of its ridge (a pattern of development through the immediate area) with views along the creek to the north and over the river flats.
517:
for the way in which the Cox family had manipulated the landscape by removing or thinning eucalypts and retaining the local angophoras, which had more of the appearance of English trees.
845:
is also of State significance as representative of early colonial homesteads and cultural landscapes associated with early farming practices in the western part of the Cumberland Plain.
836:
has rarity significance at a State level as an integral part of one of the most significant cultural landscapes in NSW, namely the Mulgoa Valley landscape which is also associated with
625:, dating from 1810 or 1811, is probably the oldest inhabited residence in Australia (other earlier surviving domiciles are now typically run as museums). It is probably also the oldest
487:
In 1847 a medal was won by Edward Cox for wines produced on his property, Fernhill, competing against his brother and neighbour Henry at Glenmore also at Mulgoa and Sir John Jamison at
1405:
s.6.5.4 Mulgoa, p.92 in appendix D, Historical Archaeological Component by Wendy Thorp, 8/1986 in Fox & Associates, Heritage Study of the City of Penrith, Volume 2 - appendices.
952:
is of State significance as representative of early colonial homesteads and cultural landscapes associated with early farming practices in the western part of the Cumberland Plain.
642:), both documented as growing here in the mid 19th century). Post 1980 plantings include a number of species typical of Cumberland Plain colonial gardens, such as Bunya Bunya pine (
936:
has rarity value at a State level as an integral part of one of the most significant cultural landscapes in NSW, namely the Mulgoa Valley landscape which is also associated with
586:
endured years of neglect with the inevitable consequence of the serious deterioration of its fabric. An important step was taken when Miss Valerie Cox made a donation to the
498:
Historical archaeologist Judy Birmingham has listed the literature on wine making that would have been available to the early European settlers of the colony, including
629:
cottage in New South Wales. The cottage is an early colonial bungalow which retains its rural setting and remnants of its original garden (including white cedar trees (
1600:
445:
and Lot 2 was described as one of the five principal estates in the Mulgoa Valley. In 1843 Edward Cox built and moved into a much grander Greek Revival style house,
654:). It has a rectangular, asymmetrical plan with double pitched roof. Appears to have reached present form by 1820. It was originally shingled but this was replaced
551:
Following the death of Edward King Cox, his third son, Alfred Edward Cox and a J. Blaikie formed a partnership and ran a dairy on the property during the period
492:
879:
The place has a strong or special association with a person, or group of persons, of importance of cultural or natural history of New South Wales's history.
702:
to the north, with its narrow western end fronting onto Mulgoa Road. It is L-shaped and extends to the north along the river flats on its eastern boundary.
820:
132:
901:
The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.
597:
scheme of restoration. His plan was to work from the outside in: therefore his attention was given firstly to the repair of the verandah and roof.
1578:
1065:
852:
258:
257:
before the new house was built. The property remains privately owned and is the oldest house in Australia still in residence. It was added to the
152:
89:
1070:
1610:
945:
The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or natural places/environments in New South Wales.
888:
The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.
36:
424:
913:
The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.
723:
Site of early buildings - large area of ridge to south of the cottage with signs of former buildings from farm and possibly race horse stud;
453:
on the western side of Mulgoa Road. Apparently designed as a two-storey building but built as single storey, possibly by colonial architect
316:, eventually totalling some 1,520 hectares (3,760 acres). The first of these grants, of 12 hectares (30 acres), made in 1809 to the infant
1570:
1615:
823:
cottage and its surrounding fields are also of State significance for providing an intact pastoral landscape setting for the Cottage.
317:
1439:'The Cottage, Mulgoa' entry, in National Trust of Australia (NSW), Inspection no. 274, Mulgoa Days, Saturday 24/3 or Sunday 25/3/1979
1620:
961:
544:. In late 1982 the once-fenced gravesites of Grand Flaneur and famous sire, Yattendon, were no longer evident. The stables behind
1605:
338:
1574:
920:
has research potential at a State level for the tangible evidence of its early nineteenth century heritage fabric including
423:
cottage was the nucleus of the Mulgoa Settlement and was also the site of religious gatherings before the construction of
370:, Winbourne and Fernhill at Mulgoa. Another son, James, settled in Van Dieman's Land, where he built his own magnificent
488:
357:
587:
349:
859:
The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales.
606:
478:
361:
929:
The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.
510:
353:
313:
238:
68:
1466:"On the verandah", Australia’s Open garden Scheme 2004-05: The Essential Guide to Australia’s Open Gardens
287:
231:
1538:'Mulgoa Present and Past', Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society, Vol. IV, 1917, pp.161-196
468:
and 162 hectares (400 acres) of land were put up for lease. At this time the property was described as:
389:
334:
1060:
411:, with the occasional help of William Cox's fourth, fifth and seventh sons, George, Henry and Edward.
644:
343:
1585:
1092:
275:
1581:
published by the State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) 2018 under
650:
499:
418:
with their new wives before moving to their own houses in the Mulgoa area. At about this time
321:
283:
388:
was built for Lt. William Cox under the supervision of James King, a retired sergeant of the
1088:
Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under
808:
366:
326:
819:
Blue Mountains. The house is of State aesthetic significance as a relatively intact early
638:
631:
521:
246:
242:
76:
72:
733:- distinct impression in ground in gully to west of cottage; source of bricks for house;
364:; his sons Henry, George and Edward were to build and occupy their respective houses of
1114:
454:
1594:
541:
537:
230:
is a heritage-listed pasturing land and residence located at 2 St Thomas Road in the
163:
Cox's Cottage; Mulgoa Cottage; The Cottage; Coxs Cottage; Fern Hill; Estate of Mulgoa
337:, is perhaps best known for supervising the construction of the first road over the
297:
There is a reference to an attack on the Cox property by Aboriginal people in 1814.
626:
255:
The Cottage, Coxs Cottage, and was formally known as Fern Hill and Estate of Mulgoa
1582:
1569:
1089:
461:
was not finished, possibly as a result of the economic recession of the 1840s.
249:, Australia. It was built from 1810 to 1811 by James King. It is also known as
309:
341:
in the second half of 1814. Lt. William Cox sailed to New South Wales on the
104:
91:
698:
Lot 2 DP 241971 is an undeveloped lot of 10 hectares (25 acres) adjacent to
312:
and purchases to members of the Cox family in the Mulgoa Valley, south of
491:. Competition in 1847 for the West Cumberland Agricultural Society (now
1084:
374:. Around all these houses the Cox families created beautiful gardens.
812:
529:
291:
234:
773:
s - no visible remains of graves of "Yattendon" and 'Grand Flaneur'.
609:
Valley, and the oldest surviving of the numerous Cox family houses.
520:
Edward Cox died in 1863 and the property passed to his oldest son
743:- distinct impression of many terraces over wide area on slope;
668:
included two ten hectare lots of land, Lots 3 and 4 DP 241971.
682:
The still intact historical and visual relationships between
414:
Between 1821 and 1825 George and Henry Cox lived in turn at
1556:
Sydney Regional Environmental Plan - No.13 - Mulgoa Valley
1430:'Australian Pioneer Families: 2. The Cox Family', The Home
509:
In the early 1850s Colonel Godfrey Mundy, aide-de-camp to
855:
on 2 April 1999 having satisfied the following criteria.
811:
and of early attempts at farming and viticulture in the
399:-11, is most likely to have been the building known as
1457:
Colonial Landscapes of the Cumberland Plain and Camden
1573:
This Knowledge (XXG) article was originally based on
600:
Beautifully sited on a small rise near Mulgoa Creek,
1493:
Colonial Boy (100 amazing Sydney homes) SMH 15/11/03
1329:
1327:
1317:
1315:
753:
century - possibly marked by vertical timber piling;
532:, who until 1885 operated a noted racehorse stud at
1419:Birmingham, Judy; Jack, Ian; Jeans, Dennis (1979).
1167:
324:the following year, became known as "Fernhills" or
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536:, producing several famous horses including 1880
1554:Department of Environment and Planning (1987).
636:) and the striking succulent "century plants" (
470:
1437:Chippindall, Louise; Broadbent, James (1979).
1055:
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1049:
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575:was then leased to a Mr Sheehan until 1972.
1455:Morris, Colleen; Britton, Geoffrey (2000).
18:Historic site in New South Wales, Australia
1484:Mulgoa Valley Regional Environmental Study
1246:Riley, W E, JRAHS, vol.XXXII, p.251 et al.
464:Perhaps also as a result of the recession
20:
43:
1071:Department of Planning & Environment
1601:New South Wales State Heritage Register
1579:New South Wales State Heritage Register
1127:Kinhill Stearns, 1983; Bertie 1930, p51
1066:New South Wales State Heritage Register
973:
853:New South Wales State Heritage Register
259:New South Wales State Heritage Register
1237:Cox, Jane Maria, "Reminiscences", B391
766:Possible site of former horse graves,
686:, St Thomas's Church to the south and
1547:Heritage Study of the City of Penrith
1529:'The Cox Family in the Mulgoa Valley'
1448:Catalogue of the Fernhill Stud Horses
1300:Mulgoa Valley RES appendices item C14
206:
198:
190:
182:
174:
166:
158:
149:
7:
356:; his eldest son William, lived at
763:- marked by surviving fruit trees;
14:
1511:"The Cottage, Mamre and Leeholme"
1475:Surveyor’s field notes 1811-1813
1212:Chippindall/Broadbent, 1979 says
962:List of heritage houses in Sydney
673:and 4 is pastoral in appearance.
493:Royal Agricultural Society of NSW
153:New South Wales Heritage Register
1588:, accessed on 13 October 2018.
1568:
1083:
348:century, William Cox Sr. was at
42:
35:
1351:Stuart Read, pers.comm.5/3/2012
1333:Chippindall/Broadbent, 1979, 4
1203:Chippindall/Broadbent, 1979, 3
1180:Chippindall/Broadbent, 1979, 2
661:by zinc coated roofing tiles.
605:oldest building in the Mulgoa/
1:
1611:Homesteads in New South Wales
1545:Fox & Associates (1987).
1421:Australian Pioneer Technology
1213:
767:
757:
747:
737:
727:
664:The original SHR listing for
655:
552:
449:, on the hill to the west of
393:
548:were still evident in 1917.
434:for the next sixteen years.
333:Edward's father, Lieutenant
278:of the land now occupied by
690:to the west are important.
588:National Trust of Australia
425:St. Thomas' Anglican Church
1637:
1577:, entry number 171 in the
1255:Australiana, November 2008
308:is part of early colonial
171:State heritage (landscape)
1616:Houses in New South Wales
1518:Proudfoot, Helen (1987).
1491:Walters, Michael (2003).
1482:Stearns, Kinhill (1983).
1464:Broadbent, James (2004).
1291:Clibborn, 1926, pp.16, 23
567:had built to the west of
479:The Sydney Morning Herald
290:who became known as the "
245:local government area of
219:
215:
146:
30:
1621:Farms in New South Wales
1606:Mulgoa, New South Wales
1527:Purdy, Barbara (1969).
1520:Exploring Sydney's West
1360:AHC entry for RNE, 1978
1273:Birmingham, 1979, p.158
778:Modifications and dates
617:
211:James King (supervisor)
1509:Palmer, Freda (1972).
1473:Meehan, James (1811).
893:landscape setting for
756:Site of former house,
736:Site of the vineyard,
506:to the west of Lot 2.
485:
288:Aboriginal Australians
142:Department of Planning
129:Architectural style(s)
1500:Mundy, G. C. (1857).
1446:Clibborn, T. (1885).
390:New South Wales Corps
562:After the Cox family
105:33.8254°S 150.6566°E
1309:Watson, 1917, p.187
1228:Roxburgh, pp.239-40
1189:Meehan, Field Books
794:As at 21 May 2010,
726:Site of clay pits,
645:Araucaria bidwillii
286:people, a group of
203:Farming and Grazing
101: /
1104:Karskens, 2009, p9
851:was listed on the
746:Site of dam/weir,
579:Rescue and revival
482:, 7 July 1845, p.3
437:By the late 1830s
322:Governor Macquarie
276:traditional owners
184:Reference no.
110:-33.8254; 150.6566
67:2 St Thomas Road,
1282:Mundy, pp.150-151
821:Colonial Georgian
651:Grevillea robusta
648:) and silky oak (
500:William Macarthur
320:and confirmed by
261:on 2 April 1999.
223:
222:
195:Homestead Complex
133:Colonial Georgian
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1369:Davies, 2007, p2
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1171:Betteridge, 2009
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790:Heritage listing
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634:var.australasica
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1061:"Cox's Cottage"
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639:Agave americana
632:Melia azedarach
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524:(1829-1883) of
522:Edward King Cox
484:
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270:Aboriginal land
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247:New South Wales
243:City of Penrith
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124:1810–1811
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73:City of Penrith
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1413:Bibliography
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1321:Palmer, 1972
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179:2 April 1999
52:
51:Location of
24:
15:
1564:Attribution
1264:1979, p.158
1217: 1820
1118:, May 1814.
922:The Cottage
895:The Cottage
868:The Cottage
800:The Cottage
771: 1880
761: 1792
751: 19th
741: 1810
731: 1810
677:The Cottage
670:The Cottage
659: 1850
613:Description
602:The Cottage
594:The Cottage
584:The Cottage
573:The Cottage
569:The Cottage
556: 1897
546:The Cottage
534:The Cottage
489:Regentville
466:The Cottage
451:The Cottage
443:The Cottage
432:The Cottage
420:The Cottage
416:The Cottage
409:The Cottage
401:The Cottage
397: 1810
378:The Cottage
358:Hobartville
335:William Cox
310:land grants
108: /
96:150°39′24″E
84:Coordinates
79:, Australia
1595:Categories
1077:13 October
968:References
318:Edward Cox
237:suburb of
176:Designated
93:33°49′31″S
1583:CC-BY 4.0
1090:CC-BY 4.0
714:Condition
558:to 1913.
372:Clarendon
350:Clarendon
282:were the
55:in Sydney
1073:. H00171
956:See also
938:Fernhill
838:Fernhill
815:region.
688:Fernhill
607:Wallacia
515:Fernhill
504:Fernhill
475:—
459:Fernhill
447:Fernhill
439:Fernhill
427:nearby.
386:Fernhill
367:Glenmore
362:Richmond
327:Fernhill
294:tribe".
284:Mulgowie
208:Builders
200:Category
64:Location
1586:licence
1093:licence
909:Group.
540:winner
354:Windsor
352:, near
344:Minerva
314:Penrith
265:History
241:in the
232:western
813:Sydney
530:Mudgee
526:Rawden
292:Mulgoa
239:Mulgoa
235:Sydney
69:Mulgoa
694:Lot 2
139:Owner
121:Built
1079:2018
274:The
192:Type
168:Type
1378:AHC
866:or
798:or
403:or
384:or
187:171
1597::
1326:^
1314:^
1214:c.
1194:^
1146:^
1132:^
1069:.
1063:.
976:^
768:c.
758:c.
748:c.
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728:c.
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571:.
553:c.
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394:c.
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1081:.
380:/
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