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2681:. Formed from one of the most recent lava flows, the caves are a 0.8 miles (1.3 km) walk from the parking lot and include Dewdrop Cave and Indian Tunnel. The caves are open to visitors in the summer, but a free permit is required to enter. Flashlights are needed in Dewdrop Cave and strongly recommended for Indian Tunnel. None of the caves are developed beyond the entrances and require climbing or scrambling over loose rocks. Lava tubes are created when the sides and surface of a lava flow hardens. If the fluid interior flows away, a cave is left behind.
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miles (2.9 km) Broken Top Loop trail is the third trail that begins at this area and encircles the youngest cinder cone in the park and can be done separately or as part of a longer trek on the
Wilderness Trail. This trail features some of the greatest geological and ecological diversity of any trail in the park. A pull-off on the spur road leading to the Tree Molds area showcases the Lava Cascades, a lava river created from the Blue Dragon Flow that temporarily pooled in Big Sink, a former
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461:, while younger fields, such as Craters of the Moon, only have a seasonal and very sparse cover of vegetation. When viewed from a distance, this cover disappears almost entirely, giving an impression of utter black desolation. Repeated lava flows over the last 15,000 years have raised the land surface enough to expose it to the prevailing southwesterly winds, which help to keep the area dry. Together these conditions make life on the lava field difficult.
1649:, Idaho, they explored what is now the park from south to north, passing Two Point Butte, Echo Crater, Big Craters, North Crater Flow, and out of the lava field through the Yellowstone Park and Lincoln Highway (now known as the Old Arco-Carey Road). Taking the dog along was a mistake, Limbert wrote, "for after three days' travel his feet were worn and bleeding." Many of the names Limbert gave to formations and places during his travels are still in use.
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series of seldom-visited volcanic features. All overnight backcountry hikes require registration at the visitor center. No water is available in the backcountry and the dry climate combined with the high elevation quickly dehydrates hikers. Avoiding summer heat and winter cold are therefore recommended by rangers. Pets, campfires, and all mechanized vehicles, including bicycles, are not allowed in the
Wilderness area.
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1768:. Part of that goal was reached in 2000 when the monument was expanded 13-fold, from 53,545 acres (217 km) to its current size, to encompass the entire Great Rift zone and its three lava fields. Opposition by cattle interests and hunters to a simple expansion plan led to a compromise of having the National Park Service portion of the addition, which comprises the lava flows, become a
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1876:, and are expected to erupt again in less than 1,000 years. There are eight major eruptive periods recognized in the Craters of the Moon Lava Field. Each period lasted about 1000 years or less and were separated by relatively quiet periods that lasted between 500 and 3,000 years. Individual lava flows traveled up to 30 miles (50 km) with the Blue Dragon Flow being the longest.
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1946:. Later stages of an eruption push lava streams out through the side or base of cinder cones, which usually ends the life of the cinder cone (North Crater, Watchman, and the Sheep Trail Buttes are notable exceptions). This will sometimes breach part of the cone and carry it away as large and craggy blocks of
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1631:(the wrestler), Dr. Dresser, and Albert Jones; the second was with Wes Watson and Era Martin (ranchers living about four miles from the northern edge). The peculiar features seen on those trips led me to take a third across the region in the hope that even more interesting phenomena might be encountered.
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mile (400 m) long crosses the lava flow for which this trail is named. This lava flow erupted from neighboring North Crater cinder cone and is one of the youngest lava flows of the
Craters of the Moon lava field. This is one of the places visitors can view the Blue Dragon Flow, a lava flow named
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initiated construction of today's road system, visitor center, bookstore, campground, and comfort station in 1956, and in 1959 the
Craters of the Moon Natural History Association was formed to assist the monument in educational activities. The addition of an island of vegetation completely surrounded
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was originally erected to prevent neighboring livestock from entering the park, the survey found that the types of fencing used made it extremely difficult for animals to slip under it. When confronted with a fence, pronghorns typically crawl under it rather than try to jump over. The fence was also
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This lava field is the largest of several large beds of lava that erupted from the 53-mile (85 km) south-east to north-west trending Great Rift volcanic zone, a line of weakness in the Earth's crust. Together with fields from other fissures they make up the Lava Beds of Idaho, which in turn are
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The Tree Molds Trail is an area where lava flows overran part of a forest. The trees were incinerated but as some of them burned they released enough water to cool the lava to form an impression. Some of these casts survived the eruption and mark the exact location and shape of the burning trees in
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to track their movements throughout the year. These studies showed that in the spring and fall, the animals travel about 100 miles (160 km) one-way along the southern edges of the mountains to reach their summer and winter ranges. In the winter, they join the largest wintering herd in Idaho on
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A typical eruption along the Great Rift and similar basaltic rift systems starts with a curtain of very fluid lava shooting up to 1,000 feet (300 m) high along a segment of the rift up to 1 mile (1.6 km) long. As the eruption continues, pressure and heat decrease, and the chemistry of the
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are created by accumulations of pasty, gas-poor lava as they erupt from a vent. Two of the
Spatter Cones in this area can be accessed by short trails where visitors can look inside the cones. Big Craters is a cinder cone complex visitors can hike along the rim of about 100 feet (30 m) above a
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Devils
Orchard is a group of lava-transported cinder cone fragments (or rafted blocks) that stand in cinders. Like the Monoliths at North Crater Flow, they were once part of the North Crater cinder cone but broke off during an eruption. A paved, accessible, 0.5 miles (0.80 km) long loop trail
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are readily visible along with large, rafted crater wall fragments called the
Monoliths. The Monoliths were once part of a cinder cone which was ripped apart when the volcano's lava-filled crater was breached. North Crater Trail, a separate trail, begins 100 yards (91 m) past the North Crater
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The Robert
Limbert Visitor Center is located at the entrance to the scenic Loop Road. Various displays and publications are available along with a short film about the geology and history of the area help to orient visitors. Ranger-led walks and other programs are available in the summer and cover
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groves. Rain in late
September prompts the herd to return to the monument to feed on bitterbrush until snow in November triggers them to migrate back to their winter range. This herd, therefore, has a dual summer range. It is also very productive with one of the highest fawn survival rates of any
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The deer arrive in the southern part of the pre-2000 extent of the monument mid-April each year once winter snows have melted away enough to allow for foraging. Griffith found that by late summer plants in the area have already matured and dried to the point that they can no longer provide enough
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Water is usually only found deep inside holes at the bottom of blow-out craters. Animals therefore get most or all of the moisture they need directly from their food. The black soil on and around cinder cones does not hold moisture for long, making it difficult for plants to establish themselves.
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is available in the
Craters of the Moon National Wilderness Area and the much larger backcountry area beyond. Only two trails enter the Wilderness area, the Wilderness Trail and Tree Molds Trail, and even those stop after a few miles. From there, most hikers follow the Great Rift and explore its
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are visible at the end of the Tree Molds Trail, 1 mile (1.6 km) from the parking area. The Wilderness Trail also leaves from this parking lot and extends nearly 4 miles (6.4 km) into the Craters of the Moon Wilderness before gradually disappearing near The Sentinel cinder cone. The 1.8
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This stop hosts a short, steep trail up to the top of the cinder cone which provides an overlook of the entire monument. From there, the Spatter Cones can be seen just to the southwest along with the line of cinder cones along the Great Rift. In the distance is Big Cinder Butte. At over 700 feet
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culture, the Northern Shoshone subsisted off of the land's bounty; in addition to gathering edible plants, nuts, roots, and berries, numerous game animals were hunted and trapped, both for meat and supplies, as well as for insulating skins and furs. Larger game hides were used in construction of
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From 2009 to 2017, the park service worked with the Utah Conservation Corps to reconstruct the boundary fence in this area as well as another area several miles northeast to be wildlife friendly. This included removing some fence segments and implementing gates and drop panels where possible.
1961:, Idaho's tallest mountain, in 1983 would restart volcanic activity at Craters of the Moon, though this proved not to be the case. Geologists predict that the area will experience its next eruption sometime in the next 900 years, with activity most likely to occur within the next 100 years.
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moisture to sustain the deer. In late July after about 12 days above 80 °F (27 °C) and warm nights above 50 °F (10 °C) the herd migrates 5 to 10 miles (8.0 to 16.1 km) north to the Pioneer Mountains to obtain water from free-flowing streams and shade themselves in
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Niles, John H.; et al. (Owen, D.E., Kuntz M.A., Lefebre, R.H., Champion, D.E., Barnes, A.C., Brossy, C., Brulet, B.R., Chemtob, S.M., Clennon, R.P., Hansen, N., Keane, S.M., Kohler, R.M., Mocsny, B.L., Rivera, T.A., Shirley, E.K., Truitt, K.E., Tveter, A.J., Wetherell, K.A.) (2011).
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It is the play of light at sunset across this lava that charms the spectator. It becomes a twisted, wavy sea. In the moonlight its glazed surface has a silvery sheen. With changing conditions of light and air, it varies also, even while one stands and watches. It is a place of color and
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knew about this route and likely conducted seasonal pronghorn hunts in this area coinciding with pronghorn migration. Due to the narrow size of this natural funnel, the National Park Service has monitored the number of pronghorns migrating through this area using motion-sensitive
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during the winter months, are diurnal during the late spring and early fall, and become crepuscular during the heat of summer. Many insects and some birds also alter their times of activity. Some animals, like ground squirrels and marmots, have one or more periods of
2568:, shrubs, trees, and wildlife can be seen by hiking on one of the many trails in the monument or by just pulling over into one of the turn-offs. More rugged hiking opportunities are available in the Craters of the Moon backcountry areas, away from the Loop Road.
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King's Bowl and part of the Great Rift from air. King's Bowl is a phreatic explosion pit 280 feet (90 m) long, 100 feet (30 m) wide, and at least 600 feet (183 m) deep, caused by lava meeting groundwater and producing a steam explosion 2,200 years
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As a result of the initial study, the National Park Service conducted a survey of its boundary fence and found that the fence along the northern section of Craters of the Moon interfered with pronghorn migration where it intersected the route. While the
2202:, including wildflowers. Most of these plants complete their entire life cycle in the few months each year that moisture levels are good. The onset of summer decreases the number of wildflowers and by autumn only the tiny yellow flowers of sagebrush and
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1615:, first came to the area in 1918 after hearing stories from fur trappers about "strange things they had seen while ranging the region". In the early 1920s, he explored and mapped the area, which he described as "practically unknown and unexplored..."
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Meaning that Craters of the Moon once looked like Yellowstone does today and Yellowstone will one day look much like Craters of the Moon does now. The hot spot stays in the same place while the overlying continent of North America moves.
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word describing older land surrounded by younger lava. Carey Kīpuka is one such area in the southernmost part of the monument and is used as a benchmark to measure how plant cover has changed in less pristine parts of southern Idaho.
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A series of newspaper and magazine articles written by Limbert were later published about this and previous treks, which increased public awareness of the area. The most famous of these was an article that appeared in a 1924 issue of
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at Craters of the Moon Lava Field. Numbering 795 men and 300 women and children, the unusually large group was relatively unmolested during its journey and named the cutoff for their guide. Improvements to the cutoff such as adding a
2332:. The subdued morning and evening light helps make them less visible to predators but is bright enough to allow them to locate food. Some animals are crepuscular mainly because their prey is. Crepuscular animals in the area include
423:. The 60 distinct solidified lava flows that form the Craters of the Moon Lava Field range in age from 15,000 to just 2,000 years. The Kings Bowl and Wapi lava fields, both about 2,200 years old, are part of the National Preserve.
2729:. Typically, there are 20 inches (51 cm) of snow by January and 25 in (64 cm) by February. Skiing off the Loop Road is allowed in most places but may be dangerous due to sharp lava and hidden holes under the snow.
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mounds, and an ash blanket. The Wapi Lava Field probably formed from a fissure eruption at the same time as the King's Bowl eruption. More prolonged activity over a period of months to a few years led to the formation of low
1584:(USGS). In 1910, Samuel Paisley continued Russell's work and later would become the monument's first custodian. Others followed and in time much of the mystery surrounding this and the other lava beds of Idaho was lifted.
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to cover a total area of 1,117 square miles (2,893 km). The Monument alone covers 343,000 acres (139,000 ha). All three lava fields lie along the Great Rift of Idaho, with some of the best examples of open
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cuts through the northwestern part of the monument and provides access to it. However, the rugged landscape of the monument itself remains remote and undeveloped, with only one paved road across the northern end.
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King's Bowl Lava Field erupted during a single fissure eruption on the southern part of the Great Rift about 2,250 years ago. This eruption probably lasted only a few hours to a few days. The field preserves
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recorded a Shoshone story that speaks of a serpent on a mountain who, angered by lightning, coiled around and squeezed the mountain until liquid rock flowed, fire shot from cracks, and the mountain exploded.
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shelters and windbreaks, while the more delicate furs of smaller mammals were often fashioned into many articles of clothing, used to keep warm; smaller trapped and hunted species included animals such as
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temperatures often exceed 150 °F (66 °C) and plant cover is generally less than 5% on cinder cones and about 15% over the entire park. Adaptation is therefore necessary for survival in this
2846:, pp. 28–29). Both tests were conducted in 1980 by using charred vegetation directly below individual flows (for the radiocarbon test), and from rock core samples (for the paleomagnetic work).
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In spite of their fresh appearance, the oldest flows in the Craters of the Moon Lava Field are 15,000 years old and the youngest erupted about 2,100 years ago, according to Mel Kuntz and other
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in the monument. The National Park Service was concerned that the local herd might grow so large that it would damage its habitat. It was found that this group of mule deer had developed a
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and prevailing southwesterly winds and have a more persistent snow cover (an important water source in early spring). These parts of cinder cones are therefore colonized by plants first.
1595:. Geologist Harold T. Stearns coined the name "Craters of the Moon" in 1923 while trying to convince the National Park Service to recommend protection of the area in a national monument.
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1550:, saying this unnamed lava field is a place "where nothing meets the eye but a desolate and awful waste, where no grass grows nor water runs, and where nothing is to be seen but lava."
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3511:"Craters of the Moon National Historic District Listed on the National Register of Historic Places - Craters Of The Moon National Monument & Preserve (U.S. National Park Service)"
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I had made two trips into the northern end, covering practically the same region as that traversed by a Geological Survey party in 1901. My first was a hiking and camping trip with
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ranged this far south, likely aiding in sustaining the Shoshone. The most recent volcanic eruptions ended about 2,100 years ago and were likely witnessed by the indigenous peoples.
1448: — large game, which no longer inhabit the immediate area; these species are still present outside of the park, and in other, further remote reaches of the state. At one time,
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west of the lava field. Stone circles visible near Indian Tunnel were built by the indigenous people. No evidence exists for permanent habitation by any Native American group. A
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2297:, or mainly active at night. Nocturnal behavior is an adaptation to both predation and hot summer daytime temperatures. Nocturnal animals at Craters of the Moon include
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Geologic Map of the Core Visitation Area of Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve, South-central Idaho, with Descriptions of 38 Points of Geologic Interest
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Years of cataloging by biologists and park rangers have recorded more than 2000 species of insects, 12 reptiles, 203 birds, 59 mammals, and three amphibians. Birds and
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of the park are known for their preservation of winter ice and snow into the hot summer months due to shielding from the sun and the insulating properties of basalt.
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is the Great Rift, and it is from this "Great Rift fissure system" that the Craters of the Moon, King's Bowl, and Wapi lava fields were created. The Great Rift is a
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performed part of their training at Craters of the Moon Lava Field by learning to look for and collect good rock specimens in an unfamiliar and harsh environment.
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1938:-rich. The curtain of lava responds by breaking apart into separate vents. Various types of volcanoes may form at these vents: gas-rich, pulverized lava creates
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Flow trailhead. This strenuous, 1.8 miles (2.9 km) long trail continues into North Crater, around Big Craters, and ends at the Spatter Cones parking lot.
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in the herd. The deer avoid the dry wind by being more active at night when the wind is not blowing. In 1991 there was a three-year average of 420 mule deer.
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have been recorded in Craters of the Moon with as many as five others potentially occurring in the park. Nearly all of these bat species have been documented
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system more than 15 miles (24 km) long. The lava tube is remarkable for its length and for the number of well-preserved lava cave features, such as lava
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in Yellowstone National Park has been implicated. This hotspot was under the Craters of the Moon area some 10 to 11 million years ago but "moved" as the
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to preserve the "weird and scenic landscape" of the area. The Craters Inn and several cabins were built in 1927 for the convenience of visitors. The
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Craters of the Moon management areas. Together, the developed area (black) and NPS Wilderness (blue) made up the 1970 to 2000 extent of the monument.
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3646:"Text – H.R.601 – 107th Congress (2001–2002): To redesignate certain lands within the Craters of the Moon National Monument, and for other purposes"
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Many animals have a specific temperature range where they are active, meaning the times they are active vary with the seasons. Snakes and lizards
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For many years, geologists, biologists and environmentalists have advocated for the expansion of the protected area and its transformation into a
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set aside a large part of the monument—43,243 acres (175 km)—as Craters of the Moon National Wilderness Area, protecting that part under the
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and part of it is in the northern part of the monument. The cutoff was created to reduce the possibility of conflict with the Shoshone along the
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since 2012. While an average of 400 pronghorns make the migration each season, as many as 700 animals have been counted in a single migration.
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cracks in the world, including the deepest known on Earth at 800 feet (240 m). There are excellent examples of almost every variety of
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where he called the area "Craters of the Moon", helping to solidify the use of that name. In the article, he wrote about the beauty of the
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Natural Resource Condition Assessment: Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve, Natural Resource Report NPS/UCBN/NRR—2012/602
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1518:-born trapper and trader named Tim Goodale to lead them through the cutoff. A large wagon train left in July 1862 and met up with more
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cinder cones. Further away are the Pioneer Mountains just north of the highway, and beyond the park are the White Knob Mountains, the
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in the contiguous United States. The Monument and Preserve contain more than 25 volcanic cones, including outstanding examples of
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visited the lava fields and other places in the Western U.S. in the 19th century and wrote about his experiences in his diaries.
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is in the northern part of Craters of the Moon where pronghorns typically follow a single trail for about 8 miles (13 km).
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Drought escape by growing in small crevices or near persistent water supplies, or by staying dormant for about 95% of the year.
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Drought avoidance by having small, hairy, or succulent leaves to minimize moisture loss or otherwise conserve water. Hairs on
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4478:"White-Nose Syndrome and Cave Permitting - Craters Of The Moon National Monument & Preserve (U.S. National Park Service)"
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portions of the expanded Monument were designated as Craters of the Moon National Preserve in August 2002. It spreads across
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In large part due to Limbert's work, Craters of the Moon National Monument was proclaimed on May 2, 1924, by U.S. President
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A wide variety of volcanic formations and features are accessible from the Loop Road, the only developed area of the park.
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in the Craters of the Moon area is between 15–20 inches (380–510 mm) per year. Most of this is lost in cracks in the
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Gaps between lava flows were sometimes cut off from surrounding vegetation. These literal islands of habitat are called
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An Ethnographic Overview and Assessment of the Hagerman Fossil Beds National Monument and Other Areas in Southern Idaho
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Tree mold showing an impression of a tree trunk and bark in the basalt on the Tree Molds Trail at Craters of the Moon.
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3975:"Species Profile - Ursus arctos horribilis, Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve (CRMO) - Not In Park"
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through these formations and trees of the "orchard" is available. Interpretive displays can be read along the trail.
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All organisms that live in and around Craters of the Moon are under great environmental stress due to constant dry
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Beever, E.A. (2002). "Persistence of pikas in two low-elevation national monuments in the western United States".
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Stone rings near Indian Tunnel lava tubes, possibly windbreaks made by Northern Shoshone passing through the area.
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and curbs, the latter marking high stands of the flowing lava frozen on the lava tube walls. The lava tubes and
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The only visitor center in Craters of the Moon, the Robert Limbert Visitor Center, was named after him in 1990.
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Limbert set out on his third and most ambitious foray to the area in May 1920, this time with W.L. Cole and an
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and found that its surface does not closely resemble this part of Idaho. While the Moon's craters are largely
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The Craters of the Moon Lava Field spreads across 618 square miles (1,601 km) and is the largest mostly
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5128:
5113:
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4023:"Species Profile - Ovis canadensis, Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve (CRMO) - Not In Park"
3566:"Volcanoes / Lava Flows - Craters Of The Moon National Monument & Preserve (U.S. National Park Service)"
2053:. When wildflowers are not in bloom, most of the vegetation is found in semi-hidden pockets and consists of
1449:
5968:
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5391:
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2207:
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1794:; the BLM managing the non-lava grasslands. In March 2017, the Idaho Senate voted in favor of petitioning
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visited the area about 12,000 years ago but did not leave much in the way of archaeological evidence. The
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Both the Spatter Cones and Big Craters sit directly along part of one of the fissures of the Great Rift.
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3999:"Species Profile - Bison bison, Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve (CRMO) - Not In Park"
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4610:"Basic Information - Craters Of The Moon National Monument & Preserve (U.S. National Park Service)"
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facilities are basic but do include seasonal water, restrooms, charcoal grills, and trash containers.
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Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve is co-managed by the National Park Service and the
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in 2002 (which allows hunting, not ordinarily permitted in national parks and monuments in the U.S.).
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Animals that are most active at dawn and dusk, when temperatures are cooler than mid-day, are called
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2100:
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17:
4278:"Visitor Center - Craters Of The Moon National Monument & Preserve (U.S. National Park Service)"
2938:"Programs: National Conservation Lands: Idaho: Craters of the Moon | Bureau of Land Management"
2014:
and typically collect in crevices in lava flows. Successively more complex plants then colonize the
372:
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5522:
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4526:"Junior Ranger - Craters Of The Moon National Monument & Preserve (U.S. National Park Service)"
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the lava. Both holes and horizontal molds were left, some still showing shapes indicative of bark.
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LANDSAT satellite photo showing the entire Great Rift volcanic zone and three distinct lava fields.
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created trails through the Craters of the Moon Lava Field, during their summer migrations from the
319:
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1806:
1745:, those seen at Craters of the Moon were instead created by volcanic eruptions. Apollo astronauts
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5552:
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3951:"Wildflowers - Craters Of The Moon National Monument & Preserve (U.S. National Park Service)"
3589:
2839:
2137:
2074:
1558:
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268:
1925:
4071:"Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve Approved MMP Amendment: Record of Decision"
1950:. Solid crust forms over lava streams and lava tubes are created when lava vacates its course.
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1890:
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in the 1850s and 1860s followed an alternative route in the area that used trails left by the
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428:
294:
The Monument was established on May 2, 1924. In November 2000, a presidential proclamation by
256:
252:
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4502:"Camping - Craters Of The Moon National Monument & Preserve (U.S. National Park Service)"
3844:"Animals - Craters Of The Moon National Monument & Preserve (U.S. National Park Service)"
3040:"Climate - Craters Of The Moon National Monument & Preserve (U.S. National Park Service)"
2418:
are found at Craters of the Moon and nowhere else. Lava tube beetles and other cave-dwelling
1849:
and created the many overlapping lava flows that make up the lava beds of Idaho. The largest
4696:
4550:"Safety - Craters Of The Moon National Monument & Preserve (U.S. National Park Service)"
4277:
2649:
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1947:
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and heat-absorbing black lavas that tend to quickly sap water from living things. Summer
4159:
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4125:. Vol. 50. College of Forestry, Wildlife, and Range Sciences, University of Idaho.
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3313:
The Adventures of Captain Bonneville, U. S. A., in the Rocky Mountains and the Far West
2835:
2663:
2487:
2247:
2190:
bloom from early May to late September but most are gone by late August. Moisture from
2164:
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1903:
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migrated northwestward. Pressure from the hotspot heaves the land surface up, creating
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to cross the Snake River made it into a popular alternative route of the Oregon Trail.
1437:
353:
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4739:
4405:
3565:
2069:
Drought tolerance by physiological adaptations such as the ability to survive extreme
491:
Climate data for Craters of the Moon, Idaho, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1958–present
431:
volcanic province. The Great Rift extends across almost the entire Snake River Plain.
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6263:
6223:
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methods, which together give dates that are considered accurate to within 100 years (
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in the area grow near constant water sources such as natural potholes and seeps from
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420:
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are allowed on the Loop Road after it closes to traffic in late November because of
2446:, and the Pioneers Alliance conducted a study of their movements from 2008 to 2010.
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A golden-mantled ground squirrel, one of the most common animals to see in the park.
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2199:
2015:
1943:
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381:
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140:
4875:"Craters of the Moon NM, Idaho (102260): Period of Record Monthly Climate Summary"
4727:
2677:
The final stop on Loop Road which, as the name suggests, features a collection of
1587:
The few European emigrants who visited the area in the 19th century created local
4699:: Office of the President of the United States. Proclamation 7373. Archived from
4046:
2403:, a summer hibernation that allows them to avoid the hottest and driest periods.
322:
counties. The area is managed cooperatively by the National Park Service and the
6746:
6068:
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A herd of pronghorns migrating through the northern part of Craters of the Moon.
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2203:
2195:
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1939:
1754:
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1554:
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1480:
1416:, in addition to numerous bird species. For meat and larger hides, they pursued
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280:
135:
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rangers present evening programs at the campground amphitheater in the summer.
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330:
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3722:"Idaho Senate wants Congress to declare Craters of the Moon a national park"
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The shaded north slopes of cinder cones provide more protection from direct
1999:
1907:
1850:
1758:
1722:, this became one of the first two designations on land administered by the
1628:
1604:
1577:
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which skirted the jagged lava flows. This alternative route was later named
1425:
1421:
458:
435:
357:
340:
334:
288:
4944:
2029:
1842:. After the hotspot passes the pressure is released and the land subsides.
1622:
The black soil on Inferno Cone exhibits the properties Limbert wrote about.
56:
4406:"Backpack the Craters of the Moon Wilderness (U.S. National Park Service)"
2266:
within the park's boundaries, typically making use of the area's numerous
102:
77:
4916:
National Park Service: Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve
3775:. Collaboration of The Geological Society of America, NPS, BLM, and USGS.
2730:
2372:
2353:
2191:
2117:
2065:. Strategies used by plants to cope with the adverse conditions include:
1561:
to explore the lava fields. They were investigating its possible use for
1515:
1389:
412:
4122:
A Review of Scientific Research at Craters of the Moon National Monument
1783:
due to its exceptional preservation of its naturally dark night skies.
1707:
increased the size of the monument by 5,360 acres (22 km) in 1962.
1355:
3486:
2686:
2525:
2298:
2275:
2271:
2058:
2046:
2003:
1819:
1562:
1405:
1393:
454:
3096:"U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Craters of the Moon, ID"
2811:
average only 10–11 inches (250–280 mm) of precipitation annually.
6437:
Baaj Nwaavjo I'tah Kukveni – Ancestral Footprints of the Grand Canyon
6337:
Baaj Nwaavjo I'tah Kukveni – Ancestral Footprints of the Grand Canyon
4915:
2621:
2376:
2337:
2310:
2239:
2227:
2011:
1935:
1898:
1588:
1557:
cattlemen named Arthur Ferris and J.W. Powell became the first known
1441:
1413:
1397:
446:
349:
337:
4719:
2981:(Revised ed.). Craters of the Moon Natural History Association.
4816:. Washington D.C.: National Park Service Division of Publications.
4210:"Pronghorn Antelope | Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife"
2434:
across the northern Snake River Plain has been monitored since the
1818:
is a volcanic province that was created by a series of cataclysmic
5480:
4979:
2702:
2648:
2555:
2533:
2461:
2388:
2380:
2302:
2284:
2163:
2095:
2073:
or the ability to extract water from very dry soil. Sagebrush and
1986:
This scoria field shows typical conditions at Craters of the Moon.
1981:
1968:
1924:
1878:
1805:
1685:
1617:
1565:
and watering cattle but found the area to be unsuitable and left.
1524:
1519:
1464:
1354:
371:
260:
124:
4689:
Boundary Enlargement of the Craters of the Moon National Monument
4195:
North End Wildlife Friendly Fence Project: Final Report 2009-2017
1910:, between the Craters of the Moon and the Wapi lava fields, is a
4921:
Bureau of Land Management: Craters of the Moon National Monument
4854:"America's Volcanic Past: Craters of the Moon National Monument"
2685:
The Lava Flow Campground has 41 first come, first served sites.
2598:
2594:
2384:
2157:
2113:
2109:
2054:
1995:
1991:
1911:
1861:
1734:
1730:
1592:
1507:
449:, only to emerge later in springs and seeps in the walls of the
361:
345:
6693:
5845:
4948:
2010:
Soil particles first develop from direct rock decomposition by
2733:
and other adverse weather conditions may occur in the winter.
2322:
2306:
2259:
2022:
1973:
Landscape, Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve.
1417:
380:
Craters of the Moon is in south-central Idaho, midway between
3137:
3135:
3022:
3020:
1710:
Since then, the park has been expanded. On October 23, 1970,
434:
Elevation at the visitor center is 5,910 feet (1,800 m)
4928:
DarkSky International: Craters of the Moon National Monument
3007:
3005:
3003:
2990:
2988:
2620:(210 m) tall, it is one of the world's largest, purely
2593:
for the purplish-blue tint on its surface. Good examples of
6930:
Religious places of the Indigenous peoples of North America
2544:
Afternoon winds usually die down in the evening, prompting
2049:
of plants known to grow in the park which make up 93 plant
236:
4353:"Devils Orchard Nature Trail (U.S. National Park Service)"
4302:"Hike the North Crater Trail (U.S. National Park Service)"
4047:"Bats at Craters of the Moon (U.S. National Park Service)"
2278:
continues within the grass/shrublands administered by the
2242:
are seen most frequently in the Craters of the Moon area.
4377:"Hike the Tree Molds Trail (U.S. National Park Service)"
3487:"Craters of the Moon Natural History Association | Home"
2194:
along with some rainfall in late spring kick-starts the
1929:
Cinder crags from North Crater on the North Crater Flow.
1472:
was used as a landmark by emigrants on the Oregon Trail.
3384:
Idaho Yesterdays, the Quarterly of the Idaho Historical
2636:
may be seen, about 138 miles (222 km) to the east.
1845:
Leftover heat from this hotspot was later liberated by
287:, at an average elevation of 5,900 feet (1,800 m)
4574:"Visit Craters in Winter (U.S. National Park Service)"
4142:"Capturing Pronghorn Migration at Craters of the Moon"
3627:
3625:
2516:
In May 1980, wildlife researcher Brad Griffith of the
2576:
topics such as history, wildlife, plants, or geology.
2156:
during the brief wet part of the year and survive in
1611:, photographer, filmmaker, and exhibit designer from
298:
greatly expanded the Monument area. The 410,000-acre
4720:"Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve"
4260:
4258:
4233:
4231:
4229:
3421:
3419:
3294:
3292:
3290:
3258:
3256:
3156:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3078:
3076:
3063:
3061:
3059:
2363:, or primarily active during the day. These include
7020:
Units of the National Landscape Conservation System
6580:
6415:
6322:
5879:
5812:
5631:
5488:
5479:
5342:
5254:
5236:
5188:
5165:
5147:
5059:
5036:
5013:
4995:
4986:
4430:"Hike Broken Top Loop (U.S. National Park Service)"
2422:are found only in the lava tubes of eastern Idaho.
2206:remain. Some wildflowers that grow in the area are
2103:
growing from a crack in the North Crater lava flow.
1499:such as the skirmish that occurred near modern-day
232:
218:
210:
192:
184:
147:
131:
119:
39:
4758:. Craters of the Moon Natural History Association.
4119:Blakesley, Jennifer A.; Wright, R. Gerald (1988).
3412:. Craters of the Moon Natural History Association.
2908:
2906:
1798:to designate Craters of the Moon a national park.
245:Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve
237:Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve
40:Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve
6860:National Park Service National Monuments in Idaho
6658:President Lincoln's Cottage at the Soldiers' Home
4856:. United States Geological Survey. Archived from
4814:Craters of the Moon: National Park Handbook (139)
4767:(5th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
3697:"Craters of the Moon | Bureau of Land Management"
3616:Science Training History of the Apollo Astronauts
3098:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
2520:started a three-year study to mark and count the
1514:area of Idaho, a group of emigrants persuaded an
4164:Lava Lake Institute for Science and Conservation
3554:. U.S. Congress. 1970-10-23. pp. 1104–1105.
388:. The lava field reaches southeastward from the
329:The Monument and Preserve encompass three major
3237:. United States Geologic Survey. Archived from
2759:List of National Monuments of the United States
2254:once roamed this area but have long ago become
1673:Robert Limbert, Among the "Craters of the Moon"
1665:
1636:Robert Limbert, Among the "Craters of the Moon"
1625:
5015:National Historic Sites & Historical Parks
3380:"'Two-Gun Limbert' The Man from the Sawtooths"
2977:Owen, Douglass E.; Melander, Sonja M. (2014).
1826:which started about 16 million years ago. The
333:and about 400 square miles (1,000 km) of
7010:Tourist attractions in Minidoka County, Idaho
6705:
5857:
4960:
4454:"Explore a Cave (U.S. National Park Service)"
3439:"Robert Limbert (U.S. National Park Service)"
2764:List of Wilderness Areas in the United States
2172:A plant commonly seen on the cinder flats is
2168:Wildflower bloom on the Devils Orchard trail.
2018:created by the increasingly productive soil.
1546:later used Bonneville's diaries to write the
477:A panoramic image of the Craters of the Moon.
8:
7005:Tourist attractions in Lincoln County, Idaho
6870:Bureau of Land Management National Monuments
4661:. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.
3202:. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.
2450:from the Pioneer Mountains were fitted with
1868:at Craters of the Moon are considered to be
6995:Tourist attractions in Blaine County, Idaho
4785:Craters of the Moon: Administrative history
4763:Kiver, Eugene P.; Harris, David V. (1999).
3785:
3141:
3026:
3011:
2994:
356:(cavities left by lava-incinerated trees),
7015:Tourist attractions in Power County, Idaho
7000:Tourist attractions in Butte County, Idaho
6712:
6698:
6690:
5864:
5850:
5842:
5485:
4992:
4967:
4953:
4945:
4329:"Big Craters (U.S. National Park Service)"
4160:"Lava Lake Institute: Pronghorn Migration"
3906:Erixson, John A.; Corrao, Mark V. (2012).
3118:"NOAA Online Weather Data – NWS Pocatello"
2528:-evasion strategy unique for its species.
2504:difficult for other animals to jump over.
487:
36:
6985:Protected areas of Minidoka County, Idaho
3345:. Images of America. Arcadia Publishing.
1720:Petrified Forest National Wilderness Area
453:. Older lava fields on the plain support
27:National monument in Idaho, United States
6980:Protected areas of Lincoln County, Idaho
6875:Bureau of Land Management areas in Idaho
5830:Idaho Department of Parks and Recreation
4873:Western Regional Climate Center (2007).
4658:Indian Legends from the Northern Rockies
3199:Indian Legends from the Northern Rockies
2700:which enables children to earn a badge.
2632:. On the clearest days, the tops of the
2325:, and most other small, desert rodents.
2226:, scorpionweed, scabland penstemon, and
1775:In 2017, the monument was designated an
6970:Protected areas of Blaine County, Idaho
6865:National preserves of the United States
6721:National Preserves of the United States
5873:National monuments of the United States
5246:Morley Nelson Snake River Birds of Prey
5228:Oxford Slough Waterfowl Production Area
4835:. National Park Service. Archived from
3675:"Craters Of The Moon National Monument"
3631:
2878:for Craters of the Moon NM and Preserve
2858:
2800:
1716:National Wilderness Preservation System
1591:that it looked like the surface of the
1174:Average extreme snow depth inches (cm)
6990:Protected areas of Power County, Idaho
6975:Protected areas of Butte County, Idaho
4400:
4398:
4396:
3618:. NASA SP −2015-626. pp. 235–236.
3401:
3399:
3397:
3336:
3334:
2961:
2769:List of Volcanoes in the United States
1906:in the Wapi field. The Bear Trap Cave
4323:
4321:
4187:
4185:
4183:
4181:
4179:
4136:
4134:
4132:
4114:
4112:
3945:
3943:
3877:
3875:
3838:
3836:
3834:
3832:
3830:
3763:
3761:
3759:
3343:Craters of the Moon National Monument
3171:
3169:
2972:
2970:
2889:"NPS Annual Recreation Visits Report"
2864:
2862:
364:), and many other volcanic features.
18:Craters of the Moon National Monument
7:
6557:Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains
6407:Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains
4756:Craters of the Moon: Around the Loop
4596:
3548:U.S. Public Law 91-504-Oct. 23, 1970
118:
32:Craters of the Moon (disambiguation)
6965:Protected areas established in 1924
6950:Landforms of Minidoka County, Idaho
6925:National Natural Landmarks in Idaho
6628:Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad
4726:. National Park Service. pp. "
4264:
4249:
4237:
3934:
3922:
3866:
3821:
3809:
3797:
3750:
3425:
3365:
3325:
3298:
3262:
3160:
3082:
3067:
2912:
2843:
2822:
1343:Source 2: National Weather Service
6945:Landforms of Lincoln County, Idaho
4643:from websites or documents of the
3644:Simpson, Michael K. (2002-08-21).
2560:Craters of the Moon Loop Road map.
1847:basin and range-associated rifting
25:
6935:Landforms of Blaine County, Idaho
6044:Emmett Till and Mamie Till-Mobley
4877:. Western Regional Climate Center
4852:United States Geological Survey.
3732:from the original on 7 March 2017
3311:Irving, Washington (1837). "17".
2444:Idaho Department of Fish and Game
6955:Landforms of Power County, Idaho
6940:Landforms of Butte County, Idaho
4897:
4833:"Geology of Craters of the Moon"
4639: This article incorporates
4634:
2743:
1645:to accompany him. Starting from
1548:Adventures of Captain Bonneville
466:
376:Craters of the Moon within Idaho
101:
94:
76:
69:
55:
49:V (protected landscape/seascape)
6643:Northeast Canyons and Seamounts
5344:National Wild and Scenic Rivers
5279:Frank Church–River of No Return
4905:Map Highlighting the Boundaries
3656:from the original on 2021-09-27
3533:
2944:from the original on 2020-10-07
2924:
2807:Lower elevation areas near the
2582:An easy, paved trail less than
1788:Bureau of Land Management (BLM)
1582:United States Geological Survey
196:Monument: May 2, 1924
191:
130:
6357:Camp Hale – Continental Divide
5994:Charles Young Buffalo Soldiers
5818:Central Idaho Dark Sky Reserve
5670:Camas Prairie Centennial Marsh
4812:National Park Service (1991).
2979:Geology of Craters of the Moon
2088:, and the small leaves of the
1864:geologists. Nevertheless, the
1663:blue of the Blue Dragon Flow:
368:Geography and geologic setting
279:), between the small towns of
1:
6648:Pacific Remote Islands Marine
6613:Aleutian Islands World War II
5919:Belmont-Paul Women's Equality
3883:"NPSpecies: Full List - CRMO"
3596:. National Park Service. 1999
2869:Record of Decision – FEIS GMP
2440:Wildlife Conservation Society
2270:, making it an important bat
2084:, the succulent parts of the
1538:captain and western explorer
1104:Average snowfall inches (cm)
188:753,000 acres (3,050 km)
110:Show map of the United States
6960:1924 establishments in Idaho
6527:Organ Mountains–Desert Peaks
6169:Medgar and Myrlie Evers Home
6099:George Washington Birthplace
5334:Cecil D. Andrus–White Clouds
4792:, Pacific Northwest Region.
3284:Retrieved September 19, 2013
2610:Devils Orchard Nature Trail:
1942:, and pasty lava blobs form
1682:Protection and later history
6915:Polygenetic volcanic fields
6567:Upper Missouri River Breaks
5618:Trail of the Coeur d'Alenes
5238:National Conservation Areas
3491:www.cratersofthemoonnha.org
3463:"Proclamation, May 2, 1924"
3409:Idaho's Two-Gun Bob Limbert
2834:Eruptions were dated using
2470:The narrowest part of this
1934:lava becomes slightly more
1777:International Dark Sky Park
1531:Exploration and early study
1244:Average precipitation days
820:Mean daily minimum °F (°C)
680:Mean daily maximum °F (°C)
7041:
6638:Military Working Dog Teams
6392:Saint Francis Dam Disaster
6249:Springfield 1908 Race Riot
6164:Little Bighorn Battlefield
4938:, documentary produced by
4684:Clinton, William Jefferson
3120:. National Weather Service
2160:form the rest of the year.
2132:grow in shallow crevices.
1792:Department of the Interior
1598:
1342:
1337:
490:
457:-resistant plants such as
214:250,872 (in 2020)
29:
6727:
6676:
6502:Grand Staircase–Escalante
6294:Virgin Islands Coral Reef
6154:Katahdin Woods and Waters
5824:
5190:National Wildlife Refuges
5167:National Recreation Areas
4765:Geology of U.S. Parklands
3614:Phinney, William (2015).
3536:, "History & Culture"
3378:Casner, Nicholas (1988).
3176:Myers, L. Daniel (1999).
2457:Idaho National Laboratory
2280:Bureau of Land Management
2148:grow in larger crevices.
1953:Geologists feared that a
1855:National Natural Landmark
1576:to study this area while
1501:Massacre Rocks State Park
1290:
1243:
1173:
1103:
1029:
959:
889:
819:
749:
679:
609:
539:
534:
531:
528:
525:
522:
519:
516:
513:
510:
507:
504:
501:
498:
495:
386:Yellowstone National Park
324:Bureau of Land Management
227:Bureau of Land Management
206:Preserve: August 21, 2002
63:
54:
44:
6900:Rock formations of Idaho
6653:Papahānaumokuākea Marine
6284:Tule Springs Fossil Beds
6174:Mill Springs Battlefield
6104:George Washington Carver
5372:Clearwater (Middle Fork)
4754:Henderson, Paul (1986).
4198:. National Park Service.
3912:. National Park Service.
3728:. The Spokesman-Review.
3182:. National Park Service.
2580:North Crater Flow Trail:
2546:behavioral modifications
2408:Great Basin pocket mouse
2359:Some desert animals are
2293:Most desert animals are
6517:Kasha-Katuwe Tent Rocks
6467:Canyons of the Ancients
6452:Berryessa Snow Mountain
6347:Berryessa Snow Mountain
6239:Salinas Pueblo Missions
5924:Birmingham Civil Rights
5899:Alibates Flint Quarries
5568:Land of the Yankee Fork
5269:Bruneau–Jarbidge Rivers
4940:Idaho Public Television
4788:. Seattle, Washington:
4192:Stefanic, Todd (2017).
3786:Kiver & Harris 1999
3142:Kiver & Harris 1999
3027:Kiver & Harris 1999
3012:Kiver & Harris 1999
2995:Kiver & Harris 1999
2891:. National Park Service
2707:Campers in Echo Crater.
2552:Recreational activities
2476:Archaeological evidence
2152:carry out their entire
2126:dwarf mountain fleabane
2092:are all local examples.
1364:Native American history
6633:Marianas Trench Marine
6497:Grand Canyon–Parashant
6119:Grand Canyon–Parashant
6049:Florissant Fossil Beds
5969:Castillo de San Marcos
5299:Jim McClure–Jerry Peak
4782:Louter, David (1992).
4641:public domain material
3467:coolidgefoundation.org
3341:Stout, Ted E. (2022).
2708:
2654:
2561:
2467:
2406:Unique populations of
2290:
2222:, dwarf monkeyflower,
2169:
2104:
1987:
1974:
1930:
1885:
1811:
1691:
1676:
1639:
1623:
1510:was discovered in the
1473:
1460:
1360:
377:
249:U.S. national monument
169:43.46167°N 113.56271°W
6537:Prehistoric Trackways
6397:San Gabriel Mountains
6264:Sunset Crater Volcano
5889:African Burial Ground
5881:National Park Service
5613:Three Island Crossing
5518:Coeur d'Alene Parkway
4790:National Park Service
4645:National Park Service
3683:DarkSky International
3406:Clark, David (2010).
3274:Goodale's Cutoff NPS
2706:
2698:Junior Ranger program
2691:National Park Service
2652:
2559:
2541:herd in the species.
2465:
2288:
2178:Eriogonum ovalifolium
2167:
2099:
1985:
1972:
1928:
1882:
1840:fault-block mountains
1809:
1781:DarkSky International
1724:National Park Service
1689:
1621:
1468:
1358:
890:Mean minimum °F (°C)
610:Mean maximum °F (°C)
375:
300:National Park Service
223:National Park Service
6832:Yukon–Charley Rivers
6542:Río Grande del Norte
6372:Gila Cliff Dwellings
6149:John Day Fossil Beds
6129:Hagerman Fossil Beds
6109:Gila Cliff Dwellings
5929:Booker T. Washington
5447:Salmon (Middle Fork)
5051:Hagerman Fossil Beds
4706:on November 12, 2008
4686:(November 9, 2000).
3590:"Return to the Moon"
2416:yellow-pine chipmunk
2346:mountain cottontails
2208:arrowleaf balsamroot
2075:antelope bitterbrush
1836:North American Plate
1599:Limbert's expedition
540:Record high °F (°C)
174:43.46167; -113.56271
30:For other uses, see
6910:Yellowstone hotspot
6787:Little River Canyon
6762:Gates of the Arctic
6752:Craters of the Moon
6482:Craters of the Moon
6009:Craters of the Moon
5695:Coeur d'Alene River
5422:Owyhee (South Fork)
5417:Owyhee (North Fork)
5367:Bruneau (West Fork)
5274:Craters of the Moon
5149:National Grasslands
5046:Craters of the Moon
4912:Official websites:
4831:Owen, Doug (2004).
4736:History and Culture
2784:Yellowstone Hotspot
2647:short, steep trail.
2518:University of Idaho
2436:Lava Lake Institute
2426:Pronghorn Migration
2150:Dwarf monkeyflowers
2086:prickly pear cactus
2045:There are over 600
1832:Yellowstone Caldera
1729:From 1969 to 1972,
1656:National Geographic
1291:Average snowy days
960:Record low °F (°C)
750:Daily mean °F (°C)
427:in the much larger
219:Governing body
165: /
6905:Volcanoes of Idaho
6880:Volcanism of Idaho
6827:Wrangell–St. Elias
6737:Bering Land Bridge
6680:Full Detailed List
6462:California Coastal
5402:Little Jacks Creek
5304:Little Jacks Creek
5294:Hemingway–Boulders
5038:National Monuments
4934:A Trip to the Moon
3280:2008-07-26 at the
3235:vulcan.wr.usgs.gov
2874:2020-11-11 at the
2712:Backcountry hiking
2709:
2655:
2562:
2480:indigenous peoples
2472:migration corridor
2468:
2291:
2220:turpentine parsley
2170:
2122:Scabland penstemon
2105:
1988:
1975:
1931:
1886:
1812:
1700:Mission 66 program
1692:
1624:
1603:Robert Limbert, a
1568:In 1901 and 1903,
1559:European-Americans
1489:indigenous peoples
1474:
1470:Big Southern Butte
1361:
451:Snake River Canyon
378:
6840:
6839:
6812:Tallgrass Prairie
6687:
6686:
6663:Rose Atoll Marine
6324:US Forest Service
6254:Statue of Liberty
6204:Organ Pipe Cactus
5964:Casa Grande Ruins
5894:Agate Fossil Beds
5839:
5838:
5808:
5807:
5720:Georgetown Summit
5650:Billingsley Creek
5475:
5474:
5387:Dickshooter Creek
5329:Selway–Bitterroot
5309:North Fork Owyhee
4823:978-0-912627-44-1
4774:978-0-471-33218-3
4078:eplanning.blm.gov
3925:, pp. 36–37.
3824:, pp. 13–18.
2825:, pp. 7–12)
2789:Snake River Plain
2774:Dark-sky Preserve
2276:livestock grazing
2224:Indian paintbrush
1866:volcanic fissures
1816:Snake River Plain
1790:, both under the
1770:national preserve
1703:by lava known as
1572:became the first
1544:Washington Irving
1540:B.L.E. Bonneville
1373:Northern Shoshone
1347:
1346:
429:Snake River Plain
390:Pioneer Mountains
352:lava, as well as
296:President Clinton
257:Snake River Plain
253:national preserve
242:
241:
132:Nearest city
85:Show map of Idaho
16:(Redirected from
7032:
6920:Quaternary Idaho
6772:Great Sand Dunes
6714:
6707:
6700:
6691:
6572:Vermilion Cliffs
6547:San Juan Islands
6477:Cascade–Siskiyou
6382:Mount St. Helens
6332:Admiralty Island
6179:Montezuma Castle
6114:Governors Island
5979:Castle Mountains
5954:Cape Krusenstern
5949:Canyon de Chelly
5934:Buck Island Reef
5866:
5859:
5852:
5843:
5608:Thousand Springs
5486:
5467:Wickahoney Creek
5377:Cottonwood Creek
5256:Wilderness Areas
5061:National Forests
4993:
4969:
4962:
4955:
4946:
4901:
4900:
4886:
4884:
4882:
4869:
4867:
4865:
4848:
4846:
4844:
4839:on 21 April 2008
4827:
4808:
4806:
4804:
4778:
4759:
4750:
4748:
4747:
4715:
4713:
4711:
4705:
4697:Washington, D.C.
4694:
4679:
4677:
4675:
4638:
4637:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4620:
4606:
4600:
4594:
4588:
4587:
4585:
4584:
4570:
4564:
4563:
4561:
4560:
4546:
4540:
4539:
4537:
4536:
4522:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4512:
4498:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4488:
4474:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4464:
4450:
4444:
4443:
4441:
4440:
4426:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4416:
4402:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4387:
4373:
4367:
4366:
4364:
4363:
4349:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4339:
4325:
4316:
4315:
4313:
4312:
4298:
4292:
4291:
4289:
4288:
4274:
4268:
4262:
4253:
4247:
4241:
4235:
4224:
4223:
4221:
4220:
4206:
4200:
4199:
4189:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4170:
4156:
4150:
4149:
4138:
4127:
4126:
4116:
4107:
4106:
4094:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4084:
4075:
4067:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4057:
4043:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4033:
4019:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4009:
3995:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3985:
3971:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3961:
3947:
3938:
3932:
3926:
3920:
3914:
3913:
3903:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3893:
3879:
3870:
3864:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3854:
3840:
3825:
3819:
3813:
3807:
3801:
3795:
3789:
3783:
3777:
3776:
3765:
3754:
3748:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3737:
3720:Russell, Betsy.
3717:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3707:
3693:
3687:
3686:
3671:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3661:
3650:www.congress.gov
3641:
3635:
3629:
3620:
3619:
3611:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3601:
3586:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3576:
3562:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3543:
3537:
3531:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3521:
3507:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3497:
3483:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3473:
3459:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3435:
3429:
3423:
3414:
3413:
3403:
3392:
3391:
3375:
3369:
3363:
3357:
3356:
3338:
3329:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3308:
3302:
3296:
3285:
3272:
3266:
3260:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3241:on June 21, 2012
3227:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3216:
3190:
3184:
3183:
3173:
3164:
3158:
3145:
3139:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3114:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3092:
3086:
3080:
3071:
3065:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3036:
3030:
3024:
3015:
3009:
2998:
2992:
2983:
2982:
2974:
2965:
2959:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2949:
2934:
2928:
2922:
2916:
2910:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2885:
2879:
2866:
2847:
2832:
2826:
2818:
2812:
2805:
2753:
2748:
2747:
2746:
2626:Lost River Range
2591:
2590:
2586:
2365:ground squirrels
2258:. 11 species of
2130:gland cinquefoil
1955:large earthquake
1904:shield volcanoes
1674:
1643:Airedale terrier
1637:
1493:Goodale's Cutoff
1461:Goodale's Cutoff
1450:woodland caribou
1294:
1247:
488:
470:
203:
201:
180:
179:
177:
176:
175:
170:
166:
163:
162:
161:
158:
111:
105:
104:
98:
86:
80:
79:
73:
59:
37:
21:
7040:
7039:
7035:
7034:
7033:
7031:
7030:
7029:
6855:IUCN Category V
6845:
6844:
6841:
6836:
6797:New River Gorge
6723:
6718:
6688:
6683:
6672:
6590:
6576:
6507:Ironwood Forest
6442:Basin and Range
6419:Land Management
6418:
6411:
6318:
6269:Timpanogos Cave
6189:Natural Bridges
6014:Devils Postpile
5989:César E. Chávez
5959:Capulin Volcano
5875:
5870:
5840:
5835:
5820:
5804:
5755:Niagara Springs
5685:Cecil D. Andrus
5655:Blackfoot River
5636:
5634:
5627:
5623:Winchester Lake
5471:
5357:Big Jacks Creek
5338:
5264:Big Jacks Creek
5250:
5232:
5184:
5161:
5143:
5134:Wallowa–Whitman
5094:Idaho Panhandle
5079:Caribou-Targhee
5055:
5032:
5009:
4982:
4976:Protected areas
4973:
4909:
4908:
4907:
4902:
4898:
4893:
4880:
4878:
4872:
4863:
4861:
4860:on May 17, 2008
4851:
4842:
4840:
4830:
4824:
4811:
4802:
4800:
4781:
4775:
4762:
4753:
4745:
4743:
4718:
4709:
4707:
4703:
4692:
4682:
4673:
4671:
4669:
4651:
4635:
4632:
4627:
4618:
4616:
4608:
4607:
4603:
4595:
4591:
4582:
4580:
4572:
4571:
4567:
4558:
4556:
4548:
4547:
4543:
4534:
4532:
4524:
4523:
4519:
4510:
4508:
4500:
4499:
4495:
4486:
4484:
4476:
4475:
4471:
4462:
4460:
4452:
4451:
4447:
4438:
4436:
4428:
4427:
4423:
4414:
4412:
4404:
4403:
4394:
4385:
4383:
4375:
4374:
4370:
4361:
4359:
4351:
4350:
4346:
4337:
4335:
4327:
4326:
4319:
4310:
4308:
4300:
4299:
4295:
4286:
4284:
4276:
4275:
4271:
4263:
4256:
4248:
4244:
4236:
4227:
4218:
4216:
4208:
4207:
4203:
4191:
4190:
4177:
4168:
4166:
4158:
4157:
4153:
4140:
4139:
4130:
4118:
4117:
4110:
4096:
4095:
4091:
4082:
4080:
4073:
4069:
4068:
4064:
4055:
4053:
4045:
4044:
4040:
4031:
4029:
4021:
4020:
4016:
4007:
4005:
3997:
3996:
3992:
3983:
3981:
3973:
3972:
3968:
3959:
3957:
3949:
3948:
3941:
3933:
3929:
3921:
3917:
3905:
3904:
3900:
3891:
3889:
3881:
3880:
3873:
3865:
3861:
3852:
3850:
3842:
3841:
3828:
3820:
3816:
3808:
3804:
3796:
3792:
3784:
3780:
3767:
3766:
3757:
3749:
3745:
3735:
3733:
3719:
3718:
3714:
3705:
3703:
3695:
3694:
3690:
3673:
3672:
3668:
3659:
3657:
3643:
3642:
3638:
3630:
3623:
3613:
3612:
3608:
3599:
3597:
3588:
3587:
3583:
3574:
3572:
3564:
3563:
3559:
3551:
3545:
3544:
3540:
3532:
3528:
3519:
3517:
3509:
3508:
3504:
3495:
3493:
3485:
3484:
3480:
3471:
3469:
3461:
3460:
3456:
3447:
3445:
3437:
3436:
3432:
3424:
3417:
3405:
3404:
3395:
3377:
3376:
3372:
3364:
3360:
3353:
3340:
3339:
3332:
3324:
3320:
3310:
3309:
3305:
3297:
3288:
3282:Wayback Machine
3273:
3269:
3261:
3254:
3244:
3242:
3229:
3228:
3224:
3214:
3212:
3210:
3192:
3191:
3187:
3175:
3174:
3167:
3159:
3148:
3140:
3133:
3123:
3121:
3116:
3115:
3111:
3101:
3099:
3094:
3093:
3089:
3081:
3074:
3066:
3057:
3048:
3046:
3038:
3037:
3033:
3025:
3018:
3010:
3001:
2993:
2986:
2976:
2975:
2968:
2960:
2956:
2947:
2945:
2936:
2935:
2931:
2923:
2919:
2911:
2904:
2894:
2892:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2876:Wayback Machine
2867:
2860:
2856:
2851:
2850:
2833:
2829:
2819:
2815:
2806:
2802:
2797:
2749:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2696:The park has a
2588:
2584:
2583:
2573:Visitor Center:
2554:
2514:
2478:suggests local
2455:the Big Desert/
2438:along with the
2428:
2256:locally extinct
2236:
2174:dwarf buckwheat
2138:bush rockspirea
2043:
1980:
1967:
1897:, squeeze-ups,
1804:
1696:Calvin Coolidge
1684:
1675:
1672:
1638:
1635:
1601:
1533:
1463:
1385:hunter-gatherer
1366:
1353:
1348:
1338:Source 1: NOAA
1292:
1245:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
485:
480:
479:
478:
476:
471:
436:above sea level
415:-aged basaltic
370:
289:above sea level
205:
199:
197:
173:
171:
167:
164:
159:
156:
154:
152:
151:
139:
127:, United States
115:
114:
113:
112:
109:
108:
107:
106:
89:
88:
87:
84:
83:
82:
81:
50:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7038:
7036:
7028:
7027:
7022:
7017:
7012:
7007:
7002:
6997:
6992:
6987:
6982:
6977:
6972:
6967:
6962:
6957:
6952:
6947:
6942:
6937:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6902:
6897:
6895:Rift volcanoes
6892:
6887:
6885:Caves of Idaho
6882:
6877:
6872:
6867:
6862:
6857:
6847:
6846:
6838:
6837:
6835:
6834:
6829:
6824:
6822:Valles Caldera
6819:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6794:
6789:
6784:
6779:
6774:
6769:
6764:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6744:
6739:
6734:
6728:
6725:
6724:
6719:
6717:
6716:
6709:
6702:
6694:
6685:
6684:
6677:
6674:
6673:
6671:
6670:
6665:
6660:
6655:
6650:
6645:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6620:
6615:
6609:
6607:
6578:
6577:
6575:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6562:Sonoran Desert
6559:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6532:Pompeys Pillar
6529:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6429:
6423:
6421:
6413:
6412:
6410:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6328:
6326:
6320:
6319:
6317:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6229:Rainbow Bridge
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6094:Freedom Riders
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6054:Fort Frederica
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5974:Castle Clinton
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5885:
5883:
5877:
5876:
5871:
5869:
5868:
5861:
5854:
5846:
5837:
5836:
5834:
5833:
5825:
5822:
5821:
5816:
5814:
5810:
5809:
5806:
5805:
5803:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5700:Craig Mountain
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5680:Cartier Slough
5677:
5672:
5667:
5665:Boundary Creek
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5645:Big Cottonwood
5641:
5639:
5629:
5628:
5626:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5578:Massacre Rocks
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5494:
5492:
5483:
5477:
5476:
5473:
5472:
5470:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5348:
5346:
5340:
5339:
5337:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5260:
5258:
5252:
5251:
5249:
5248:
5242:
5240:
5234:
5233:
5231:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5194:
5192:
5186:
5185:
5183:
5182:
5177:
5171:
5169:
5163:
5162:
5160:
5159:
5153:
5151:
5145:
5144:
5142:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5119:Salmon-Challis
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5065:
5063:
5057:
5056:
5054:
5053:
5048:
5042:
5040:
5034:
5033:
5031:
5030:
5025:
5019:
5017:
5011:
5010:
5008:
5007:
5001:
4999:
4997:National Parks
4990:
4984:
4983:
4974:
4972:
4971:
4964:
4957:
4949:
4943:
4942:
4930:
4925:
4924:
4923:
4918:
4903:
4896:
4895:
4894:
4892:
4891:External links
4889:
4888:
4887:
4870:
4849:
4828:
4822:
4809:
4779:
4773:
4760:
4751:
4716:
4680:
4667:
4653:Clark, Ella E.
4631:
4628:
4626:
4625:
4601:
4589:
4565:
4541:
4517:
4493:
4469:
4445:
4421:
4392:
4368:
4344:
4317:
4293:
4269:
4254:
4242:
4225:
4201:
4175:
4151:
4128:
4108:
4089:
4062:
4038:
4014:
3990:
3966:
3939:
3927:
3915:
3898:
3871:
3859:
3826:
3814:
3802:
3790:
3788:, p. 342.
3778:
3755:
3743:
3712:
3688:
3666:
3636:
3621:
3606:
3581:
3557:
3538:
3526:
3502:
3478:
3454:
3430:
3415:
3393:
3370:
3358:
3351:
3330:
3318:
3303:
3286:
3267:
3252:
3231:"USGS website"
3222:
3208:
3194:Clark, Ella E.
3185:
3165:
3146:
3144:, p. 338.
3131:
3109:
3087:
3072:
3055:
3031:
3029:, p. 339.
3016:
3014:, p. 343.
2999:
2997:, p. 340.
2984:
2966:
2954:
2929:
2927:, "Management"
2917:
2902:
2880:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2827:
2813:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2738:
2735:
2683:
2682:
2672:
2656:
2640:Spatter Cones:
2637:
2614:
2607:
2577:
2553:
2550:
2513:
2510:
2427:
2424:
2315:mountain lions
2274:. Traditional
2235:
2232:
2162:
2161:
2094:
2093:
2078:
2042:
2039:
1979:
1976:
1966:
1963:
1891:explosion pits
1803:
1800:
1751:Edgar Mitchell
1743:impact craters
1739:Apollo program
1683:
1680:
1670:
1633:
1600:
1597:
1570:Israel Russell
1532:
1529:
1462:
1459:
1365:
1362:
1352:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1288:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1241:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
957:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
887:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
817:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
747:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
677:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
607:
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
537:
536:
533:
530:
527:
524:
521:
518:
515:
512:
509:
506:
503:
500:
497:
493:
492:
486:
484:
481:
473:
472:
465:
464:
463:
441:Total average
369:
366:
263:. It is along
240:
239:
234:
230:
229:
220:
216:
215:
212:
208:
207:
194:
190:
189:
186:
182:
181:
149:
145:
144:
133:
129:
128:
123:South Central
121:
117:
116:
100:
99:
93:
92:
91:
90:
75:
74:
68:
67:
66:
65:
64:
61:
60:
52:
51:
45:
42:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7037:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7016:
7013:
7011:
7008:
7006:
7003:
7001:
6998:
6996:
6993:
6991:
6988:
6986:
6983:
6981:
6978:
6976:
6973:
6971:
6968:
6966:
6963:
6961:
6958:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6943:
6941:
6938:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6852:
6850:
6843:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6798:
6795:
6793:
6790:
6788:
6785:
6783:
6780:
6778:
6775:
6773:
6770:
6768:
6765:
6763:
6760:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6743:
6740:
6738:
6735:
6733:
6730:
6729:
6726:
6722:
6715:
6710:
6708:
6703:
6701:
6696:
6695:
6692:
6682:
6681:
6675:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6623:Hanford Reach
6621:
6619:
6618:Castner Range
6616:
6614:
6611:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6601:
6597:
6593:
6588:
6584:
6579:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6545:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6522:Mojave Trails
6520:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6495:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6472:Carrizo Plain
6470:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6457:Browns Canyon
6455:
6453:
6450:
6448:
6445:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6424:
6422:
6420:
6414:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6367:Giant Sequoia
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6352:Browns Canyon
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6329:
6327:
6325:
6321:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6304:Walnut Canyon
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6224:Poverty Point
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6124:Grand Portage
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6059:Fort Matanzas
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6029:Effigy Mounds
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5886:
5884:
5882:
5878:
5874:
5867:
5862:
5860:
5855:
5853:
5848:
5847:
5844:
5832:
5831:
5827:
5826:
5823:
5819:
5815:
5811:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5760:Payette River
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5735:McArthur Lake
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5642:
5640:
5638:
5630:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5513:City of Rocks
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5503:Bruneau Dunes
5501:
5499:
5496:
5495:
5493:
5491:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5478:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5349:
5347:
5345:
5341:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5261:
5259:
5257:
5253:
5247:
5244:
5243:
5241:
5239:
5235:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5195:
5193:
5191:
5187:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5172:
5170:
5168:
5164:
5158:
5155:
5154:
5152:
5150:
5146:
5140:
5139:Wasatch-Cache
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5089:Coeur d'Alene
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5066:
5064:
5062:
5058:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5043:
5041:
5039:
5035:
5029:
5028:Nez Perce NHP
5026:
5024:
5021:
5020:
5018:
5016:
5012:
5006:
5003:
5002:
5000:
4998:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4985:
4981:
4977:
4970:
4965:
4963:
4958:
4956:
4951:
4950:
4947:
4941:
4937:
4935:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4913:
4911:
4910:
4906:
4890:
4881:September 14,
4876:
4871:
4859:
4855:
4850:
4843:September 14,
4838:
4834:
4829:
4825:
4819:
4815:
4810:
4799:
4795:
4791:
4787:
4786:
4780:
4776:
4770:
4766:
4761:
4757:
4752:
4741:
4737:
4733:
4729:
4725:
4721:
4717:
4702:
4698:
4691:
4690:
4685:
4681:
4670:
4668:9780806120874
4664:
4660:
4659:
4654:
4650:
4649:
4648:
4646:
4642:
4629:
4615:
4611:
4605:
4602:
4598:
4593:
4590:
4579:
4575:
4569:
4566:
4555:
4551:
4545:
4542:
4531:
4527:
4521:
4518:
4507:
4503:
4497:
4494:
4483:
4479:
4473:
4470:
4459:
4455:
4449:
4446:
4435:
4431:
4425:
4422:
4411:
4407:
4401:
4399:
4397:
4393:
4382:
4378:
4372:
4369:
4358:
4354:
4348:
4345:
4334:
4330:
4324:
4322:
4318:
4307:
4303:
4297:
4294:
4283:
4279:
4273:
4270:
4267:, p. 19.
4266:
4261:
4259:
4255:
4252:, p. 45.
4251:
4246:
4243:
4240:, p. 18.
4239:
4234:
4232:
4230:
4226:
4215:
4211:
4205:
4202:
4197:
4196:
4188:
4186:
4184:
4182:
4180:
4176:
4165:
4161:
4155:
4152:
4147:
4143:
4137:
4135:
4133:
4129:
4124:
4123:
4115:
4113:
4109:
4104:
4100:
4093:
4090:
4079:
4072:
4066:
4063:
4052:
4048:
4042:
4039:
4028:
4024:
4018:
4015:
4004:
4000:
3994:
3991:
3980:
3976:
3970:
3967:
3956:
3952:
3946:
3944:
3940:
3937:, p. 38.
3936:
3931:
3928:
3924:
3919:
3916:
3911:
3910:
3902:
3899:
3888:
3884:
3878:
3876:
3872:
3869:, p. 41.
3868:
3863:
3860:
3849:
3845:
3839:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3818:
3815:
3812:, p. 12.
3811:
3806:
3803:
3800:, p. 29.
3799:
3794:
3791:
3787:
3782:
3779:
3774:
3773:
3764:
3762:
3760:
3756:
3753:, p. 24.
3752:
3747:
3744:
3731:
3727:
3726:Spokesman.com
3723:
3716:
3713:
3702:
3698:
3692:
3689:
3685:. 2017-08-21.
3684:
3680:
3676:
3670:
3667:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3640:
3637:
3633:
3628:
3626:
3622:
3617:
3610:
3607:
3595:
3591:
3585:
3582:
3571:
3567:
3561:
3558:
3550:
3549:
3542:
3539:
3535:
3530:
3527:
3516:
3512:
3506:
3503:
3492:
3488:
3482:
3479:
3468:
3464:
3458:
3455:
3444:
3440:
3434:
3431:
3428:, p. 51.
3427:
3422:
3420:
3416:
3411:
3410:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3394:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3374:
3371:
3367:
3362:
3359:
3354:
3352:9781467108294
3348:
3344:
3337:
3335:
3331:
3328:, p. 50.
3327:
3322:
3319:
3314:
3307:
3304:
3301:, p. 49.
3300:
3295:
3293:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3276:
3271:
3268:
3265:, p. 48.
3264:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3245:September 16,
3240:
3236:
3232:
3226:
3223:
3211:
3209:9780806120874
3205:
3201:
3200:
3195:
3189:
3186:
3181:
3180:
3172:
3170:
3166:
3163:, p. 47.
3162:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3138:
3136:
3132:
3119:
3113:
3110:
3097:
3091:
3088:
3085:, p. 13.
3084:
3079:
3077:
3073:
3070:, p. 35.
3069:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3045:
3041:
3035:
3032:
3028:
3023:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3008:
3006:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2980:
2973:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2958:
2955:
2943:
2939:
2933:
2930:
2926:
2921:
2918:
2914:
2909:
2907:
2903:
2890:
2884:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2870:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2853:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2836:paleomagnetic
2831:
2828:
2824:
2817:
2814:
2810:
2804:
2801:
2794:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2752:
2741:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2713:
2705:
2701:
2699:
2694:
2692:
2688:
2680:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2657:
2651:
2645:
2644:Spatter cones
2641:
2638:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2618:
2617:Inferno Cone:
2615:
2611:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2581:
2578:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2558:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2542:
2539:
2535:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2511:
2509:
2505:
2502:
2496:
2494:
2493:trail cameras
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2464:
2460:
2458:
2453:
2452:radio collars
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2420:invertebrates
2417:
2413:
2412:American pika
2409:
2404:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2357:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2326:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2287:
2283:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2252:bighorn sheep
2249:
2245:
2244:Grizzly bears
2241:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2200:annual plants
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2166:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2077:are examples.
2076:
2072:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2026:
2024:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1984:
1977:
1971:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1944:spatter cones
1941:
1937:
1927:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1881:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1808:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1784:
1782:
1778:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1766:national park
1762:
1760:
1756:
1755:Eugene Cernan
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1718:. Along with
1717:
1713:
1708:
1706:
1701:
1697:
1688:
1681:
1679:
1669:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1657:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1632:
1630:
1620:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1585:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1553:In 1879, two
1551:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1479:traveling in
1478:
1471:
1467:
1458:
1455:
1454:Ella E. Clark
1451:
1447:
1446:bighorn sheep
1443:
1439:
1435:
1434:grizzly bears
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1382:
1381:camas prairie
1378:
1374:
1370:
1369:Paleo-Indians
1363:
1357:
1350:
1341:
1336:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1289:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1242:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1172:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1102:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1033:
1032:precipitation
1028:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
958:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
888:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
818:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
748:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
678:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
608:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
538:
494:
489:
482:
475:
469:
462:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
443:precipitation
439:
437:
432:
430:
424:
422:
421:spatter cones
418:
414:
409:
406:
402:
398:
395:
391:
387:
383:
374:
367:
365:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
342:
339:
336:
332:
327:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
292:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
238:
235:
231:
228:
224:
221:
217:
213:
209:
195:
187:
183:
178:
150:
146:
142:
137:
134:
126:
122:
97:
72:
62:
58:
53:
48:
47:IUCN category
43:
38:
33:
19:
6842:
6807:Oregon Caves
6751:
6678:
6552:Sand to Snow
6481:
6402:Sand to Snow
6377:Misty Fjords
6362:Chimney Rock
6299:Waco Mammoth
6244:Scotts Bluff
6234:Russell Cave
6199:Oregon Caves
6134:Hohokam Pima
6089:Fossil Butte
6079:Fort Stanwix
6074:Fort Pulaski
6064:Fort McHenry
6019:Devils Tower
6008:
5984:Cedar Breaks
5828:
5765:Pend Oreille
5563:Lake Walcott
5558:Lake Cascade
5528:Eagle Island
5508:Castle Rocks
5392:Duncan Creek
5352:Battle Creek
5314:Owyhee River
5289:Hells Canyon
5273:
5175:Hells Canyon
5045:
5023:Minidoka NHS
4933:
4904:
4879:. Retrieved
4862:. Retrieved
4858:the original
4841:. Retrieved
4837:the original
4813:
4801:. Retrieved
4784:
4764:
4755:
4744:. Retrieved
4723:
4708:. Retrieved
4701:the original
4688:
4674:November 22,
4672:. Retrieved
4657:
4633:
4630:Bibliography
4617:. Retrieved
4613:
4604:
4592:
4581:. Retrieved
4577:
4568:
4557:. Retrieved
4553:
4544:
4533:. Retrieved
4529:
4520:
4509:. Retrieved
4505:
4496:
4485:. Retrieved
4481:
4472:
4461:. Retrieved
4457:
4448:
4437:. Retrieved
4433:
4424:
4413:. Retrieved
4409:
4384:. Retrieved
4380:
4371:
4360:. Retrieved
4356:
4347:
4336:. Retrieved
4332:
4309:. Retrieved
4305:
4296:
4285:. Retrieved
4281:
4272:
4245:
4217:. Retrieved
4213:
4204:
4194:
4167:. Retrieved
4163:
4154:
4145:
4121:
4102:
4099:Park Science
4098:
4092:
4081:. Retrieved
4077:
4065:
4054:. Retrieved
4050:
4041:
4030:. Retrieved
4027:irma.nps.gov
4026:
4017:
4006:. Retrieved
4003:irma.nps.gov
4002:
3993:
3982:. Retrieved
3979:irma.nps.gov
3978:
3969:
3958:. Retrieved
3954:
3930:
3918:
3908:
3901:
3890:. Retrieved
3887:irma.nps.gov
3886:
3862:
3851:. Retrieved
3847:
3817:
3805:
3793:
3781:
3771:
3746:
3734:. Retrieved
3725:
3715:
3704:. Retrieved
3700:
3691:
3678:
3669:
3658:. Retrieved
3649:
3639:
3632:Clinton 2000
3615:
3609:
3598:. Retrieved
3593:
3584:
3573:. Retrieved
3569:
3560:
3547:
3541:
3529:
3518:. Retrieved
3514:
3505:
3494:. Retrieved
3490:
3481:
3470:. Retrieved
3466:
3457:
3446:. Retrieved
3442:
3433:
3408:
3387:
3383:
3373:
3368:, p. 8.
3361:
3342:
3321:
3312:
3306:
3270:
3243:. Retrieved
3239:the original
3234:
3225:
3215:November 22,
3213:. Retrieved
3198:
3188:
3178:
3122:. Retrieved
3112:
3100:. Retrieved
3090:
3047:. Retrieved
3043:
3034:
2978:
2957:
2946:. Retrieved
2932:
2920:
2915:, p. 7.
2893:. Retrieved
2883:
2830:
2816:
2803:
2779:Fissure Vent
2751:Idaho portal
2717:
2710:
2695:
2684:
2674:
2658:
2639:
2616:
2609:
2579:
2572:
2563:
2543:
2530:
2515:
2506:
2497:
2482:such as the
2469:
2429:
2405:
2393:
2358:
2327:
2292:
2237:
2186:
2181:
2177:
2171:
2146:limber pines
2082:scorpionweed
2044:
2027:
2020:
2016:microhabitat
2008:
1989:
1952:
1940:cinder cones
1932:
1887:
1859:
1844:
1813:
1785:
1774:
1763:
1747:Alan Shepard
1737:through the
1733:visited the
1728:
1709:
1705:Carey Kipuka
1693:
1677:
1666:
1654:
1651:
1640:
1626:
1602:
1586:
1567:
1552:
1547:
1534:
1512:Salmon River
1505:
1485:Oregon Trail
1481:wagon trains
1475:
1367:
1034:inches (mm)
440:
433:
425:
410:
394:U.S. Highway
379:
328:
293:
244:
243:
7025:Lava fields
6767:Glacier Bay
6747:Big Thicket
6742:Big Cypress
6432:Avi Kwa Ame
6314:Yucca House
6214:Pipe Spring
6069:Fort Monroe
5944:Camp Nelson
5909:Aztec Ruins
5730:Market Lake
5690:C.J. Strike
5660:Boise River
5598:Priest Lake
5588:Old Mission
5548:Henrys Lake
5490:State Parks
5457:Sheep Creek
5284:Gospel Hump
5005:Yellowstone
4724:www.nps.gov
4614:www.nps.gov
4578:www.nps.gov
4554:www.nps.gov
4530:www.nps.gov
4506:www.nps.gov
4482:www.nps.gov
4458:www.nps.gov
4434:www.nps.gov
4410:www.nps.gov
4381:www.nps.gov
4357:www.nps.gov
4333:www.nps.gov
4306:www.nps.gov
4282:www.nps.gov
4214:wdfw.wa.gov
4146:www.nps.gov
4105:(2): 23–29.
4051:www.nps.gov
3955:www.nps.gov
3848:www.nps.gov
3701:www.blm.gov
3679:darksky.org
3594:www.nps.gov
3570:www.nps.gov
3534:NPS website
3515:www.nps.gov
3443:www.nps.gov
3044:www.nps.gov
2962:Louter 1992
2925:NPS website
2840:radiocarbon
2809:Snake River
2727:snow drifts
2723:snowshoeing
2675:Caves Area:
2659:Tree Molds:
2630:Lemhi Range
2601:, and some
2566:Wildflowers
2538:Douglas fir
2352:, and many
2350:jackrabbits
2330:crepuscular
2264:hibernating
2216:blazingstar
2204:rabbitbrush
2196:germination
2188:Wildflowers
2144:, and even
2090:wirelettuce
2071:dehydration
2051:communities
1957:that shook
1920:pit craters
1916:stalactites
1605:taxidermist
1580:it for the
1497:Snake River
1430:black bears
1410:pine marten
1402:river otter
1377:Snake River
1246:(≥ 0.01 in)
392:. Combined
360:(a type of
331:lava fields
259:in central
200:1924-May-02
193:Established
172: /
160:113°33′46″W
148:Coordinates
6890:Lava tubes
6849:Categories
6782:Lake Clark
6492:Gold Butte
6447:Bears Ears
6342:Bears Ears
6209:Petroglyph
6184:Muir Woods
6144:Jewel Cave
6084:Fort Union
6034:El Malpais
5999:Chiricahua
5785:Sand Creek
5780:St. Maries
5745:Montpelier
5715:Fort Boise
5705:Deer Parks
5675:Carey Lake
5635:Management
5603:Round Lake
5573:Lucky Peak
5543:Hells Gate
5432:Red Canyon
5382:Deep Creek
5319:Pole Creek
5213:Grays Lake
5084:Clearwater
5069:Bitterroot
4864:August 10,
4803:August 24,
4746:2024-03-31
4740:Management
4732:Campground
4710:January 9,
4619:2024-03-30
4583:2024-03-22
4559:2024-03-30
4535:2024-03-21
4511:2024-03-21
4487:2024-03-22
4463:2024-03-22
4439:2024-03-22
4415:2024-03-22
4386:2024-04-12
4362:2024-03-30
4338:2024-03-22
4311:2024-03-22
4287:2024-03-22
4219:2024-03-31
4169:2024-03-31
4083:2024-03-22
4056:2024-03-30
4032:2024-03-21
4008:2024-03-22
3984:2024-03-21
3960:2024-03-30
3892:2024-03-21
3853:2024-03-31
3706:2024-04-06
3660:2021-09-27
3600:2024-04-06
3575:2024-04-06
3520:2024-04-07
3496:2024-04-06
3472:2024-04-07
3448:2024-04-07
3049:2024-04-07
2948:2020-07-13
2854:References
2679:lava tubes
2664:Tree molds
2628:, and the
2603:block lava
2448:Pronghorns
2430:Pronghorn
2401:estivation
2342:porcupines
2319:nighthawks
2268:lava tubes
2228:wild onion
2212:bitterroot
2154:life cycle
2055:pine trees
1978:Conditions
1959:Borah Peak
1895:lava lakes
1830:under the
1668:silence...
1426:pronghorns
1293:(≥ 0.1 in)
417:lava field
358:lava tubes
354:tree molds
341:grasslands
269:concurrent
157:43°27′42″N
6732:Aniakchak
6668:Tule Lake
6427:Agua Fria
6417:Bureau of
6279:Tule Lake
6259:Stonewall
6219:Pipestone
6159:Lava Beds
6139:Hovenweep
5914:Bandelier
5904:Aniakchak
5800:Tex Creek
5790:Snow Peak
5775:Red River
5593:Ponderosa
5583:McCroskey
5498:Bear Lake
5437:Saint Joe
5208:Deer Flat
5198:Bear Lake
5109:Nez Perce
4597:WRCC 2007
2731:Blizzards
2669:lava lake
2522:mule deer
2512:Mule Deer
2432:migration
2373:chipmunks
2354:songbirds
2334:mule deer
2295:nocturnal
2182:depressum
2118:ice caves
2063:sagebrush
2000:semi-arid
1908:lava tube
1851:rift zone
1824:eruptions
1822:-forming
1759:Joe Engle
1629:Ad Santel
1578:surveying
1574:geologist
1536:U.S. Army
1477:Emigrants
1422:mule deer
459:sagebrush
335:sagebrush
6817:Timucuan
6512:Jurassic
6487:Fort Ord
6387:Newberry
6289:Tuzigoot
6039:El Morro
6024:Dinosaur
6004:Colorado
5939:Cabrillo
5795:Sterling
5770:Portneuf
5750:Mud Lake
5725:Hagerman
5710:Farragut
5633:Wildlife
5538:Harriman
5533:Farragut
5523:Dworshak
5397:Jarbidge
5324:Sawtooth
5223:Minidoka
5218:Kootenai
5180:Sawtooth
5124:Sawtooth
5104:Kootenai
4798:54665106
4655:(1966).
4265:NPS 1991
4250:NPS 1991
4238:NPS 1991
3935:NPS 1991
3923:NPS 1991
3867:NPS 1991
3822:NPS 1991
3810:NPS 1991
3798:NPS 1991
3751:NPS 1991
3730:Archived
3654:Archived
3426:NPS 1991
3366:NPS 1991
3326:NPS 1991
3299:NPS 1991
3278:Archived
3263:NPS 1991
3196:(1966).
3161:NPS 1991
3124:June 16,
3102:June 16,
3083:NPS 1991
3068:NPS 1991
2942:Archived
2913:NPS 1991
2872:Archived
2844:NPS 1991
2823:NPS 1991
2737:See also
2622:basaltic
2595:pahoehoe
2484:Shoshone
2317:, bats,
2299:woodrats
2192:snowmelt
2142:fernbush
2059:junipers
2034:Hawaiian
2023:sunlight
1796:Congress
1712:Congress
1671:—
1647:Minidoka
1634:—
1516:Illinois
1390:squirrel
1169:(205.1)
1030:Average
955:(−23.4)
950:(−20.6)
945:(−15.3)
905:(−13.5)
900:(−18.8)
895:(−20.7)
880:(−13.4)
830:(−12.3)
825:(−13.8)
413:Holocene
350:basaltic
316:Minidoka
211:Visitors
120:Location
6581:Other (
6309:Wupatki
5740:Montour
5553:Heyburn
5362:Bruneau
5129:St. Joe
5114:Payette
5099:Kaniksu
4988:Federal
4148:. 2022.
3736:7 March
2895:May 13,
2687:Camping
2587:⁄
2526:drought
2488:Bannock
2459:range.
2396:brumate
2377:lizards
2369:marmots
2361:diurnal
2338:coyotes
2311:bobcats
2272:habitat
2240:rodents
2234:Animals
2134:Syringa
2101:Syringa
2047:species
2030:kīpukas
2012:lichens
2004:climate
1965:Biology
1874:extinct
1870:dormant
1828:hotspot
1820:caldera
1802:Geology
1589:legends
1563:grazing
1483:on the
1442:cougars
1406:raccoon
1394:red fox
1379:to the
1351:History
1199:(0.51)
1149:(0.25)
1134:(0.25)
940:(−8.8)
935:(−1.2)
920:(−0.2)
915:(−3.9)
910:(−8.1)
885:(−3.0)
875:(−9.0)
870:(−2.7)
840:(−3.6)
835:(−7.6)
810:(−8.9)
805:(−3.3)
795:(12.2)
790:(17.4)
785:(18.6)
780:(13.1)
765:(−1.9)
760:(−6.9)
755:(−8.9)
745:(10.9)
740:(−4.4)
730:(12.0)
725:(20.7)
720:(26.6)
715:(27.5)
710:(21.5)
705:(15.9)
700:(10.1)
690:(−1.6)
685:(−4.0)
675:(35.5)
665:(13.9)
660:(23.3)
655:(30.6)
650:(34.2)
645:(35.1)
640:(31.4)
635:(26.8)
630:(21.4)
625:(13.9)
483:Climate
455:drought
326:(BLM).
312:Lincoln
255:in the
233:Website
198: (
138:(east)
6802:Noatak
6792:Mojave
6777:Katmai
6757:Denali
6194:Navajo
5452:Selway
5442:Salmon
5412:Owyhee
5407:Lochsa
5157:Curlew
4936:(2011)
4820:
4796:
4771:
4728:Nature
4665:
3349:
3206:
2719:Skiing
2634:Tetons
2414:, and
2389:eagles
2387:, and
2381:snakes
2303:skunks
2250:, and
2128:, and
2110:Mosses
2061:, and
2041:Plants
2002:harsh
1948:cinder
1936:silica
1899:basalt
1872:, not
1757:, and
1661:cobalt
1609:tanner
1520:wagons
1506:After
1444:, and
1414:rabbit
1412:, and
1398:coyote
1224:(2.8)
1219:(0.0)
1214:(0.0)
1209:(0.0)
1204:(0.0)
1154:(5.1)
1144:(0.0)
1139:(0.0)
1129:(1.5)
1099:(383)
1025:(−38)
1020:(−38)
1015:(−25)
1010:(−19)
980:(−14)
975:(−22)
970:(−28)
965:(−31)
930:(4.4)
925:(5.7)
865:(3.6)
860:(8.3)
855:(9.6)
850:(4.8)
845:(0.6)
815:(4.0)
800:(4.6)
775:(8.2)
770:(3.2)
735:(2.3)
695:(3.9)
670:(5.8)
620:(7.2)
615:(4.7)
496:Month
447:basalt
338:steppe
318:, and
304:Blaine
143:(west)
6274:Tonto
5813:Other
5637:Areas
5481:State
5462:Snake
5427:Rapid
5203:Camas
5074:Boise
4980:Idaho
4704:(PDF)
4693:(PDF)
4074:(PDF)
3552:(PDF)
2795:Notes
2534:aspen
2501:fence
2385:hawks
2307:foxes
2248:bison
2180:var.
2114:ferns
1992:winds
1613:Boise
1525:ferry
1438:bison
1333:34.7
1286:84.4
1283:10.1
1239:(75)
1234:(39)
1229:(14)
1194:(15)
1189:(56)
1184:(67)
1179:(61)
1164:(58)
1159:(22)
1124:(12)
1119:(14)
1114:(39)
1109:(53)
1097:15.01
1094:(56)
1089:(28)
1084:(33)
1079:(21)
1074:(17)
1069:(11)
1064:(31)
1059:(41)
1054:(29)
1049:(29)
1044:(37)
1039:(50)
1005:(−9)
1000:(−1)
995:(−1)
990:(−4)
985:(−9)
953:−10.1
605:(38)
600:(11)
595:(19)
590:(30)
585:(36)
580:(38)
575:(38)
570:(38)
565:(32)
560:(28)
555:(20)
550:(16)
545:(11)
535:Year
382:Boise
320:Power
308:Butte
285:Carey
277:US 26
273:US 93
271:with
265:US 20
261:Idaho
247:is a
141:Carey
125:Idaho
6604:Army
6600:USAF
6596:NOAA
6592:AFRH
4883:2008
4866:2008
4845:2008
4818:ISBN
4805:2008
4794:OCLC
4769:ISBN
4738:", "
4734:", "
4730:", "
4712:2005
4676:2022
4663:ISBN
3738:2017
3390:(1).
3347:ISBN
3247:2012
3217:2022
3204:ISBN
3126:2023
3104:2023
2897:2012
2838:and
2721:and
2536:and
2486:and
2323:owls
2260:bats
2158:seed
2112:and
2032:, a
1996:soil
1912:cave
1884:ago.
1862:USGS
1814:The
1735:Moon
1731:NASA
1593:Moon
1555:Arco
1508:gold
1330:8.8
1327:4.4
1324:0.9
1321:0.1
1318:0.0
1315:0.0
1312:0.1
1309:0.6
1306:1.8
1303:3.5
1300:6.6
1297:7.9
1280:7.3
1277:6.4
1274:4.7
1271:4.5
1268:3.6
1265:7.2
1262:9.2
1259:7.9
1256:7.0
1253:7.4
1250:9.1
1237:29.4
1232:15.5
1187:22.1
1182:26.5
1177:23.9
1167:80.3
1162:22.9
1112:15.3
1107:20.8
1092:2.19
1087:1.12
1082:1.29
1077:0.83
1072:0.65
1067:0.43
1062:1.21
1057:1.62
1052:1.13
1047:1.13
1042:1.45
1037:1.96
948:−5.1
938:16.1
933:29.8
928:40.0
923:42.2
918:31.7
913:25.0
908:17.4
898:−1.9
893:−5.3
883:26.7
873:15.8
868:27.1
863:38.4
858:47.0
853:49.3
848:40.6
843:33.0
838:25.5
833:18.3
813:39.1
808:16.0
803:26.0
798:40.3
793:53.9
788:63.4
783:65.4
778:55.6
773:46.8
768:37.8
763:28.6
758:19.5
753:16.0
743:51.6
738:24.1
733:36.2
728:53.6
723:69.3
718:79.8
713:81.5
708:70.7
703:60.7
698:50.2
693:39.0
688:29.1
683:24.8
673:95.9
668:42.4
663:57.1
658:74.0
653:87.0
648:93.5
643:95.2
638:88.6
633:80.3
628:70.6
623:57.1
618:45.0
613:40.4
532:Dec
529:Nov
526:Oct
523:Sep
520:Aug
517:Jul
514:Jun
511:May
508:Apr
505:Mar
502:Feb
499:Jan
384:and
362:cave
346:rift
283:and
281:Arco
275:and
251:and
225:and
185:Area
136:Arco
6587:DOE
6583:FWS
4978:of
2599:a'a
2198:of
1779:by
1418:elk
1227:5.5
1222:1.1
1217:0.0
1212:0.0
1207:0.0
1202:0.0
1197:0.2
1192:5.8
1157:8.5
1152:2.0
1147:0.1
1142:0.0
1137:0.0
1132:0.1
1127:0.6
1122:4.6
1117:5.4
1023:−37
1018:−37
1013:−13
968:−19
963:−24
943:4.5
903:7.7
878:7.8
828:9.9
823:7.1
603:101
578:100
573:101
568:100
6851::
6602:,
6598:,
6594:,
6585:,
4722:.
4695:.
4647:.
4612:.
4576:.
4552:.
4528:.
4504:.
4480:.
4456:.
4432:.
4408:.
4395:^
4379:.
4355:.
4331:.
4320:^
4304:.
4280:.
4257:^
4228:^
4212:.
4178:^
4162:.
4144:.
4131:^
4111:^
4103:21
4101:.
4076:.
4049:.
4025:.
4001:.
3977:.
3953:.
3942:^
3885:.
3874:^
3846:.
3829:^
3758:^
3724:.
3699:.
3681:.
3677:.
3652:.
3648:.
3624:^
3592:.
3568:.
3513:.
3489:.
3465:.
3441:.
3418:^
3396:^
3388:32
3386:.
3382:.
3333:^
3289:^
3255:^
3233:.
3168:^
3149:^
3134:^
3075:^
3058:^
3042:.
3019:^
3002:^
2987:^
2969:^
2940:.
2905:^
2861:^
2597:,
2442:,
2410:,
2391:.
2383:,
2379:,
2375:,
2371:,
2367:,
2356:.
2348:,
2344:,
2340:,
2336:,
2321:,
2313:,
2309:,
2305:,
2301:,
2282:.
2246:,
2230:.
2218:,
2214:,
2210:,
2140:,
2136:,
2124:,
2120:.
2057:,
2006:.
1893:,
1857:.
1753:,
1749:,
1726:.
1607:,
1503:.
1440:,
1436:,
1432:,
1428:,
1424:,
1420:,
1408:,
1404:,
1400:,
1396:,
1392:,
1008:−3
1003:16
998:30
993:30
988:24
983:15
973:−8
598:52
593:67
588:86
583:96
563:90
558:83
553:68
548:60
543:51
438:.
405:93
401:26
397:20
314:,
310:,
306:,
291:.
6713:e
6706:t
6699:v
6606:)
6589:,
5865:e
5858:t
5851:v
4968:e
4961:t
4954:v
4885:.
4868:.
4847:.
4826:.
4807:.
4777:.
4749:.
4742:"
4714:.
4678:.
4622:.
4599:.
4586:.
4562:.
4538:.
4514:.
4490:.
4466:.
4442:.
4418:.
4389:.
4365:.
4341:.
4314:.
4290:.
4222:.
4172:.
4086:.
4059:.
4035:.
4011:.
3987:.
3963:.
3895:.
3856:.
3740:.
3709:.
3663:.
3634:.
3603:.
3578:.
3523:.
3499:.
3475:.
3451:.
3355:.
3315:.
3249:.
3219:.
3128:.
3106:.
3052:.
2964:.
2951:.
2899:.
2821:(
2671:.
2589:4
2585:1
2176:(
978:6
403:–
399:–
267:(
204:,
202:)
34:.
20:)
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