Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve

2704: 1970: 2463: 2286: 1880: 2650: 468: 1466: 2681:. Formed from one of the most recent lava flows, the caves are a 0.8 miles (1.3 km) walk from the parking lot and include Dewdrop Cave and Indian Tunnel. The caves are open to visitors in the summer, but a free permit is required to enter. Flashlights are needed in Dewdrop Cave and strongly recommended for Indian Tunnel. None of the caves are developed beyond the entrances and require climbing or scrambling over loose rocks. Lava tubes are created when the sides and surface of a lava flow hardens. If the fluid interior flows away, a cave is left behind. 71: 1983: 96: 2097: 1619: 2667:

miles (2.9 km) Broken Top Loop trail is the third trail that begins at this area and encircles the youngest cinder cone in the park and can be done separately or as part of a longer trek on the Wilderness Trail. This trail features some of the greatest geological and ecological diversity of any trail in the park. A pull-off on the spur road leading to the Tree Molds area showcases the Lava Cascades, a lava river created from the Blue Dragon Flow that temporarily pooled in Big Sink, a former

4899: 1687: 373: 1807: 1926: 461:, while younger fields, such as Craters of the Moon, only have a seasonal and very sparse cover of vegetation. When viewed from a distance, this cover disappears almost entirely, giving an impression of utter black desolation. Repeated lava flows over the last 15,000 years have raised the land surface enough to expose it to the prevailing southwesterly winds, which help to keep the area dry. Together these conditions make life on the lava field difficult. 1649:, Idaho, they explored what is now the park from south to north, passing Two Point Butte, Echo Crater, Big Craters, North Crater Flow, and out of the lava field through the Yellowstone Park and Lincoln Highway (now known as the Old Arco-Carey Road). Taking the dog along was a mistake, Limbert wrote, "for after three days' travel his feet were worn and bleeding." Many of the names Limbert gave to formations and places during his travels are still in use. 2165: 103: 78: 2715:

series of seldom-visited volcanic features. All overnight backcountry hikes require registration at the visitor center. No water is available in the backcountry and the dry climate combined with the high elevation quickly dehydrates hikers. Avoiding summer heat and winter cold are therefore recommended by rangers. Pets, campfires, and all mechanized vehicles, including bicycles, are not allowed in the Wilderness area.

2557: 1768:. Part of that goal was reached in 2000 when the monument was expanded 13-fold, from 53,545 acres (217 km) to its current size, to encompass the entire Great Rift zone and its three lava fields. Opposition by cattle interests and hunters to a simple expansion plan led to a compromise of having the National Park Service portion of the addition, which comprises the lava flows, become a 2745: 1876:, and are expected to erupt again in less than 1,000 years. There are eight major eruptive periods recognized in the Craters of the Moon Lava Field. Each period lasted about 1000 years or less and were separated by relatively quiet periods that lasted between 500 and 3,000 years. Individual lava flows traveled up to 30 miles (50 km) with the Blue Dragon Flow being the longest. 57: 1356: 4636: 1946:. Later stages of an eruption push lava streams out through the side or base of cinder cones, which usually ends the life of the cinder cone (North Crater, Watchman, and the Sheep Trail Buttes are notable exceptions). This will sometimes breach part of the cone and carry it away as large and craggy blocks of 2184:), a flowering plant 4 inches (10 cm) tall with a root system 3 feet (0.91 m) wide. The root system monopolizes soil moisture in its immediate area, resulting in individual plants that are evenly spaced. Consequently, many visitors ask park rangers if the buckwheat were systematically planted. 1631:(the wrestler), Dr. Dresser, and Albert Jones; the second was with Wes Watson and Era Martin (ranchers living about four miles from the northern edge). The peculiar features seen on those trips led me to take a third across the region in the hope that even more interesting phenomena might be encountered. 2592:

mile (400 m) long crosses the lava flow for which this trail is named. This lava flow erupted from neighboring North Crater cinder cone and is one of the youngest lava flows of the Craters of the Moon lava field. This is one of the places visitors can view the Blue Dragon Flow, a lava flow named

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initiated construction of today's road system, visitor center, bookstore, campground, and comfort station in 1956, and in 1959 the Craters of the Moon Natural History Association was formed to assist the monument in educational activities. The addition of an island of vegetation completely surrounded

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was originally erected to prevent neighboring livestock from entering the park, the survey found that the types of fencing used made it extremely difficult for animals to slip under it. When confronted with a fence, pronghorns typically crawl under it rather than try to jump over. The fence was also

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This lava field is the largest of several large beds of lava that erupted from the 53-mile (85 km) south-east to north-west trending Great Rift volcanic zone, a line of weakness in the Earth's crust. Together with fields from other fissures they make up the Lava Beds of Idaho, which in turn are

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The Tree Molds Trail is an area where lava flows overran part of a forest. The trees were incinerated but as some of them burned they released enough water to cool the lava to form an impression. Some of these casts survived the eruption and mark the exact location and shape of the burning trees in

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to track their movements throughout the year. These studies showed that in the spring and fall, the animals travel about 100 miles (160 km) one-way along the southern edges of the mountains to reach their summer and winter ranges. In the winter, they join the largest wintering herd in Idaho on

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A typical eruption along the Great Rift and similar basaltic rift systems starts with a curtain of very fluid lava shooting up to 1,000 feet (300 m) high along a segment of the rift up to 1 mile (1.6 km) long. As the eruption continues, pressure and heat decrease, and the chemistry of the

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are created by accumulations of pasty, gas-poor lava as they erupt from a vent. Two of the Spatter Cones in this area can be accessed by short trails where visitors can look inside the cones. Big Craters is a cinder cone complex visitors can hike along the rim of about 100 feet (30 m) above a

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Devils Orchard is a group of lava-transported cinder cone fragments (or rafted blocks) that stand in cinders. Like the Monoliths at North Crater Flow, they were once part of the North Crater cinder cone but broke off during an eruption. A paved, accessible, 0.5 miles (0.80 km) long loop trail

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are readily visible along with large, rafted crater wall fragments called the Monoliths. The Monoliths were once part of a cinder cone which was ripped apart when the volcano's lava-filled crater was breached. North Crater Trail, a separate trail, begins 100 yards (91 m) past the North Crater

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The Robert Limbert Visitor Center is located at the entrance to the scenic Loop Road. Various displays and publications are available along with a short film about the geology and history of the area help to orient visitors. Ranger-led walks and other programs are available in the summer and cover

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groves. Rain in late September prompts the herd to return to the monument to feed on bitterbrush until snow in November triggers them to migrate back to their winter range. This herd, therefore, has a dual summer range. It is also very productive with one of the highest fawn survival rates of any

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The deer arrive in the southern part of the pre-2000 extent of the monument mid-April each year once winter snows have melted away enough to allow for foraging. Griffith found that by late summer plants in the area have already matured and dried to the point that they can no longer provide enough

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Water is usually only found deep inside holes at the bottom of blow-out craters. Animals therefore get most or all of the moisture they need directly from their food. The black soil on and around cinder cones does not hold moisture for long, making it difficult for plants to establish themselves.

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is available in the Craters of the Moon National Wilderness Area and the much larger backcountry area beyond. Only two trails enter the Wilderness area, the Wilderness Trail and Tree Molds Trail, and even those stop after a few miles. From there, most hikers follow the Great Rift and explore its

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are visible at the end of the Tree Molds Trail, 1 mile (1.6 km) from the parking area. The Wilderness Trail also leaves from this parking lot and extends nearly 4 miles (6.4 km) into the Craters of the Moon Wilderness before gradually disappearing near The Sentinel cinder cone. The 1.8

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This stop hosts a short, steep trail up to the top of the cinder cone which provides an overlook of the entire monument. From there, the Spatter Cones can be seen just to the southwest along with the line of cinder cones along the Great Rift. In the distance is Big Cinder Butte. At over 700 feet

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culture, the Northern Shoshone subsisted off of the land's bounty; in addition to gathering edible plants, nuts, roots, and berries, numerous game animals were hunted and trapped, both for meat and supplies, as well as for insulating skins and furs. Larger game hides were used in construction of

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From 2009 to 2017, the park service worked with the Utah Conservation Corps to reconstruct the boundary fence in this area as well as another area several miles northeast to be wildlife friendly. This included removing some fence segments and implementing gates and drop panels where possible.

1961:, Idaho's tallest mountain, in 1983 would restart volcanic activity at Craters of the Moon, though this proved not to be the case. Geologists predict that the area will experience its next eruption sometime in the next 900 years, with activity most likely to occur within the next 100 years. 2532:

moisture to sustain the deer. In late July after about 12 days above 80 °F (27 °C) and warm nights above 50 °F (10 °C) the herd migrates 5 to 10 miles (8.0 to 16.1 km) north to the Pioneer Mountains to obtain water from free-flowing streams and shade themselves in

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Niles, John H.; et al. (Owen, D.E., Kuntz M.A., Lefebre, R.H., Champion, D.E., Barnes, A.C., Brossy, C., Brulet, B.R., Chemtob, S.M., Clennon, R.P., Hansen, N., Keane, S.M., Kohler, R.M., Mocsny, B.L., Rivera, T.A., Shirley, E.K., Truitt, K.E., Tveter, A.J., Wetherell, K.A.) (2011).

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It is the play of light at sunset across this lava that charms the spectator. It becomes a twisted, wavy sea. In the moonlight its glazed surface has a silvery sheen. With changing conditions of light and air, it varies also, even while one stands and watches. It is a place of color and

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knew about this route and likely conducted seasonal pronghorn hunts in this area coinciding with pronghorn migration. Due to the narrow size of this natural funnel, the National Park Service has monitored the number of pronghorns migrating through this area using motion-sensitive

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during the winter months, are diurnal during the late spring and early fall, and become crepuscular during the heat of summer. Many insects and some birds also alter their times of activity. Some animals, like ground squirrels and marmots, have one or more periods of

2568:, shrubs, trees, and wildlife can be seen by hiking on one of the many trails in the monument or by just pulling over into one of the turn-offs. More rugged hiking opportunities are available in the Craters of the Moon backcountry areas, away from the Loop Road. 1883:

King's Bowl and part of the Great Rift from air. King's Bowl is a phreatic explosion pit 280 feet (90 m) long, 100 feet (30 m) wide, and at least 600 feet (183 m) deep, caused by lava meeting groundwater and producing a steam explosion 2,200 years

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As a result of the initial study, the National Park Service conducted a survey of its boundary fence and found that the fence along the northern section of Craters of the Moon interfered with pronghorn migration where it intersected the route. While the

2202:, including wildflowers. Most of these plants complete their entire life cycle in the few months each year that moisture levels are good. The onset of summer decreases the number of wildflowers and by autumn only the tiny yellow flowers of sagebrush and 3095: 1615:, first came to the area in 1918 after hearing stories from fur trappers about "strange things they had seen while ranging the region". In the early 1920s, he explored and mapped the area, which he described as "practically unknown and unexplored..." 2820:

Meaning that Craters of the Moon once looked like Yellowstone does today and Yellowstone will one day look much like Craters of the Moon does now. The hot spot stays in the same place while the overlying continent of North America moves.

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word describing older land surrounded by younger lava. Carey Kīpuka is one such area in the southernmost part of the monument and is used as a benchmark to measure how plant cover has changed in less pristine parts of southern Idaho.

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A series of newspaper and magazine articles written by Limbert were later published about this and previous treks, which increased public awareness of the area. The most famous of these was an article that appeared in a 1924 issue of

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at Craters of the Moon Lava Field. Numbering 795 men and 300 women and children, the unusually large group was relatively unmolested during its journey and named the cutoff for their guide. Improvements to the cutoff such as adding a

2332:. The subdued morning and evening light helps make them less visible to predators but is bright enough to allow them to locate food. Some animals are crepuscular mainly because their prey is. Crepuscular animals in the area include 423:. The 60 distinct solidified lava flows that form the Craters of the Moon Lava Field range in age from 15,000 to just 2,000 years. The Kings Bowl and Wapi lava fields, both about 2,200 years old, are part of the National Preserve. 2729:. Typically, there are 20 inches (51 cm) of snow by January and 25 in (64 cm) by February. Skiing off the Loop Road is allowed in most places but may be dangerous due to sharp lava and hidden holes under the snow. 1901:

mounds, and an ash blanket. The Wapi Lava Field probably formed from a fissure eruption at the same time as the King's Bowl eruption. More prolonged activity over a period of months to a few years led to the formation of low

1584:(USGS). In 1910, Samuel Paisley continued Russell's work and later would become the monument's first custodian. Others followed and in time much of the mystery surrounding this and the other lava beds of Idaho was lifted. 343:

to cover a total area of 1,117 square miles (2,893 km). The Monument alone covers 343,000 acres (139,000 ha). All three lava fields lie along the Great Rift of Idaho, with some of the best examples of open

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cuts through the northwestern part of the monument and provides access to it. However, the rugged landscape of the monument itself remains remote and undeveloped, with only one paved road across the northern end.

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King's Bowl Lava Field erupted during a single fissure eruption on the southern part of the Great Rift about 2,250 years ago. This eruption probably lasted only a few hours to a few days. The field preserves

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recorded a Shoshone story that speaks of a serpent on a mountain who, angered by lightning, coiled around and squeezed the mountain until liquid rock flowed, fire shot from cracks, and the mountain exploded.

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shelters and windbreaks, while the more delicate furs of smaller mammals were often fashioned into many articles of clothing, used to keep warm; smaller trapped and hunted species included animals such as

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temperatures often exceed 150 °F (66 °C) and plant cover is generally less than 5% on cinder cones and about 15% over the entire park. Adaptation is therefore necessary for survival in this

2846:, pp. 28–29). Both tests were conducted in 1980 by using charred vegetation directly below individual flows (for the radiocarbon test), and from rock core samples (for the paleomagnetic work). 7019: 1860:

In spite of their fresh appearance, the oldest flows in the Craters of the Moon Lava Field are 15,000 years old and the youngest erupted about 2,100 years ago, according to Mel Kuntz and other

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in the monument. The National Park Service was concerned that the local herd might grow so large that it would damage its habitat. It was found that this group of mule deer had developed a

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and prevailing southwesterly winds and have a more persistent snow cover (an important water source in early spring). These parts of cinder cones are therefore colonized by plants first.

1595:. Geologist Harold T. Stearns coined the name "Craters of the Moon" in 1923 while trying to convince the National Park Service to recommend protection of the area in a national monument. 6642: 1550:, saying this unnamed lava field is a place "where nothing meets the eye but a desolate and awful waste, where no grass grows nor water runs, and where nothing is to be seen but lava." 5669: 3511:"Craters of the Moon National Historic District Listed on the National Register of Historic Places - Craters Of The Moon National Monument & Preserve (U.S. National Park Service)" 70: 6657: 5918: 95: 7009: 6556: 6406: 1627:

I had made two trips into the northern end, covering practically the same region as that traversed by a Geological Survey party in 1901. My first was a hiking and camping trip with

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ranged this far south, likely aiding in sustaining the Shoshone. The most recent volcanic eruptions ended about 2,100 years ago and were likely witnessed by the indigenous peoples.

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west of the lava field. Stone circles visible near Indian Tunnel were built by the indigenous people. No evidence exists for permanent habitation by any Native American group. A

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Geologic Map of the Core Visitation Area of Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve, South-central Idaho, with Descriptions of 38 Points of Geologic Interest

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Years of cataloging by biologists and park rangers have recorded more than 2000 species of insects, 12 reptiles, 203 birds, 59 mammals, and three amphibians. Birds and

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of the park are known for their preservation of winter ice and snow into the hot summer months due to shielding from the sun and the insulating properties of basalt.

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is the Great Rift, and it is from this "Great Rift fissure system" that the Craters of the Moon, King's Bowl, and Wapi lava fields were created. The Great Rift is a

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performed part of their training at Craters of the Moon Lava Field by learning to look for and collect good rock specimens in an unfamiliar and harsh environment.

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Flow trailhead. This strenuous, 1.8 miles (2.9 km) long trail continues into North Crater, around Big Craters, and ends at the Spatter Cones parking lot.

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in the herd. The deer avoid the dry wind by being more active at night when the wind is not blowing. In 1991 there was a three-year average of 420 mule deer.

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have been recorded in Craters of the Moon with as many as five others potentially occurring in the park. Nearly all of these bat species have been documented

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system more than 15 miles (24 km) long. The lava tube is remarkable for its length and for the number of well-preserved lava cave features, such as lava

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in Yellowstone National Park has been implicated. This hotspot was under the Craters of the Moon area some 10 to 11 million years ago but "moved" as the

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to preserve the "weird and scenic landscape" of the area. The Craters Inn and several cabins were built in 1927 for the convenience of visitors. The

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Craters of the Moon management areas. Together, the developed area (black) and NPS Wilderness (blue) made up the 1970 to 2000 extent of the monument.

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Many animals have a specific temperature range where they are active, meaning the times they are active vary with the seasons. Snakes and lizards

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For many years, geologists, biologists and environmentalists have advocated for the expansion of the protected area and its transformation into a

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set aside a large part of the monument—43,243 acres (175 km)—as Craters of the Moon National Wilderness Area, protecting that part under the

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and part of it is in the northern part of the monument. The cutoff was created to reduce the possibility of conflict with the Shoshone along the

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since 2012. While an average of 400 pronghorns make the migration each season, as many as 700 animals have been counted in a single migration.

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cracks in the world, including the deepest known on Earth at 800 feet (240 m). There are excellent examples of almost every variety of

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where he called the area "Craters of the Moon", helping to solidify the use of that name. In the article, he wrote about the beauty of the

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Natural Resource Condition Assessment: Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve, Natural Resource Report NPS/UCBN/NRR—2012/602

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cinder cones. Further away are the Pioneer Mountains just north of the highway, and beyond the park are the White Knob Mountains, the

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in the contiguous United States. The Monument and Preserve contain more than 25 volcanic cones, including outstanding examples of

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visited the lava fields and other places in the Western U.S. in the 19th century and wrote about his experiences in his diaries.

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is in the northern part of Craters of the Moon where pronghorns typically follow a single trail for about 8 miles (13 km).

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Drought escape by growing in small crevices or near persistent water supplies, or by staying dormant for about 95% of the year.

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Drought avoidance by having small, hairy, or succulent leaves to minimize moisture loss or otherwise conserve water. Hairs on

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portions of the expanded Monument were designated as Craters of the Moon National Preserve in August 2002. It spreads across

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In large part due to Limbert's work, Craters of the Moon National Monument was proclaimed on May 2, 1924, by U.S. President

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A wide variety of volcanic formations and features are accessible from the Loop Road, the only developed area of the park.

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in the Craters of the Moon area is between 15–20 inches (380–510 mm) per year. Most of this is lost in cracks in the

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Gaps between lava flows were sometimes cut off from surrounding vegetation. These literal islands of habitat are called

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An Ethnographic Overview and Assessment of the Hagerman Fossil Beds National Monument and Other Areas in Southern Idaho

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Tree mold showing an impression of a tree trunk and bark in the basalt on the Tree Molds Trail at Craters of the Moon.

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through these formations and trees of the "orchard" is available. Interpretive displays can be read along the trail.

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All organisms that live in and around Craters of the Moon are under great environmental stress due to constant dry

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Beever, E.A. (2002). "Persistence of pikas in two low-elevation national monuments in the western United States".

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Stone rings near Indian Tunnel lava tubes, possibly windbreaks made by Northern Shoshone passing through the area.

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and curbs, the latter marking high stands of the flowing lava frozen on the lava tube walls. The lava tubes and

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The only visitor center in Craters of the Moon, the Robert Limbert Visitor Center, was named after him in 1990.

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Limbert set out on his third and most ambitious foray to the area in May 1920, this time with W.L. Cole and an

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and found that its surface does not closely resemble this part of Idaho. While the Moon's craters are largely

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The Craters of the Moon Lava Field spreads across 618 square miles (1,601 km) and is the largest mostly

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visited the area about 12,000 years ago but did not leave much in the way of archaeological evidence. The

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Both the Spatter Cones and Big Craters sit directly along part of one of the fissures of the Great Rift.

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facilities are basic but do include seasonal water, restrooms, charcoal grills, and trash containers.

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Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve is co-managed by the National Park Service and the

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in 2002 (which allows hunting, not ordinarily permitted in national parks and monuments in the U.S.).

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Animals that are most active at dawn and dusk, when temperatures are cooler than mid-day, are called

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and typically collect in crevices in lava flows. Successively more complex plants then colonize the

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the lava. Both holes and horizontal molds were left, some still showing shapes indicative of bark.

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LANDSAT satellite photo showing the entire Great Rift volcanic zone and three distinct lava fields.

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created trails through the Craters of the Moon Lava Field, during their summer migrations from the

319: 307: 1806: 1745:, those seen at Craters of the Moon were instead created by volcanic eruptions. Apollo astronauts 6603: 5552: 5148: 3951:"Wildflowers - Craters Of The Moon National Monument & Preserve (U.S. National Park Service)" 3589: 2839: 2137: 2074: 1558: 1535: 1469: 268: 1925: 4071:"Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve Approved MMP Amendment: Record of Decision" 1950:. Solid crust forms over lava streams and lava tubes are created when lava vacates its course. 6720: 6323: 5386: 4817: 4793: 4768: 4662: 3346: 3203: 2788: 2773: 2483: 2471: 2121: 2033: 1890: 1827: 1815: 1776: 1769: 1608: 1543: 1539: 1487:

in the 1850s and 1860s followed an alternative route in the area that used trails left by the

1372: 428: 294:

The Monument was established on May 2, 1924. In November 2000, a presidential proclamation by

256: 252: 4525: 4502:"Camping - Craters Of The Moon National Monument & Preserve (U.S. National Park Service)" 3844:"Animals - Craters Of The Moon National Monument & Preserve (U.S. National Park Service)" 3040:"Climate - Craters Of The Moon National Monument & Preserve (U.S. National Park Service)" 2418:

are found at Craters of the Moon and nowhere else. Lava tube beetles and other cave-dwelling

1849:

and created the many overlapping lava flows that make up the lava beds of Idaho. The largest

4696: 4550:"Safety - Craters Of The Moon National Monument & Preserve (U.S. National Park Service)" 4277: 2649: 2625: 2431: 2255: 2081: 1947: 1642: 1476: 4301: 4193: 3907: 3770: 3407: 6689: 5841: 5436: 5356: 4783: 4735: 4120: 3379: 3281: 3177: 2875: 2364: 1873: 1869: 1695: 1646: 1384: 4376: 3882: 1994:

and heat-absorbing black lavas that tend to quickly sap water from living things. Summer

4159: 4022: 3974: 3950: 5973: 5396: 4609: 4573: 4125:. Vol. 50. College of Forestry, Wildlife, and Range Sciences, University of Idaho. 3998: 3313:

The Adventures of Captain Bonneville, U. S. A., in the Rocky Mountains and the Far West

2835: 2663: 2487: 2247: 2190:

bloom from early May to late September but most are gone by late August. Moisture from

2164: 2149: 1903: 1838:

migrated northwestward. Pressure from the hotspot heaves the land surface up, creating

1750: 1738: 1569: 1527:

to cross the Snake River made it into a popular alternative route of the Oregon Trail.

1437: 353: 4836: 4739: 4405: 3565: 2069:

Drought tolerance by physiological adaptations such as the ability to survive extreme

491:

Climate data for Craters of the Moon, Idaho, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1958–present

431:

volcanic province. The Great Rift extends across almost the entire Snake River Plain.

6848: 6471: 6263: 6223: 5361: 4731: 4652: 4501: 3193: 2842:

methods, which together give dates that are considered accurate to within 100 years (

2411: 2314: 2251: 2116:

in the area grow near constant water sources such as natural potholes and seeps from

2089: 1742: 1453: 1445: 1380: 1368: 1031: 420: 404: 400: 396: 276: 272: 264: 4874: 4549: 4429: 3843: 3039: 2725:

are allowed on the Loop Road after it closes to traffic in late November because of

2446:, and the Pioneers Alliance conducted a study of their movements from 2008 to 2010. 2289:

A golden-mantled ground squirrel, one of the most common animals to see in the park.

6078: 6063: 6018: 5451: 5411: 5406: 4683: 4453: 2778: 2750: 2643: 2556: 2492: 2451: 2419: 2243: 2199: 2015: 1943: 1865: 1746: 1612: 1484: 1433: 381: 295: 284: 140: 4875:"Craters of the Moon NM, Idaho (102260): Period of Record Monthly Climate Summary" 4727: 2677:

The final stop on Loop Road which, as the name suggests, features a collection of

1587:

The few European emigrants who visited the area in the 19th century created local

4699:: Office of the President of the United States. Proclamation 7373. Archived from 4046: 2403:, a summer hibernation that allows them to avoid the hottest and driest periods. 322:

counties. The area is managed cooperatively by the National Park Service and the

6746: 6068: 5461: 3438: 2808: 2722: 2633: 2629: 2537: 2466:

A herd of pronghorns migrating through the northern part of Craters of the Moon.

2329: 2263: 2203: 2195: 2145: 2070: 1939: 1754: 1660: 1554: 1496: 1480: 1416:, in addition to numerous bird species. For meat and larger hides, they pursued 1409: 1376: 280: 135: 4352: 2693:

rangers present evening programs at the campground amphitheater in the summer.

3275: 3117: 2888: 2740: 2726: 2602: 2565: 2400: 2360: 2349: 2223: 2211: 2187: 1958: 1919: 1915: 1894: 1699: 416: 330: 4932: 4640: 4328: 168: 155: 6356: 4797: 3722:"Idaho Senate wants Congress to declare Craters of the Moon a national park" 2678: 2668: 2521: 2447: 2395: 2341: 2333: 2318: 2294: 2267: 2215: 2062: 2021:

The shaded north slopes of cinder cones provide more protection from direct

1999: 1907: 1850: 1758: 1722:, this became one of the first two designations on land administered by the 1628: 1604: 1577: 1573: 1491:

which skirted the jagged lava flows. This alternative route was later named

1425: 1421: 458: 435: 357: 340: 334: 288: 4944: 2029: 1842:. After the hotspot passes the pressure is released and the land subsides. 1622:

The black soil on Inferno Cone exhibits the properties Limbert wrote about.

56: 4406:"Backpack the Craters of the Moon Wilderness (U.S. National Park Service)" 2266:

within the park's boundaries, typically making use of the area's numerous

102: 77: 4916:

National Park Service: Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve

3775:. Collaboration of The Geological Society of America, NPS, BLM, and USGS. 2730: 2372: 2353: 2191: 2117: 2065:. Strategies used by plants to cope with the adverse conditions include: 1561:

to explore the lava fields. They were investigating its possible use for

1515: 1389: 412: 4122:

A Review of Scientific Research at Craters of the Moon National Monument

1783:

due to its exceptional preservation of its naturally dark night skies.

1707:

increased the size of the monument by 5,360 acres (22 km) in 1962.

1355: 3486: 2686: 2525: 2298: 2275: 2271: 2058: 2046: 2003: 1819: 1562: 1405: 1393: 454: 3096:"U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Craters of the Moon, ID" 2811:

average only 10–11 inches (250–280 mm) of precipitation annually.

6437:

Baaj Nwaavjo I'tah Kukveni – Ancestral Footprints of the Grand Canyon

6337:

Baaj Nwaavjo I'tah Kukveni – Ancestral Footprints of the Grand Canyon

4915: 2621: 2376: 2337: 2310: 2239: 2227: 2011: 1935: 1898: 1588: 1557:

cattlemen named Arthur Ferris and J.W. Powell became the first known

1441: 1413: 1397: 446: 349: 337: 4719: 2981:(Revised ed.). Craters of the Moon Natural History Association. 4816:. Washington D.C.: National Park Service Division of Publications. 4210:"Pronghorn Antelope | Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife" 2434:

across the northern Snake River Plain has been monitored since the

1818:

is a volcanic province that was created by a series of cataclysmic

5480: 4979: 2702: 2648: 2555: 2533: 2461: 2388: 2380: 2302: 2284: 2163: 2095: 2073:

or the ability to extract water from very dry soil. Sagebrush and

1986:

This scoria field shows typical conditions at Craters of the Moon.

1981: 1968: 1924: 1878: 1805: 1685: 1617: 1565:

and watering cattle but found the area to be unsuitable and left.

1524: 1519: 1464: 1354: 371: 260: 124: 4689:

Boundary Enlargement of the Craters of the Moon National Monument

4195:

North End Wildlife Friendly Fence Project: Final Report 2009-2017

1910:, between the Craters of the Moon and the Wapi lava fields, is a 4921:

Bureau of Land Management: Craters of the Moon National Monument

4854:"America's Volcanic Past: Craters of the Moon National Monument" 2685:

The Lava Flow Campground has 41 first come, first served sites.

2598: 2594: 2384: 2157: 2113: 2109: 2054: 1995: 1991: 1911: 1861: 1734: 1730: 1592: 1507: 449:, only to emerge later in springs and seeps in the walls of the 361: 345: 6693: 5845: 4948: 2010:

Soil particles first develop from direct rock decomposition by

2733:

and other adverse weather conditions may occur in the winter.

2322: 2306: 2259: 2022: 1973:

Landscape, Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve.

1417: 380:

Craters of the Moon is in south-central Idaho, midway between

3137: 3135: 3022: 3020: 1710:

Since then, the park has been expanded. On October 23, 1970,

434:

Elevation at the visitor center is 5,910 feet (1,800 m)

4928:

DarkSky International: Craters of the Moon National Monument

3007: 3005: 3003: 2990: 2988: 2620:(210 m) tall, it is one of the world's largest, purely 2593:

for the purplish-blue tint on its surface. Good examples of

6930:

Religious places of the Indigenous peoples of North America

2544:

Afternoon winds usually die down in the evening, prompting

2049:

of plants known to grow in the park which make up 93 plant

236: 4353:"Devils Orchard Nature Trail (U.S. National Park Service)" 4302:"Hike the North Crater Trail (U.S. National Park Service)" 4047:"Bats at Craters of the Moon (U.S. National Park Service)" 2278:

continues within the grass/shrublands administered by the

2242:

are seen most frequently in the Craters of the Moon area.

4377:"Hike the Tree Molds Trail (U.S. National Park Service)" 3487:"Craters of the Moon Natural History Association | Home" 2194:

along with some rainfall in late spring kick-starts the

1929:

Cinder crags from North Crater on the North Crater Flow.

1472:

was used as a landmark by emigrants on the Oregon Trail.

3384:

Idaho Yesterdays, the Quarterly of the Idaho Historical

2636:

may be seen, about 138 miles (222 km) to the east.

1845:

Leftover heat from this hotspot was later liberated by

287:, at an average elevation of 5,900 feet (1,800 m) 4574:"Visit Craters in Winter (U.S. National Park Service)" 4142:"Capturing Pronghorn Migration at Craters of the Moon" 3627: 3625: 2516:

In May 1980, wildlife researcher Brad Griffith of the

2576:

topics such as history, wildlife, plants, or geology.

2156:

during the brief wet part of the year and survive in

1611:, photographer, filmmaker, and exhibit designer from 298:

greatly expanded the Monument area. The 410,000-acre

4720:"Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve" 4260: 4258: 4233: 4231: 4229: 3421: 3419: 3294: 3292: 3290: 3258: 3256: 3156: 3154: 3152: 3150: 3078: 3076: 3063: 3061: 3059: 2363:, or primarily active during the day. These include 7020:

Units of the National Landscape Conservation System

6580: 6415: 6322: 5879: 5812: 5631: 5488: 5479: 5342: 5254: 5236: 5188: 5165: 5147: 5059: 5036: 5013: 4995: 4986: 4430:"Hike Broken Top Loop (U.S. National Park Service)" 2422:are found only in the lava tubes of eastern Idaho. 2206:remain. Some wildflowers that grow in the area are 2103:

growing from a crack in the North Crater lava flow.

1499:such as the skirmish that occurred near modern-day 232: 218: 210: 192: 184: 147: 131: 119: 39: 4758:. Craters of the Moon Natural History Association. 4119:Blakesley, Jennifer A.; Wright, R. Gerald (1988). 3412:. Craters of the Moon Natural History Association. 2908: 2906: 1798:to designate Craters of the Moon a national park. 245:Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve 237:Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve 40:Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve 6860:National Park Service National Monuments in Idaho 6658:President Lincoln's Cottage at the Soldiers' Home 4856:. United States Geological Survey. Archived from 4814:Craters of the Moon: National Park Handbook (139) 4767:(5th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons. 3697:"Craters of the Moon | Bureau of Land Management" 3616:Science Training History of the Apollo Astronauts 3098:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 2520:started a three-year study to mark and count the 1514:area of Idaho, a group of emigrants persuaded an 4164:Lava Lake Institute for Science and Conservation 3554:. U.S. Congress. 1970-10-23. pp. 1104–1105. 388:. The lava field reaches southeastward from the 329:The Monument and Preserve encompass three major 3237:. United States Geologic Survey. Archived from 2759:List of National Monuments of the United States 2254:once roamed this area but have long ago become 1673:Robert Limbert, Among the "Craters of the Moon" 1665: 1636:Robert Limbert, Among the "Craters of the Moon" 1625: 5015:National Historic Sites & Historical Parks 3380:"'Two-Gun Limbert' The Man from the Sawtooths" 2977:Owen, Douglass E.; Melander, Sonja M. (2014). 1826:which started about 16 million years ago. The 333:and about 400 square miles (1,000 km) of 7010:Tourist attractions in Minidoka County, Idaho 6705: 5857: 4960: 4454:"Explore a Cave (U.S. National Park Service)" 3439:"Robert Limbert (U.S. National Park Service)" 2764:List of Wilderness Areas in the United States 2172:A plant commonly seen on the cinder flats is 2168:Wildflower bloom on the Devils Orchard trail. 2018:created by the increasingly productive soil. 1546:later used Bonneville's diaries to write the 477:A panoramic image of the Craters of the Moon. 8: 7005:Tourist attractions in Lincoln County, Idaho 6870:Bureau of Land Management National Monuments 4661:. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. 3202:. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. 2450:from the Pioneer Mountains were fitted with 1868:at Craters of the Moon are considered to be 6995:Tourist attractions in Blaine County, Idaho 4785:Craters of the Moon: Administrative history 4763:Kiver, Eugene P.; Harris, David V. (1999). 3785: 3141: 3026: 3011: 2994: 356:(cavities left by lava-incinerated trees), 7015:Tourist attractions in Power County, Idaho 7000:Tourist attractions in Butte County, Idaho 6712: 6698: 6690: 5864: 5850: 5842: 5485: 4992: 4967: 4953: 4945: 4329:"Big Craters (U.S. National Park Service)" 4160:"Lava Lake Institute: Pronghorn Migration" 3906:Erixson, John A.; Corrao, Mark V. (2012). 3118:"NOAA Online Weather Data – NWS Pocatello" 2528:-evasion strategy unique for its species. 2504:difficult for other animals to jump over. 487: 36: 6985:Protected areas of Minidoka County, Idaho 3345:. Images of America. Arcadia Publishing. 1720:Petrified Forest National Wilderness Area 453:. Older lava fields on the plain support 27:National monument in Idaho, United States 6980:Protected areas of Lincoln County, Idaho 6875:Bureau of Land Management areas in Idaho 5830:Idaho Department of Parks and Recreation 4873:Western Regional Climate Center (2007). 4658:Indian Legends from the Northern Rockies 3199:Indian Legends from the Northern Rockies 2700:which enables children to earn a badge. 2632:. On the clearest days, the tops of the 2325:, and most other small, desert rodents. 2226:, scorpionweed, scabland penstemon, and 1775:In 2017, the monument was designated an 6970:Protected areas of Blaine County, Idaho 6865:National preserves of the United States 6721:National Preserves of the United States 5873:National monuments of the United States 5246:Morley Nelson Snake River Birds of Prey 5228:Oxford Slough Waterfowl Production Area 4835:. National Park Service. Archived from 3675:"Craters Of The Moon National Monument" 3631: 2878:for Craters of the Moon NM and Preserve 2858: 2800: 1716:National Wilderness Preservation System 1591:that it looked like the surface of the 1174:Average extreme snow depth inches (cm) 6990:Protected areas of Power County, Idaho 6975:Protected areas of Butte County, Idaho 4400: 4398: 4396: 3618:. NASA SP −2015-626. pp. 235–236. 3401: 3399: 3397: 3336: 3334: 2961: 2769:List of Volcanoes in the United States 1906:in the Wapi field. The Bear Trap Cave 4323: 4321: 4187: 4185: 4183: 4181: 4179: 4136: 4134: 4132: 4114: 4112: 3945: 3943: 3877: 3875: 3838: 3836: 3834: 3832: 3830: 3763: 3761: 3759: 3343:Craters of the Moon National Monument 3171: 3169: 2972: 2970: 2889:"NPS Annual Recreation Visits Report" 2864: 2862: 364:), and many other volcanic features. 18:Craters of the Moon National Preserve 7: 6557:Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains 6407:Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains 4756:Craters of the Moon: Around the Loop 4596: 3548:U.S. Public Law 91-504-Oct. 23, 1970 118: 32:Craters of the Moon (disambiguation) 6965:Protected areas established in 1924 6950:Landforms of Minidoka County, Idaho 6925:National Natural Landmarks in Idaho 6628:Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad 4726:. National Park Service. pp. " 4264: 4249: 4237: 3934: 3922: 3866: 3821: 3809: 3797: 3750: 3425: 3365: 3325: 3298: 3262: 3160: 3082: 3067: 2912: 2843: 2822: 1343:Source 2: National Weather Service 6945:Landforms of Lincoln County, Idaho 4643:from websites or documents of the 3644:Simpson, Michael K. (2002-08-21). 2560:Craters of the Moon Loop Road map. 1847:basin and range-associated rifting 25: 6935:Landforms of Blaine County, Idaho 6044:Emmett Till and Mamie Till-Mobley 4877:. Western Regional Climate Center 4852:United States Geological Survey. 3732:from the original on 7 March 2017 3311:Irving, Washington (1837). "17". 2444:Idaho Department of Fish and Game 6955:Landforms of Power County, Idaho 6940:Landforms of Butte County, Idaho 4897: 4833:"Geology of Craters of the Moon" 4639: This article incorporates 4634: 2743: 1645:to accompany him. Starting from 1548:Adventures of Captain Bonneville 466: 376:Craters of the Moon within Idaho 101: 94: 76: 69: 55: 49:V (protected landscape/seascape) 6643:Northeast Canyons and Seamounts 5344:National Wild and Scenic Rivers 5279:Frank Church–River of No Return 4905:Map Highlighting the Boundaries 3656:from the original on 2021-09-27 3533: 2944:from the original on 2020-10-07 2924: 2807:Lower elevation areas near the 2582:An easy, paved trail less than 1788:Bureau of Land Management (BLM) 1582:United States Geological Survey 196:Monument: May 2, 1924 191: 130: 6357:Camp Hale – Continental Divide 5994:Charles Young Buffalo Soldiers 5818:Central Idaho Dark Sky Reserve 5670:Camas Prairie Centennial Marsh 4812:National Park Service (1991). 2979:Geology of Craters of the Moon 2088:, and the small leaves of the 1864:geologists. Nevertheless, the 1663:blue of the Blue Dragon Flow: 368:Geography and geologic setting 279:), between the small towns of 1: 6648:Pacific Remote Islands Marine 6613:Aleutian Islands World War II 5919:Belmont-Paul Women's Equality 3883:"NPSpecies: Full List - CRMO" 3596:. National Park Service. 1999 2869:Record of Decision – FEIS GMP 2440:Wildlife Conservation Society 2270:, making it an important bat 2084:, the succulent parts of the 1538:captain and western explorer 1104:Average snowfall inches (cm) 188:753,000 acres (3,050 km) 110:Show map of the United States 6960:1924 establishments in Idaho 6527:Organ Mountains–Desert Peaks 6169:Medgar and Myrlie Evers Home 6099:George Washington Birthplace 5334:Cecil D. Andrus–White Clouds 4792:, Pacific Northwest Region. 3284:Retrieved September 19, 2013 2610:Devils Orchard Nature Trail: 1942:, and pasty lava blobs form 1682:Protection and later history 6915:Polygenetic volcanic fields 6567:Upper Missouri River Breaks 5618:Trail of the Coeur d'Alenes 5238:National Conservation Areas 3491:www.cratersofthemoonnha.org 3463:"Proclamation, May 2, 1924" 3409:Idaho's Two-Gun Bob Limbert 2834:Eruptions were dated using 2470:The narrowest part of this 1934:lava becomes slightly more 1777:International Dark Sky Park 1531:Exploration and early study 1244:Average precipitation days 820:Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 680:Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 7041: 6638:Military Working Dog Teams 6392:Saint Francis Dam Disaster 6249:Springfield 1908 Race Riot 6164:Little Bighorn Battlefield 4938:, documentary produced by 4684:Clinton, William Jefferson 3120:. National Weather Service 2160:form the rest of the year. 2132:grow in shallow crevices. 1792:Department of the Interior 1598: 1342: 1337: 490: 457:-resistant plants such as 214:250,872 (in 2020) 29: 6727: 6676: 6502:Grand Staircase–Escalante 6294:Virgin Islands Coral Reef 6154:Katahdin Woods and Waters 5824: 5190:National Wildlife Refuges 5167:National Recreation Areas 4765:Geology of U.S. Parklands 3614:Phinney, William (2015). 3536:, "History & Culture" 3378:Casner, Nicholas (1988). 3176:Myers, L. Daniel (1999). 2457:Idaho National Laboratory 2280:Bureau of Land Management 2148:grow in larger crevices. 1953:Geologists feared that a 1855:National Natural Landmark 1576:to study this area while 1501:Massacre Rocks State Park 1290: 1243: 1173: 1103: 1029: 959: 889: 819: 749: 679: 609: 539: 534: 531: 528: 525: 522: 519: 516: 513: 510: 507: 504: 501: 498: 495: 386:Yellowstone National Park 324:Bureau of Land Management 227:Bureau of Land Management 206:Preserve: August 21, 2002 63: 54: 44: 6900:Rock formations of Idaho 6653:Papahānaumokuākea Marine 6284:Tule Springs Fossil Beds 6174:Mill Springs Battlefield 6104:George Washington Carver 5372:Clearwater (Middle Fork) 4754:Henderson, Paul (1986). 4198:. National Park Service. 3912:. National Park Service. 3728:. The Spokesman-Review. 3182:. National Park Service. 2580:North Crater Flow Trail: 2546:behavioral modifications 2408:Great Basin pocket mouse 2359:Some desert animals are 2293:Most desert animals are 6517:Kasha-Katuwe Tent Rocks 6467:Canyons of the Ancients 6452:Berryessa Snow Mountain 6347:Berryessa Snow Mountain 6239:Salinas Pueblo Missions 5924:Birmingham Civil Rights 5899:Alibates Flint Quarries 5568:Land of the Yankee Fork 5269:Bruneau–Jarbidge Rivers 4940:Idaho Public Television 4788:. Seattle, Washington: 4192:Stefanic, Todd (2017). 3786:Kiver & Harris 1999 3142:Kiver & Harris 1999 3027:Kiver & Harris 1999 3012:Kiver & Harris 1999 2995:Kiver & Harris 1999 2891:. National Park Service 2707:Campers in Echo Crater. 2552:Recreational activities 2476:Archaeological evidence 2152:carry out their entire 2126:dwarf mountain fleabane 2092:are all local examples. 1364:Native American history 6633:Marianas Trench Marine 6497:Grand Canyon–Parashant 6119:Grand Canyon–Parashant 6049:Florissant Fossil Beds 5969:Castillo de San Marcos 5299:Jim McClure–Jerry Peak 4782:Louter, David (1992). 4641:public domain material 3467:coolidgefoundation.org 3341:Stout, Ted E. (2022). 2708: 2654: 2561: 2467: 2406:Unique populations of 2290: 2222:, dwarf monkeyflower, 2169: 2104: 1987: 1974: 1930: 1885: 1811: 1691: 1676: 1639: 1623: 1510:was discovered in the 1473: 1460: 1360: 377: 249:U.S. national monument 169:43.46167°N 113.56271°W 6537:Prehistoric Trackways 6397:San Gabriel Mountains 6264:Sunset Crater Volcano 5889:African Burial Ground 5881:National Park Service 5613:Three Island Crossing 5518:Coeur d'Alene Parkway 4790:National Park Service 4645:National Park Service 3683:DarkSky International 3406:Clark, David (2010). 3274:Goodale's Cutoff NPS 2706: 2698:Junior Ranger program 2691:National Park Service 2652: 2559: 2541:herd in the species. 2465: 2288: 2178:Eriogonum ovalifolium 2167: 2099: 1985: 1972: 1928: 1882: 1840:fault-block mountains 1809: 1781:DarkSky International 1724:National Park Service 1689: 1621: 1468: 1358: 890:Mean minimum °F (°C) 610:Mean maximum °F (°C) 375: 300:National Park Service 223:National Park Service 6832:Yukon–Charley Rivers 6542:Río Grande del Norte 6372:Gila Cliff Dwellings 6149:John Day Fossil Beds 6129:Hagerman Fossil Beds 6109:Gila Cliff Dwellings 5929:Booker T. Washington 5447:Salmon (Middle Fork) 5051:Hagerman Fossil Beds 4706:on November 12, 2008 4686:(November 9, 2000). 3590:"Return to the Moon" 2416:yellow-pine chipmunk 2346:mountain cottontails 2208:arrowleaf balsamroot 2075:antelope bitterbrush 1836:North American Plate 1599:Limbert's expedition 540:Record high °F (°C) 174:43.46167; -113.56271 30:For other uses, see 6910:Yellowstone hotspot 6787:Little River Canyon 6762:Gates of the Arctic 6752:Craters of the Moon 6482:Craters of the Moon 6009:Craters of the Moon 5695:Coeur d'Alene River 5422:Owyhee (South Fork) 5417:Owyhee (North Fork) 5367:Bruneau (West Fork) 5274:Craters of the Moon 5149:National Grasslands 5046:Craters of the Moon 4912:Official websites: 4831:Owen, Doug (2004). 4736:History and Culture 2784:Yellowstone Hotspot 2647:short, steep trail. 2518:University of Idaho 2436:Lava Lake Institute 2426:Pronghorn Migration 2150:Dwarf monkeyflowers 2086:prickly pear cactus 2045:There are over 600 1832:Yellowstone Caldera 1729:From 1969 to 1972, 1656:National Geographic 1291:Average snowy days 960:Record low °F (°C) 750:Daily mean °F (°C) 427:in the much larger 219:Governing body 165: / 6905:Volcanoes of Idaho 6880:Volcanism of Idaho 6827:Wrangell–St. Elias 6737:Bering Land Bridge 6680:Full Detailed List 6462:California Coastal 5402:Little Jacks Creek 5304:Little Jacks Creek 5294:Hemingway–Boulders 5038:National Monuments 4934:A Trip to the Moon 3280:2008-07-26 at the 3235:vulcan.wr.usgs.gov 2874:2020-11-11 at the 2712:Backcountry hiking 2709: 2655: 2562: 2480:indigenous peoples 2472:migration corridor 2468: 2291: 2220:turpentine parsley 2170: 2122:Scabland penstemon 2105: 1988: 1975: 1931: 1886: 1812: 1700:Mission 66 program 1692: 1624: 1603:Robert Limbert, a 1568:In 1901 and 1903, 1559:European-Americans 1489:indigenous peoples 1474: 1470:Big Southern Butte 1361: 451:Snake River Canyon 378: 6840: 6839: 6812:Tallgrass Prairie 6687: 6686: 6663:Rose Atoll Marine 6324:US Forest Service 6254:Statue of Liberty 6204:Organ Pipe Cactus 5964:Casa Grande Ruins 5894:Agate Fossil Beds 5839: 5838: 5808: 5807: 5720:Georgetown Summit 5650:Billingsley Creek 5475: 5474: 5387:Dickshooter Creek 5329:Selway–Bitterroot 5309:North Fork Owyhee 4823:978-0-912627-44-1 4774:978-0-471-33218-3 4078:eplanning.blm.gov 3925:, pp. 36–37. 3824:, pp. 13–18. 2825:, pp. 7–12) 2789:Snake River Plain 2774:Dark-sky Preserve 2276:livestock grazing 2224:Indian paintbrush 1866:volcanic fissures 1816:Snake River Plain 1790:, both under the 1770:national preserve 1703:by lava known as 1572:became the first 1544:Washington Irving 1540:B.L.E. Bonneville 1373:Northern Shoshone 1347: 1346: 429:Snake River Plain 390:Pioneer Mountains 352:lava, as well as 296:President Clinton 257:Snake River Plain 253:national preserve 242: 241: 132:Nearest city 85:Show map of Idaho 16:(Redirected from 7032: 6920:Quaternary Idaho 6772:Great Sand Dunes 6714: 6707: 6700: 6691: 6572:Vermilion Cliffs 6547:San Juan Islands 6477:Cascade–Siskiyou 6382:Mount St. Helens 6332:Admiralty Island 6179:Montezuma Castle 6114:Governors Island 5979:Castle Mountains 5954:Cape Krusenstern 5949:Canyon de Chelly 5934:Buck Island Reef 5866: 5859: 5852: 5843: 5608:Thousand Springs 5486: 5467:Wickahoney Creek 5377:Cottonwood Creek 5256:Wilderness Areas 5061:National Forests 4993: 4969: 4962: 4955: 4946: 4901: 4900: 4886: 4884: 4882: 4869: 4867: 4865: 4848: 4846: 4844: 4839:on 21 April 2008 4827: 4808: 4806: 4804: 4778: 4759: 4750: 4748: 4747: 4715: 4713: 4711: 4705: 4697:Washington, D.C. 4694: 4679: 4677: 4675: 4638: 4637: 4624: 4623: 4621: 4620: 4606: 4600: 4594: 4588: 4587: 4585: 4584: 4570: 4564: 4563: 4561: 4560: 4546: 4540: 4539: 4537: 4536: 4522: 4516: 4515: 4513: 4512: 4498: 4492: 4491: 4489: 4488: 4474: 4468: 4467: 4465: 4464: 4450: 4444: 4443: 4441: 4440: 4426: 4420: 4419: 4417: 4416: 4402: 4391: 4390: 4388: 4387: 4373: 4367: 4366: 4364: 4363: 4349: 4343: 4342: 4340: 4339: 4325: 4316: 4315: 4313: 4312: 4298: 4292: 4291: 4289: 4288: 4274: 4268: 4262: 4253: 4247: 4241: 4235: 4224: 4223: 4221: 4220: 4206: 4200: 4199: 4189: 4174: 4173: 4171: 4170: 4156: 4150: 4149: 4138: 4127: 4126: 4116: 4107: 4106: 4094: 4088: 4087: 4085: 4084: 4075: 4067: 4061: 4060: 4058: 4057: 4043: 4037: 4036: 4034: 4033: 4019: 4013: 4012: 4010: 4009: 3995: 3989: 3988: 3986: 3985: 3971: 3965: 3964: 3962: 3961: 3947: 3938: 3932: 3926: 3920: 3914: 3913: 3903: 3897: 3896: 3894: 3893: 3879: 3870: 3864: 3858: 3857: 3855: 3854: 3840: 3825: 3819: 3813: 3807: 3801: 3795: 3789: 3783: 3777: 3776: 3765: 3754: 3748: 3742: 3741: 3739: 3737: 3720:Russell, Betsy. 3717: 3711: 3710: 3708: 3707: 3693: 3687: 3686: 3671: 3665: 3664: 3662: 3661: 3650:www.congress.gov 3641: 3635: 3629: 3620: 3619: 3611: 3605: 3604: 3602: 3601: 3586: 3580: 3579: 3577: 3576: 3562: 3556: 3555: 3553: 3543: 3537: 3531: 3525: 3524: 3522: 3521: 3507: 3501: 3500: 3498: 3497: 3483: 3477: 3476: 3474: 3473: 3459: 3453: 3452: 3450: 3449: 3435: 3429: 3423: 3414: 3413: 3403: 3392: 3391: 3375: 3369: 3363: 3357: 3356: 3338: 3329: 3323: 3317: 3316: 3308: 3302: 3296: 3285: 3272: 3266: 3260: 3251: 3250: 3248: 3246: 3241:on June 21, 2012 3227: 3221: 3220: 3218: 3216: 3190: 3184: 3183: 3173: 3164: 3158: 3145: 3139: 3130: 3129: 3127: 3125: 3114: 3108: 3107: 3105: 3103: 3092: 3086: 3080: 3071: 3065: 3054: 3053: 3051: 3050: 3036: 3030: 3024: 3015: 3009: 2998: 2992: 2983: 2982: 2974: 2965: 2959: 2953: 2952: 2950: 2949: 2934: 2928: 2922: 2916: 2910: 2901: 2900: 2898: 2896: 2885: 2879: 2866: 2847: 2832: 2826: 2818: 2812: 2805: 2753: 2748: 2747: 2746: 2626:Lost River Range 2591: 2590: 2586: 2365:ground squirrels 2258:. 11 species of 2130:gland cinquefoil 1955:large earthquake 1904:shield volcanoes 1674: 1643:Airedale terrier 1637: 1493:Goodale's Cutoff 1461:Goodale's Cutoff 1450:woodland caribou 1294: 1247: 488: 470: 203: 201: 180: 179: 177: 176: 175: 170: 166: 163: 162: 161: 158: 111: 105: 104: 98: 86: 80: 79: 73: 59: 37: 21: 7040: 7039: 7035: 7034: 7033: 7031: 7030: 7029: 6855:IUCN Category V 6845: 6844: 6841: 6836: 6797:New River Gorge 6723: 6718: 6688: 6683: 6672: 6590: 6576: 6507:Ironwood Forest 6442:Basin and Range 6419:Land Management 6418: 6411: 6318: 6269:Timpanogos Cave 6189:Natural Bridges 6014:Devils Postpile 5989:César E. Chávez 5959:Capulin Volcano 5875: 5870: 5840: 5835: 5820: 5804: 5755:Niagara Springs 5685:Cecil D. Andrus 5655:Blackfoot River 5636: 5634: 5627: 5623:Winchester Lake 5471: 5357:Big Jacks Creek 5338: 5264:Big Jacks Creek 5250: 5232: 5184: 5161: 5143: 5134:Wallowa–Whitman 5094:Idaho Panhandle 5079:Caribou-Targhee 5055: 5032: 5009: 4982: 4976:Protected areas 4973: 4909: 4908: 4907: 4902: 4898: 4893: 4880: 4878: 4872: 4863: 4861: 4860:on May 17, 2008 4851: 4842: 4840: 4830: 4824: 4811: 4802: 4800: 4781: 4775: 4762: 4753: 4745: 4743: 4718: 4709: 4707: 4703: 4692: 4682: 4673: 4671: 4669: 4651: 4635: 4632: 4627: 4618: 4616: 4608: 4607: 4603: 4595: 4591: 4582: 4580: 4572: 4571: 4567: 4558: 4556: 4548: 4547: 4543: 4534: 4532: 4524: 4523: 4519: 4510: 4508: 4500: 4499: 4495: 4486: 4484: 4476: 4475: 4471: 4462: 4460: 4452: 4451: 4447: 4438: 4436: 4428: 4427: 4423: 4414: 4412: 4404: 4403: 4394: 4385: 4383: 4375: 4374: 4370: 4361: 4359: 4351: 4350: 4346: 4337: 4335: 4327: 4326: 4319: 4310: 4308: 4300: 4299: 4295: 4286: 4284: 4276: 4275: 4271: 4263: 4256: 4248: 4244: 4236: 4227: 4218: 4216: 4208: 4207: 4203: 4191: 4190: 4177: 4168: 4166: 4158: 4157: 4153: 4140: 4139: 4130: 4118: 4117: 4110: 4096: 4095: 4091: 4082: 4080: 4073: 4069: 4068: 4064: 4055: 4053: 4045: 4044: 4040: 4031: 4029: 4021: 4020: 4016: 4007: 4005: 3997: 3996: 3992: 3983: 3981: 3973: 3972: 3968: 3959: 3957: 3949: 3948: 3941: 3933: 3929: 3921: 3917: 3905: 3904: 3900: 3891: 3889: 3881: 3880: 3873: 3865: 3861: 3852: 3850: 3842: 3841: 3828: 3820: 3816: 3808: 3804: 3796: 3792: 3784: 3780: 3767: 3766: 3757: 3749: 3745: 3735: 3733: 3719: 3718: 3714: 3705: 3703: 3695: 3694: 3690: 3673: 3672: 3668: 3659: 3657: 3643: 3642: 3638: 3630: 3623: 3613: 3612: 3608: 3599: 3597: 3588: 3587: 3583: 3574: 3572: 3564: 3563: 3559: 3551: 3545: 3544: 3540: 3532: 3528: 3519: 3517: 3509: 3508: 3504: 3495: 3493: 3485: 3484: 3480: 3471: 3469: 3461: 3460: 3456: 3447: 3445: 3437: 3436: 3432: 3424: 3417: 3405: 3404: 3395: 3377: 3376: 3372: 3364: 3360: 3353: 3340: 3339: 3332: 3324: 3320: 3310: 3309: 3305: 3297: 3288: 3282:Wayback Machine 3273: 3269: 3261: 3254: 3244: 3242: 3229: 3228: 3224: 3214: 3212: 3210: 3192: 3191: 3187: 3175: 3174: 3167: 3159: 3148: 3140: 3133: 3123: 3121: 3116: 3115: 3111: 3101: 3099: 3094: 3093: 3089: 3081: 3074: 3066: 3057: 3048: 3046: 3038: 3037: 3033: 3025: 3018: 3010: 3001: 2993: 2986: 2976: 2975: 2968: 2960: 2956: 2947: 2945: 2936: 2935: 2931: 2923: 2919: 2911: 2904: 2894: 2892: 2887: 2886: 2882: 2876:Wayback Machine 2867: 2860: 2856: 2851: 2850: 2833: 2829: 2819: 2815: 2806: 2802: 2797: 2749: 2744: 2742: 2739: 2696:The park has a 2588: 2584: 2583: 2573:Visitor Center: 2554: 2514: 2478:suggests local 2455:the Big Desert/ 2438:along with the 2428: 2256:locally extinct 2236: 2174:dwarf buckwheat 2138:bush rockspirea 2043: 1980: 1967: 1897:, squeeze-ups, 1804: 1696:Calvin Coolidge 1684: 1675: 1672: 1638: 1635: 1601: 1533: 1463: 1385:hunter-gatherer 1366: 1353: 1348: 1338:Source 1: NOAA 1292: 1245: 1238: 1233: 1228: 1223: 1218: 1213: 1208: 1203: 1198: 1193: 1188: 1183: 1178: 1168: 1163: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1138: 1133: 1128: 1123: 1118: 1113: 1108: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1068: 1063: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1043: 1038: 1024: 1019: 1014: 1009: 1004: 999: 994: 989: 984: 979: 974: 969: 964: 954: 949: 944: 939: 934: 929: 924: 919: 914: 909: 904: 899: 894: 884: 879: 874: 869: 864: 859: 854: 849: 844: 839: 834: 829: 824: 814: 809: 804: 799: 794: 789: 784: 779: 774: 769: 764: 759: 754: 744: 739: 734: 729: 724: 719: 714: 709: 704: 699: 694: 689: 684: 674: 669: 664: 659: 654: 649: 644: 639: 634: 629: 624: 619: 614: 604: 599: 594: 589: 584: 579: 574: 569: 564: 559: 554: 549: 544: 485: 480: 479: 478: 476: 471: 436:above sea level 415:-aged basaltic 370: 289:above sea level 205: 199: 197: 173: 171: 167: 164: 159: 156: 154: 152: 151: 139: 127:, United States 115: 114: 113: 112: 109: 108: 107: 106: 89: 88: 87: 84: 83: 82: 81: 50: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7038: 7036: 7028: 7027: 7022: 7017: 7012: 7007: 7002: 6997: 6992: 6987: 6982: 6977: 6972: 6967: 6962: 6957: 6952: 6947: 6942: 6937: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6917: 6912: 6907: 6902: 6897: 6895:Rift volcanoes 6892: 6887: 6885:Caves of Idaho 6882: 6877: 6872: 6867: 6862: 6857: 6847: 6846: 6838: 6837: 6835: 6834: 6829: 6824: 6822:Valles Caldera 6819: 6814: 6809: 6804: 6799: 6794: 6789: 6784: 6779: 6774: 6769: 6764: 6759: 6754: 6749: 6744: 6739: 6734: 6728: 6725: 6724: 6719: 6717: 6716: 6709: 6702: 6694: 6685: 6684: 6677: 6674: 6673: 6671: 6670: 6665: 6660: 6655: 6650: 6645: 6640: 6635: 6630: 6625: 6620: 6615: 6609: 6607: 6578: 6577: 6575: 6574: 6569: 6564: 6562:Sonoran Desert 6559: 6554: 6549: 6544: 6539: 6534: 6532:Pompeys Pillar 6529: 6524: 6519: 6514: 6509: 6504: 6499: 6494: 6489: 6484: 6479: 6474: 6469: 6464: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6439: 6434: 6429: 6423: 6421: 6413: 6412: 6410: 6409: 6404: 6399: 6394: 6389: 6384: 6379: 6374: 6369: 6364: 6359: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6339: 6334: 6328: 6326: 6320: 6319: 6317: 6316: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6241: 6236: 6231: 6229:Rainbow Bridge 6226: 6221: 6216: 6211: 6206: 6201: 6196: 6191: 6186: 6181: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6156: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6094:Freedom Riders 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6054:Fort Frederica 6051: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6016: 6011: 6006: 6001: 5996: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5976: 5974:Castle Clinton 5971: 5966: 5961: 5956: 5951: 5946: 5941: 5936: 5931: 5926: 5921: 5916: 5911: 5906: 5901: 5896: 5891: 5885: 5883: 5877: 5876: 5871: 5869: 5868: 5861: 5854: 5846: 5837: 5836: 5834: 5833: 5825: 5822: 5821: 5816: 5814: 5810: 5809: 5806: 5805: 5803: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5782: 5777: 5772: 5767: 5762: 5757: 5752: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5712: 5707: 5702: 5700:Craig Mountain 5697: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5680:Cartier Slough 5677: 5672: 5667: 5665:Boundary Creek 5662: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5645:Big Cottonwood 5641: 5639: 5629: 5628: 5626: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5578:Massacre Rocks 5575: 5570: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5535: 5530: 5525: 5520: 5515: 5510: 5505: 5500: 5494: 5492: 5483: 5477: 5476: 5473: 5472: 5470: 5469: 5464: 5459: 5454: 5449: 5444: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5414: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5348: 5346: 5340: 5339: 5337: 5336: 5331: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5260: 5258: 5252: 5251: 5249: 5248: 5242: 5240: 5234: 5233: 5231: 5230: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5194: 5192: 5186: 5185: 5183: 5182: 5177: 5171: 5169: 5163: 5162: 5160: 5159: 5153: 5151: 5145: 5144: 5142: 5141: 5136: 5131: 5126: 5121: 5119:Salmon-Challis 5116: 5111: 5106: 5101: 5096: 5091: 5086: 5081: 5076: 5071: 5065: 5063: 5057: 5056: 5054: 5053: 5048: 5042: 5040: 5034: 5033: 5031: 5030: 5025: 5019: 5017: 5011: 5010: 5008: 5007: 5001: 4999: 4997:National Parks 4990: 4984: 4983: 4974: 4972: 4971: 4964: 4957: 4949: 4943: 4942: 4930: 4925: 4924: 4923: 4918: 4903: 4896: 4895: 4894: 4892: 4891:External links 4889: 4888: 4887: 4870: 4849: 4828: 4822: 4809: 4779: 4773: 4760: 4751: 4716: 4680: 4667: 4653:Clark, Ella E. 4631: 4628: 4626: 4625: 4601: 4589: 4565: 4541: 4517: 4493: 4469: 4445: 4421: 4392: 4368: 4344: 4317: 4293: 4269: 4254: 4242: 4225: 4201: 4175: 4151: 4128: 4108: 4089: 4062: 4038: 4014: 3990: 3966: 3939: 3927: 3915: 3898: 3871: 3859: 3826: 3814: 3802: 3790: 3788:, p. 342. 3778: 3755: 3743: 3712: 3688: 3666: 3636: 3621: 3606: 3581: 3557: 3538: 3526: 3502: 3478: 3454: 3430: 3415: 3393: 3370: 3358: 3351: 3330: 3318: 3303: 3286: 3267: 3252: 3231:"USGS website" 3222: 3208: 3194:Clark, Ella E. 3185: 3165: 3146: 3144:, p. 338. 3131: 3109: 3087: 3072: 3055: 3031: 3029:, p. 339. 3016: 3014:, p. 343. 2999: 2997:, p. 340. 2984: 2966: 2954: 2929: 2927:, "Management" 2917: 2902: 2880: 2857: 2855: 2852: 2849: 2848: 2827: 2813: 2799: 2798: 2796: 2793: 2792: 2791: 2786: 2781: 2776: 2771: 2766: 2761: 2755: 2754: 2738: 2735: 2683: 2682: 2672: 2656: 2640:Spatter Cones: 2637: 2614: 2607: 2577: 2553: 2550: 2513: 2510: 2427: 2424: 2315:mountain lions 2274:. Traditional 2235: 2232: 2162: 2161: 2094: 2093: 2078: 2042: 2039: 1979: 1976: 1966: 1963: 1891:explosion pits 1803: 1800: 1751:Edgar Mitchell 1743:impact craters 1739:Apollo program 1683: 1680: 1670: 1633: 1600: 1597: 1570:Israel Russell 1532: 1529: 1462: 1459: 1365: 1362: 1352: 1349: 1345: 1344: 1340: 1339: 1335: 1334: 1331: 1328: 1325: 1322: 1319: 1316: 1313: 1310: 1307: 1304: 1301: 1298: 1295: 1288: 1287: 1284: 1281: 1278: 1275: 1272: 1269: 1266: 1263: 1260: 1257: 1254: 1251: 1248: 1241: 1240: 1235: 1230: 1225: 1220: 1215: 1210: 1205: 1200: 1195: 1190: 1185: 1180: 1175: 1171: 1170: 1165: 1160: 1155: 1150: 1145: 1140: 1135: 1130: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1110: 1105: 1101: 1100: 1095: 1090: 1085: 1080: 1075: 1070: 1065: 1060: 1055: 1050: 1045: 1040: 1035: 1027: 1026: 1021: 1016: 1011: 1006: 1001: 996: 991: 986: 981: 976: 971: 966: 961: 957: 956: 951: 946: 941: 936: 931: 926: 921: 916: 911: 906: 901: 896: 891: 887: 886: 881: 876: 871: 866: 861: 856: 851: 846: 841: 836: 831: 826: 821: 817: 816: 811: 806: 801: 796: 791: 786: 781: 776: 771: 766: 761: 756: 751: 747: 746: 741: 736: 731: 726: 721: 716: 711: 706: 701: 696: 691: 686: 681: 677: 676: 671: 666: 661: 656: 651: 646: 641: 636: 631: 626: 621: 616: 611: 607: 606: 601: 596: 591: 586: 581: 576: 571: 566: 561: 556: 551: 546: 541: 537: 536: 533: 530: 527: 524: 521: 518: 515: 512: 509: 506: 503: 500: 497: 493: 492: 486: 484: 481: 473: 472: 465: 464: 463: 441:Total average 369: 366: 263:. It is along 240: 239: 234: 230: 229: 220: 216: 215: 212: 208: 207: 194: 190: 189: 186: 182: 181: 149: 145: 144: 133: 129: 128: 123:South Central 121: 117: 116: 100: 99: 93: 92: 91: 90: 75: 74: 68: 67: 66: 65: 64: 61: 60: 52: 51: 45: 42: 41: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7037: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7013: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7001: 6998: 6996: 6993: 6991: 6988: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6948: 6946: 6943: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6903: 6901: 6898: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6886: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6876: 6873: 6871: 6868: 6866: 6863: 6861: 6858: 6856: 6853: 6852: 6850: 6843: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6800: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6758: 6755: 6753: 6750: 6748: 6745: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6733: 6730: 6729: 6726: 6722: 6715: 6710: 6708: 6703: 6701: 6696: 6695: 6692: 6682: 6681: 6675: 6669: 6666: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6623:Hanford Reach 6621: 6619: 6618:Castner Range 6616: 6614: 6611: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6601: 6597: 6593: 6588: 6584: 6579: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6565: 6563: 6560: 6558: 6555: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6522:Mojave Trails 6520: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6472:Carrizo Plain 6470: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6457:Browns Canyon 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6424: 6422: 6420: 6414: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6400: 6398: 6395: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6367:Giant Sequoia 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6352:Browns Canyon 6350: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6329: 6327: 6325: 6321: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6304:Walnut Canyon 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6224:Poverty Point 6222: 6220: 6217: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6124:Grand Portage 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6059:Fort Matanzas 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6029:Effigy Mounds 6027: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5967: 5965: 5962: 5960: 5957: 5955: 5952: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5942: 5940: 5937: 5935: 5932: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5887: 5886: 5884: 5882: 5878: 5874: 5867: 5862: 5860: 5855: 5853: 5848: 5847: 5844: 5832: 5831: 5827: 5826: 5823: 5819: 5815: 5811: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5760:Payette River 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5735:McArthur Lake 5733: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5642: 5640: 5638: 5630: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5526: 5524: 5521: 5519: 5516: 5514: 5513:City of Rocks 5511: 5509: 5506: 5504: 5503:Bruneau Dunes 5501: 5499: 5496: 5495: 5493: 5491: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5478: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5349: 5347: 5345: 5341: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5261: 5259: 5257: 5253: 5247: 5244: 5243: 5241: 5239: 5235: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5195: 5193: 5191: 5187: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5173: 5172: 5170: 5168: 5164: 5158: 5155: 5154: 5152: 5150: 5146: 5140: 5139:Wasatch-Cache 5137: 5135: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5089:Coeur d'Alene 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5066: 5064: 5062: 5058: 5052: 5049: 5047: 5044: 5043: 5041: 5039: 5035: 5029: 5028:Nez Perce NHP 5026: 5024: 5021: 5020: 5018: 5016: 5012: 5006: 5003: 5002: 5000: 4998: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4985: 4981: 4977: 4970: 4965: 4963: 4958: 4956: 4951: 4950: 4947: 4941: 4937: 4935: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4913: 4911: 4910: 4906: 4890: 4881:September 14, 4876: 4871: 4859: 4855: 4850: 4843:September 14, 4838: 4834: 4829: 4825: 4819: 4815: 4810: 4799: 4795: 4791: 4787: 4786: 4780: 4776: 4770: 4766: 4761: 4757: 4752: 4741: 4737: 4733: 4729: 4725: 4721: 4717: 4702: 4698: 4691: 4690: 4685: 4681: 4670: 4668:9780806120874 4664: 4660: 4659: 4654: 4650: 4649: 4648: 4646: 4642: 4629: 4615: 4611: 4605: 4602: 4598: 4593: 4590: 4579: 4575: 4569: 4566: 4555: 4551: 4545: 4542: 4531: 4527: 4521: 4518: 4507: 4503: 4497: 4494: 4483: 4479: 4473: 4470: 4459: 4455: 4449: 4446: 4435: 4431: 4425: 4422: 4411: 4407: 4401: 4399: 4397: 4393: 4382: 4378: 4372: 4369: 4358: 4354: 4348: 4345: 4334: 4330: 4324: 4322: 4318: 4307: 4303: 4297: 4294: 4283: 4279: 4273: 4270: 4267:, p. 19. 4266: 4261: 4259: 4255: 4252:, p. 45. 4251: 4246: 4243: 4240:, p. 18. 4239: 4234: 4232: 4230: 4226: 4215: 4211: 4205: 4202: 4197: 4196: 4188: 4186: 4184: 4182: 4180: 4176: 4165: 4161: 4155: 4152: 4147: 4143: 4137: 4135: 4133: 4129: 4124: 4123: 4115: 4113: 4109: 4104: 4100: 4093: 4090: 4079: 4072: 4066: 4063: 4052: 4048: 4042: 4039: 4028: 4024: 4018: 4015: 4004: 4000: 3994: 3991: 3980: 3976: 3970: 3967: 3956: 3952: 3946: 3944: 3940: 3937:, p. 38. 3936: 3931: 3928: 3924: 3919: 3916: 3911: 3910: 3902: 3899: 3888: 3884: 3878: 3876: 3872: 3869:, p. 41. 3868: 3863: 3860: 3849: 3845: 3839: 3837: 3835: 3833: 3831: 3827: 3823: 3818: 3815: 3812:, p. 12. 3811: 3806: 3803: 3800:, p. 29. 3799: 3794: 3791: 3787: 3782: 3779: 3774: 3773: 3764: 3762: 3760: 3756: 3753:, p. 24. 3752: 3747: 3744: 3731: 3727: 3726:Spokesman.com 3723: 3716: 3713: 3702: 3698: 3692: 3689: 3685:. 2017-08-21. 3684: 3680: 3676: 3670: 3667: 3655: 3651: 3647: 3640: 3637: 3633: 3628: 3626: 3622: 3617: 3610: 3607: 3595: 3591: 3585: 3582: 3571: 3567: 3561: 3558: 3550: 3549: 3542: 3539: 3535: 3530: 3527: 3516: 3512: 3506: 3503: 3492: 3488: 3482: 3479: 3468: 3464: 3458: 3455: 3444: 3440: 3434: 3431: 3428:, p. 51. 3427: 3422: 3420: 3416: 3411: 3410: 3402: 3400: 3398: 3394: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3374: 3371: 3367: 3362: 3359: 3354: 3352:9781467108294 3348: 3344: 3337: 3335: 3331: 3328:, p. 50. 3327: 3322: 3319: 3314: 3307: 3304: 3301:, p. 49. 3300: 3295: 3293: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3276: 3271: 3268: 3265:, p. 48. 3264: 3259: 3257: 3253: 3245:September 16, 3240: 3236: 3232: 3226: 3223: 3211: 3209:9780806120874 3205: 3201: 3200: 3195: 3189: 3186: 3181: 3180: 3172: 3170: 3166: 3163:, p. 47. 3162: 3157: 3155: 3153: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3138: 3136: 3132: 3119: 3113: 3110: 3097: 3091: 3088: 3085:, p. 13. 3084: 3079: 3077: 3073: 3070:, p. 35. 3069: 3064: 3062: 3060: 3056: 3045: 3041: 3035: 3032: 3028: 3023: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3008: 3006: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2991: 2989: 2985: 2980: 2973: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2958: 2955: 2943: 2939: 2933: 2930: 2926: 2921: 2918: 2914: 2909: 2907: 2903: 2890: 2884: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2870: 2865: 2863: 2859: 2853: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2836:paleomagnetic 2831: 2828: 2824: 2817: 2814: 2810: 2804: 2801: 2794: 2790: 2787: 2785: 2782: 2780: 2777: 2775: 2772: 2770: 2767: 2765: 2762: 2760: 2757: 2756: 2752: 2741: 2736: 2734: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2713: 2705: 2701: 2699: 2694: 2692: 2688: 2680: 2676: 2673: 2670: 2665: 2660: 2657: 2651: 2645: 2644:Spatter cones 2641: 2638: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2618: 2617:Inferno Cone: 2615: 2611: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2581: 2578: 2574: 2571: 2570: 2569: 2567: 2558: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2542: 2539: 2535: 2529: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2511: 2509: 2505: 2502: 2496: 2494: 2493:trail cameras 2489: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2464: 2460: 2458: 2453: 2452:radio collars 2449: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2425: 2423: 2421: 2420:invertebrates 2417: 2413: 2412:American pika 2409: 2404: 2402: 2397: 2392: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2357: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2326: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2287: 2283: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2252:bighorn sheep 2249: 2245: 2244:Grizzly bears 2241: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2200:annual plants 2197: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2166: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2077:are examples. 2076: 2072: 2068: 2067: 2066: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2040: 2038: 2035: 2031: 2026: 2024: 2019: 2017: 2013: 2007: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1984: 1977: 1971: 1964: 1962: 1960: 1956: 1951: 1949: 1945: 1944:spatter cones 1941: 1937: 1927: 1923: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1881: 1877: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1858: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1843: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1808: 1801: 1799: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1784: 1782: 1778: 1773: 1771: 1767: 1766:national park 1762: 1760: 1756: 1755:Eugene Cernan 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1727: 1725: 1721: 1718:. Along with 1717: 1713: 1708: 1706: 1701: 1697: 1688: 1681: 1679: 1669: 1664: 1662: 1658: 1657: 1650: 1648: 1644: 1632: 1630: 1620: 1616: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1596: 1594: 1590: 1585: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1566: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1553:In 1879, two 1551: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1530: 1528: 1526: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1504: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1479:traveling in 1478: 1471: 1467: 1458: 1455: 1454:Ella E. Clark 1451: 1447: 1446:bighorn sheep 1443: 1439: 1435: 1434:grizzly bears 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1386: 1382: 1381:camas prairie 1378: 1374: 1370: 1369:Paleo-Indians 1363: 1357: 1350: 1341: 1336: 1332: 1329: 1326: 1323: 1320: 1317: 1314: 1311: 1308: 1305: 1302: 1299: 1296: 1289: 1285: 1282: 1279: 1276: 1273: 1270: 1267: 1264: 1261: 1258: 1255: 1252: 1249: 1242: 1236: 1231: 1226: 1221: 1216: 1211: 1206: 1201: 1196: 1191: 1186: 1181: 1176: 1172: 1166: 1161: 1156: 1151: 1146: 1141: 1136: 1131: 1126: 1121: 1116: 1111: 1106: 1102: 1096: 1091: 1086: 1081: 1076: 1071: 1066: 1061: 1056: 1051: 1046: 1041: 1036: 1033: 1032:precipitation 1028: 1022: 1017: 1012: 1007: 1002: 997: 992: 987: 982: 977: 972: 967: 962: 958: 952: 947: 942: 937: 932: 927: 922: 917: 912: 907: 902: 897: 892: 888: 882: 877: 872: 867: 862: 857: 852: 847: 842: 837: 832: 827: 822: 818: 812: 807: 802: 797: 792: 787: 782: 777: 772: 767: 762: 757: 752: 748: 742: 737: 732: 727: 722: 717: 712: 707: 702: 697: 692: 687: 682: 678: 672: 667: 662: 657: 652: 647: 642: 637: 632: 627: 622: 617: 612: 608: 602: 597: 592: 587: 582: 577: 572: 567: 562: 557: 552: 547: 542: 538: 494: 489: 482: 475: 469: 462: 460: 456: 452: 448: 444: 443:precipitation 439: 437: 432: 430: 424: 422: 421:spatter cones 418: 414: 409: 406: 402: 398: 395: 391: 387: 383: 374: 367: 365: 363: 359: 355: 351: 347: 342: 339: 336: 332: 327: 325: 321: 317: 313: 309: 305: 301: 297: 292: 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 262: 258: 254: 250: 246: 238: 235: 231: 228: 224: 221: 217: 213: 209: 195: 187: 183: 178: 150: 146: 142: 137: 134: 126: 122: 97: 72: 62: 58: 53: 48: 47:IUCN category 43: 38: 33: 19: 6842: 6807:Oregon Caves 6751: 6678: 6552:Sand to Snow 6481: 6402:Sand to Snow 6377:Misty Fjords 6362:Chimney Rock 6299:Waco Mammoth 6244:Scotts Bluff 6234:Russell Cave 6199:Oregon Caves 6134:Hohokam Pima 6089:Fossil Butte 6079:Fort Stanwix 6074:Fort Pulaski 6064:Fort McHenry 6019:Devils Tower 6008: 5984:Cedar Breaks 5828: 5765:Pend Oreille 5563:Lake Walcott 5558:Lake Cascade 5528:Eagle Island 5508:Castle Rocks 5392:Duncan Creek 5352:Battle Creek 5314:Owyhee River 5289:Hells Canyon 5273: 5175:Hells Canyon 5045: 5023:Minidoka NHS 4933: 4904: 4879:. Retrieved 4862:. Retrieved 4858:the original 4841:. Retrieved 4837:the original 4813: 4801:. Retrieved 4784: 4764: 4755: 4744:. Retrieved 4723: 4708:. Retrieved 4701:the original 4688: 4674:November 22, 4672:. Retrieved 4657: 4633: 4630:Bibliography 4617:. Retrieved 4613: 4604: 4592: 4581:. Retrieved 4577: 4568: 4557:. Retrieved 4553: 4544: 4533:. Retrieved 4529: 4520: 4509:. Retrieved 4505: 4496: 4485:. Retrieved 4481: 4472: 4461:. Retrieved 4457: 4448: 4437:. Retrieved 4433: 4424: 4413:. Retrieved 4409: 4384:. Retrieved 4380: 4371: 4360:. Retrieved 4356: 4347: 4336:. Retrieved 4332: 4309:. Retrieved 4305: 4296: 4285:. Retrieved 4281: 4272: 4245: 4217:. Retrieved 4213: 4204: 4194: 4167:. Retrieved 4163: 4154: 4145: 4121: 4102: 4099:Park Science 4098: 4092: 4081:. Retrieved 4077: 4065: 4054:. Retrieved 4050: 4041: 4030:. Retrieved 4027:irma.nps.gov 4026: 4017: 4006:. Retrieved 4003:irma.nps.gov 4002: 3993: 3982:. Retrieved 3979:irma.nps.gov 3978: 3969: 3958:. 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Retrieved 2883: 2830: 2816: 2803: 2779:Fissure Vent 2751:Idaho portal 2717: 2710: 2695: 2684: 2674: 2658: 2639: 2616: 2609: 2579: 2572: 2563: 2543: 2530: 2515: 2506: 2497: 2482:such as the 2469: 2429: 2405: 2393: 2358: 2327: 2292: 2237: 2186: 2181: 2177: 2171: 2146:limber pines 2082:scorpionweed 2044: 2027: 2020: 2016:microhabitat 2008: 1989: 1952: 1940:cinder cones 1932: 1887: 1859: 1844: 1813: 1785: 1774: 1763: 1747:Alan Shepard 1737:through the 1733:visited the 1728: 1709: 1705:Carey Kipuka 1693: 1677: 1666: 1654: 1651: 1640: 1626: 1602: 1586: 1567: 1552: 1547: 1534: 1512:Salmon River 1505: 1485:Oregon Trail 1481:wagon trains 1475: 1367: 1034:inches (mm) 440: 433: 425: 410: 394:U.S. Highway 379: 328: 293: 244: 243: 7025:Lava fields 6767:Glacier Bay 6747:Big Thicket 6742:Big Cypress 6432:Avi Kwa Ame 6314:Yucca House 6214:Pipe Spring 6069:Fort Monroe 5944:Camp Nelson 5909:Aztec Ruins 5730:Market Lake 5690:C.J. Strike 5660:Boise River 5598:Priest Lake 5588:Old Mission 5548:Henrys Lake 5490:State Parks 5457:Sheep Creek 5284:Gospel Hump 5005:Yellowstone 4724:www.nps.gov 4614:www.nps.gov 4578:www.nps.gov 4554:www.nps.gov 4530:www.nps.gov 4506:www.nps.gov 4482:www.nps.gov 4458:www.nps.gov 4434:www.nps.gov 4410:www.nps.gov 4381:www.nps.gov 4357:www.nps.gov 4333:www.nps.gov 4306:www.nps.gov 4282:www.nps.gov 4214:wdfw.wa.gov 4146:www.nps.gov 4105:(2): 23–29. 4051:www.nps.gov 3955:www.nps.gov 3848:www.nps.gov 3701:www.blm.gov 3679:darksky.org 3594:www.nps.gov 3570:www.nps.gov 3534:NPS website 3515:www.nps.gov 3443:www.nps.gov 3044:www.nps.gov 2962:Louter 1992 2925:NPS website 2840:radiocarbon 2809:Snake River 2727:snow drifts 2723:snowshoeing 2675:Caves Area: 2659:Tree Molds: 2630:Lemhi Range 2601:, and some 2566:Wildflowers 2538:Douglas fir 2352:, and many 2350:jackrabbits 2330:crepuscular 2264:hibernating 2216:blazingstar 2204:rabbitbrush 2196:germination 2188:Wildflowers 2144:, and even 2090:wirelettuce 2071:dehydration 2051:communities 1957:that shook 1920:pit craters 1916:stalactites 1605:taxidermist 1580:it for the 1497:Snake River 1430:black bears 1410:pine marten 1402:river otter 1377:Snake River 1246:(≥ 0.01 in) 392:. Combined 360:(a type of 331:lava fields 259:in central 200:1924-May-02 193:Established 172: / 160:113°33′46″W 148:Coordinates 6890:Lava tubes 6849:Categories 6782:Lake Clark 6492:Gold Butte 6447:Bears Ears 6342:Bears Ears 6209:Petroglyph 6184:Muir Woods 6144:Jewel Cave 6084:Fort Union 6034:El Malpais 5999:Chiricahua 5785:Sand Creek 5780:St. Maries 5745:Montpelier 5715:Fort Boise 5705:Deer Parks 5675:Carey Lake 5635:Management 5603:Round Lake 5573:Lucky Peak 5543:Hells Gate 5432:Red Canyon 5382:Deep Creek 5319:Pole Creek 5213:Grays Lake 5084:Clearwater 5069:Bitterroot 4864:August 10, 4803:August 24, 4746:2024-03-31 4740:Management 4732:Campground 4710:January 9, 4619:2024-03-30 4583:2024-03-22 4559:2024-03-30 4535:2024-03-21 4511:2024-03-21 4487:2024-03-22 4463:2024-03-22 4439:2024-03-22 4415:2024-03-22 4386:2024-04-12 4362:2024-03-30 4338:2024-03-22 4311:2024-03-22 4287:2024-03-22 4219:2024-03-31 4169:2024-03-31 4083:2024-03-22 4056:2024-03-30 4032:2024-03-21 4008:2024-03-22 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2731:Blizzards 2669:lava lake 2522:mule deer 2512:Mule Deer 2432:migration 2373:chipmunks 2354:songbirds 2334:mule deer 2295:nocturnal 2182:depressum 2118:ice caves 2063:sagebrush 2000:semi-arid 1908:lava tube 1851:rift zone 1824:eruptions 1822:-forming 1759:Joe Engle 1629:Ad Santel 1578:surveying 1574:geologist 1536:U.S. Army 1477:Emigrants 1422:mule deer 459:sagebrush 335:sagebrush 6817:Timucuan 6512:Jurassic 6487:Fort Ord 6387:Newberry 6289:Tuzigoot 6039:El Morro 6024:Dinosaur 6004:Colorado 5939:Cabrillo 5795:Sterling 5770:Portneuf 5750:Mud Lake 5725:Hagerman 5710:Farragut 5633:Wildlife 5538:Harriman 5533:Farragut 5523:Dworshak 5397:Jarbidge 5324:Sawtooth 5223:Minidoka 5218:Kootenai 5180:Sawtooth 5124:Sawtooth 5104:Kootenai 4798:54665106 4655:(1966). 4265:NPS 1991 4250:NPS 1991 4238:NPS 1991 3935:NPS 1991 3923:NPS 1991 3867:NPS 1991 3822:NPS 1991 3810:NPS 1991 3798:NPS 1991 3751:NPS 1991 3730:Archived 3654:Archived 3426:NPS 1991 3366:NPS 1991 3326:NPS 1991 3299:NPS 1991 3278:Archived 3263:NPS 1991 3196:(1966). 3161:NPS 1991 3124:June 16, 3102:June 16, 3083:NPS 1991 3068:NPS 1991 2942:Archived 2913:NPS 1991 2872:Archived 2844:NPS 1991 2823:NPS 1991 2737:See also 2622:basaltic 2595:pahoehoe 2484:Shoshone 2317:, bats, 2299:woodrats 2192:snowmelt 2142:fernbush 2059:junipers 2034:Hawaiian 2023:sunlight 1796:Congress 1712:Congress 1671:— 1647:Minidoka 1634:— 1516:Illinois 1390:squirrel 1169:(205.1) 1030:Average 955:(−23.4) 950:(−20.6) 945:(−15.3) 905:(−13.5) 900:(−18.8) 895:(−20.7) 880:(−13.4) 830:(−12.3) 825:(−13.8) 413:Holocene 350:basaltic 316:Minidoka 211:Visitors 120:Location 6581:Other ( 6309:Wupatki 5740:Montour 5553:Heyburn 5362:Bruneau 5129:St. Joe 5114:Payette 5099:Kaniksu 4988:Federal 4148:. 2022. 3736:7 March 2895:May 13, 2687:Camping 2587:⁄ 2526:drought 2488:Bannock 2459:range. 2396:brumate 2377:lizards 2369:marmots 2361:diurnal 2338:coyotes 2311:bobcats 2272:habitat 2240:rodents 2234:Animals 2134:Syringa 2101:Syringa 2047:species 2030:kīpukas 2012:lichens 2004:climate 1965:Biology 1874:extinct 1870:dormant 1828:hotspot 1820:caldera 1802:Geology 1589:legends 1563:grazing 1483:on the 1442:cougars 1406:raccoon 1394:red fox 1379:to the 1351:History 1199:(0.51) 1149:(0.25) 1134:(0.25) 940:(−8.8) 935:(−1.2) 920:(−0.2) 915:(−3.9) 910:(−8.1) 885:(−3.0) 875:(−9.0) 870:(−2.7) 840:(−3.6) 835:(−7.6) 810:(−8.9) 805:(−3.3) 795:(12.2) 790:(17.4) 785:(18.6) 780:(13.1) 765:(−1.9) 760:(−6.9) 755:(−8.9) 745:(10.9) 740:(−4.4) 730:(12.0) 725:(20.7) 720:(26.6) 715:(27.5) 710:(21.5) 705:(15.9) 700:(10.1) 690:(−1.6) 685:(−4.0) 675:(35.5) 665:(13.9) 660:(23.3) 655:(30.6) 650:(34.2) 645:(35.1) 640:(31.4) 635:(26.8) 630:(21.4) 625:(13.9) 483:Climate 455:drought 326:(BLM). 312:Lincoln 255:in the 233:Website 198: ( 138:(east) 6802:Noatak 6792:Mojave 6777:Katmai 6757:Denali 6194:Navajo 5452:Selway 5442:Salmon 5412:Owyhee 5407:Lochsa 5157:Curlew 4936:(2011) 4820: 4796: 4771: 4728:Nature 4665: 3349: 3206: 2719:Skiing 2634:Tetons 2414:, and 2389:eagles 2387:, and 2381:snakes 2303:skunks 2250:, and 2128:, and 2110:Mosses 2061:, and 2041:Plants 2002:harsh 1948:cinder 1936:silica 1899:basalt 1872:, not 1757:, and 1661:cobalt 1609:tanner 1520:wagons 1506:After 1444:, and 1414:rabbit 1412:, and 1398:coyote 1224:(2.8) 1219:(0.0) 1214:(0.0) 1209:(0.0) 1204:(0.0) 1154:(5.1) 1144:(0.0) 1139:(0.0) 1129:(1.5) 1099:(383) 1025:(−38) 1020:(−38) 1015:(−25) 1010:(−19) 980:(−14) 975:(−22) 970:(−28) 965:(−31) 930:(4.4) 925:(5.7) 865:(3.6) 860:(8.3) 855:(9.6) 850:(4.8) 845:(0.6) 815:(4.0) 800:(4.6) 775:(8.2) 770:(3.2) 735:(2.3) 695:(3.9) 670:(5.8) 620:(7.2) 615:(4.7) 496:Month 447:basalt 338:steppe 318:, and 304:Blaine 143:(west) 6274:Tonto 5813:Other 5637:Areas 5481:State 5462:Snake 5427:Rapid 5203:Camas 5074:Boise 4980:Idaho 4704:(PDF) 4693:(PDF) 4074:(PDF) 3552:(PDF) 2795:Notes 2534:aspen 2501:fence 2385:hawks 2307:foxes 2248:bison 2180:var. 2114:ferns 1992:winds 1613:Boise 1525:ferry 1438:bison 1333:34.7 1286:84.4 1283:10.1 1239:(75) 1234:(39) 1229:(14) 1194:(15) 1189:(56) 1184:(67) 1179:(61) 1164:(58) 1159:(22) 1124:(12) 1119:(14) 1114:(39) 1109:(53) 1097:15.01 1094:(56) 1089:(28) 1084:(33) 1079:(21) 1074:(17) 1069:(11) 1064:(31) 1059:(41) 1054:(29) 1049:(29) 1044:(37) 1039:(50) 1005:(−9) 1000:(−1) 995:(−1) 990:(−4) 985:(−9) 953:−10.1 605:(38) 600:(11) 595:(19) 590:(30) 585:(36) 580:(38) 575:(38) 570:(38) 565:(32) 560:(28) 555:(20) 550:(16) 545:(11) 535:Year 382:Boise 320:Power 308:Butte 285:Carey 277:US 26 273:US 93 271:with 265:US 20 261:Idaho 247:is a 141:Carey 125:Idaho 6604:Army 6600:USAF 6596:NOAA 6592:AFRH 4883:2008 4866:2008 4845:2008 4818:ISBN 4805:2008 4794:OCLC 4769:ISBN 4738:", " 4734:", " 4730:", " 4712:2005 4676:2022 4663:ISBN 3738:2017 3390:(1). 3347:ISBN 3247:2012 3217:2022 3204:ISBN 3126:2023 3104:2023 2897:2012 2838:and 2721:and 2536:and 2486:and 2323:owls 2260:bats 2158:seed 2112:and 2032:, a 1996:soil 1912:cave 1884:ago. 1862:USGS 1814:The 1735:Moon 1731:NASA 1593:Moon 1555:Arco 1508:gold 1330:8.8 1327:4.4 1324:0.9 1321:0.1 1318:0.0 1315:0.0 1312:0.1 1309:0.6 1306:1.8 1303:3.5 1300:6.6 1297:7.9 1280:7.3 1277:6.4 1274:4.7 1271:4.5 1268:3.6 1265:7.2 1262:9.2 1259:7.9 1256:7.0 1253:7.4 1250:9.1 1237:29.4 1232:15.5 1187:22.1 1182:26.5 1177:23.9 1167:80.3 1162:22.9 1112:15.3 1107:20.8 1092:2.19 1087:1.12 1082:1.29 1077:0.83 1072:0.65 1067:0.43 1062:1.21 1057:1.62 1052:1.13 1047:1.13 1042:1.45 1037:1.96 948:−5.1 938:16.1 933:29.8 928:40.0 923:42.2 918:31.7 913:25.0 908:17.4 898:−1.9 893:−5.3 883:26.7 873:15.8 868:27.1 863:38.4 858:47.0 853:49.3 848:40.6 843:33.0 838:25.5 833:18.3 813:39.1 808:16.0 803:26.0 798:40.3 793:53.9 788:63.4 783:65.4 778:55.6 773:46.8 768:37.8 763:28.6 758:19.5 753:16.0 743:51.6 738:24.1 733:36.2 728:53.6 723:69.3 718:79.8 713:81.5 708:70.7 703:60.7 698:50.2 693:39.0 688:29.1 683:24.8 673:95.9 668:42.4 663:57.1 658:74.0 653:87.0 648:93.5 643:95.2 638:88.6 633:80.3 628:70.6 623:57.1 618:45.0 613:40.4 532:Dec 529:Nov 526:Oct 523:Sep 520:Aug 517:Jul 514:Jun 511:May 508:Apr 505:Mar 502:Feb 499:Jan 384:and 362:cave 346:rift 283:and 281:Arco 275:and 251:and 225:and 185:Area 136:Arco 6587:DOE 6583:FWS 4978:of 2599:a'a 2198:of 1779:by 1418:elk 1227:5.5 1222:1.1 1217:0.0 1212:0.0 1207:0.0 1202:0.0 1197:0.2 1192:5.8 1157:8.5 1152:2.0 1147:0.1 1142:0.0 1137:0.0 1132:0.1 1127:0.6 1122:4.6 1117:5.4 1023:−37 1018:−37 1013:−13 968:−19 963:−24 943:4.5 903:7.7 878:7.8 828:9.9 823:7.1 603:101 578:100 573:101 568:100 6851:: 6602:, 6598:, 6594:, 6585:, 4722:. 4695:. 4647:. 4612:. 4576:. 4552:. 4528:. 4504:. 4480:. 4456:. 4432:. 4408:. 4395:^ 4379:. 4355:. 4331:. 4320:^ 4304:. 4280:. 4257:^ 4228:^ 4212:. 4178:^ 4162:. 4144:. 4131:^ 4111:^ 4103:21 4101:. 4076:. 4049:. 4025:. 4001:. 3977:. 3953:. 3942:^ 3885:. 3874:^ 3846:. 3829:^ 3758:^ 3724:. 3699:. 3681:. 3677:. 3652:. 3648:. 3624:^ 3592:. 3568:. 3513:. 3489:. 3465:. 3441:. 3418:^ 3396:^ 3388:32 3386:. 3382:. 3333:^ 3289:^ 3255:^ 3233:. 3168:^ 3149:^ 3134:^ 3075:^ 3058:^ 3042:. 3019:^ 3002:^ 2987:^ 2969:^ 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Knowledge (XXG)

Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve

Index