789:
906:. Red Storm was to become the jumping-off point for a string of successful products that eventually revitalized Cray in supercomputing. Red Storm had processors clustered in 96 unit cabinets, a theoretical maximum of 300 cabinets in a machine, and a design speed of 41.5 teraflops. Red Storm also included an innovative new design for network interconnects, which was dubbed SeaStar and destined to be the centerpiece of succeeding innovations by Cray. The
536:
47:
2768:
2569:
3019:
221:
204:
187:
170:
153:
2555:
1022:
940:, boards, cabinets, and system software used by the comparatively higher volume XT4 product, the cost of making the very specialized MTA system could be reduced. A second generation of the XMT is scheduled for release in 2011, with the first system ordered by the Swiss National Supercomputing Center (CSCS).
499:
were developed on the original Cray-1 architecture but achieved much greater performance via multiple additional processors, faster clocks, and wider vector pipes. The uncertainty of the Cray-2 project gave rise to a number of Cray-object-code compatible "Crayette" firms: Scientific
Computer Systems
1129:, a California-based privately held developer of advanced scalable supercomputing solutions. As of 2012 the #3 provider on the Top100 supercomputer list, Appro builds some of the world's most advanced high performance computing (HPC) cluster systems. In 2012, Cray also opened a subsidiary in China.
1033:
supercomputer was announced. The Cray XE6 system had at its core the new Gemini system interconnect. This new interconnect included a true global-address space and represented a return to the T3E feature set that had been so successful with Cray
Research. This product was a successful follow-on to
411:
became scarce. When he was told the project would have to be put "on hold" in 1972, Cray left to form his own company, Cray
Research, Inc. Copying the previous arrangement, Cray kept the research and development facilities in Chippewa Falls, and put the business headquarters in
2415:
754:
architecture. The SN2 was originally intended to unify all high-end/supercomputer product lines including the T90 into a single architecture. This goal was never achieved before SGI divested itself of the Cray business, and the SN2 name was later associated with the
598:
Most sites with a Cray installation were considered members of the "exclusive club" of Cray operators. Cray computers were considered quite prestigious because Crays were extremely expensive machines, and the number of units sold was small compared to ordinary
928:
processors and utilized a second generation SeaStar2 communication coprocessor. It also included an option for FPGA chips to be plugged directly into processor sockets, unlike the Cray XD1, which required a dedicated socket for the FPGA coprocessor.
851:. Cray was sued in 2002 by Isothermal Systems Research for patent infringement. The suit claimed that Cray used ISR's patented technology in the development of the Cray X1. The lawsuit was settled in 2003. As of November 2004, the
693:. In spite of these machines being some of the most powerful available when applied to appropriate workloads, Cray was never very successful in this market, possibly due to it being so foreign to its existing market niche.
400:
571:
took over the 1980s high performance market. At first, Cray
Research denigrated such approaches by complaining that developing software to effectively use the machines was difficult – a true complaint in the era of the
420:
supercomputer, was a major success because it was significantly faster than all other computers at the time. The first system was sold within a month for $ 8.8 million. Seymour Cray continued working, this time on the
504:, and perhaps one other firm. These firms did not intend to compete against Cray and therefore attempted less expensive, slower CMOS versions of the X-MP with the release of the COS operating system (SCS) and the CFT
1097:, after IBM had pulled out of the delivery. This system was delivered in 2012 and was the largest system to date, in terms of cabinets and general-purpose x86 processors, that Cray had ever delivered.
951:, used a common interconnect network (SeaStar2), programming environment, cabinet design, and I/O subsystem. These systems included the existing XT4 and the XMT. The second generation, launched as the
576:, but becoming less so each day. Cray eventually realized that the approach was likely the only way forward and started a five-year project to capture the lead in this area: the plan's result was the
1060:
hybrid supercomputer. The Cray XK6 system, capable of scaling to 500,000 processors and 50 petaflops of peak performance, combines Cray's Gemini interconnect, AMD's multi-core scalar processors, and
1100:
In
November 2011, the Cray Sonexion 1300 Data Storage System was introduced and signaled Cray's entry into the high performance storage business. This product used modular technology and a
855:
had a maximum measured performance of 5.9 teraflops, being the 29th fastest supercomputer in the world. Since then the X1 has been superseded by the X1E, with faster dual-core processors.
910:
massively parallel supercomputer became a commercialized version of Red Storm, similar in many respects to the earlier T3E architecture, but, like the XD1, using AMD Opteron processors.
2416:"Hewlett Packard Enterprise wins $ 160M+ contract to power one of the world's fastest supercomputers based in Finland to bolster Europe's research in science and unlock economic growth"
513:
1522:
727:
range of servers. SGI used several Cray technologies in its attempt to move from the graphics workstation market into supercomputing. Key among these was the use of the Cray-developed
936:, based on the MTA series of machines. This system combined multi-threaded processors, as used on the original Tera systems, and the SeaStar2 interconnect used by the XT4. By reusing
1042:
from vendors such as Intel and Nvidia. Cascade was scheduled to be introduced in early 2013 and designed to use the next-generation network chip and follow-on to Gemini, code named
2297:
1145:
1984:
734:
and details of the interconnects used in the T3 series. SGI's long-term strategy was to merge its high-end server line with Cray's product lines in two phases, code-named
379:(CDC). He initially worked out of the CDC headquarters in Minneapolis, but grew upset by constant interruptions by managers. He eventually set up a lab in his hometown of
4369:
4419:
4394:
4374:
2251:
4384:
4379:
1168:
955:, allowed a system to combine compute elements of various types into a common system, sharing infrastructure. The XT5h combined Opteron, vector, multithreaded, and
1605:
1274:
1094:
2441:
2118:
3760:
468:) resulted in poor sales prospects. Ultimately, only one Cray-3 was delivered, and a number of follow-on designs were never completed. The company filed for
2397:
895:
405 processors which can add to the already considerable power of a single node. The Cray XD1, although moderately successful, was eventually discontinued.
308:(which have been converted to Hewlett Packard Enterprise offices), and numerous other sales, service, engineering, and R&D locations around the world.
646:) which started to sell in reasonable numbers in 1991–92—to mostly smaller companies, notably in the oil exploration business. This line evolved into the
3900:
997:
1680:
1122:
In April 2012, Cray announced the sale of its interconnect hardware development program and related intellectual property to Intel for $ 140 million.
2188:
1749:
1053:, a rack-mounted system with a choice of compute-based, GPU-based, or SMP-based chassis. The CX1 and CX1000 product lines were sold until late 2011.
2671:
917:
was appointed CEO. Ungaro had joined Cray in August 2003 as Vice
President of Sales and Marketing and had been made Cray's President in March 2005.
3842:
2081:
2017:"Press Release | Cray CX1000 Supercomputer Now Available With the New Intel Xeon Processor 7500 Series | Cray Investors: Press Releases"
1507:
937:
4389:
4364:
2324:
2170:
1819:
603:. This perception extended to countries as well: to boost the perception of exclusivity, Cray Research's marketing department had promotional
4414:
3457:
4399:
891:
designs and could augment the processing or input/output capabilities of the
Opteron processors. Furthermore, each FPGA contains a pair of
1343:
4404:
3954:
2471:
2301:
2060:
840:
162:
1902:
1119:. However, in 2022, the Cray Fortran compiler still supported OpenACC, in part due to its usage in the ICON climate simulation code.
2536:
2509:
1195:
1991:
1275:"Press Release | Cray Inc. Reports 2017 Full Year and Fourth Quarter Financial Results | Cray Investors: Press Releases"
3857:
1171:(NOAA) inaugurated the nation’s newest weather and climate supercomputers, two HPE Cray supercomputers installed and operated by
1849:
1927:
1001:
357:
2041:
1369:
1018:
in
October 2010. It was the first system to exceed a sustained performance of 1 petaflops on a 64-bit scientific application.
614:(as opposed to superminis) during the late 1980s and early 1990s, which out-competed low-end Cray machines in the market. The
3927:
3893:
3847:
3577:
2601:
2521:
682:
480:
444:, in 1979, which closed in 1982; undaunted, Cray later headed a similar spin-off in 1989, Cray Computer Corporation (CCC) in
4068:
1625:
4118:
1482:
Mallor, Jim (January 3, 1992). "Cray
Research names manager of new subsidiary – Floating Point Systems' Martin Buchanan".
1215:
848:
577:
548:
2619:
1763:
2962:
2664:
2227:
2016:
1282:
903:
879:. This system was previously known as the OctigaBay 12K before Cray's acquisition of that company. The XD1 provided one
529:
433:
2449:
3452:
1072:
which supports the Nvidia Kepler GPGPU and announced that the ORNL Jaguar system would be upgraded to an XK7 (renamed
2597:
Cray-History.net a comprehensive site with history of machines, sales documents, Cray
Channels magazine and FAQ notes
1871:
289:. It also manufactures systems for data storage and analytics. Several Cray supercomputer systems are listed in the
4206:
3852:
3193:
3156:
3129:
2987:
2401:
1253:
1138:
674:
638:, but the machine proved problematic; meanwhile, the not-yet-completed S-2, a Y-MP clone, was later offered as the
445:
336:
278:
244:
1963:
1160:. The contract, worth €144.5 million, is for an HPE Cray EX system, with a theoretical maximum performance of 550
4409:
3995:
3886:
2442:"LUMI: a new EuroHPC world-class supercomputer in Finland | European High Performance Computer Joint Undertaking"
1249:
1126:
670:
380:
297:
1034:
the XT3, XT4 and XT5 products. The first multi-cabinet XE6 system was shipped in July 2010. The next generation
812:. This was not a commercial success and shipped to only two customers. Cray Inc. also unsuccessfully badged the
4288:
1793:
986:
623:
509:
376:
1563:
816:
supercomputer as the Cray SX-6 and acquired exclusive rights to sell the SX-6 in the US, Canada, and Mexico.
3437:
2657:
1684:
1645:
1468:
982:
872:
552:
130:
4273:
4268:
4154:
4010:
1922:
1503:
1484:
1006:
866:
839:
concept originated during the SGI years. In May 2004, Cray was announced to be one of the partners in the
658:
413:
305:
4031:
4020:
3473:
3176:
2844:
1660:
1423:
1074:
899:
797:
777:
361:
329:
92:
31:
1448:
773:, was launched. This was a clustered SMP vector processor architecture, developed from J90 technology.
479:
Cray Research continued development along a separate line of computers, originally with lead designer
3521:
3442:
3335:
3325:
3270:
2501:
1706:
1101:
724:
2349:
2275:
4231:
3121:
2611:
1845:
1823:
1610:
1527:
1409:
1395:
1078:) and capable of over 20 petaflops. Titan was the world's fastest supercomputer as measured by the
407:
When CDC ran into financial difficulties in the late 1960s, development funds for Cray's follow-on
286:
113:
2207:"HPC_Guru tweet: Cray's views on #OpenACC vs #OpenMP - John Levesque at the PPP meeting in Denver"
2138:
3027:
2574:
2061:"Cray XK6 supercomputer smashes petaflop record, humbly calls itself a 'general-purpose' machine"
1310:
1039:
828:
619:
600:
544:
1543:
966:
announced they would collaborate on future supercomputer systems. This partnership produced the
788:
311:
In 1972, the company's predecessor, Cray Research, Inc. (CRI), was founded by computer designer
1347:
1305:
607:
made with a mosaic of tiny national flags illustrating the "club of Cray-operating countries".
591:
series, which left Cray as the only remaining supercomputer vendor in the market besides NEC's
4183:
4050:
3979:
3694:
3483:
3040:
2532:
2505:
1584:
634:
implementation of the X-MP processor. Cray purchased Supertek in 1990 and sold the S-1 as the
611:
437:
887:) with each node of four Opteron processors. The FPGAs could be configured to embody various
719:
In May 1996, SGI sold the Superservers business to Sun. Sun then turned the UltraSPARC-based
4201:
3921:
3795:
2955:
2560:
2171:"Cray Sonexion 1300 Launched - Scalable Lustre Storage System [Supercomputing 2011]"
1172:
1111:
parallel programming standard organization. In 2019, Cray announced that it was deprecating
888:
824:
713:
678:
568:
453:
332:
purchased the Cray Research Inc. business from SGI and adopted the name of its acquisition.
322:
213:
2099:
1164:. Once fully operational, LUMI will become one of the fastest supercomputers in the world.
535:
318:
In 1989, Seymour Cray formed Cray Computer Corporation (CCC), which went bankrupt in 1995.
4221:
4191:
4108:
3536:
3171:
3053:
3035:
2971:
2496:
The Supermen: The Story of Seymour Cray and the Technical Wizards behind the Supercomputer
2206:
1568:
1232:
751:
743:
615:
592:
2152:
4278:
4103:
3959:
3862:
3826:
3780:
3620:
3368:
3363:
3068:
3063:
3048:
239:
2189:"NVIDIA, Cray, PGI, CAPS Unveil 'OpenACC' Programming Standard for Parallel Computing"
432:
Cray soon left the CEO position to become an independent contractor. He started a new
4359:
4353:
4216:
4196:
4093:
3964:
3949:
3867:
3785:
3775:
3770:
3689:
3529:
3447:
3417:
3412:
3058:
3008:
2929:
2924:
1729:
457:
282:
141:
1640:
4005:
3766:
3699:
3255:
3181:
3003:
2767:
2720:
1907:
1734:
1665:
1462:
1373:
971:
914:
731:
473:
383:, about 85 miles to the east. Cray had a string of successes at CDC, including the
353:
312:
301:
126:
103:
2494:
1820:"Cray's new systems Black Widow and Eldorado on schedule for availability in 2007"
618:
series, as well as a number of small-scale parallel machines from companies like
4338:
4078:
4058:
3969:
3944:
3800:
3661:
3572:
3551:
3493:
3402:
3381:
3305:
3300:
3209:
3092:
3074:
2948:
2894:
2818:
1090:
1050:
801:
690:
662:
461:
2568:
742:(SN standing for "Scalable Node"). The SN1 was intended to replace the T3E and
46:
4247:
4226:
4088:
4063:
3737:
3641:
3625:
3593:
3541:
3488:
3407:
3397:
3310:
3250:
2839:
2787:
2550:
1771:
809:
766:
In October 1996, founder Seymour Cray died as a result of a traffic accident.
701:
697:
469:
179:
57:
2634:
2621:
17:
4169:
4164:
4128:
4113:
3974:
3816:
3790:
3669:
3646:
3588:
3567:
3330:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2813:
2732:
2710:
2700:
2528:
1176:
1161:
1025:
Cray stand at the 2018 Supercomputing Conference SC18 in Dallas, Texas, USA.
1015:
979:
686:
643:
639:
580:
573:
488:
484:
426:
375:
In 1960, he left the company, a few years after former ERA employees set up
2252:"The Good, the Ugly and the Bad: What We Learned from Porting ICON to GPUs"
3651:
3018:
2082:"Inside the Titan Supercomputer: 299K AMD x86 Cores and 18.6K NVIDIA GPUs"
4333:
4211:
4123:
4098:
4073:
4039:
3742:
3729:
3724:
3704:
3684:
3656:
3615:
3373:
3260:
3219:
3188:
2904:
2899:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2834:
2808:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2727:
2715:
2612:
Historic Cray Research Marketing Materials at the Computer History Museum
2065:
1879:
1083:
1069:
1057:
1030:
993:
967:
952:
933:
921:
907:
859:
813:
770:
651:
647:
635:
627:
588:
584:
501:
496:
492:
465:
408:
388:
384:
365:
1942:
1144:
In October 2020, HPE was awarded the contract to build the pre-exascale
4318:
4308:
4142:
3821:
3679:
3674:
3582:
3320:
3315:
3235:
2982:
2849:
2371:
2123:
1489:
1157:
1153:
1112:
1108:
1079:
1011:
925:
892:
869:
852:
820:
604:
505:
460:
in computing. However, the changing political climate (collapse of the
2472:"U.S. supercomputers for weather and climate forecasts get major bump"
1238:. United States Securities and Exchange Commission. February 19, 2015.
1221:. United States Securities and Exchange Commission. February 19, 2015.
1201:. United States Securities and Exchange Commission. February 13, 2014.
1014:
benchmark at the speed of 1.75 petaflops until being surpassed by the
673:
machines scaled up to 64 processors and ran a modified version of the
4313:
4283:
4146:
4083:
3512:
3214:
2792:
2782:
2705:
2695:
2192:
2103:
1947:
1641:"Tera Computer Will Acquire Cray In Surprise Bid to Rebuild Industry"
1589:
1329:
1116:
1061:
880:
863:
564:
449:
422:
417:
369:
290:
1797:
1021:
924:
added support for DDR2 memory, newer dual-core and future quad-core
3878:
1306:"Could a 'Moneyball' approach help VCs improve their success rate?"
30:
This article is about the supercomputer brand. For other uses, see
4159:
4138:
3598:
3478:
2940:
2100:"Oak Ridge Claims No. 1 Position on Latest TOP500 List with Titan"
1089:
In 2011 Cray also announced it had been awarded the $ 188 million
1065:
1020:
963:
876:
844:
787:
760:
728:
666:
560:
556:
534:
399:
398:
196:
2649:
2606:
970:
system, launched in September the same year. This was a deskside
808:
After the Tera merger, the Tera MTA system was relaunched as the
4298:
4293:
4263:
3546:
3284:
2475:
2119:"Cray wins $ 188 million deal to build supercomputer, shares up"
1968:
1548:
1149:
992:
By 2009, the largest computer system Cray had delivered was the
975:
956:
884:
631:
525:
521:
517:
3882:
2944:
2653:
4328:
4323:
4303:
1004:. This system, with over 224,000 processing cores, was dubbed
2422:. Hewlett Packard Enterprise Development LP. October 21, 2020
2398:"HPE completes acquisition of supercomputing leader Cray Inc"
1903:"If they mated: Intel and Cray to conceive x86 Linux monster"
1010:
and was the fastest computer in the world as measured by the
723:
project then under development into the extremely successful
472:
in 1995. CCC's remains then became Cray's final corporation,
293:, which ranks the most powerful supercomputers in the world.
80:
Cray Research, Inc. (current corporate entity founded in 1987
2596:
2325:"Cray To Sell Interconnect Hardware Biz To Intel For $ 140M"
2298:"Cray Agrees to Sell Interconnect Hardware Assets to Intel"
843:'s fastest-computer-in-the-world project to build a 50 tera
769:
In 1998, under SGI ownership, one new Cray model line, the
425:, though it ended up being only marginally faster than the
395:
Cray Research Inc. and Cray Computer Corporation: 1972–1996
2276:"Cray, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date Apr 25, 2012"
2139:"Cray, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date Nov 14, 2011"
1846:"CSCS Orders First Next-Generation Cray XMT Supercomputer"
1750:"Cray Appoints Peter J. Ungaro as Chief Executive Officer"
1410:"Cray, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date Apr 17, 2000"
1038:
systems were designed make use of future multicore and/or
681:. Cray set up Cray Research Superservers, Inc. (later the
2350:"Cray, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date Nov 9, 2012"
1344:"Where We Are & What We Do: Locations & Products"
1325:
2589:
2042:"Cray launches new supercomputer, starting at $ 100,000"
1523:"SILICON GRAPHICS TO ACQUIRE CRAY IN $ 740 MILLION DEAL"
862:
range of entry-level supercomputers which use dual-core
514:
United States Department of Energy national laboratories
1794:"Cray Inc., The Supercomputer Company – Products – XMT"
1626:"SGI UNVEILS CRAY SV1 SERIES VECTOR SUPERCOMPUTER LINE"
1125:
On November 9, 2012, Cray announced the acquisition of
932:
On November 13, 2006, Cray announced a new system, the
657:
In December 1991, Cray purchased some of the assets of
524:), before joining the broader trend toward adoption of
304:, was born and raised. The company also has offices in
1964:"Jaguar supercomputer races past Roadrunner in Top500"
1133:
Subsidiary of Hewlett Packard Enterprise: 2019–present
819:
In 2002, Cray Inc. announced its first new model, the
610:
New vendors introduced small supercomputers, known as
1923:"Oak Ridge 'Jaguar' Supercomputer is World's Fastest"
1683:. spokesmanreview.com. April 16, 2003. Archived from
974:
system, comprising up to 16 dual- or quad-core Intel
2117:
Sharma, Himank; Prasad, Sakthi (November 14, 2011).
1210:
1208:
943:
In 2006, Cray announced a vision of products dubbed
356:
began working in the computing field when he joined
255:
4256:
4240:
4182:
4137:
4049:
4030:
4019:
3988:
3937:
3914:
3835:
3809:
3753:
3717:
3634:
3608:
3560:
3511:
3502:
3466:
3430:
3390:
3352:
3293:
3269:
3243:
3234:
3202:
3164:
3155:
3144:
3083:
3026:
2996:
2827:
2801:
2775:
2688:
1872:"Cray's Adaptive Supercomputing – A Paradigm Shift"
1504:"CRAY COMPUTER CORP FORM 10-Q DATED SEPT. 30, 1995"
947:. The first generation of such systems, dubbed the
661:, another minisuper vendor that had moved into the
250:
238:
228:
211:
194:
177:
160:
147:
137:
120:
109:
99:
63:
53:
2520:
2493:
1370:"Worldwide Sales and Service: Contact Information"
800:, featuring a portrait of German computer pioneer
1985:"Thinking Ahead: Future Architectures from Cray"
712:In February 1996, Cray Research was acquired by
1681:"Local tech company claims patent infringement"
1585:"Sun's Purchase Of Cray's Unix Server Business"
1449:"World's Fastest Supercomputer Runs SUSE Linux"
1169:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1068:processors. In October 2012 Cray announced the
626:were particularly popular. One such vendor was
1141:(HPE) acquired the company for $ 1.3 billion.
858:On October 4, 2004, the company announced the
3894:
2956:
2665:
883:Virtex II Pro field-programmable gate array (
528:. Today, Cray OS is a specialized version of
8:
1175:(GDIT). Each supercomputer operates at 12.1
429:, developed by another team at the company.
39:
2523:Unmatched : 50 years of Supercomputing
2372:"Supercomputer maker Cray expands in China"
2153:"Cray enters the integrated storage market"
4027:
3901:
3887:
3879:
3508:
3387:
3240:
3161:
3152:
3017:
2963:
2949:
2941:
2672:
2658:
2650:
1822:. Hoise.com. June 29, 2006. Archived from
1752:(Press release). Cray Inc. August 8, 2005.
1564:"Sun buys Cray unit: Sun Microsystems Inc"
1095:University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
998:National Center for Computational Sciences
452:project—the first attempt at major use of
296:Cray manufactures its products in part in
45:
38:
1521:Corcoran, Elizabeth (February 27, 1996).
1396:"Cray, Form S-3, Filing Date Jan 6, 2003"
1233:"CRAY INC 2014 Annual Report Form (10-K)"
1216:"CRAY INC 2015 Annual Report Form (10-K)"
1196:"CRAY INC 2013 Annual Report Form (10-K)"
4370:Manufacturing companies based in Seattle
2602:Cray Manuals Library @ Computing History
1086:in 2013, which is substantially faster.
1082:benchmark until the introduction of the
1049:In early 2010, Cray also introduced the
4420:Hewlett Packard Enterprise acquisitions
4395:Computer companies of the United States
4375:Companies formerly listed on the Nasdaq
1508:U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
1187:
959:compute processors in a single system.
831:supercomputer. Previously known as the
321:In 1996, Cray Research was acquired by
4385:American companies established in 1972
4380:Computer companies established in 1972
2080:Shimpi, Anand Lal (October 31, 2012).
1542:CROTHERS, BROOKE (February 26, 1996).
1424:"HPE is buying Cray for $ 1.3 billion"
835:, the X1 is the result of the earlier
630:, whose S-1 machine was an air-cooled
1464:Cray-1 Supercomputer 30th Anniversary
708:Silicon Graphics ownership: 1996–2000
335:In 2019, the company was acquired by
7:
2616:Cray headquarters is at coordinates
1606:"COMPUTER PIONEER SEYMOUR CRAY DIES"
1604:Pearson, Richard (October 6, 1996).
1544:"SGI buys supercomputer vendor Cray"
1304:Kardashian, Kirk (August 5, 2015).
776:On March 2, 2000, Cray was sold to
508:compiler; they also considered the
416:. The company's first product, the
328:In 2000, Cray Inc. was formed when
27:American supercomputer manufacturer
1709:. bizjournals.com. August 21, 2003
841:United States Department of Energy
25:
436:technology lab for the Cray-2 in
364:. There, he helped to create the
2766:
2567:
2553:
1962:Ogg, Erica (November 16, 2009).
1728:Leyden, John (October 5, 2004).
1492: nbyt000020020615do1300048.
368:. ERA eventually became part of
220:
219:
203:
202:
186:
185:
169:
168:
152:
151:
2323:Savitz, Eric (April 24, 2012).
1928:Oak Ridge National Laboratories
1730:"Cray comes to market with XD1"
1002:Oak Ridge National Laboratories
512:operating system, developed at
500:(SCS), American Supercomputer,
358:Engineering Research Associates
266:Footnotes / references
3928:Silicon Graphics International
2059:Buckley, Sean (May 25, 2011).
1901:Stokes, Jon (April 29, 2008).
780:, which was renamed Cray Inc.
689:, later replacing it with the
683:Cray Business Systems Division
487:. After Chen's departure, the
372:, and began to be phased out.
285:manufacturer headquartered in
1:
4390:1995 initial public offerings
4365:2019 mergers and acquisitions
2607:Cray Manuals at bitsavers.org
2228:"HPE COMPILER GPU OFFLOADING"
1707:"Cray settles patent lawsuit"
1661:"Cray flogs X1 supercomputer"
1583:DiCarlo, Lisa (May 6, 2002).
849:Oak Ridge National Laboratory
746:systems and later became the
685:) to sell this system as the
669:-based Model 500 line. These
578:Digital Equipment Corporation
549:Thinking Machines Corporation
4415:Hewlett-Packard acquisitions
1639:Clark, Don (March 2, 2000).
1326:"TOP500 Supercomputer Sites"
1250:"High Performance Computing"
1056:In 2011, Cray announced the
904:Sandia National Laboratories
898:In 2004, Cray completed the
530:SUSE Linux Enterprise Server
434:Very Large Scale Integration
4400:Computer hardware companies
2492:Murray, Charles J. (1997).
1107:In 2011, Cray launched the
784:Post-Tera merger: 2000–2019
82:; 37 years ago
69:; 52 years ago
4436:
4405:Computer systems companies
3015:
2988:Hewlett Packard Enterprise
2802:Cray Research Superservers
2420:Hewlett Packard Enterprise
2402:Hewlett Packard Enterprise
1796:. Cray.com. Archived from
1628:. HPC Wire. June 19, 1998.
1372:. Cray Inc. Archived from
1346:. Cray Inc. Archived from
1254:Hewlett Packard Enterprise
1139:Hewlett Packard Enterprise
704:bankruptcy in March 1995.
446:Colorado Springs, Colorado
337:Hewlett Packard Enterprise
279:Hewlett Packard Enterprise
245:Hewlett Packard Enterprise
29:
2978:
2764:
1167:On June 28, 2022, the US
1127:Appro International, Inc.
716:(SGI) for $ 740 million.
671:symmetric multiprocessing
448:, where he worked on the
381:Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin
298:Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin
264:
44:
3391:Photography and printing
987:Red Hat Enterprise Linux
978:processors, with either
962:In April 2008, Cray and
920:Introduced in 2006, the
873:central processing units
624:Alliant Computer Systems
539:Cray T3E processor board
510:Cray Time Sharing System
377:Control Data Corporation
4069:Indigo² and Challenge M
3453:Systems Insight Manager
3438:Colorado Memory Systems
1943:"TOP500: November 2009"
1646:The Wall Street Journal
1469:Computer History Museum
1137:On September 25, 2019,
983:Windows HPC Server 2008
945:Adaptive Supercomputing
792:Cray-designed HLRN-III
553:Kendall Square Research
4011:Wavefront Technologies
2519:Barkai, David (2023).
1485:Newsbytes News Network
1026:
867:Advanced Micro Devices
823:combined architecture
805:
677:operating system from
659:Floating Point Systems
540:
404:
306:Bloomington, Minnesota
224:$ 343.3 million (2018)
207:$ 517.1 million (2018)
190:-$ 71.6 million (2018)
173:-$ 74.2 million (2018)
156:$ 455.9 million (2018)
3761:List of HP executives
2502:John Wiley & Sons
2404:. September 25, 2019.
1471:. September 21, 2006.
1024:
798:Zuse Institute Berlin
791:
778:Tera Computer Company
696:CCC was building the
538:
402:
362:Saint Paul, Minnesota
348:Background: 1950–1972
330:Tera Computer Company
300:, where its founder,
93:Tera Computer Company
32:Cray (disambiguation)
4257:Related technologies
4119:Origin and Onyx 3000
3443:Indigo Digital Press
3354:Consumer electronics
2635:47.6060°N 122.3320°W
2446:eurohpc-ju.europa.eu
2195:. November 14, 2011.
2177:. November 16, 2011.
2159:. November 14, 2011.
2106:. December 11, 2012.
1951:. November 17, 2009.
1931:. November 16, 2009.
1826:on February 17, 2012
1764:"products/xt4/index"
1669:. November 15, 2002.
725:Sun Enterprise 10000
642:(later becoming the
403:Cray-2 supercomputer
4289:Interactive Desktop
4232:Reality Coprocessor
2776:Cray Computer Corp.
2631: /
2378:. February 23, 2012
1997:on December 3, 2007
1882:on October 24, 2007
1800:on February 5, 2012
1611:The Washington Post
1528:The Washington Post
1115:, and will support
1040:manycore processors
913:On August 8, 2005,
763:3000 architecture.
650:and eventually the
464:and the end of the
339:for $ 1.3 billion.
287:Seattle, Washington
230:Number of employees
114:Seattle, Washington
41:
4155:Visual Workstation
2640:47.6060; -122.3320
2575:Electronics portal
2141:. secdatabase.com.
2046:DatacenterDynamics
2021:investors.cray.com
1451:. January 7, 2023.
1412:. secdatabase.com.
1398:. secdatabase.com.
1350:on January 3, 2020
1279:investors.cray.com
1102:Lustre file system
1093:contract with the
1027:
829:massively parallel
806:
700:when it went into
620:Pyramid Technology
612:minisupercomputers
545:massively parallel
541:
474:SRC Computers, Inc
405:
277:, a subsidiary of
4347:
4346:
4184:Graphics hardware
4178:
4177:
3980:Abbey Silverstone
3876:
3875:
3848:HP spying scandal
3713:
3712:
3484:HP Data Protector
3426:
3425:
3348:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3336:Essential laptops
3271:Business desktops
3230:
3229:
3069:Patricia F. Russo
3041:Mohamed M. Atalla
2938:
2937:
2474:(Press release).
2400:(Press release).
2352:. secdatabase.com
2278:. secdatabase.com
2191:(Press release).
2048:. March 22, 2010.
1852:on April 13, 2020
1687:on April 24, 2014
1029:In May 2010, the
442:Cray Laboratories
438:Boulder, Colorado
281:, is an American
272:
271:
16:(Redirected from
4427:
4410:Silicon Graphics
4028:
3922:Silicon Graphics
3909:Silicon Graphics
3903:
3896:
3889:
3880:
3718:Closed divisions
3666:Internet Advisor
3509:
3388:
3244:Business laptops
3241:
3162:
3153:
3021:
2965:
2958:
2951:
2942:
2770:
2674:
2667:
2660:
2651:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2624:
2593:
2592:
2590:Official website
2577:
2572:
2571:
2563:
2561:Companies portal
2558:
2557:
2556:
2542:
2526:
2515:
2499:
2480:
2479:
2478:. June 28, 2022.
2468:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2452:on June 10, 2021
2448:. Archived from
2438:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2300:. Archived from
2294:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2256:
2248:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2232:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2157:Primeur Magazine
2149:
2143:
2142:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2013:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1996:
1990:. Archived from
1989:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1878:. Archived from
1868:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1848:. Archived from
1842:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1774:on June 30, 2007
1770:. Archived from
1760:
1754:
1753:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1636:
1630:
1629:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1376:on July 29, 2020
1366:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1281:. Archived from
1271:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1212:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1192:
1173:General Dynamics
889:digital hardware
847:machine for the
825:vector processor
714:Silicon Graphics
679:Sun Microsystems
665:market with its
569:Meiko Scientific
454:gallium arsenide
323:Silicon Graphics
260:
257:
234:1,282 (Dec 2015)
223:
222:
216:
206:
205:
199:
189:
188:
172:
171:
163:Operating income
155:
154:
90:
88:
83:
77:
75:
70:
49:
42:
21:
4435:
4434:
4430:
4429:
4428:
4426:
4425:
4424:
4350:
4349:
4348:
4343:
4252:
4236:
4222:InfiniteReality
4192:Geometry Engine
4174:
4133:
4045:
4042:(former models)
4022:
4015:
3984:
3933:
3910:
3907:
3877:
3872:
3831:
3805:
3749:
3709:
3630:
3604:
3556:
3526:HP Compaq Elite
3504:
3498:
3462:
3431:Other divisions
3422:
3386:
3357:
3356:and accessories
3355:
3340:
3289:
3285:Z workstations
3265:
3226:
3198:
3148:
3146:
3140:
3134:John F. Schultz
3085:
3079:
3054:Raymond J. Lane
3045:Shumeet Banerji
3036:Marc Andreessen
3022:
3013:
2992:
2974:
2972:Hewlett-Packard
2969:
2939:
2934:
2823:
2797:
2771:
2762:
2684:
2678:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2630:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2588:
2587:
2584:
2573:
2566:
2559:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2539:
2518:
2512:
2491:
2488:
2486:Further reading
2483:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2455:
2453:
2440:
2439:
2435:
2425:
2423:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2381:
2379:
2370:
2369:
2365:
2355:
2353:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2333:
2331:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2307:
2305:
2304:on May 17, 2019
2296:
2295:
2291:
2281:
2279:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2226:
2225:
2221:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2058:
2057:
2053:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2025:
2023:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2000:
1998:
1994:
1987:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1885:
1883:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1855:
1853:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1829:
1827:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1803:
1801:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1777:
1775:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1727:
1726:
1722:
1712:
1710:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1690:
1688:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1624:
1623:
1619:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1572:. May 17, 1996.
1569:Chicago Tribune
1562:
1561:
1557:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1520:
1519:
1515:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1432:
1430:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1379:
1377:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1353:
1351:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1288:
1286:
1285:on May 17, 2019
1273:
1272:
1268:
1258:
1256:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1235:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1218:
1214:
1213:
1206:
1198:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1135:
949:Rainier Project
796:(XC30/XC40) at
786:
752:SGI Origin 3000
744:SGI Origin 2000
710:
616:Convex Computer
593:SX architecture
547:computers from
397:
350:
345:
268:
254:
231:
212:
195:
182:
165:
123:
86:
84:
81:
79:
73:
71:
68:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4433:
4431:
4423:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4352:
4351:
4345:
4344:
4342:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4260:
4258:
4254:
4253:
4251:
4250:
4244:
4242:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4188:
4186:
4180:
4179:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4151:
4149:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4055:
4053:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4043:
4036:
4034:
4032:Motorola 68000
4025:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3996:Alias Research
3992:
3990:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3960:James H. Clark
3957:
3955:David J. Brown
3952:
3947:
3941:
3939:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3931:
3925:
3918:
3916:
3912:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3905:
3898:
3891:
3883:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3870:
3865:
3863:Mission: SPACE
3860:
3855:
3853:HP Inc. assets
3850:
3845:
3839:
3837:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3813:
3811:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3781:Lewis E. Platt
3778:
3773:
3763:
3757:
3755:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3747:
3746:
3745:
3740:
3732:
3727:
3721:
3719:
3715:
3714:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3638:
3636:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3628:
3623:
3621:HP CloudSystem
3618:
3612:
3610:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3564:
3562:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3533:
3532:
3527:
3518:
3516:
3506:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3470:
3468:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3460:
3458:HPE Networking
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3434:
3432:
3428:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3394:
3392:
3385:
3384:
3379:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3364:Aruba Networks
3360:
3358:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3287:
3282:
3279:
3275:
3273:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3247:
3245:
3238:
3232:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3224:
3223:
3222:
3217:
3206:
3204:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3185:
3184:
3174:
3168:
3166:
3159:
3150:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3127:
3124:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3100:Dave Donatelli
3098:
3095:
3089:
3087:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3077:
3072:
3066:
3064:Gary M. Reiner
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3043:
3038:
3032:
3030:
3024:
3023:
3016:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3006:
3000:
2998:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2985:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2960:
2953:
2945:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2845:Cray Red Storm
2842:
2837:
2831:
2829:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2772:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2724:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2685:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2669:
2662:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2583:
2582:External links
2580:
2579:
2578:
2564:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2543:
2537:
2516:
2510:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2481:
2463:
2433:
2407:
2389:
2363:
2341:
2315:
2289:
2267:
2243:
2219:
2198:
2180:
2175:Storage Review
2162:
2144:
2130:
2109:
2091:
2072:
2051:
2033:
2008:
1983:Scott, Steve.
1975:
1954:
1934:
1914:
1893:
1863:
1837:
1811:
1785:
1755:
1741:
1720:
1698:
1672:
1652:
1631:
1617:
1596:
1575:
1555:
1534:
1513:
1495:
1474:
1454:
1440:
1415:
1401:
1387:
1361:
1335:
1317:
1296:
1266:
1241:
1224:
1204:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1134:
1131:
785:
782:
709:
706:
458:semiconductors
396:
393:
349:
346:
344:
341:
270:
269:
262:
261:
252:
248:
247:
242:
236:
235:
232:
229:
226:
225:
217:
209:
208:
200:
192:
191:
183:
178:
175:
174:
166:
161:
158:
157:
149:
145:
144:
142:Supercomputers
139:
135:
134:
124:
121:
118:
117:
111:
107:
106:
101:
97:
96:
65:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4432:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4357:
4355:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4261:
4259:
4255:
4249:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4239:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4217:RealityEngine
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4185:
4181:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4136:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4052:
4048:
4041:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4033:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4023:architectures
4018:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3993:
3991:
3987:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3965:Paul Haeberli
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3950:Rick Belluzzo
3948:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3936:
3929:
3926:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3913:
3904:
3899:
3897:
3892:
3890:
3885:
3884:
3881:
3869:
3868:Steve Wozniak
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3834:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3808:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3796:Léo Apotheker
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3786:Carly Fiorina
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3776:John A. Young
3774:
3772:
3771:David Packard
3768:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3758:
3756:
3752:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3716:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3633:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3611:
3607:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3559:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3531:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3510:
3507:
3501:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3474:HyperSpace OS
3472:
3471:
3469:
3465:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3429:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3389:
3383:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3351:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3292:
3286:
3283:
3280:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3268:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3233:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3201:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3154:
3151:
3143:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3122:Cathie Lesjak
3120:
3117:
3115:George Kadifa
3114:
3112:Marty Homlish
3111:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3082:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3059:Ann Livermore
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3025:
3020:
3010:
3009:David Packard
3007:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2977:
2973:
2966:
2961:
2959:
2954:
2952:
2947:
2946:
2943:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2826:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2800:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2774:
2769:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2689:Cray Research
2687:
2682:
2675:
2670:
2668:
2663:
2661:
2656:
2655:
2652:
2644:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2591:
2586:
2585:
2581:
2576:
2570:
2565:
2562:
2551:
2546:
2540:
2538:9780367479619
2534:
2530:
2525:
2524:
2517:
2513:
2511:0-471-04885-2
2507:
2503:
2498:
2497:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2477:
2473:
2467:
2464:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2437:
2434:
2421:
2417:
2411:
2408:
2403:
2399:
2393:
2390:
2377:
2373:
2367:
2364:
2351:
2345:
2342:
2330:
2326:
2319:
2316:
2303:
2299:
2293:
2290:
2277:
2271:
2268:
2253:
2247:
2244:
2229:
2223:
2220:
2208:
2202:
2199:
2194:
2190:
2184:
2181:
2176:
2172:
2166:
2163:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2145:
2140:
2134:
2131:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2113:
2110:
2105:
2101:
2095:
2092:
2087:
2083:
2076:
2073:
2068:
2067:
2062:
2055:
2052:
2047:
2043:
2037:
2034:
2022:
2018:
2012:
2009:
1993:
1986:
1979:
1976:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1958:
1955:
1950:
1949:
1944:
1938:
1935:
1930:
1929:
1924:
1918:
1915:
1910:
1909:
1904:
1897:
1894:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1867:
1864:
1851:
1847:
1841:
1838:
1825:
1821:
1815:
1812:
1799:
1795:
1789:
1786:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1759:
1756:
1751:
1745:
1742:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1724:
1721:
1708:
1702:
1699:
1686:
1682:
1676:
1673:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1656:
1653:
1648:
1647:
1642:
1635:
1632:
1627:
1621:
1618:
1613:
1612:
1607:
1600:
1597:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1579:
1576:
1571:
1570:
1565:
1559:
1556:
1551:
1550:
1545:
1538:
1535:
1530:
1529:
1524:
1517:
1514:
1509:
1505:
1499:
1496:
1491:
1487:
1486:
1478:
1475:
1470:
1466:
1465:
1458:
1455:
1450:
1444:
1441:
1429:
1425:
1419:
1416:
1411:
1405:
1402:
1397:
1391:
1388:
1375:
1371:
1365:
1362:
1349:
1345:
1339:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1321:
1318:
1313:
1312:
1307:
1300:
1297:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1270:
1267:
1255:
1251:
1245:
1242:
1234:
1228:
1225:
1217:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1197:
1191:
1188:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1140:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1105:
1103:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1052:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1023:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1008:
1003:
999:
995:
990:
988:
984:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
960:
958:
954:
950:
946:
941:
939:
935:
930:
927:
923:
918:
916:
911:
909:
905:
901:
896:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
871:
868:
865:
861:
856:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
817:
815:
811:
803:
799:
795:
790:
783:
781:
779:
774:
772:
767:
764:
762:
758:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
730:
726:
722:
717:
715:
707:
705:
703:
699:
694:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
655:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
608:
606:
602:
596:
594:
590:
586:
582:
579:
575:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
537:
533:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
477:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
430:
428:
424:
419:
415:
410:
401:
394:
392:
390:
386:
382:
378:
373:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
347:
342:
340:
338:
333:
331:
326:
324:
319:
316:
314:
309:
307:
303:
299:
294:
292:
288:
284:
283:supercomputer
280:
276:
267:
263:
259:
253:
249:
246:
243:
241:
237:
233:
227:
218:
215:
210:
201:
198:
193:
184:
181:
176:
167:
164:
159:
150:
146:
143:
140:
136:
132:
128:
125:
119:
115:
112:
108:
105:
102:
98:
94:
66:
62:
59:
56:
52:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
18:Cray Research
4269:Image format
4006:Kroyer Films
4000:
3989:Acquisitions
3843:Acquisitions
3767:Bill Hewlett
3765:Co-founders
3589:HP QuickPlay
3503:Discontinued
3331:HP Chromebox
3294:Consumer PCs
3130:Antonio Neri
3126:Mike Nefkens
3109:John Hinshaw
3097:Todd Bradley
3071:(Chairwoman)
3004:Bill Hewlett
2721:Cray Y-MP EL
2680:
2527:. New York:
2522:
2500:. New York:
2495:
2466:
2454:. Retrieved
2450:the original
2445:
2436:
2426:February 13,
2424:. Retrieved
2419:
2410:
2392:
2380:. Retrieved
2375:
2366:
2354:. Retrieved
2344:
2334:September 2,
2332:. Retrieved
2328:
2318:
2306:. Retrieved
2302:the original
2292:
2280:. Retrieved
2270:
2258:. Retrieved
2246:
2234:. Retrieved
2222:
2210:. Retrieved
2201:
2183:
2174:
2165:
2156:
2147:
2133:
2122:
2112:
2094:
2085:
2075:
2064:
2054:
2045:
2036:
2024:. Retrieved
2020:
2011:
1999:. Retrieved
1992:the original
1978:
1967:
1957:
1946:
1937:
1926:
1917:
1908:Ars Technica
1906:
1896:
1884:. Retrieved
1880:the original
1875:
1866:
1854:. Retrieved
1850:the original
1840:
1828:. Retrieved
1824:the original
1814:
1802:. Retrieved
1798:the original
1788:
1776:. Retrieved
1772:the original
1767:
1758:
1744:
1735:The Register
1733:
1723:
1711:. Retrieved
1701:
1689:. Retrieved
1685:the original
1675:
1666:The Register
1664:
1655:
1644:
1634:
1620:
1609:
1599:
1588:
1578:
1567:
1558:
1547:
1537:
1526:
1516:
1498:
1483:
1477:
1463:
1457:
1443:
1431:. Retrieved
1427:
1418:
1404:
1390:
1378:. Retrieved
1374:the original
1364:
1352:. Retrieved
1348:the original
1338:
1320:
1309:
1299:
1287:. Retrieved
1283:the original
1278:
1269:
1259:September 2,
1257:. Retrieved
1244:
1227:
1190:
1166:
1143:
1136:
1124:
1121:
1106:
1099:
1088:
1073:
1055:
1048:
1043:
1035:
1028:
1005:
991:
972:blade server
961:
948:
944:
942:
931:
919:
915:Peter Ungaro
912:
897:
857:
836:
832:
818:
807:
793:
775:
768:
765:
756:
747:
739:
735:
732:computer bus
720:
718:
711:
695:
656:
609:
597:
543:A series of
542:
478:
441:
431:
406:
374:
354:Seymour Cray
351:
334:
327:
320:
317:
313:Seymour Cray
310:
302:Seymour Cray
295:
274:
273:
265:
214:Total equity
197:Total assets
127:Peter Ungaro
110:Headquarters
104:Seymour Cray
54:Company type
36:
4339:Nintendo 64
4109:Origin 2000
3970:Marc Hannah
3945:Kurt Akeley
3930:(2009–2016)
3924:(1981–2009)
3801:Meg Whitman
3573:LightScribe
3552:AlphaServer
3494:NonStop SQL
3382:Plantronics
3369:Calculators
3210:HPE Storage
3172:BladeSystem
3137:Bill Veghte
3118:Tracy Keogh
3106:Henry Gomez
3103:Martin Fink
3093:Meg Whitman
3075:Jim Skinner
2895:Cray CX1000
2819:Cray CS6400
2638: /
2626:122°19′55″W
2001:October 15,
1886:October 15,
1091:Blue Waters
1051:Cray CX1000
989:installed.
902:system for
802:Konrad Zuse
691:Cray CS6400
663:file server
462:Warsaw Pact
414:Minneapolis
4354:Categories
4227:IrisVision
4104:Origin 200
3690:TouchSmart
3626:HPE Helion
3594:Tru64 UNIX
3489:NonStop OS
3418:Photosmart
3084:Executive
2840:Cray MTA-2
2788:Cray-3/SSS
2623:47°36′22″N
2329:forbes.com
1428:TechCrunch
1380:October 3,
1354:October 3,
1183:References
996:system at
810:Cray MTA-2
702:Chapter 11
698:Cray-3/SSS
601:mainframes
481:Steve Chen
470:bankruptcy
180:Net income
122:Key people
58:Subsidiary
4279:WorkSpace
4094:Challenge
3975:Herb Kuta
3827:HP Atalla
3817:HP Garage
3791:Mark Hurd
3700:NetServer
3568:Domain/OS
3522:HP Compaq
3281:EliteDesk
3256:EliteBook
3182:Superdome
3177:Integrity
3147:hardware
3145:Computer
3049:Raj Gupta
3028:Directors
2920:Cray XC50
2915:Cray XC40
2910:Cray XC30
2835:Cray SX-6
2828:Cray Inc.
2814:Cray S-MP
2733:Cray EL90
2711:Cray Y-MP
2701:Cray X-MP
2683:computers
2529:CRC Press
2382:August 1,
2356:March 29,
2308:April 25,
2282:March 29,
2086:AnandTech
2026:August 1,
1856:April 27,
1778:August 1,
1713:April 24,
1691:April 24,
1289:August 1,
1177:petaflops
1162:petaflops
1148:computer
1064:'s Tesla
1016:Tianhe-1A
980:Microsoft
900:Red Storm
687:Cray S-MP
654:in 1998.
644:Cray EL90
640:Cray Y-MP
595:by 2000.
574:ILLIAC IV
489:Cray Y-MP
485:Cray X-MP
427:Cray X-MP
360:(ERA) in
352:In 1950,
275:Cray Inc.
40:Cray Inc.
4334:NUMAlink
4241:Monitors
4040:SGI IRIS
4021:Computer
3858:Products
3836:See also
3743:Snapfish
3730:ProCurve
3725:VoodooPC
3662:TouchPad
3657:VoodooPC
3635:Hardware
3616:HP Cloud
3609:Services
3561:Software
3537:Presario
3505:products
3467:Software
3403:LaserJet
3374:Teradici
3306:Pavilion
3301:OmniBook
3220:HPE 3PAR
3189:ProLiant
3149:products
3086:officers
2997:Founders
2930:Urika-GD
2925:Urika-XA
2905:Cray XK7
2900:Cray XK6
2890:Cray XE6
2885:Cray XT6
2880:Cray CX1
2875:Cray XT5
2870:Cray XMT
2865:Cray XT4
2860:Cray XD1
2855:Cray XT3
2809:Cray APP
2758:Cray SV1
2753:Cray T3E
2748:Cray T90
2743:Cray J90
2738:Cray T3D
2728:Cray C90
2716:Cray XMS
2547:See also
2456:July 13,
2376:GeekWire
2066:Engadget
1830:March 3,
1804:March 3,
1768:cray.com
1433:June 22,
1084:Tianhe-2
1070:Cray XK7
1058:Cray XK6
1031:Cray XE6
994:Cray XT5
968:Cray CX1
934:Cray XMT
922:Cray XT4
908:Cray XT3
875:running
860:Cray XD1
814:NEC SX-6
771:Cray SV1
721:Starfire
652:Cray SV1
648:Cray J90
636:Cray XMS
628:Supertek
605:neckties
589:Cray T3E
585:Cray T3D
502:Supertek
497:Cray T90
493:Cray C90
483:and the
466:Cold War
409:CDC 8600
389:CDC 7600
385:CDC 6600
366:ERA 1103
138:Products
4319:OpenLDI
4309:IRIS GL
4202:Extreme
4143:Itanium
4079:Crimson
4059:IRIS 4D
3915:Company
3822:HP Labs
3754:HP CEOs
3652:iPod+HP
3642:Jornada
3583:OpenVMS
3408:ScanJet
3398:DeskJet
3311:Spectre
3278:ProDesk
3251:ProBook
3236:HP Inc.
3203:Storage
3194:NonStop
3165:Servers
2983:HP Inc.
2850:Cray X1
2260:May 11,
2236:May 11,
2212:May 14,
2124:Reuters
1876:HPCwire
1490:Factiva
1311:Fortune
1158:Finland
1154:Kajaani
1146:EuroHPC
1113:OpenACC
1109:OpenACC
1080:LINPACK
1036:Cascade
1012:LINPACK
926:Opteron
893:PowerPC
870:Opteron
853:Cray X1
821:Cray X1
759:or SGI
748:SN-MIPS
675:Solaris
583:-based
506:Fortran
456:(GaAs)
343:History
325:(SGI).
251:Website
148:Revenue
100:Founder
85: (
72: (
64:Founded
4314:OpenGL
4284:4Sight
4248:1600SW
4207:Impact
4147:x86-64
4089:Octane
4064:Indigo
3938:People
3810:Assets
3734:Sold:
3695:Sprout
3670:Vectra
3647:OmniGo
3601:(sold)
3585:(sold)
3513:Compaq
3448:Scitex
3413:Scitex
3378:HyperX
3326:Stream
3215:HPE XP
2793:Cray-4
2783:Cray-3
2706:Cray-2
2696:Cray-1
2535:
2508:
2193:NVIDIA
2104:TOP500
1948:TOP500
1590:Forbes
1330:TOP500
1236:(XBRL)
1219:(XBRL)
1199:(XBRL)
1117:OpenMP
1062:Nvidia
1007:Jaguar
881:Xilinx
864:64-bit
804:, 2014
794:Konrad
565:MasPar
526:Unixes
450:Cray-3
423:Cray-2
418:Cray-1
370:UNIVAC
291:TOP500
240:Parent
116:, U.S.
4170:Virtu
4165:Prism
4160:Altix
4139:IA-32
4129:Tezro
4114:Onyx2
3705:Kayak
3685:Slate
3599:WebOS
3479:HP-UX
3261:ZBook
2255:(PDF)
2231:(PDF)
1995:(PDF)
1988:(PDF)
1152:, in
1075:Titan
1066:GPGPU
1044:Aries
964:Intel
938:ASICs
877:Linux
845:Flops
761:Altix
757:SN-IA
729:HIPPI
667:SPARC
581:Alpha
561:nCUBE
557:Intel
4360:Cray
4299:4Dwm
4294:Xsgi
4264:IRIX
4212:VPro
4197:Elan
4124:Fuel
4099:Onyx
4074:Indy
4051:MIPS
4001:Cray
3769:and
3738:Palm
3680:Mini
3675:Brio
3547:iPAQ
3515:line
3321:OMEN
3316:ENVY
2681:Cray
2533:ISBN
2506:ISBN
2476:NOAA
2458:2021
2428:2021
2384:2018
2358:2013
2336:2022
2310:2012
2284:2013
2262:2023
2238:2023
2214:2019
2028:2018
2003:2007
1969:CNET
1888:2007
1858:2011
1832:2012
1806:2012
1780:2018
1715:2014
1693:2014
1549:CNET
1435:2020
1382:2019
1356:2019
1291:2018
1261:2022
1150:LUMI
976:Xeon
957:FPGA
953:XT5h
885:FPGA
738:and
632:CMOS
622:and
587:and
567:and
522:LLNL
518:LANL
495:and
387:and
258:.com
256:cray
87:1987
74:1972
67:1972
4329:XIO
4324:GIO
4304:XFS
4274:MEX
3578:MPE
3542:Evo
3157:HPE
1000:at
985:or
837:SN2
833:SV2
750:or
740:SN2
736:SN1
131:CEO
91:as
4356::
4145:,
4141:,
4084:O2
3530:TC
2531:.
2504:.
2444:.
2418:.
2374:.
2327:.
2173:.
2155:.
2121:.
2102:.
2084:.
2063:.
2044:.
2019:.
1966:.
1945:.
1925:.
1905:.
1874:.
1766:.
1732:.
1663:.
1643:.
1608:.
1587:.
1566:.
1546:.
1525:.
1506:.
1488:.
1467:.
1426:.
1328:.
1308:.
1277:.
1252:.
1207:^
1179:.
1156:,
1104:.
1046:.
827:/
563:,
559:,
555:,
551:,
532:.
491:,
476:.
440:,
391:.
315:.
78:as
3902:e
3895:t
3888:v
2964:e
2957:t
2950:v
2673:e
2666:t
2659:v
2541:.
2514:.
2460:.
2430:.
2386:.
2360:.
2338:.
2312:.
2286:.
2264:.
2240:.
2216:.
2127:.
2088:.
2069:.
2030:.
2005:.
1972:.
1911:.
1890:.
1860:.
1834:.
1808:.
1782:.
1738:.
1717:.
1695:.
1649:.
1614:.
1593:.
1552:.
1531:.
1510:.
1437:.
1384:.
1358:.
1332:.
1314:.
1293:.
1263:.
520:/
516:(
133:)
129:(
95:)
89:)
76:)
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
