35:
281:
409:: the largest French-derived language in the world, with an estimated total of 12 million fluent speakers. It is also the most-spoken creole language in the world and is based largely on 17th-century French with influences from Portuguese, Spanish, English,
354:
Throughout the 17th century, French
Creoles became established as a unique ethnicity originating from the mix of French, Indian, and African cultures. These French Creoles held a distinct ethno-cultural identity, a shared antique language,
491:. Although all of the creoles spoken on these islands are considered to be the same language, there are noticeable differences between the dialects of each island. Notably, the Creole spoken in the Eastern (windward) part of the island
696:. New Orleans: Center for Louisiana Studies, University of Southwestern Louisiana. pp. 4, 5, 6, 8, 11, 15, 21, 22, 33, 38, 108, 109, 110, 143, 173, 174, 235, 241, 242, 243, 252, 253, 254, 268.
1070:
748:. 1995, "Grammaire comparée des variétés coloniales du français populaire de Paris du 17 siÚcle et origines du français québécois", in Fournier, Robert, & Wittmann, Henri,
804:. 1995, "Grammaire comparée des variétés coloniales du français populaire de Paris du 17 siÚcle et origines du français québécois", in Fournier, Robert & Wittmann, Henri,
780:
3299:
75:
34:
1410:
1063:
630:, spoken everywhere in the Seychelles and locally known as Kreol seselwa. It is the national language and shares official status with English and French.
3327:
267:
838:
709:
Atlantic Meets
Pacific: A Global View of Pidginization and Creolization ; Elected Papers from the Society for Pidgin and Creole Linguistics
362:
In the eighteenth century, Creole French was the first and native language of many different peoples including those of
European origin in the
1861:
1056:
1277:
319:
These contact languages are not to be confused with creolized varieties of French outside of Europe that date to colonial times, such as
1535:
1423:
940:
312:
of French from Paris, the French
Atlantic harbors, and the nascent French colonies. This article also contains information on French
2650:
103:
2710:
765:
1998:
1603:
1403:
131:
2798:
2699:
93:
2606:
260:
198:
973:
2733:
2136:
957:
831:
3174:
2612:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1510:
1125:
872:
2895:
2467:
1902:
1460:
1396:
1336:
1145:
1140:
1104:
2394:
2482:
2003:
1844:
1811:
1559:
1488:
1470:
1453:
1448:
1438:
797:
524:
3187:
3091:
1964:
1691:
1639:
253:
140:
43:
2555:
2100:
1981:
1954:
1830:
1776:
1483:
1443:
1135:
903:
898:
824:
366:. French-based creole languages today are spoken natively by millions of people worldwide, primarily in the
3273:
2669:
2489:
1907:
1853:
1505:
935:
877:
502:
159:
2573:
1986:
816:
3305:
3250:
3056:
3051:
2704:
2682:
2501:
2324:
1793:
1749:
1696:
862:
108:
2969:
1937:
3255:
3039:
3029:
2645:
2618:
2544:
2452:
2404:
2203:
2131:
2083:
2077:
2040:
2023:
1520:
945:
542:
203:
3003:
2740:
2632:
2600:
2594:
2436:
2215:
2175:
2141:
2045:
1969:
1912:
1733:
1257:
1178:
1079:
918:
492:
438:
343:
98:
2111:
165:
60:
3245:
2974:
2830:
2788:
2754:
2748:
2638:
2581:
2538:
2521:
2259:
2252:
2146:
2088:
1893:
1876:
1817:
1673:
1661:
1540:
1478:
1315:
1290:
1019:
989:
737:
627:
604:
572:
564:
463:
385:
328:
184:
154:
65:
3023:
2151:
1515:
595:
766:"History of Haitian-Creole: From Pidgin to Lingua Franca and English Influence on the Language"
495:
is spoken exclusively by a white population of
European descent, imported into the island from
3202:
3181:
3101:
3061:
3044:
2920:
2848:
2842:
2766:
2658:
2568:
2509:
2421:
2379:
2180:
2126:
2013:
1991:
1932:
1917:
1888:
1871:
1781:
1744:
1713:
1701:
1620:
1608:
1525:
1500:
1494:
1419:
1168:
1009:
999:
913:
908:
733:
609:
600:
410:
309:
84:
531:. It was developed by Amerindians, with possible influences from immigrants from neighboring
359:, and their civilization owed its existence to the overseas expansion of the French Empire.
3155:
3145:
3130:
3118:
3034:
2983:
2947:
2925:
2912:
2906:
2880:
2835:
2824:
2728:
2693:
2677:
2526:
2514:
2447:
2411:
2399:
2367:
2292:
2264:
2237:
2067:
2062:
2050:
2030:
2018:
1959:
1866:
1823:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1718:
1649:
1633:
1530:
1295:
1163:
1014:
1004:
930:
893:
618:
577:
518:
472:
420:
346:
are debatably the most spoken creole languages in the world, with over 12 million speakers.
324:
231:
226:
217:
3239:
3225:
3106:
3008:
2998:
2942:
2793:
2781:
2721:
2716:
2531:
2460:
2442:
2389:
2319:
2276:
2188:
2169:
2121:
2008:
1974:
1927:
1922:
1644:
1576:
1548:
1305:
1215:
1206:
1155:
1088:
476:
301:
297:
241:
193:
136:
51:
2242:
1300:
1262:
170:
280:
3290:
3197:
3192:
3113:
2993:
2955:
2687:
2336:
2247:
2193:
2163:
2055:
1739:
1667:
1613:
1331:
1310:
1267:
1245:
1173:
1109:
1096:
994:
925:
801:
745:
591:
398:
339:
320:
208:
126:
117:
3321:
3232:
3135:
3123:
2855:
2563:
2220:
2158:
1654:
1388:
1377:
1223:
1196:
1130:
646:
532:
506:
332:
338:
There are over 15.5 million speakers of some form of French-based creole languages.
3014:
2874:
2269:
1285:
1191:
1048:
668:
308:. Most often this lexifier is not modern French but rather a 17th- or 18th-century
147:
2930:
2416:
3076:
3069:
2806:
2372:
2341:
1037:
642:
496:
454:
450:
414:
363:
236:
2354:
2346:
1947:
1706:
1183:
613:
484:
480:
17:
3150:
2988:
2330:
1625:
622:
581:
536:
432:
2776:
2314:
809:
753:
3140:
2935:
2771:
2587:
2035:
1883:
672:
546:
528:
510:
488:
367:
305:
808:, Trois-RiviĂšres: Presses universitaires de Trois-RiviĂšres, pp. 281â334.
752:, Trois-RiviĂšres: Presses universitaires de Trois-RiviĂšres, pp. 281â334.
2759:
2624:
2384:
2362:
2302:
2297:
1786:
1771:
2961:
2307:
2230:
2210:
1942:
1361:
1240:
1233:
952:
867:
658:
514:
313:
711:. United States of America: John Benjamins Publishing. p. 394.
2225:
2198:
1250:
1228:
663:
535:
and French territories of the
Caribbean and with a recent lexical
406:
1392:
1052:
820:
694:
The Road to
Louisiana: The Saint-Domingue Refugees, 1792-1809
521:, but there are some noteworthy differences between the two.
405:, locally called Creole) is a language spoken primarily in
27:
Family of creole languages for which French is the lexifier
549:, is a variety of the former, possibly the same language.
316:
languages, contact languages that lack native speakers.
3266:
3217:
3166:
3090:
2894:
2867:
2816:
2668:
2554:
2500:
2481:
2110:
2099:
1852:
1843:
1804:
1684:
1569:
1558:
1469:
1431:
1370:
1349:
1324:
1276:
1214:
1205:
1154:
1118:
1095:
1030:
982:
966:
886:
855:
370:and on archipelagos throughout the Indian Ocean.
417:languages. It is an official language in Haiti.
1404:
1064:
832:
261:
8:
773:Review of Higher Education and Self-Learning
571:â subsumed under a common classification as
3300:languages with more than 5 million speakers
692:Carl A. Brasseaux, Glenn R. Conrad (1992).
527:, spoken in Brazil, mostly in the state of
2883:(mixed RomaniâIbero- and Occitano-Romance)
2497:
2107:
1849:
1566:
1411:
1397:
1389:
1211:
1071:
1057:
1049:
839:
825:
817:
268:
254:
29:
603:, spoken by the former population of the
279:
684:
216:
183:
116:
83:
50:
720:
718:
545:, spoken more widely in the state of
7:
707:Francis Byrne; John A. Holm (1993).
786:from the original on 23 March 2015.
3304:Languages between parentheses are
25:
3184:(unknown further classification)
3328:French-based pidgins and creoles
1080:Varieties of the French language
284:Treemap of French-based creoles.
33:
3308:of the language on their left.
3178:(Western Romance-based pidgin)
764:Bonenfant, Jacques L. (2011).
104:Ordinance of Villers-CotterĂȘts
1:
1357:French-based creole languages
848:French-based creole languages
1186:(England, Wales and Ireland)
509:, and to a lesser degree in
294:French-based creole language
3175:Mediterranean Lingua Franca
517:. It is closely related to
3344:
2877:(mixed PortugueseâSpanish)
1903:Gallo-Italic of Basilicata
1697:CentralâSouthern Calabrian
671:, a macaronic language of
621:, spoken on the island of
3282:
2432:
1086:
806:Le français des Amériques
750:Le français des Amériques
2185:North American dialects
1692:Extreme Southern Italian
850:and pidgins by continent
505:is a language spoken in
132:Articles and determiners
1604:CentralâNorthern Latian
1908:Gallo-Italic of Sicily
525:KaripĂșna French Creole
503:French Guianese Creole
449:and/or Creole) is the
285:
2395:PoitevinâSaintongeais
283:
2204:St. Marys Bay French
1728:NeapolitanâCalabrese
94:Phonological history
2556:GalicianâPortuguese
1582:Central Marchigiano
573:Bourbonnais Creoles
453:creole language of
439:Saint Lucian Creole
344:Saint Lucian Creole
99:Oaths of Strasbourg
2970:Catalan Ribagorçan
2817:PyreneanâMozarabic
2089:Judaeo-Piedmontese
1999:BustoccoâLegnanese
1794:Northern Calabrian
738:progressive aspect
628:Seychellois Creole
605:Chagos Archipelago
565:progressive aspect
479:, particularly in
464:progressive aspect
386:progressive aspect
286:
3315:
3314:
3291:extinct languages
3213:
3212:
2890:
2889:
2849:Navarro-Aragonese
2734:Peruvian Ribereño
2659:Judaeo-Portuguese
2574:GalicianâAsturian
2477:
2476:
2468:Old Gallo-Romance
2422:Wisconsin Walloon
1839:
1838:
1812:Dalmatian Romance
1420:Romance languages
1386:
1385:
1345:
1344:
1187:
1046:
1045:
601:Chagossian creole
539:from Portuguese.
445:, locally called
431:and Creole), the
427:, locally called
425:Kréyol la Lwizyà n
278:
277:
16:(Redirected from
3335:
2836:Judaeo-Aragonese
2825:Andalusi Romance
2678:Amazonic Spanish
2515:Western Asturian
2498:
2437:Franco-Provençal
2108:
2004:ComascoâLecchese
1862:EmilianâRomagnol
1850:
1650:Regional Italian
1640:Italo-Australian
1567:
1489:Megleno-Romanian
1413:
1406:
1399:
1390:
1337:Saint-Barthélemy
1212:
1185:
1073:
1066:
1059:
1050:
841:
834:
827:
818:
811:
794:
788:
787:
785:
770:
761:
755:
722:
713:
712:
704:
698:
697:
689:
619:Rodriguan creole
578:Mauritian Creole
519:Antillean Creole
493:Saint-Barthélemy
475:, spoken in the
473:Antillean Creole
435:creole language.
421:Louisiana Creole
270:
263:
256:
37:
30:
21:
3343:
3342:
3338:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3332:
3318:
3317:
3316:
3311:
3278:
3262:
3240:Pannonian Latin
3226:African Romance
3209:
3162:
3093:
3086:
3024:Judeo-Provençal
2897:
2886:
2863:
2812:
2722:Chilean Chilote
2664:
2550:
2491:
2487:
2484:
2473:
2461:Moselle Romance
2428:
2277:Missouri French
2238:Franco-Ontarian
2113:
2102:
2095:
1835:
1800:
1777:Southern Latian
1680:
1645:Maltese Italian
1577:Central Italian
1561:
1554:
1549:Common Romanian
1465:
1449:Italo-Dalmatian
1427:
1417:
1387:
1382:
1366:
1341:
1320:
1272:
1201:
1150:
1114:
1091:
1089:Standard French
1082:
1077:
1047:
1042:
1026:
978:
962:
882:
873:Petit Mauresque
851:
845:
815:
814:
795:
791:
783:
768:
763:
762:
758:
723:
716:
706:
705:
701:
691:
690:
686:
681:
655:
639:
596:Agaléga Islands
563:Varieties with
560:
477:Lesser Antilles
462:Varieties with
392:, derived from
384:Varieties with
381:
376:
352:
274:
242:Help:IPA/French
177:
176:
164:
52:French language
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3341:
3339:
3331:
3330:
3320:
3319:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3302:
3293:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3276:
3270:
3268:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3260:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3243:
3236:
3229:
3221:
3219:
3215:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3206:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3179:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3159:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3128:
3127:
3126:
3121:
3111:
3110:
3109:
3098:
3096:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3066:
3065:
3064:
3059:
3049:
3048:
3047:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3020:
3019:
3018:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2991:
2981:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2977:
2972:
2964:
2959:
2956:Judaeo-Catalan
2952:
2951:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2933:
2923:
2915:
2902:
2900:
2892:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2878:
2871:
2869:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2861:
2860:
2859:
2845:
2840:
2839:
2838:
2828:
2820:
2818:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2810:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2785:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2763:
2762:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2738:
2737:
2736:
2726:
2725:
2724:
2711:Latin American
2707:
2702:
2690:
2688:Judaeo-Spanish
2685:
2680:
2674:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2642:
2641:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2615:
2610:
2603:
2591:
2584:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2566:
2560:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2548:
2541:
2536:
2535:
2534:
2524:
2519:
2518:
2517:
2506:
2504:
2495:
2479:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2464:
2457:
2456:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2426:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2409:
2408:
2407:
2402:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2351:
2350:
2349:
2339:
2334:
2317:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2290:
2289:
2288:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2262:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2183:
2178:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2149:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2118:
2116:
2105:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2091:
2081:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2001:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1957:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1897:
1896:
1891:
1881:
1880:
1879:
1874:
1858:
1856:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1831:Judaeo-Italian
1828:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1796:
1791:
1790:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1711:
1710:
1709:
1699:
1688:
1686:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1664:
1659:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1630:
1629:
1628:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1573:
1571:
1564:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1552:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1491:
1486:
1484:Istro-Romanian
1481:
1475:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1441:
1435:
1433:
1432:Major branches
1429:
1428:
1424:classification
1418:
1416:
1415:
1408:
1401:
1393:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1380:
1378:Français signé
1374:
1372:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1359:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1282:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1243:
1238:
1237:
1236:
1231:
1220:
1218:
1209:
1207:North American
1203:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1160:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1101:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1078:
1076:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1053:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1040:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
986:
984:
980:
979:
977:
976:
970:
968:
964:
963:
961:
960:
955:
950:
949:
948:
938:
933:
928:
923:
922:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
890:
888:
884:
883:
881:
880:
875:
870:
865:
863:Burundi Pidgin
859:
857:
853:
852:
846:
844:
843:
836:
829:
821:
813:
812:
802:Henri Wittmann
789:
756:
746:Henri Wittmann
744:<aprĂšs>
724:with variants
714:
699:
683:
682:
680:
677:
676:
675:
666:
661:
654:
651:
650:
649:
638:
635:
634:
633:
632:
631:
625:
616:
610:RĂ©union Creole
607:
598:
592:Agalega creole
589:
559:
556:
555:
554:
553:
552:
551:
550:
522:
500:
460:
459:
458:
436:
418:
403:KreyĂČl ayisyen
399:Haitian Creole
380:
377:
375:
374:Classification
372:
351:
348:
340:Haitian Creole
276:
275:
273:
272:
265:
258:
250:
247:
246:
245:
244:
239:
234:
229:
221:
220:
214:
213:
212:
211:
206:
201:
196:
188:
187:
181:
180:
179:
178:
175:
174:
168:
162:
157:
150:
146:
144:
134:
129:
121:
120:
114:
113:
112:
111:
106:
101:
96:
88:
87:
81:
80:
79:
78:
73:
68:
63:
55:
54:
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3340:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3307:
3303:
3301:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3281:
3275:
3274:Proto-Romance
3272:
3271:
3269:
3267:Reconstructed
3265:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3233:British Latin
3230:
3228:
3227:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3216:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3165:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3132:
3129:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3115:
3112:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3089:
3079:
3078:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3054:
3053:
3052:Vivaro-Alpine
3050:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2982:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2893:
2882:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2866:
2858:
2857:
2856:Old Navarrese
2853:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2739:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2730:
2727:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2706:
2705:Equatoguinean
2703:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2667:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2486:
2480:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2431:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2413:
2410:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2327:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2291:
2287:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2275:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2159:Frainc-Comtou
2157:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2098:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1980:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1955:Judeo-Italian
1953:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1885:
1882:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1832:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1814:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1795:
1792:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1750:Castelmezzano
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1726:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1712:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1656:
1655:Swiss Italian
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1619:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1536:Transylvanian
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1495:Daco-Romanian
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1468:
1462:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1444:Italo-Western
1442:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1425:
1421:
1414:
1409:
1407:
1402:
1400:
1395:
1394:
1391:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1278:United States
1275:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1081:
1074:
1069:
1067:
1062:
1060:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
992:
991:
988:
987:
985:
981:
975:
972:
971:
969:
965:
959:
956:
954:
951:
947:
944:
943:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
896:
895:
892:
891:
889:
885:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
860:
858:
854:
849:
842:
837:
835:
830:
828:
823:
822:
819:
810:
807:
803:
799:
793:
790:
782:
778:
774:
767:
760:
757:
754:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
721:
719:
715:
710:
703:
700:
695:
688:
685:
678:
674:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
656:
652:
648:
647:New Caledonia
644:
641:
640:
636:
629:
626:
624:
620:
617:
615:
611:
608:
606:
602:
599:
597:
593:
590:
587:
583:
579:
576:
575:
574:
570:
566:
562:
561:
557:
548:
544:
541:
540:
538:
534:
533:French Guiana
530:
526:
523:
520:
516:
512:
508:
507:French Guiana
504:
501:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
471:
470:
469:
465:
461:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
437:
434:
430:
426:
422:
419:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
397:
396:
395:
391:
387:
383:
382:
378:
373:
371:
369:
365:
360:
358:
357:Creole French
349:
347:
345:
341:
336:
334:
333:Quebec French
330:
326:
322:
317:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
290:French creole
282:
271:
266:
264:
259:
257:
252:
251:
249:
248:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
224:
223:
222:
219:
215:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
191:
190:
189:
186:
182:
172:
169:
167:
166:passé composé
163:
161:
158:
156:
152:
151:
149:
145:
142:
138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
124:
123:
122:
119:
115:
110:
107:
105:
102:
100:
97:
95:
92:
91:
90:
89:
86:
82:
77:
74:
72:
69:
67:
64:
62:
61:Langues d'oĂŻl
59:
58:
57:
56:
53:
49:
45:
41:
40:
36:
32:
31:
19:
18:Creole French
3295:
3286:
3238:
3231:
3224:
3173:
3075:
3068:
3030:Languedocien
3022:
3015:Judeo-Gascon
3013:
2954:
2905:
2875:Barranquenho
2854:
2847:
2823:
2805:
2747:
2709:
2692:
2683:Extremaduran
2657:
2631:
2617:
2605:
2593:
2586:
2543:
2502:Asturleonese
2466:
2459:
2417:West Walloon
2405:Saintongeais
2353:
2329:
2325:Anglo-Norman
2284:
2283:
2216:Newfoundland
2176:Jersey Legal
2168:
2076:
2041:Southwestern
2024:Vallassinese
1913:Gallo-Picene
1854:Gallo-Italic
1816:
1732:
1727:
1666:
1632:
1547:
1493:
1356:
1258:Newfoundland
1179:Jersey Legal
983:Indian Ocean
919:Saint Lucian
847:
805:
800:substratum (
792:
776:
772:
759:
749:
741:
729:
725:
708:
702:
693:
687:
669:Camfranglais
645:, spoken in
612:, spoken in
594:, spoken in
585:
580:, spoken in
568:
558:Indian Ocean
467:
451:Saint Lucian
446:
442:
428:
424:
415:West African
402:
393:
389:
361:
356:
353:
337:
318:
293:
289:
287:
171:passé simple
109:Anglo-Norman
76:Francophonie
70:
3251:Campidanese
3077:Old Catalan
3070:Old Occitan
2807:Old Spanish
2741:Rioplatense
2545:Old Leonese
2373:Cotentinais
2337:Guernésiais
2260:Frenchville
2253:New England
2132:Bourbonnais
2084:Piedmontese
2078:Old Lombard
1970:Bergamasque
1894:Sammarinese
1316:New England
1291:Frenchville
1020:Seychellois
990:Bourbonnais
878:Petit nĂšgre
732:, from the
497:Saint Kitts
455:Saint Lucia
364:West Indies
329:New England
237:Aspirated h
185:Orthography
155:conjugation
3298:indicates
3256:Logudorese
2789:Philippine
2755:Andalusian
2749:Peninsular
2639:Estremenho
2595:Portuguese
2522:Cantabrian
2355:Law French
2347:Sercquiais
2181:Meridional
2142:Champenois
2137:Burgundian
1948:Tabarchino
1938:Monégasque
1877:Parmigiano
1734:Neapolitan
1707:Manduriano
1674:Florentine
1541:Wallachian
1511:Bukovinian
1169:Meridional
1141:Vietnamese
1000:Chagossian
958:Belle Isle
946:Lanc-PatuĂĄ
914:Martinican
909:Guadeloupe
543:Lanc-PatuĂĄ
485:Guadeloupe
481:Martinique
429:KourĂ-VinĂ
300:for which
204:Circumflex
160:morphology
3306:varieties
3289:indicate
3246:Sardinian
3203:Triestine
3151:Sursilvan
3062:Mentonasc
3040:Provençal
2989:Auvergnat
2975:Valencian
2931:Mallorcan
2921:Algherese
2896:Occitano-
2843:Navarrese
2831:Aragonese
2767:Castilian
2670:Castilian
2646:Uruguayan
2619:Brazilian
2582:Minderico
2576:/Eonavian
2539:Mirandese
2453:ValdĂŽtain
2439:/Arpitan
2380:Orléanais
2331:Auregnais
2315:Mayennais
2265:Louisiana
2147:Ardennais
2127:Berrichon
1933:Intemelio
1889:Forlivese
1872:Bolognese
1818:Dalmatian
1782:Tarantino
1745:Benevento
1702:Salentino
1662:Sassarese
1626:Gallurese
1609:Romanesco
1562:Dalmatian
1526:Moldavian
1521:MaramureÈ
1479:Aromanian
1325:Caribbean
1296:Louisiana
1126:Cambodian
1015:Rodriguan
1005:Mauritian
931:Louisiana
904:Grenadian
899:Dominican
894:Antillean
796:from the
623:Rodrigues
584:(locally
582:Mauritius
537:adstratum
433:Louisiana
325:Louisiana
218:Phonology
3322:Category
3182:Venetian
3156:Vallader
3146:Surmiran
3119:Cadorino
3102:Friulian
3035:Limousin
3004:BĂ©arnese
2966:Western
2948:Northern
2936:Menorcan
2926:Balearic
2917:Eastern
2913:dialects
2772:Castrapo
2729:Peruvian
2700:dialects
2633:European
2601:dialects
2588:Portugis
2569:Galician
2510:Asturian
2448:Savoyard
2400:Poitevin
2368:Cauchois
2342:JĂšrriais
2189:Canadian
2068:Varesino
2063:Ticinese
2051:Novarese
2046:Cremunés
2036:Ossolano
2031:Milanese
2019:Lecchese
1987:Brianzöö
1918:Ligurian
1884:Romagnol
1765:Arianese
1760:Irpinian
1755:Cilentan
1719:Pantesco
1714:Sicilian
1685:Southern
1621:Corsican
1597:Macerata
1592:Fabriano
1531:Oltenian
1501:dialects
1461:Southern
1306:Missouri
1216:Canadian
1156:European
1146:Lebanese
1105:Maghrebi
941:KaripĂșna
936:Guianese
887:Americas
798:KaripĂșna
781:Archived
673:Cameroon
653:See also
511:Suriname
499:in 1648.
489:Dominica
379:Americas
368:Americas
306:lexifier
194:Alphabet
141:personal
137:Pronouns
66:Dialects
44:a series
42:Part of
3287:Italics
3188:Chipilo
3131:Romansh
3094:Romance
3092:Rhaeto-
3057:Gardiol
3009:Landese
2999:Aranese
2984:Occitan
2943:Central
2907:Catalan
2898:Romance
2799:Creoles
2794:Saharan
2782:Murcian
2760:Llanito
2717:Chilean
2694:Spanish
2651:Creoles
2625:Mineiro
2607:African
2532:Riberan
2527:Leonese
2492:Iberian
2485:Romance
2412:Walloon
2385:Paydret
2363:Augeron
2303:Vosgien
2298:Gaumais
2293:Lorrain
2285:Creoles
2248:Muskrat
2194:Acadian
2122:Angevin
2112:Langues
2103:Romance
2009:Comasco
1982:Western
1975:Cremish
1965:Eastern
1960:Lombard
1928:Genoese
1923:Brigasc
1867:Emilian
1845:Western
1824:Istriot
1787:Vastese
1772:Molisan
1634:Italian
1570:Central
1516:CriÈana
1471:Eastern
1454:Western
1439:Eastern
1350:Related
1332:Haitian
1311:Muskrat
1268:Ontario
1246:Acadian
1174:Belgian
1136:Laotian
1110:African
1097:African
1031:Oceania
1010:RĂ©union
995:Agalega
974:TĂąy Bá»i
926:Haitian
740:marker
736:French
637:Pacific
614:RĂ©union
567:marker
466:marker
388:marker
350:History
321:Acadian
304:is the
296:, is a
232:Liaison
227:Elision
209:Braille
199:Reforms
127:Adverbs
118:Grammar
85:History
71:Creoles
3218:Others
3198:Talian
3193:Fiuman
3167:Others
3107:Fornes
3045:Niçard
2994:Gascon
2962:Patuet
2868:Others
2777:CastĂșo
2483:Ibero-
2443:Faetar
2390:Picard
2320:Norman
2308:Welche
2231:Magoua
2221:Quebec
2211:Brayon
2170:French
2152:RĂ©mois
2101:Gallo-
2056:Pavese
2014:Laghée
1992:Canzés
1943:Royasc
1805:Others
1740:Barese
1668:Tuscan
1614:Sabino
1587:Ancona
1560:Italo-
1371:Signed
1362:Michif
1241:Brayon
1234:Magoua
1224:Quebec
1197:Aostan
1164:French
1131:Indian
953:Michif
868:Nouchi
856:Africa
779:(11).
659:Michif
515:Guyana
443:KwĂ©yĂČl
413:, and
314:pidgin
302:French
298:creole
46:on the
3141:PutĂšr
3136:Jauer
3124:Nones
3114:Ladin
2613:Asian
2270:Houma
2243:MĂ©tis
2226:Joual
2199:Chiac
2164:Gallo
2114:d'oĂŻl
1506:Banat
1301:MĂ©tis
1286:Houma
1263:MĂ©tis
1251:Chiac
1229:Joual
1192:Swiss
1119:Asian
784:(PDF)
769:(PDF)
734:koiné
679:Notes
664:Chiac
586:Kreol
547:AmapĂĄ
529:AmapĂĄ
447:Patwa
411:TaĂno
407:Haiti
394:aprĂšs
310:koiné
292:, or
148:Verbs
3296:Bold
2881:CalĂł
2564:Fala
2490:West
1184:Law
1038:Tayo
967:Asia
742:Ă prĂš
728:and
643:Tayo
513:and
487:and
342:and
569:ape
390:ape
335:.
331:or
3324::
775:.
771:.
730:pe
726:ap
717:^
483:,
468:ka
327:,
323:,
288:A
2494:)
2488:(
1426:)
1422:(
1412:e
1405:t
1398:v
1072:e
1065:t
1058:v
840:e
833:t
826:v
777:3
588:)
457:.
441:(
423:(
401:(
269:e
262:t
255:v
173:)
153:(
143:)
139:(
20:)
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