33:
786:
53:
691:
Bungartz, F.; Calvelo, S.; Candan, M.; Cole, M. J.; Ertz, D.; Goffinet, B.; Lindblom, L.; Lücking, R.; Lutzoni, F.; Mattsson, J.-E.; Messuti, M.I.; Miadlikowska, J.; Piercey-Normore, M.D.; Rico, V. J.; Sipman, H.; Schmitt, I.; Spribille, T.; Thell, A.; Thor, G.; Upreti, D.K.; Lumbsch, H.T. (2010). "Phylogenetic generic classification of parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) based on molecular, morphological and chemical evidence".
690:
Crespo, A.; Kauff, F.; Divakar, P.K.; Prado, R. del; Pérez-Ortega, S.; Paz, G.A. de; Ferencova, Z.; Blanco, O.; Roca-Valiente, B.; Núñez-Zapata, J.; Cubas, P.; Argüello, A.; Elix, J.A.; Esslinger, T.L.; Hawksworth, D.L.; Millanes, A.M.; Molina, M.C.; Wedin, M.; Ahti, T.; Aptroot, A.; Barreno, E.;
844:
Grewe, Felix; Ametrano, Claudio; Widhelm, Todd J.; Leavitt, Steven; Distefano, Isabel; Polyiam, Wetchasart; Pizarro, David; Wedin, Mats; Crespo, Ana; Divakar, Pradeep K.; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (2020).
1008:
1095:
1034:
452:, "in recognition of the lead she has taken in rationalizing generic and specific concepts in the parmelioid lichens using molecular phylogenetic approaches."
386:
to contain this group, suggesting "generic rank is not appropriate ... as there are no features from the ascomata or conidiomata that distinguish it ... from
943:
417:
based on its shared morphological and chemical characteristics, albeit without providing phylogenetic support. In 2016, Kirika and colleagues suggested that
390:." In a later analysis, this subgenus was promoted to status as a distinct genus, due to both differences in thallus morphology, and its significant
982:
846:"Using target enrichment sequencing to study the higher-level phylogeny of the largest lichen-forming fungi family: Parmeliaceae (Ascomycota)"
755:
Kirika, Paul M.; Divakar, Pradeep K.; Crespo, Ana; Leavitt, Steven D.; Mugambi, George; Gatheri, Grace W.; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (2016).
425:, and treated as a subgenus, as per Hawksworth's proposal. In 2017, Michelin and colleagues confirmed the correct generic placement of
761:– uncovering incongruences between phenotype-based classification and molecular phylogeny within lichenized Ascomycota (Parmeliaceae)"
724:
group at the genus level with a discussion of the assignment of taxonomic rank based a priori on preconceived diagnostic characters"
626:
1090:
799:
Michlig, Andrea; Moreno, E.M. Sara; Solís Neffa, Viviana G. (2017). "Phylogenetic analyses support the recent placement of
1080:
1039:
52:
462:
373:
351:
168:
32:
785:
502:
248:
surface that is wrinkled and reticulately ridged to coarsely foveolate (having small pits or depressions).
192:
1085:
896:
482:
180:
472:
174:
149:
1075:
310:
has been reported from
Oceania and South America, including Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Venezuela.
276:
756:
492:
186:
974:
327:
264:
607:
561:
201:
47:
656:
1013:
1047:
956:
877:
1052:
867:
857:
824:
816:
772:
735:
700:
599:
553:
391:
268:
94:
263:
structure, with a strongly reticulately ridged and wrinkled upper surface, and medullary
820:
969:
872:
845:
434:
336:
948:
1069:
934:
611:
565:
359:
355:
346:
300:
241:
141:
114:
961:
919:
995:
928:
104:
862:
777:
603:
557:
449:
364:
341:
84:
740:
719:
132:
64:
881:
433:. An analysis of the phylogeny of the Parmeliaceae using a next-generation
299:
also extends into southern France and Italy, while the distribution of the
1021:
913:
380:
292:
987:
829:
704:
331:
260:
245:
1000:
1026:
237:
74:
890:
354:
demonstrated that this group of four species forms a well-supported
233:
669:. Three new genera in the Parmeliaceae (lichenized Ascomycotina)"
437:
technique (target enrichment sequencing) also supports accepting
401:
In 2014, Michel
Benatti and James Lendemer proposed transferring
894:
429:
using molecular analysis, and also confirmed the monophyly of
577:
575:
244:. Species in this genus are characterized by having an upper
368:, and were therefore unsuitably classified as members of
477:(B.de Lesd. ex Harm.) Lendemer & B.P.Hodk. (2013)
155:(B.de Lesd. ex Harm.) Lendemer & B.P.Hodk. (2013)
903:
718:Lendemer, James C.; Hodkinson, Brendan P. (2012).
527:
525:
523:
521:
582:Benatti, Michel N.; Lendemer, James C. (2014). "
655:Elix, J.A.; Johnston, J.; Vernon, D. (1986).
8:
487:(C.W.Dodge) Lendemer & B.P.Hodk. (2013)
362:to a clade containing members of the genus
891:
31:
20:
871:
861:
828:
776:
739:
467:(Zahlbr.) Lendemer & B.P.Hodk. (2013)
807:(Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota)".
590:(Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota)".
517:
322:were originally considered part of the
507:(Kremp.) Benatti & Lendemer (2014)
497:(Hale) Lendemer & B.P.Hodk. (2013)
1096:Taxa named by David Leslie Hawksworth
326:group, united by similarities in the
306:includes the US and southern Europe.
7:
295:distribution, although the range of
638:Smithsonian Contributions to Botany
14:
627:"A monograph of the lichen genus
135:) Lendemer & B.P.Hodk. (2013)
784:
51:
821:10.1127/nova_hedwigia/2017/0433
532:Hawksworth, David L. (2011). "
448:honours Spanish lichenologist
1:
407:Pseudoparmelia scrobicularis
344:in 1976, and then later in
334:. This group was placed in
259:species have a distinctive
1112:
863:10.1186/s43008-020-00051-x
801:Canoparmelia scrobicularis
778:10.11646/phytotaxa.289.1.2
584:Canoparmelia scrobicularis
421:should be subsumed within
411:Canoparmelia scrobicularis
604:10.1007/s12228-014-9331-7
558:10.1017/S0024282911000399
207:
200:
165:
160:
147:
140:
48:Scientific classification
46:
39:
30:
23:
757:"Polyphyly of the genus
542:Canoparmelia crozalsiana
271:, with the exception of
741:10.2509/naf2012.007.002
374:David Leslie Hawksworth
1091:Taxa described in 2011
722:Parmotrema crozalsiana
463:Crespoa carneopruinata
403:Parmelia scrobicularis
297:C. carneopruinata
287:All of the species in
275:, which has medullary
631:Lynge (Parmeliaceae)"
586:belongs to the genus
540:subgen. nov. for the
503:Crespoa scrobicularis
427:Crespoa scrobicularis
308:C. scrobicularis
728:North American Fungi
720:"Recognition of the
483:Crespoa inhaminensis
441:at the genus level.
330:of their vegetative
324:Parmelia crozalsiana
291:have a more or less
473:Crespoa crozalsiana
372:. For this reason,
304:C. crozalsiana
236:of five species of
150:Crespoa crozalsiana
41:Crespoa crozalsiana
1081:Lecanorales genera
705:10.1002/tax.596008
352:molecular analysis
277:protocetraric acid
1063:
1062:
1048:Open Tree of Life
897:Taxon identifiers
625:Hale, M. (1976).
508:
498:
488:
478:
468:
376:formally defined
350:. More recently,
225:
224:
219:
169:C. carneopruinata
136:
1103:
1056:
1055:
1043:
1042:
1030:
1029:
1017:
1016:
1004:
1003:
991:
990:
978:
977:
965:
964:
952:
951:
939:
938:
937:
924:
923:
922:
892:
886:
885:
875:
865:
841:
835:
834:
832:
815:(3–4): 529–537.
796:
790:
789:
788:
782:
780:
752:
746:
745:
743:
715:
709:
708:
699:(6): 1735–1753.
687:
681:
680:
652:
646:
645:
635:
622:
616:
615:
579:
570:
569:
529:
506:
496:
493:Crespoa schelpei
486:
476:
466:
392:genetic distance
269:constictic acids
218:D.Hawksw. (2011)
217:
193:C. scrobicularis
130:
56:
55:
35:
21:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1059:
1051:
1046:
1038:
1033:
1025:
1020:
1012:
1007:
999:
994:
986:
981:
973:
968:
960:
955:
947:
942:
933:
932:
927:
918:
917:
912:
899:
889:
843:
842:
838:
798:
797:
793:
783:
754:
753:
749:
717:
716:
712:
689:
688:
684:
654:
653:
649:
633:
624:
623:
619:
581:
580:
573:
531:
530:
519:
515:
458:
444:The genus name
405:(also known as
316:
285:
254:
190:
184:
181:C. inhaminensis
178:
172:
156:
153:
129:
95:Lecanoromycetes
50:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1109:
1107:
1099:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1068:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1057:
1044:
1031:
1018:
1005:
992:
979:
966:
953:
940:
925:
909:
907:
901:
900:
895:
888:
887:
836:
791:
747:
710:
682:
647:
629:Pseudoparmelia
617:
598:(3): 287–291.
571:
552:(6): 647–648.
516:
514:
511:
510:
509:
499:
489:
479:
469:
457:
454:
435:DNA sequencing
358:clade that is
337:Pseudoparmelia
315:
312:
284:
281:
253:
250:
240:in the family
223:
222:
221:
220:
205:
204:
198:
197:
175:C. crozalsiana
163:
162:
158:
157:
154:
145:
144:
138:
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122:
118:
117:
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108:
107:
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78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
62:
58:
57:
44:
43:
37:
36:
28:
27:
16:Genus of fungi
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1108:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1086:Lichen genera
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1054:
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840:
837:
831:
826:
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818:
814:
810:
809:Nova Hedwigia
806:
802:
795:
792:
787:
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774:
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766:
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760:
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547:
546:Lichenologist
543:
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63:
60:
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54:
49:
45:
42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
1076:Parmeliaceae
904:
853:
849:
839:
812:
808:
804:
800:
794:
771:(1): 36–48.
768:
764:
759:Canoparmelia
758:
750:
731:
727:
721:
713:
696:
692:
685:
676:
672:
667:Relicinopsis
666:
663:Paraparmelia
662:
659:Canoparmelia
658:
650:
641:
637:
628:
620:
595:
591:
587:
583:
549:
545:
541:
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533:
501:
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438:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
400:
395:
387:
383:
377:
370:Canoparmelia
369:
363:
356:monophyletic
347:Canoparmelia
345:
335:
323:
319:
317:
307:
303:
301:type species
296:
288:
286:
283:Distribution
272:
256:
255:
242:Parmeliaceae
228:
227:
226:
214:
210:
191:
185:
179:
173:
167:
166:
148:
142:Type species
125:
124:
115:Parmeliaceae
40:
24:
18:
996:iNaturalist
929:Wikispecies
830:11336/43594
318:Species in
273:C. schelpei
252:Description
187:C. schelpei
105:Lecanorales
1070:Categories
850:IMA Fungus
734:(2): 1–5.
534:Parmotrema
513:References
450:Ana Crespo
423:Parmotrema
396:Parmotrema
388:Parmotrema
378:Parmotrema
365:Parmotrema
342:Mason Hale
328:morphology
211:Parmotrema
85:Ascomycota
81:Division:
944:AusLichen
920:Q21216506
856:(1): 27.
765:Phytotaxa
679:: 271–82.
673:Mycotaxon
592:Brittonia
133:D.Hawksw.
71:Kingdom:
65:Eukaryota
1022:MycoBank
1014:11914556
970:Fungorum
949:30017355
914:Wikidata
882:33317627
612:18657666
566:86356671
544:clade".
536:subgen.
381:subgenus
314:Taxonomy
293:tropical
213:subgen.
202:Synonyms
161:Species
111:Family:
61:Domain:
1053:5347668
1040:1709409
988:9787238
935:Crespoa
905:Crespoa
873:7734834
805:Crespoa
644:: 1–62.
588:Crespoa
538:Crespoa
456:Species
446:Crespoa
439:Crespoa
431:Crespoa
419:Crespoa
415:Crespoa
384:Crespoa
332:thallus
320:Crespoa
289:Crespoa
265:stictic
261:thallus
257:Crespoa
246:thallus
229:Crespoa
215:Crespoa
126:Crespoa
121:Genus:
101:Order:
91:Class:
25:Crespoa
1027:564129
1001:464071
975:564129
880:
870:
610:
564:
360:sister
238:lichen
1009:IRMNG
803:into
693:Taxon
634:(PDF)
608:S2CID
562:S2CID
413:) to
394:from
234:genus
232:is a
75:Fungi
1035:NCBI
983:GBIF
962:3VNF
878:PMID
665:and
409:and
267:and
957:CoL
868:PMC
858:doi
825:hdl
817:doi
813:105
773:doi
769:289
736:doi
701:doi
600:doi
554:doi
340:by
1072::
1050::
1037::
1024::
1011::
998::
985::
972::
959::
946::
931::
916::
876:.
866:.
854:11
852:.
848:.
823:.
811:.
767:.
763:.
730:.
726:.
697:59
695:.
677:27
675:.
671:.
661:,
642:31
640:.
636:.
606:.
596:66
594:.
574:^
560:.
550:43
548:.
520:^
398:.
279:.
884:.
860::
833:.
827::
819::
781:.
775::
744:.
738::
732:7
707:.
703::
657:"
614:.
602::
568:.
556::
131:(
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