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Pyonyando province. These two gangs claimed dominance over northern Seoul. With the military in control, in the years from 1961 to 1963 13,000 members of these gangs were arrested causing organized gangs to almost completely disappear (Lee, 2006). The 1970s brought an easing of public discipline and control, and opportunities for organized crime emerged again. This saw the emergence of two new groups known as the “Master
Sergeant Shin Faction” which was located in the Seoul area and the “Ho-nam Faction” found in the Mugyo-dong area of Seoul. In 1975 there was a violent battle over territories among the two groups which ended with the Shin Faction becoming victorious.
81:
24:
314:. The index shows qualitative assessments of a country's level of corruption in the administrative and public sectors giving a yearly view of the relative degree of corruption by ranking countries from all over the globe. It uses data taken from opinion surveys of experts from each country. The reputation of the country's law enforcement agency has recently been tarnished after a number of ranking government officials, including the head of the state intelligence agency, were indicted for alleged bribery.
116:. There is also a problem in the nation with foreign criminals targeting it due to its relatively affluent status and the perception that it has lax security. 1.4 percent of crimes in the nation are committed by foreigners, which is quite low considering the 3.5% of the population is non-Korean. According to British criminal Colin Blaney in his autobiography 'Undesirables', the country is targeted by English, Canadian, American and German criminals.
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With the 1985 Asian Games and the 1988 Seoul Summer
Olympics global expansion became a possibility and criminal groups took advantage of this opportunity for rapid economic development. Taking advantage of the Korean government's open-door and globalization policies, these crime groups began to form coalitions with their counterparts in Japan, China, Hong Kong, and the United States.
130:
108:, the crime rate in 2007 was around 2.9 times higher than in 1978, with the total number of crimes committed rising from 513,165 to 1,965,577. On occasion, sudden changes in circumstance have led to cause short-term fluctuations in the crime rate – for example, the crime rate rose by 15% following the
253:
With the trend of economic growth and globalization, organized crime groups in South Korea have become larger in scale and broader in their fields of operations. These international linkages have started to include drug trafficking, financial fraud, weapons smuggling, and human trafficking. Organized
245:
Upon the assassination of
President Park in 1979 “special measures to uproot social evils” were initiated under the proclaimed martial law which led to a decline in organized criminal violence. But with the relaxed atmosphere these criminal organizations remerged and flourished yet again (Lee, 2006).
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Due to the large police and military presence after the Korean War, the expansion of home-grown organized crime was slowed, almost giving South Korea immunity against international criminal organizations. With no outside conflicts South Korean organized crime has had an advantage to grow, yet because
351:
The sex trade involved some 94 million transactions in 2007, down from 170 million in 2002. The number of prostitutes dropped by 18 percent to 269,000 during the same period. The amount of money traded for prostitution was over 14 trillion won, compared to than 24 trillion won in 2002. Despite legal
274:
According to the
Supreme Prosecutors’ Office, there were 7,011 arrests for drug offences in 2011 which was a 7 percent drop from the previous year. The U.S., by way of comparison, in 2010 made more than 1.6 million drug arrests, more than 36 times Korea’s figure, even after differences in population
317:
Some 86.5 percent of respondents in a Korea
Institute of Public Administration survey of small and large companies described corruption among high-ranking public officials as “serious” in 2010, the highest result since the poll began in 2000. Transparency International, a corruption watchdog, gave
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Traditional South Korean criminal groups fights rarely resulted in deaths as they fought with their hands, feet and heads. Knives and metal bars only began to show up as weapons in the 1970s. In today’s South Korean society, no person may be in possession of any guns, swords or knives, which may
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In 1990 the Korean
Government declared a “war on crime” in an effort to crack down on violent and non-violent acts by criminally organized groups. The raids in the fall of 1990 crippled most of the existing criminal groups, but did not destroy them. As one way of better controlling the number of
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In South Korea, murder is uncommon. Gangseo
District and Yeongdeungpo Districts are the two most well-known areas where murders happen most often. In 2013, there were 21 murder cases in the Gangseo District and 11 murder cases in the Yeongdeungpo District. These two districts are found on the
237:
Organized crime after the War started mainly in the city of Seoul, the capital city of South Korea. Two main gangs formed, the first was known as the “Chong-ro
Faction” which was made up of members from southern Korea, and the second was known as the “Myung-dong Faction” whose members were from
266:
The use of drugs in South Korea is a lesser offence; however, there are still drug related offences in South Korea. Most of the drug related offences occur in the
Gangnam and Yongsan Districts. In 2013, there were 129 drug related crimes reported in the Gangnam area and 48 drug related crimes
233:
Amid the political confusion of the 1950s, a number of organized gangs emerged and became an influential force in the entertainment districts. Soon these groups began associating with politicians, guarding them from danger and disrupting the political rallies of competing politicians by using
347:
13 billion) in 2007. In 2003, the Korean
Institute of Criminology announced that 260,000 women, or 1 of 25 of young Korean women, may be engaged in the sex industry. However, the Korean Feminist Association alleged that from 514,000 to 1.2 million Korean women participate in the prostitution
225:
South Korea has undergone dramatic social, economic and political upheaval since the end of the Korean War in 1953. With these changes crime has increased in recent years and has become a major issue in South Korea. Most of the increase has come in the form of violence and illegal activities
291:
A Dongguk University Police Administration professor, Kwak Dae-gyung said, “there are many foreign residents that have yet to adapt to Korean society and citizens lower in the economic strata in these areas, there’s trouble in terms of economic competition and a lengthy period of cultural
278:
Crystal Meth remains the most commonly used drug, accounting for most drug related arrests. Other drugs that are well known are club drugs such as ecstasy. These continue to grow in popularity among college students. However, methamphetamine continues to be the drug of choice for Koreans.
318:
South Korea a rating of 5.4 in its 2010 corruption perceptions index — midway between highly corrupt and very clean. That ranks South Korea alongside countries and territories such as Botswana, Puerto Rico and Poland but far below many of the developed nations it has sought to emulate.
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criminal groups, the Korean Government made it illegal to form or join any criminal organization. Statistics from the Supreme Prosecutor’s Office showed that in 1999 there were 11,500 members from 404 organized crimes groups ranging from 10 to 88 members in South Korea.
270:
A Gangnam District representative said, “drugs are usually distributed through the club network, in Gangnam, foreign students and club operators tend to be involved in the drug trade, a relatively easy way to make money.”
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South Korea dropped one notch in an international corruption awareness ranking to 46th place among 177 nations in 2013. According to the 2014 Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) issued by
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industry. In addition, a similar report by the Institute noted that 20% of men in their 20s pay for sex at least four times a month, with 358,000 visiting prostitutes daily.
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of the location of the Korean peninsula many outside groups from Russia, Japan and China have started to engage in more illegal activities in South Korea.
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sanctions and police crackdowns, prostitution continues to flourish in the country, while sex workers continue to actively resist the state's activities.
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370:. They are raped and physically and psychologically harmed in brothels, businesses, homes, hotels, and other locations throughout the country.
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is illegal, but according to The Korea Women's Development Institute 여성부 , the sex trade in the country was estimated to amount to 14 trillion
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815:"Changing attitude toward sex threatens South Korea / Growing promiscuity, lack of education may lead to increase in AIDS, experts say"
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assimilation that leads to people committing violent crimes out of frustration and the need for frequent police action.”
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are accounted for. The drug that is most common is Crystalline Methamphetamine also known as Crystal Meth.
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927:"They wanted to be K-pop stars. Instead, these Brazilian women were forced into prostitution, police say"
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has become a major concern facing not only Korean government, but also the international community.
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southwest part of the capital, Seoul, which house many low income citizens and foreign workers.
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organized violence. These particular groups were the so-called “political gangs” or “henchmen”.
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South Korea has a relatively low crime rate compared to other industrialized countries.
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873:"K-pop hopefuls from Brazil forced into prostitution in South Korea, police announce"
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Sex trade accounts for 1.6% of GDP. KWDI: Korea Women's Development Institute
389:
436:"An empirical overview of rights performance in Asia, France, and the USA"
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220:
981:"Seoul: Filipinas forced into sex trade with foreigners and US soldiers"
665:"2013 Seoul Crime Rates: Rape in Gwanak, Drugs in Gangnam - koreaBANG"
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945:"South Korean arrested for trafficking Thai women for sex trade"
909:"USFK: Troops cannot pay for the companionship of "juicy girls""
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963:"S. Korea still failing to effectively fight human trafficking"
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South Korean and foreign women and girls have been victims of
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783:"Asia Times - News and analysis from Korea; North and South"
891:"Thai teen rescued from forced prostitution in South Korea"
742:. U.S. Department of State. March 11, 2010. Archived from
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explain why traditional crime groups did not use weapons.
1039:"Police identify 8,000 people in South Korea's sex trade"
555:"Foreign Criminals Increase". Global Post. 25 March 2013.
722:"S. Korea inches down to 46th on int'l corruption index"
604:
Lee, Seungmug (2006). "Organized Crime In South Korea".
1017:"Underage sex trafficking in South Korea getting worse"
151:
999:"USFK video links 'juicy bars' with human trafficking"
112:, and dropped by 21% during the first ten days of the
847:"S Korean sex workers rally against police crackdown"
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740:"2009 Human Rights Report: Republic of Korea"
8:
758:"Korea's sex industry is major money earner"
156:introducing citations to additional sources
789:. Archived from the original on 2004-09-26.
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542:"Foreign population reaches all-time high"
498:. Princeton University Press. p. 97.
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68:Learn how and when to remove this message
310:(TI), South Korea scored 55 out of 100.
146:Relevant discussion may be found on the
31:This article includes a list of general
849:. AP News. May 17, 2011. Archived from
426:
792:
702:"South Korea's corruption index falls"
469:Crime and Punishment Around the World
7:
530:from the original on July 22, 2013.
104:has a lower crime rate than other
37:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
700:Choi, He-suk (December 7, 2012).
465:"South Korea (Republic of Korea)"
1441:
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1023:. April 16, 2019. Archived from
570:. John Blake. pp. 235–240.
520:"Crime rate tumbles in S. Korea"
139:relies largely or entirely on a
128:
22:
226:connected to organized groups.
1399:British Indian Ocean Territory
467:. In Newman, Graeme R. (ed.).
368:sex trafficking in South Korea
362:Sex trafficking in South Korea
267:reported in the Yongsan area.
1:
492:Mishkin, Frederic S. (2009).
495:The Next Great Globalization
434:Peerenboom, Randall (2013).
312:Corruption Perceptions Index
337:Prostitution in South Korea
328:Prostitution in South Korea
110:1997 Asian financial crisis
1484:
833:February 13, 2012, at the
640:"신상사파 대부 "호텔기습 조양은,무릎꿇고…""
359:
325:
308:Transparency International
299:
218:
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799:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
618:10.1007/s12117-006-1003-x
606:Trends in Organized Crime
471:. ABC-CLIO. p. 212.
442:. Routledge. p. 16.
302:Corruption in South Korea
1148:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
949:South China Morning Post
877:South China Morning Post
726:english.yonhapnews.co.kr
106:industrialized countries
1409:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
395:Hwaseong serial murders
52:more precise citations.
566:Blaney, Colin (2014).
463:Joo, Hee-Jong (2010).
380:Outline of South Korea
332:Prosecutor sex scandal
167:"Crime in South Korea"
89:
86:National Police Agency
83:
1468:Crime in South Korea
1323:United Arab Emirates
1005:. December 20, 2012.
969:. February 24, 2016.
933:. September 4, 2019.
897:. November 16, 2017.
879:. September 2, 2019.
544:. 23 September 2014.
440:Human Rights in Asia
152:improve this article
84:Headquarters of the
1350:limited recognition
1045:. November 2, 2011.
915:. October 30, 2014.
764:English. 2003-02-06
256:transnational crime
114:2002 FIFA World Cup
1027:on March 28, 2020.
987:. January 1, 2009.
951:. August 19, 2017.
746:on March 13, 2010.
90:
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1392:other territories
1003:Stars and Stripes
669:www.koreabang.com
648:. March 18, 2013.
526:. June 13, 2002.
505:978-1-4008-2944-6
478:978-0-313-35134-1
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768:2009-07-13
421:References
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