43:
945:
1067:, the U.S. Supreme Court held that reasonable attorneys' fees could be awarded to the defendant under 42 U.S.C. Sec. 1988, but only for costs that the defendant would not have incurred "but for the frivolous claims." Even when there is no actual trial or judgment, if there is only pre-trial motion practice such as motions to dismiss, attorney fee shifting still can be awarded under
1071:
Rule 11 when the opposing party files a Motion for
Sanctions and the court issue an order identifying the sanctioned conduct and the basis for the sanction. The losing party has a right to appeal any order for sanctions in the higher court. In the state courts, each party is generally responsible
966:
have developed their own requirements included in Local Rules for filing with the Court. Local Rules can set up a limit on the number of pages, establish deadlines for motions and responses, explain whether it is acceptable to combine a motion petition with a response, specify if a judge needs an
666:(FRCP) that govern civil litigation in United States courts provide that a civil action is commenced with the filing or service of a pleading called a complaint. Civil court rules in states that have incorporated the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure use the same term for the same pleading.
669:
In Civil Law, a "complaint" is the first formal action taken to officially begin a lawsuit. This written document contains the allegations against the defense, the specific laws violated, the facts that led to the dispute, and any demands made by the plaintiff to restore justice.
1045:
A person making a redacted filing can file an unredacted copy under seal, or the Court can choose to order later that an additional filing be made under seal without redaction. Copies of both redacted and unredacted documents filed with court should be provided to the other
1108:
as part of a drastic reform of
English legal terminology. Thus, in England and Wales, a claimant now initiates a claim by filing a claim form (instead of a writ of summons), and either pleads particulars of claim on the claim form itself or as a separate document.
1350:
836:– an official summary document which the plaintiff needs to have served together with the complaint. The defendants have limited time to respond, depending on the State or Federal rules. A defendant's failure to answer a complaint can result in a
791:"), with specific details about application of the governing law to each count. In this section the plaintiff usually cites existing Law, previous decisions of the court where the case is being processed, decisions of the higher
1058:
Before filing the complaint, it is important for plaintiff(s) to remember that
Federal courts can impose liability for the prevailing party's attorney fees to the losing party, if the judge considers the case
1725:
909:
is the biggest database of full text state and federal courts decisions that can be accessed without charge. These web search engines often allow one to select specific state courts to search.
1544:
617:
1375:
1571:
1022:
from the filings made with the court and accompanying exhibits, (exhibits normally do not need to be attached to the original complaint, but should be presented to Court after the
1164:
748:
at the top of the complaint. The case caption usually also indicates the court in which the case originates, names of the parties and a brief description of the document.
933:
57:
726:
459:
682:
610:
729:
litigants; if a petitioner cannot find an appropriate form in their state, they often can modify a form from another state to fit his or her request. Several
1496:
778:- optional section which defines some terms used throughout the document. The main purpose of a definition is to achieve clarity without needless repetition.
1594:
1807:
1672:
1551:
898:. This allows the judge to make determinations about which deadlines to set for different phases of the case, as it moves through the court system.
603:
697:
presented by the prosecutor without the grand jury process. In most U.S. jurisdictions, the charging instrument presented to and authorized by a
905:
to assist parties in finding court decisions that can be cited in the complaint as an example or analogy to resolve similar questions of law.
1019:
1026:). The redacted text can be erased with black-out or white-out, and the page should have an indication that it was redacted - most often by
107:
498:
1517:
547:
1575:
1153:
673:
In some jurisdictions, specific types of criminal cases may also be commenced by the filing of a complaint, also sometimes called a
267:
91:
681:. Most criminal cases are prosecuted in the name of the governmental authority that promulgates criminal statutes and enforces the
552:
1700:
1223:
1068:
995:
959:
864:
663:
503:
118:
1619:
1425:
1189:
988:
832:
to the opposite parties, but usually petitioners are not allowed to serve the complaint personally. The court also can issue a
792:
1030:
word "redacted" on the bottom. Alternately, the filing party may ask the court's permission to file some exhibits completely
1007:
929:
925:
808:
clause) - describes the relief that plaintiff is seeking as a result of the lawsuit. The relief can include a request for
149:
1655:
936:; it allows lawyers and self-represented clients to obtain documents entered in the case much faster than regular mail.
921:
844:
730:
508:
123:
751:
493:
144:
73:
646:(s)) believes are sufficient to support a claim against the party or parties against whom the claim is brought (the
1278:
1081:
887:
258:
31:
1500:
991:
the motion completely, or order the party to re-file its motion, or grant a special exception to the Local Rules.
758:- this section describes why the case should be heard in the selected court rather than some other court or forum.
967:
additional copy of the documents (called "judge's copy"), etc. Local Rules can define page layout elements like:
197:
160:
1802:
1797:
880:
872:
1296:
1325:
421:
1003:
382:
377:
154:
1097:
1050:. Some courts also require that an additional electronic courtesy copy be emailed to the other parties.
477:
414:
177:
963:
817:
809:
558:
226:
165:
1781:
1777:
968:
950:
409:
314:
288:
190:
1471:
1133:
829:
690:
359:
329:
294:
1060:
798:
Injury - plaintiff explains to the judge how the actions of the defendant(s) harmed his rights.
980:
902:
659:
543:
53:
987:, etc. If the filed motion does not comply with the Local Rules then the judge can choose to
1063:
or for purposes of harassment, even when the case was voluntarily dismissed. In the case of
1031:
837:
821:
404:
399:
369:
1524:
1118:
1023:
876:
784:
734:
694:
686:
635:
364:
354:
253:
220:
744:
Caption and heading - lists name, address and telephone number of the filing attorney or
999:
944:
917:
906:
801:
718:
639:
488:
334:
69:
1693:
1400:
1230:
979:, and provide directions on how the pages need to be bound together – i.e. acceptable
886:
In many U.S. jurisdictions, a complaint submitted to a court must be accompanied by a
1791:
1429:
655:
513:
1196:
1027:
856:
795:, and cases from other courts, - as an analogy to resolve similar questions of law.
651:
528:
324:
299:
284:
263:
132:
17:
1401:"An Examination of Citation Counts in a New Scholarly Communication Environment"
1047:
1035:
1015:
913:
895:
848:
761:
755:
441:
211:
183:
859:
within 21 days after being served with the summons and complaint, or request a
1726:"Rule 11 - Signing Pleadings, Motions, and Other Papers; ... | 2019 FRCP"
984:
976:
813:
788:
775:
714:
702:
698:
589:
533:
304:
1750:
1648:
1351:"Rule 12. Defenses and Objections; Judgment on the Pleadings ... | FRCP"
1254:
634:
is any formal legal document that sets out the facts and legal reasons (see:
30:
This article is about the legal usage. For complaints in other contexts, see
868:
769:
765:
693:). In the United States, the complaint is often associated with misdemeanor
647:
643:
470:
451:
446:
319:
867:
Rule 12. After the civil complaint has been served to the defendants, the
1128:
1123:
1039:
1011:
582:
279:
236:
1282:
852:
833:
538:
344:
309:
891:
860:
745:
722:
571:
1673:"Fox v. Vice, 131 S. Ct. 2205 - Supreme Court 2011 - Google Scholar"
781:
Statement of facts - lists facts that brought the case to the court.
689:, such as the State (also sometimes called the People) or Crown (in
1376:"FRCP 26. Duty to Disclose; General Provisions Governing Discovery"
890:, which sets forth specific key information about the case and the
1649:"Awards of Attorneys' Fees by Federal Courts and Federal Agencies"
943:
431:
972:
828:
After the complaint has been filed with the court, it has to be
465:
1595:"Rule 5.2 - Privacy Protection for Filings Made with the Court"
36:
740:
A complaint generally has the following structural elements:
855:
and complaint in a civil case. The defendant must submit an
1161:
United States
District Court, Northern district of Illinois
1545:"Local Rules of U.S. District Court, District of Oklahoma"
1518:"Local Rules of U.S. District Court, District of Indiana"
1446:
1072:
only for its own attorney fees, with certain exceptions.
1572:"Local Rules of U.S. District Court, District of Oregon"
65:
27:
Legal document, the filing of which initiates a lawsuit
847:, any person who is at least 18 years old and not a
733:publish general guidelines for the petitioners and
1694:"Attorneys' Fees in Federal Civil Rights Lawsuits"
883:to the judge within 14 days after the conference.
1038:'s name of the petitions should be replaced with
975:, distance between lines, mandatory footer text,
934:Administrative Office of the United States Courts
914:Public Access to Court Electronic Records (PACER)
875:between the parties to plan for the rest of the
787:- a numbered list of legal allegations (called "
685:of the state with the goal of seeking criminal
1279:"US District Court of Idaho - PRO SE HANDBOOK"
879:and then the parties should submit a proposed
820:and actual damages (such as monetary relief),
611:
50:The examples and perspective in this article
8:
804:(also known as the prayer for relief or the
1539:
1537:
1447:"Public Access to Court Electronic Records"
1512:
1510:
618:
604:
103:
1566:
1564:
650:(s)) that entitles the plaintiff(s) to a
92:Learn how and when to remove this message
1589:
1587:
1585:
1441:
1439:
1320:
1318:
1297:"Drafting Legal Documents, Definitions"
1145:
1092:. This was then replaced in 1998 with
570:
430:
390:
343:
235:
210:
131:
106:
1642:
1640:
1218:
1216:
1730:2019 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
1624:2019 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
1599:2019 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
1380:2019 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
1355:2019 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
1330:2019 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
1224:"Civil Rights Complaint Guide - Utah"
824:(non-compensatory), and other relief.
7:
1154:"Summary of civil case proceedings"
25:
1808:Civil procedure legal terminology
901:There are also freely accessible
1661:from the original on 2006-04-26.
996:Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
960:Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
717:has some forms available on the
664:Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
119:Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
41:
1751:"Pro Se Guide - South Carolina"
1706:from the original on 2011-09-19
1170:from the original on 2016-12-12
1100:, which also replaced the word
948:Example page from Complaint in
932:. The system is managed by the
930:United States bankruptcy courts
926:United States courts of appeals
721:for most common complaints for
1190:"Pro Se Litigant Guide - Utah"
1008:Taxpayer Identification Number
504:Notwithstanding verdict (JNOV)
1:
922:United States district courts
871:must, as soon as practicable
1780:Second Amended Complaint in
845:United States federal courts
840:in favor of the petitioner.
731:United States federal courts
124:Doctrines of civil procedure
1620:"Rule 54 - Judgment; Costs"
912:Federal courts created the
68:, discuss the issue on the
1824:
1082:Rules of the Supreme Court
916:system to obtain case and
888:Case Information Statement
746:self-representing litigant
259:Case Information Statement
32:Complaint (disambiguation)
29:
983:, number and location of
494:As a matter of law (JMOL)
630:In legal terminology, a
391:Resolution without trial
816:(non-monetary relief),
56:and do not represent a
1778:Example of a Complaint
1004:Social Security number
1002:, sensitive text like
955:
642:party or parties (the
383:Request for production
378:Request for admissions
1098:Civil Procedure Rules
947:
920:information from the
873:initiate a conference
701:is referred to as an
416:Involuntary dismissal
1476:Resource Collections
1094:particulars of claim
1018:'s names, should be
1014:, bank accounts and
964:U.S. district courts
810:declaratory judgment
662:). For example, the
559:Declaratory judgment
227:Forum non conveniens
110:in the United States
74:create a new article
66:improve this article
52:deal primarily with
1782:Anderson v. Cryovac
1497:"LOCAL COURT RULES"
1255:"Pro Se Guide - SC"
1048:parties in the case
951:Anderson v. Cryovac
691:Commonwealth realms
509:Motion to set aside
410:Voluntary dismissal
315:Indispensable party
289:affirmative defense
1326:"Rule 4 - Summons"
1134:Service of process
1090:statement of claim
1084:replaced the term
956:
940:Filing and privacy
903:web search engines
675:criminal complaint
360:Initial conference
345:Pretrial procedure
18:Criminal complaint
1472:"Trial Documents"
1303:. August 15, 2016
1301:National Archives
1076:England and Wales
894:representing the
877:discovery process
814:injunctive relief
802:Demand for relief
737:complaint forms.
727:self-representing
660:injunctive relief
628:
627:
102:
101:
94:
76:, as appropriate.
54:the United States
16:(Redirected from
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1574:. Archived from
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1550:. Archived from
1549:
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1529:
1523:. Archived from
1522:
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1499:. Archived from
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1484:
1482:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1443:
1434:
1433:
1428:. Archived from
1426:"Google Scholar"
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1281:. Archived from
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1269:
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1266:
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1259:
1251:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1235:
1229:. Archived from
1228:
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1211:
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1207:
1201:
1195:. Archived from
1194:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1169:
1158:
1150:
843:For example, in
838:default judgment
822:punitive damages
812:, a request for
793:appellate courts
713:Virtually every
695:criminal charges
679:felony complaint
620:
613:
606:
417:
405:Summary judgment
400:Default judgment
150:Federal question
104:
97:
90:
86:
83:
77:
45:
44:
37:
21:
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1803:Civil procedure
1798:Legal documents
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1119:Cause of action
1115:
1078:
1056:
985:fastening holes
958:In addition to
942:
863:, according to
830:properly served
785:Cause of action
711:
636:cause of action
624:
595:
564:
531:
522:
491:
482:
478:Burden of proof
426:
415:
374:
365:Interrogatories
339:
273:
254:Cause of action
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221:Change of venue
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147:
109:
108:Civil procedure
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1772:External links
1770:
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1717:
1685:
1664:
1636:
1611:
1581:
1578:on 2010-05-27.
1560:
1557:on 2009-12-29.
1533:
1530:on 2006-09-23.
1506:
1503:on 2010-05-22.
1488:
1463:
1435:
1432:on 2004-12-29.
1417:
1392:
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1314:
1288:
1285:on 2000-08-15.
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1111:
1077:
1074:
1055:
1052:
977:page numbering
962:, many of the
954:landmark case.
941:
938:
907:Google Scholar
881:discovery plan
826:
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60:of the subject
58:worldwide view
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1451:www.pacer.gov
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1250:
1247:
1236:on 2012-09-07
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1202:on 2011-06-17
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1080:In 1883, the
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1054:Attorney fees
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1041:
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994:According to
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553:English rule
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499:Renewed JMOL
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330:Intervention
325:Interpleader
300:Counterclaim
264:Class action
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198:Quasi in rem
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161:Supplemental
133:Jurisdiction
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1065:Fox v. Vice
776:Definitions
638:) that the
517:(new trial)
370:Depositions
184:In personam
1792:Categories
1240:2011-05-12
1206:2011-05-12
1140:References
1032:under seal
770:defendants
766:plaintiffs
715:U.S. state
703:indictment
699:grand jury
590:Certiorari
534:Injunction
422:Settlement
305:Crossclaim
1102:plaintiff
1086:complaint
1061:frivolous
1024:discovery
981:fasteners
973:font/size
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806:ad damnum
687:sanctions
648:defendant
644:plaintiff
632:complaint
471:voir dire
452:defendant
447:plaintiff
355:Discovery
320:Impleader
249:Complaint
237:Pleadings
155:Diversity
70:talk page
1701:Archived
1656:Archived
1405:dlib.org
1165:Archived
1129:Pleading
1124:Petition
1113:See also
1106:claimant
1040:initials
1028:stamping
1020:redacted
1016:children
1012:birthday
654:(either
583:Mandamus
489:Judgment
280:Demurrer
270:) )
268:2005 Act
178:Personal
82:May 2017
64:You may
1096:by the
998:(FRCP)
971:, text
969:margins
896:parties
892:lawyers
853:summons
834:summons
762:Parties
723:lawyers
539:Damages
519: )
515:De novo
468: (
442:Parties
310:Joinder
287: (
266: (
166:Removal
1174:25 May
989:strike
928:, and
918:docket
861:waiver
857:answer
789:counts
652:remedy
640:filing
572:Appeal
529:Remedy
460:Pro se
285:Answer
191:In rem
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1036:minor
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756:venue
432:Trial
295:Reply
212:Venue
72:, or
1761:2019
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1265:2019
1176:2022
1069:FRCP
1034:. A
865:FRCP
768:and
754:and
725:and
466:Jury
1000:5.2
719:web
677:or
658:or
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