Criminal law of the United States

1111: 3718:, although punishable, is an intentional form of homicide that involves certain elements to justify this lesser charge. The "Heat of Passion" and "Cooling off Period" are subjective justifications that are based on circumstance and motives where proof of murder is not available. For example, a person who, observing his spouse having sex with his lifelong rival, grabs a nearby gun, and immediately kills them, is more likely to be accused of manslaughter than murder. The killer is seen as consumed by passion so great that primal aggression overwhelms reason, but with no evidence of marital problems or the like. 3388:. For example, X goes on a hill overlooking the field that Y is playing on, intentionally dislodges a large boulder, and directs it towards Y intending to kill Y. If it kills Y, concurrence is established. However, if the dislodged boulder gets stuck in a tree, and X gives up, no crime attaches. However, if later the boulder becomes dislodged in any way other than X dislodging it with the intention of killing Y and then it kills Y, no concurrence is established, and X committed no crime. 1292:, 11 U.S. 32 (1812). The acceptance of common law crimes varies at the state level. These states expressly retain a role for common law crimes: Alabama, Connecticut, the District of Columbia, Florida, Idaho, Maryland, Michigan, Mississippi, New Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Virginia, and Washington. All recognize the common law authority of judges to convict for conduct not criminalized by statute. 3062: 3750:. Use of a deadly weapon increases the sentence and depends on the action of the defendant during the commission of the act. Robbery requires the acquisition of another's property and the use or threat of force to do so. A sleeping man cannot be aware that someone is taking his property. Therefore, a thief cannot be charged with robbery because no force is involved. Instead, the individual would likely be charged with larceny. 3554:. Mistake of fact occurs when the defendant misunderstands a fact that negates an element of the crime. Mistake of law is the misunderstanding, incorrect application, or ignorance of the law's existence at the time of the offense. These mistakes must be honest, made in good faith, and reasonable to an ordinary person. Using mistake as a defense does not work in strict liability cases where the defendant's intent is irrelevant. 5126: 3869:. Punishment may increase if the age gap is greater than a certain number of years, or if the minor is under another, younger age. For example, if the age of consent is 18, the state may punish the crime more severely if the minor is also two or more years younger than the perpetrator, or if the minor is younger than 16. Most states require the accused to be aware of the minor's age prior to or during the act. 3128: 1014: 1533: 34: 3093:

attributed beyond doubt to voluntary efforts. Ordinarily, a voluntary act refers to commission. However, as discussed below, some laws punish failure to act. A status is not a voluntary act. For example, no law is constitutional that makes it a crime to be addicted to illegal drugs, as opposed to using them, as demonstrated in

1332:, limiting federal laws to the powers granted to Congress. For example, drug crimes, which comprise a large percentage of federal criminal cases, are subject to federal control because drugs are a commodity traded across state lines, thus making controlled substances subject to regulation by Congress in the 3686:

act. A planned event, with a design to murder another human being, such as a gang member planning a contract murder or a serial killer outlining the steps to kidnapping his next victim, are committing premeditated acts when, if caught and charged, usually are accepted as proof of malicious premeditation.

4098:

is encouraging, requesting, enticing, or commanding another to commit a crime. The defendant must intend to convince another to commit the crime, and the crime of solicitation is completed when the defendant communicates the request to another party. The crime has been committed regardless of whether

4067:

is effort to commit a crime that goes beyond preparation. To prove attempt, the person must have intended to commit a crime, acted with that criminal intent, and taken substantial steps towards completing the crime. Qualifying actions include asking an individual to join in on the crime, purchasing a

3985:

governs which substances cannot be used, made, sold, or distributed. Drug laws commonly fall into three categories: possession of drugs, distribution, and possession of paraphernalia. The use of drugs/addiction is not a crime. Drug laws consider weight, value, and intent. These laws form the basis of

3338:

The actual cause principle (also called "cause-in-fact") holds that the defendant cannot be criminally liable unless it can be shown that he was the cause-in-fact of the prohibited result. Actual cause is satisfied if the result would not have happened in the absence of defendant's conduct. To find a

1235:

An accessory after the fact is a person who learns of a crime and helps to conceal it or the perpetrator by providing aid, comfort, or shelter to help the principal avoid arrest or prosecution after the crime. An accessory after the fact must be aware of the criminal's status and intend to hinder the

1220:

Presence is required for a party to be considered a principal in the second degree, with constructive presence considered sufficient. Both principals are punished equally and are equally liable for the crime. Presence is not sufficient to impose liability; the party must take an affirmative action. A

3711:

is the lesser charge of homicide, lesser than murder. American jurisprudence has concluded that a loss of self-control, brought about through emotional states, can push a person to kill when it is not rationally intended. Earlier common law practices executed petty thieves as well as criminals whose

3180:

A person may have a legal duty to continue after beginning to act. This situation typically arises in for example, a possible drowning. One bystander among many starts swimming out to rescue him, but turns around halfway and returns to shore alone. The rationale for holding the bystander culpable is

3949:

The information that is falsely represented must be material or relate to present or past facts, and not be opinions or predictions. The defendant must have known the statements were false or reckless. The main difference between false pretenses and larceny by trick is that the former involves only

3897:

is the unlawful breaking and entry of a property for the purpose of committing a felony. Burglary is committed upon entry of the property. Breaking requires the use of force for entry. Fraudulent entry can constitute constructive breaking. Entry can be constructive by using another person or object

4114:

prevents the prosecution of two people for conspiracy when the offense in question can only be committed by at least two persons, as in crimes such as prostitution and gambling. In cases where Wharton's Rule applies, more than two people are required for conspiracy. Solicitation may be merged into

3685:

First-degree murder requires malice aforethought and "willful, deliberate and premeditation" of the homicide. Since it is the harshest degree of murder in terms of sentencing, a first-degree murder must be especially premediated. Premeditation is the time and capacity to appreciate the evil of the

3838:

US rape law has evolved common law practices. A woman once had to prove resistance against her aggressor. Rape reformation laws in America did away with the standards of Hale Warning, corroborating evidence, and the early outcry doctrine, instead focusing on the aggressive, coercive nature of the

3614:

The US uses the ALI rule to determine the validity of an insanity defense. Defendants found not guilty by reason of insanity are confined in a mental institution until such time as they are no longer be a danger to themselves or others, which may extend beyond the maximum criminal penalty for the

3189:

Criminal law is distinguishable from tort law or contract law, for example, in that society as a whole is theoretically damaged. Beyond the particular victims, society as a whole is responsible for the case and in the event of a conviction, carrying out a sentence. Social harm is that part of the

3721:

A murder charge can become a voluntary manslaughter charge given proof of "legally adequate provocation". This standard combines heat of passion and cooling off. The question is, "Does the defendant have legally adequate provocation to have lost control?" Infidelity in such situations qualifies.

3565:

is a defense where a crime is committed because of immediate threat to life posed by another. The person using the defense must establish that a reasonable person in the same position would have also committed the crime and that no alternative was available. Duress cannot be used as a defense in

3470:

is a defense where the defendant must show that a lack of predisposition and that a law enforcement agent induced the crime. Predisposition indicates a defendant's readiness to commit the crime and focuses on defendant's conduct. Inducement is the encouragement that might persuade a defendant to

1383:

Many states have wholly or largely adopted the MPC. Others have implemented it in part, and still others have not adopted any portion of it. However, even in jurisdictions where it has not been adopted, the MPC is often cited as persuasive authority in the same way that Restatements are in other

3092:

The Voluntary Act Requirement (VAR) is a predicate that prevents those convicted from being punished for involuntary conduct that may be linked to crime. Accordingly, justifying a conviction requires an action to be (a) willingly taken, (b) necessary for a crime's occurrence, and (c) able to be

3577:

offers the excuse due to an episodic or persistent psychiatric disease that defeats legal responsibility at the time of the act. The state presumes that defendants are competent, requiring defendant to give proof or advance notice to raise the insanity defense. The five tests for insanity are:

3358:

principle (also called "legal" cause) restricts criminal liability to those cases where a harmful result was a foreseeable result of an act. It is often phrased that the harmful result must be the "natural or probable" consequence of the act. If the result is unusual, abnormal, or unlikely, no

3803:

is the holding of a person against their will with the intent to use the kidnapping in connection with some other crime. Parental kidnapping is the kidnapping of a child when a parent has no legal right to the child. Failure to release a person within 24 hours creates the presumption that the

3756:

A thief who threatens future violence cannot be charged with robbery, because they did not use force or fear, and insulting words alone do not justify self-defense. Therefore, a person who steals from a victim using a deadly weapon, with or without immediate ability (the weapon is loaded) is

3689:

Second-degree murder is initiated by any other crime that satisfies the general malice aforethought albeit "malice is merely implied". Second degree murder includes an intention to kill, but no plans to act. This includes depraved heart, where an act of high-risk conduct or acting in extreme

3646:

A person who accidentally causes a fatal car accident by losing control of an automobile on black ice and kills someon is still considered to have committed "homicide", but this is not a crime unless it is proven that it was not truly accidental. While the term "homicide" carries a criminal

3400:

are: justification and excuse. Justifications differ from excuses in that a successful justification shows that defendant's conduct was not wrong, whereas a successful excuse does not show the defendant's conduct was wrong. A successful excuse shows that, while the defendant's conduct was

3853:

Rape can be non-forcible in cases where the victim in incapable of consenting due to a mental or emotional disability, or in statuary cases where the victim is underage, regardless of consent. Non-forcible rape are strict liability crimes, where the act alone is sufficient for proof.

3839:

rapist. Marital rape law once required "forcible, unlawful and carnal knowledge," and common law once asserted that rape did not apply between spouses. US women reported more rape under these rules; however, as of 2023, 63% of sexual assaults were not reported to police.

3110:

Certain relationships create a duty to act under common law, such as spouse to spouse, parent to child, or employer to employee, for example. A person may contract to act, such as a babysitter to render aid in the event of the child in their care hurting himself.

4128:

of the two offenses will drop out, and the defendant will only be charged with the greater offense. For example, if someone commits robbery, the crime of larceny would be merged and the defendant would be charged with robbery, the greater of the two offenses.

1193:

Many crimes address the severity of a criminal act by specifying the degree of an offense. First degree crimes are more serious than those in the second or third degree. For example, murder in the first degree is a greater offense than murder in the second.

3027:. In American substantive law, it refers to the start-to-end period of a felony. In American procedural law, it refers to a former exception to the hearsay rule for statements made spontaneously or as part of an act. The English and Canadian version of 3629:

American law generally categorizes the level of punishment and creates varied sentences, as opposed to the British common law "one size fits all". For example, the US addresses first-, second-, third- and fourth-degree murder with different sentences.

3681:

and only requires the person to intend to commit the underlying felony, including burglary, arson, rape, robbery and kidnapping. The Redline Rule excludes the death of a co-felon who was killed during a justified homicide from a felony murder charge.

3432:. Under common law, a person may use non-deadly force to self-defend from a non-deadly attack under certain circumstances. The defendant must not be the aggressor and must believe force is necessary. Such a belief must also be reasonable. 3676:

is a crime where a death results from the crime and is typically first-degree, but may be second-degree. Felony murder applies when someone dies during the commission or attempted commission of another violent felony. It is called the

3537:

Involuntary intoxication is a defense where the defendant is not aware of ingesting the intoxicant, an intoxicant is taken under medical advice or under duress. However, intoxication due to peer pressure or addiction is not a defense.

3661:

A murder is a homicide with malice aforethought, driven by an "endangering state of mind". The four ways to satisfy the element of malice are: an intent to kill (express malice), intent to inflict great bodily harm (implied malice).

3044:

is typically translated as "evil in the heart" or "the intention to steal". This intent is usually associated with permanence. For example, a person who takes an object unlawfully with the intent of returning it later does not have

3845:

were adopted in the 1970s and 1980s. They protect the victims' character and identity, while banning the inclusion of evidence relating to the victim's past sexual behavior. A federal rape shield law was adopted in 1994 under the

3350:

Exceptions to the but-for test include a case where multiple wrongdoers "overdetermine" the harm that a victim would have experienced. An act that hastens or accelerates a harmful consequence can create criminal liability.

3722:

Legally adequate provocation must go beyond insulting words to events, situations and circumstances that surprise the defendant and trigger the loss of reason without time to consider consequences or weigh pros and cons.

3986:

the trillion-dollar "drug war", that (based on drug prices) has not succeeded in reducing the demand for or supply of illegal drugs. Various jurisdictions have decriminalized possession of marijuana or some other drugs.

3791:

Assault and battery are classified as aggravated when directed towards a person with special status such as a law enforcement officer or elderly person. Assault becomes aggravated given the intention to murder or rape.

3696:

occurs when defendant expresses a reckless disregard for the value of human life. This includes conduct that creates a high risk of death. This differs from involuntary manslaughter by a higher degree of recklessness.

3885:

is the malicious or reckless burning of property. The charge is aggravated when burning a dwelling. Second degree arson is the burning of uninhabited property. Third degree arson is the burning of personal property.

3787:

is unconsented bodily contact with another or the intentional use of force against another. Battery is aggravated when using a weapon or dangerous object, when it results in disfigurement or serious physical injury.

4482: 3939:

the property, deprives without permission or substantially interferes with owners' rights with the intent to defraud. Embezzlement differs from larceny in that the taking of property must not involve trespass.

4123:

Crimes may be merged when they are deemed to result from a single criminal act. A merger occurs when a defendant commits a single act that simultaneously fulfills the definition of two separate offenses. The

3597:

is a but-for test where the defendant is not excused if the unlawful act is the cause of a mental disease or defect, and the defendant would not have committed the act if it was not for the disease or defect.

3609:

extinguishes liability if as a result of mental disease of defect, the defendant lacks substantial capacity either to appreciate the criminality of the act or to act according to the requirements of the

3307:

terms (in MPC terms, culpability) to determine levels of mental states, just as homicide is considered more severe if done intentionally rather than accidentally. These terms are (in descending order) "

2721: 1449:

An overarching concept in American criminal law is that people may not be punished for committing merely immoral or unethical acts. They can only be punished for acts declared beforehand as a crime.

1487:

is also required, the principle that a crime must be proved to have occurred before a person can be convicted of committing that crime; confession is not enough to prove that a crime has occurred.

3946:

are crimes where a false representation is knowingly made, with the intent to defraud to transfer property title. The false representation can be made orally, in writing, or implied by action.

1115: 3832:

is defined as penetration, no matter how slight, of the vagina or anus with any body part or object, or oral penetration by a sex organ of another person, without the consent of the victim.

5095: 3865:, sometimes called unlawful sexual intercourse, occurs when an individual engages in sexual intercourse or oral sexual contact with a person who is not their legal spouse and is under the 5168: 4676: 3810:

is the prevention of a person from leaving an area, interfering with the person's individual rights without authority. False imprisonment can be a criminal case or a civil case.

3603:

allows that if an act is a result of mental disease or defect, and the defendant lacked substantial capacity to recognize the wrongfulness of the act or conform to legal conduct.

3670:

Most jurisdictions recognize at least two degrees of murder in statute. Usually, first-degree murder requires express malice. Any other type of murder reflects implied malice.

1444: 4110:

is agreement between two or more persons to commit a crime. Most jurisdictions require an overt act to further the conspiracy. Conspiracy requires a plurality of agreement.

4068:

weapon, or planning a crime and executing the steps to complete the plan. Usually, thoughts or preparation are insufficient. Attempt merges into the completion of a crime.

5060: 3534:, assault, battery, rape etc.). The defendant has the burden of proof for voluntary intoxication. Claiming that he would not commit the crime when sober is not a defense. 3145: 1031: 3740:

Robbery at common law was the taking of the property of another with the intent to permanently deprive the person of that property by means of force or threat of force.

3464:

is a defense where defendant uses reasonable and appropriate force to avoid danger and prevent the threatened damage/interference with property, but not deadly force.

4016:

greater than the legal limit, currently .08% in most jurisdictions. Earlier, driving under the influence was seen as harmless offense that was typically overlooked.

3226:

crime requires the doing of an act coupled with specific intent or objective. Specific intent cannot be inferred from the act. The major specific intent crimes are:

1325: 1232:

An accessory before the fact is a person who encourages or helps another commit a crime. Statutes group principals with these accessories and punish them together.

4417: 4337: 4227: 3435:

In addition, the person must be facing imminent and unlawful force. Notably, force need not be actually necessary. It need only appear so to a reasonable person.

3442:

before using deadly force. In such jurisdictions, a non-aggressor has the duty to retreat from a threatening situation if this can be done with complete safety.

5363: 1228:

is a person who helps commit the crime without presence. Accessories are generally punished less severely than the principal. The two types of accessories are:

3732:

is considered to be any dangerous, unlawful act and is a felony. Misfeasance includes any act, even lawful, that is criminally negligent and is a misdemeanor.

5281: 1304:. Statutes derive from the common law. For example, if a state's murder statute does not define "human being," its courts rely on the common-law definition. 4138: 1134:. Generally there are two systems of criminal law to which a person maybe subject; the most frequent is state criminal law, and the other is federal law. 5185: 3438:

Under common law, a person may use deadly force to defend against a deadly attack unless non-deadly force would suffice. Some jurisdictions establish a

5245: 5082: 5016: 3753:

A person charged with robbery may reasonably but incorrectly believe they owned the object. Possession with respect to robbery is 9/10 of the law.

5357: 5296: 5276: 5077: 4001:

is the practice of having multiple husbands/wives. For most of American history, both practices have been outlawed in all American jurisdictions.

1202:

The parties to a crime can be principals or accessories. A principal is a person directly involved in a crime. The two types of principals are:

1078: 5145: 5053: 3760:

Although robbery includes the theft of property, it is not a property crime. The use or threat of force makes robbery a crime against persons.

2998: 2494: 995: 1050: 5291: 5180: 5025: 4977: 4909: 4859: 4628: 4552: 4393: 4313: 4261: 4203: 4167: 3923:

is the taking and carrying away without consent of personal property of another intended to permanently deprive the person of that property.

3487:

Legal impossibility where the defendant completed all the intended acts, but those acts fail to complete the required elements for the crime.

1440: 5286: 5240: 5222: 5100: 3346:

substantial factor test, if there are multiple causes for a crime the defendant's conduct must be a substantial factor in causing the harm.

1057: 5404: 5134: 4779: 3962:

For most of American history, various acts have been considered to be crimes that do not qualify as crimes against persons or property.

1288: 1145:, to define what acts are criminal, to inform the public what acts constitute crimes, and to distinguish a minor from a serious offense. 3323:". Each material element of every crime has an associated culpability state that the prosecution must prove beyond a reasonable doubt. 5153: 4934: 4513: 3914: 1319: 1308: 5353: 5338: 5306: 5046: 4083:

Proximity Test examines the acts that are taken and the remaining required acts. The completed acts must be in proximity to success.

3181:

that other bystanders relied on that action. If the bystander had been the only person present, no such culpability is established.

3167: 1110: 1097: 1064: 3107:

Failure to act can occasionally be criminal, such as, not paying taxes. Typically, the criminality of failing to act is codified.

5348: 5343: 5321: 5271: 5007: 2130: 1894: 631: 395: 5032: 5368: 5230: 5158: 5090: 3835:

Rape is generally a second-degree felony, except when anied by bodily injury or when the person is not the rapist's companion.

1046: 5175: 5011: 4935:"America has spent over a trillion dollars fighting the war on drugs. 50 years later, drug use in the U.S. is climbing again" 4080:

looks at crime individually and finds an act indicating the defendant has no other purpose than to commit the specific crime.

3509: 3149: 3114:

A person typically has a duty to act when he is responsible for putting another in peril, such as through accidental injury.

2366: 1619: 1035: 867: 120: 3496:

Excuse defenses can be fully exonerating. Intoxication can serve as such a defense, with the law distinguishing between how

3647:

connotation, from a legal standpoint it is merely the "unlawful killing of another human being" and may not be punishable.

1141:

defines the purpose of criminal law as: to prevent any conduct that cause or may cause harm to people or society, to enact

5266: 5110: 4285: 3409: 2376: 877: 5333: 5163: 2906: 2871: 2774: 2451: 2360: 1377: 952: 861: 1300:

The federal government, the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and US territories such as Puerto Rico have their own

5311: 5200: 4009: 3591:

test shows that the defendant lacks the capacity for self-control and free choice because of mental disease or defect.

3320: 3287: 1458: 5301: 3847: 3656: 3624: 3412:

defenses are full defenses. Society essentially tells the actor that he did nothing wrong under the circumstances.

2991: 2881: 2487: 2050: 1698: 1162: 988: 551: 199: 4884: 4086:

Model Penal Code - Substantial Step where steps taken towards the commission of a crime. Conduct must corroborate.

3480:

implies that a criminal attempt fails because the act is impossible. The two types of impossibility defenses are:

3138: 1024: 5373: 5235: 4594: 3982: 3819: 3643:

Homicide is the unlawful killing of another human being. The two types of homicide are murder and manslaughter.

2784: 2673: 2344: 1333: 845: 1483:

is used. The prosecution must prove each element of the alleged crime beyond a reasonable doubt for conviction.

5328: 5069: 3725: 3585:

shows that the defendant (1) did not know the nature and quality of the act or (2) the wrongfulness of the act.

3474:

Abandonment is used as a defense where a defendant voluntarily abandons the attempt before committing the act.

3455: 3308: 3020: 2911: 2391: 1614: 1466: 1373: 1206: 1178: 1158: 1071: 892: 115: 5383: 5190: 4125: 3907: 3216: 3212: 2209: 710: 4576: 5378: 3715: 3547: 3451: 3095: 2866: 2726: 2688: 2668: 2586: 2381: 2120: 2110: 1796: 1594: 1547: 1365: 1272: 1225: 1127: 882: 621: 611: 297: 95: 48: 5125: 3693: 3477: 3421: 2984: 2837: 2741: 2711: 2706: 2480: 2401: 2105: 2025: 1462: 981: 902: 606: 526: 3566:

murder or if the defendant was responsible for getting into the situation that resulted in the threat.

2847: 3365:

maintains that an act remains liable when a victim other than the intended one experiences the harm.

4351: 3588: 3516: 3497: 3397: 2822: 2807: 2750: 2663: 2658: 2643: 2195: 2115: 2100: 1884: 1130:

addresses non-criminal disputes. The system varies considerably by jurisdiction, but conforms to the

696: 616: 601: 385: 5208: 4111: 4107: 4013: 3461: 3316: 2827: 2339: 1727: 1679: 1609: 1599: 1409: 1369: 840: 228: 180: 110: 100: 3239:(intent to complete a crime – whether specific or not, but falling short in completing the crime), 1221:

party must also have the requisite intent and must have a criminal state of mind to be convicted.

5115: 4411: 4331: 4221: 4053: 3906:

Theft in the United States is the take property at the detriment of another. The property can be

3807: 3678: 3673: 3362: 3312: 3230: 2963: 2812: 2769: 2731: 2443: 2260: 2250: 1899: 1879: 1831: 1812: 1742: 1639: 1480: 1436: 1417: 1283: 1276: 1126:

is a manifold system of laws and practices that connects crimes and consequences. In comparison,

944: 761: 751: 400: 380: 332: 313: 243: 140: 17: 3910:, where property entrusted to a person and is under their control, but still retained by owner. 3728:

is an unintentional killing. The law requires proof of some form of malfeasance or misfeasance.

3582: 3208:

is typically translated as "guilty mind" and describes the expected mental state of an accused.

2281: 782: 3926:

A person cannot steal their own property, funds from joint accounts, spouses, or partnerships.

3294:

be found. Common strict liability crimes include statutory rape and sale of alcohol to minors.

1328:, the most general power to pass criminal laws. The federal government can only exercise those 4973: 4915: 4905: 4865: 4855: 4808: 4634: 4624: 4558: 4548: 4399: 4389: 4319: 4309: 4267: 4257: 4209: 4199: 4173: 4163: 4076: 2928: 2891: 2886: 2832: 2817: 2716: 2422: 2396: 1904: 1772: 1737: 1474: 1342: 1329: 923: 897: 405: 273: 238: 3804:

abductee has been transported through interstate commerce, allowing a federal investigation.

3335:, the result of an action must be foreseeable and must be a substantial factor in the crime. 4963: 4494: 4041: 3970: 3951: 3936: 3781:

is the repeated observation, following, threatening, or harassing engendering fear of harm.

3600: 3574: 3505: 3298: 2923: 2901: 2876: 2802: 2779: 2759: 2653: 2515: 2371: 2329: 2324: 2181: 2075: 1970: 1665: 1470: 1393: 1361: 1355: 1268: 1138: 872: 830: 825: 682: 576: 471: 166: 3219:

are likely to occur. The requisite intent may be inferred from the performance of the act.

3049:. However, a person who takes an object with the intent of possessing it permanently does. 5105: 4044:

is the crime of preparing for or seeking to commit another crime. Inchoate crimes include

3943: 3842: 3784: 3439: 3355: 3332: 3223: 2896: 2764: 2697: 2683: 2315: 2005: 1934: 1860: 1819: 1717: 1655: 1645: 1585: 1570: 1337: 1182: 1174: 1131: 816: 506: 435: 361: 320: 218: 156: 146: 86: 71: 3866: 3862: 3774: 3551: 3425: 3343:

but-for test, where but for the defendant's conduct the result would not have occurred.

2842: 2736: 2615: 2427: 2385: 1944: 1939: 1802: 1484: 1421: 1413: 1166: 928: 886: 445: 440: 303: 4056:. Except for conspiracy, inchoate offenses merge into the completed offense/attempt. 3973:

is the exchange of sex for money. It is a crime in nearly all American jurisdictions.

3061: 5398: 4731: 4431: 2678: 2648: 2191: 2045: 1757: 1707: 1432: 1301: 1170: 692: 546: 258: 208: 4755: 4445: 2570:

for "guilty act", is one of the elements normally required to prove commission of a

1161:, and the concurrence of the two. Generally, crimes can be divided into categories: 4652: 4095: 4049: 3932: 3708: 3527: 3512:

is a defense where the defendant is a minor and too young to form criminal intent.

3248: 3242: 3031:

is similar, but is still recognized as a traditional exception to the hearsay rule.

2972: 2958: 2432: 1995: 1919: 1909: 1792: 1777: 1689: 1540: 1142: 933: 496: 420: 410: 293: 278: 190: 41: 4826: 4704: 3777:

or malicious assault is the intentional dismemberment or disfiguring of a person.

1216:): someone who aids, counsels, assists, or encourages the first-degree principal. 5250: 5002:

Jefferson, Michael. Criminal Law. 12th Edition. Pearson Education Limited, 2015.

3729: 3594: 3127: 3024: 2447: 2203: 2199: 2065: 1889: 1722: 1651: 1575: 1397: 1264: 1013: 948: 704: 700: 566: 390: 223: 152: 76: 5012:"The Federal Criminal "Code" is a Disgrace: Obstruction Statutes as Case Study" 4812: 3800: 3467: 3011: 2938: 2917: 2605: 2575: 2508: 2468: 2354: 2306: 2161: 2156: 1990: 1782: 1762: 1752: 1732: 1684: 1604: 1557: 1521: 1254: 1213: 1154: 969: 855: 807: 662: 657: 491: 283: 263: 253: 233: 185: 105: 58: 4968: 4919: 4869: 4638: 4562: 4403: 4323: 4271: 4213: 4177: 3484:

Factual impossibility where a factual error prevents commission of the crime.

5033:

Nemeth, Charles P. Criminal Law. Second edition. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2012

4498: 4463: 3746:

charges result in substantial sentences that may reach up to ten years with

3211:

General intent is an awareness of factors constituting the crime, including

2967: 2638: 2296: 2291: 2265: 2234: 2224: 2186: 2080: 2060: 2000: 1975: 1949: 1929: 1914: 1532: 797: 792: 766: 735: 725: 687: 581: 561: 501: 476: 450: 430: 415: 33: 5038: 3471:

commit a crime. This focuses on the conduct of the law enforcement agent.

3301:

addresses intent. One of its major innovations is the use of standardized

3998: 3894: 3778: 3606: 3429: 3303: 3279: 3199: 2948: 2580: 2417: 2349: 2301: 2255: 2219: 2171: 2146: 2084: 2020: 1985: 1869: 1846: 1841: 1824: 1787: 1767: 1564: 1401: 918: 850: 802: 756: 720: 672: 647: 585: 521: 486: 370: 347: 342: 325: 288: 268: 65: 4064: 4045: 4029: 3920: 3768: 3743: 3523: 3273: 3267: 3263: 3236: 3152: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2856: 2793: 2334: 2286: 2229: 2176: 2151: 2125: 2055: 2035: 2030: 2010: 1980: 1851: 1836: 1747: 1712: 1674: 1405: 835: 787: 730: 677: 652: 626: 556: 536: 531: 511: 481: 352: 337: 248: 213: 175: 4115:

conspiracy. Conspiracy does not merge into the completion of a crime.

3994: 3747: 3562: 3501: 2214: 2040: 1874: 1807: 1635: 715: 541: 375: 308: 136: 3270:(intent to permanently deprive other of interest in property taken), 3929:

Larceny by trick involves taking another's property through fraud.

3215:. The criminal must be aware of committing an illegal act and that 3882: 3531: 3016: 2571: 2567: 2070: 2015: 1965: 1109: 571: 516: 466: 2584:("guilty mind"). In the United States it is sometimes called the 3997:

is the marriage of an already-married person to a third person.

3829: 3454:, acts by law enforcement officials, fear of imminent harm, and 2953: 2437: 2166: 1924: 938: 667: 425: 5042: 3019:: "things done") is a term found in substantive and procedural 1511:

elements are elements that identify a particular mental state.

4099:

the other party agrees to the defendant's request or command.

3121: 3056: 2623: 1282:

Common law no longer applies to federal crimes because of the

1260: 1007: 3522:

Voluntary intoxication can be a defense for specific crimes (

3700:

The Model Penal Code does not categorize murder by degrees.

3690:

recklessness is knowingly done to put the victim in danger.

3530:, conspiracy and so on), but not for general intent crimes ( 2547: 2544: 2530: 4483:"Retributivism, Agency, and the Voluntary Act Requirement" 3401:

regrettable, this defendant is not subject to punishment.

1263:

developed by judges through legal opinions, as opposed to

3771:

is the act of physically or verbally attacking another.

2521: 1368:("ALI") in 1962. In other areas of law, the ALI created 3339:

defendant guilty, a court must use the following test:

3073: 1346:

affirmed Congress's power to regulate drug possession.

1279:

is thus a crime that was originally defined by judges.

4958:

Nemeth, Charles P. (2022-12-02), "Criminal Defenses",

4904:(2nd ed.). Hoboken: CRC Press. pp. 405–407. 1209:

in the first degree: the person who commits the crime.

4889:. Bosa Roca: Taylor & Francis Group. p. 399. 4726: 4724: 4352:"The Myth of Common Law Crimes – Virginia Law Review" 4005:

Driving under the influence/Driving while intoxicated

3712:

motives were understood as emotionally challenging.

2550: 2533: 2524: 2541: 2527: 1445:

Nullum crimen, nulla poena sine praevia lege poenali

1372:, usually referred to as Restatements. Examples are 5259: 5221: 5199: 5144: 5133: 5076: 2538: 2518: 1038:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 4997:. Criminal Justice in the United States 1789–1939. 4071:Several tests are used to prove intent including: 3950:possession, whereas the latter involves obtaining 3935:occurs when a person entrusted with the property, 4854:(2nd ed.). Hoboken: CRC Press. p. 397. 4803:Publishing., University of Minnesota. Libraries. 4388:(6th ed.). Harlow, England. pp. 20–22. 4308:(6th ed.). Harlow, England. pp. 14–20. 3254:first degree premeditated murder (premeditation), 4547:(2nd ed.). Hoboken: CRC Press. p. 92. 4162:(2nd ed.). Hoboken: CRC Press. p. 34. 1380:. The MPC is their equivalent for criminal law. 1245:All levels of government rely on the following: 4198:(6th ed.). Harlow, England. pp. 4–6. 3245:(intent to have another person commit a crime), 5054: 4247: 4245: 4243: 4241: 4239: 4237: 3500:can serve as defenses. Other excuses include 2992: 2488: 1507:elements are elements that describe conduct. 989: 8: 4139:United States Federal Sentencing Guidelines 1267:adopted through the legislative process or 5141: 5061: 5047: 5039: 4416:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4336:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4293:. University of California Berkeley. 2017. 4226:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3898:to reach inside. Larceny is not burglary. 2999: 2985: 2611: 2495: 2481: 1527: 996: 982: 28: 5017:Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology 4967: 4962:, New York: Routledge, pp. 560–625, 4446:"Animus Furandi Law and Legal Definition" 3168:Learn how and when to remove this message 1098:Learn how and when to remove this message 4760:National Sexual Violence Resource Center 3380:Concurrence occurs when an act reflects 1330:powers granted to it by the Constitution 4699: 4697: 4287:The Common Law and Civil Law Traditions 4150: 2936: 2855: 2792: 2749: 2696: 2630: 2614: 2460: 2409: 2314: 2273: 2242: 2138: 2092: 1957: 1859: 1697: 1664: 1627: 1583: 1546: 1539: 961: 910: 815: 774: 743: 639: 593: 458: 360: 198: 165: 128: 84: 47: 40: 4409: 4329: 4219: 3498:voluntary and involuntary intoxication 3290:crime, however, does not require that 3282:(intent to commit felony in dwelling). 5026:Northwestern University School of Law 1441:Principle of legality in criminal law 7: 4623:(2nd ed.). Hoboken: CRC Press. 4481:Taggart, Christopher (August 2016). 4256:(2nd ed.). Hoboken: CRC Press. 4189: 4187: 3913:Definitions of theft is codified in 3257:false pretenses (intent to defraud), 3150:adding citations to reliable sources 1036:adding citations to reliable sources 2559: 1495:Crimes can generally be reduced to 1289:United States v. Hudson and Goodwin 1047:"Criminal law of the United States" 4705:"18 U.S. Code § 1201 – Kidnapping" 4681:California Legislative Information 4032:is the crime of betraying the US. 3915:Title 18 of the United States Code 1433:Ex post facto § United States 1320:Federal crime in the United States 1309:Title 18 of the United States Code 1153:A crime has three parts: the act ( 25: 4999:Cambridge University Press, 2011. 4831:LII / Legal Information Institute 4736:LII / Legal Information Institute 4709:LII / Legal Information Institute 3796:Kidnapping and false imprisonment 3416:Self-defense or defense of others 3233:(intent to have crime completed), 1124:criminal law of the United States 18:Criminal law in the United States 5124: 5008:Georgetown University Law Center 3126: 3060: 2604:This section is an excerpt from 2514: 2131:Perverting the course of justice 1531: 1520:This section is an excerpt from 1212:Principal in the second degree ( 1012: 632:Perverting the course of justice 32: 4514:"The Voluntary Act Requirement" 3424:is used to discount a crime of 3137:needs additional citations for 2578:jurisdictions, the other being 2026:Intellectual property violation 1023:needs additional citations for 527:Intellectual property violation 4595:"First Degree Murder Overview" 4012:is operating a vehicle with a 3276:(intent to commit battery) and 1: 5111:Bill (United States Congress) 4657:National Institute of Justice 3450:Other justifications include 3260:forgery (intent to defraud), 2907:Declaration against interest 2775:Self-authenticating document 2361:Ignorantia juris non excusat 862:Ignorantia juris non excusat 4900:Nemeth, Charles P. (2011). 4850:Nemeth, Charles P. (2011). 4619:Nemeth, Charles P. (2011). 4543:Nemeth, Charles P. (2011). 4464:"furandi animus definition" 4252:Nemeth, Charles P. (2011). 4158:Nemeth, Charles P. (2011). 4010:Driving under the influence 1459:Philosophic burden of proof 1364:("MPC") was created by the 5421: 5405:United States criminal law 4933:Lee, Juhohn (2021-06-17). 4784:leginfo.legislature.ca.gov 3848:Violence Against Women Act 3817: 3657:Murder (United States law) 3654: 3625:Crime in the United States 3622: 3197: 2603: 2051:Possessing stolen property 1699:Offense against the person 1519: 1479:In the United States, the 1456: 1430: 1391: 1353: 1317: 1306: 1252: 552:Possessing stolen property 200:Offense against the person 5236:Law School Admission Test 5122: 4577:"Duty of Care: Omissions" 3983:Controlled Substances Act 3958:Public morality and order 3820:Rape in the United States 2785:Hague Evidence Convention 2674:Eyewitness identification 2345:Diminished responsibility 2139:Crimes against the public 1334:Controlled Substances Act 846:Diminished responsibility 640:Crimes against the public 5070:Law of the United States 4969:10.4324/9781003284178-11 4883:Nemeth, Charles (2011). 4384:Wilson, William (2017). 4372:Keeler v. Superior Court 4304:Wilson, William (2017). 4194:Wilson, William (2017). 4025:Sovereignty and security 4020:Crimes against the state 3908:constructively possessed 3726:Involuntary manslaughter 2912:Present sense impression 2722:Public policy exclusions 2274:Crimes against the state 2194:(such as prohibition of 1467:Presumption of innocence 1374:Restatement of Contracts 1179:crimes against the state 1116:United States Courthouse 775:Crimes against the state 695:(such as prohibition of 4499:10.58948/2331-3528.1926 3873:Crimes against property 3217:attendant circumstances 3213:attendant circumstances 1958:Crimes against property 1648:(also called violation) 459:Crimes against property 149:(also called violation) 4512:Yaffe, Gideon (2012). 4374:, 2 Cal. 3d 619 (1970) 3716:Voluntary manslaughter 3634:Crimes against persons 3396:The two categories of 3096:Robinson v. California 3021:American jurisprudence 2689:Consciousness of guilt 2410:Other common-law areas 2243:Crimes against animals 2111:Miscarriage of justice 2093:Crimes against justice 1388:Theories of punishment 1366:American Law Institute 1336:, which relies on the 1167:crime against property 1163:crime against a person 1119: 911:Other common-law areas 744:Crimes against animals 612:Miscarriage of justice 594:Crimes against justice 4756:"Statistics In-Depth" 4581:www.willmalcomson.com 4435:, 397 U.S. 358 (1970) 3694:Depraved heart murder 3478:Impossibility defense 3190:crime to be avoided. 2838:Recorded recollection 2316:Defenses to liability 2106:Malfeasance in office 1463:Legal burden of proof 1427:Principle of legality 1114:The courtroom of the 1113: 817:Defenses to liability 607:Malfeasance in office 5246:Admission to the bar 5096:Separation of powers 4732:"false imprisonment" 4677:"Codes Display Text" 3757:committing robbery. 3589:Irresistible impulse 3446:Other justifications 3392:Affirmative defenses 3359:liability attaches. 3251:(intent to defraud), 3146:improve this article 3118:Creation of reliance 2872:in United States law 2162:Censorship violation 1885:Cybersex trafficking 1378:Restatement of Torts 1118:in Augusta, Georgia. 1032:improve this article 663:Censorship violation 386:Cybersex trafficking 5186:International Trade 5006:O'Sullivan, Julie ( 4533:370 U.S. 660 (1962) 4014:blood alcohol level 3990:Bigamy and polygamy 3764:Assault and battery 3462:Defense of property 3398:affirmative defense 2712:Laying a foundation 2340:Defense of property 2192:Illegal consumption 1728:Criminal negligence 1628:Severity of offense 1410:Retributive justice 1370:Restatements of Law 1324:States possess the 841:Defense of property 693:Illegal consumption 229:Criminal negligence 129:Severity of offense 5282:Child sexual abuse 5272:Administrative law 5116:United States Code 5078:Constitutional law 3808:False imprisonment 3679:felony murder rule 3072:. You can help by 2968:trusts and estates 2848:Dead Man's Statute 2813:Direct examination 2770:Best evidence rule 2261:Wildlife smuggling 2251:Cruelty to animals 1880:Child sexual abuse 1832:Negligent homicide 1743:False imprisonment 1640:Indictable offense 1584:Scope of criminal 1481:adversarial system 1437:Void for vagueness 1418:Deterrence (legal) 1284:U.S. Supreme Court 1120: 762:Wildlife smuggling 752:Cruelty to animals 381:Child sexual abuse 333:Negligent homicide 244:False imprisonment 141:Indictable offense 85:Scope of criminal 5392: 5391: 5217: 5216: 5172: 4979:978-1-003-28417-8 4911:978-1-4398-9787-4 4861:978-1-4398-9787-4 4827:"false pretenses" 4653:"Property Crimes" 4630:978-1-4398-9787-4 4554:978-1-4398-9787-4 4395:978-1-292-12907-5 4315:978-1-292-12907-5 4263:978-1-4398-9787-4 4205:978-1-292-12907-5 4169:978-1-4398-9787-4 4077:Res ipsa loquitur 3546:Mistake can be a 3452:defense of others 3311:", "knowingly," " 3178: 3177: 3170: 3090: 3089: 3009: 3008: 2929:Implied assertion 2892:Dying declaration 2887:Excited utterance 2833:Proffer agreement 2818:Cross-examination 2631:Types of evidence 2592:objective element 2506:In criminal law, 2505: 2504: 1905:Indecent exposure 1773:Human trafficking 1738:Domestic violence 1666:Inchoate offenses 1475:Standard of proof 1343:Gonzales v. Raich 1314:State vs. federal 1108: 1107: 1100: 1082: 1006: 1005: 406:Indecent exposure 274:Human trafficking 239:Domestic violence 167:Inchoate offenses 16:(Redirected from 5412: 5292:Conflict of laws 5166: 5142: 5128: 5063: 5056: 5049: 5040: 5029: 4983: 4982: 4971: 4955: 4949: 4948: 4946: 4945: 4930: 4924: 4923: 4897: 4891: 4890: 4880: 4874: 4873: 4847: 4841: 4840: 4838: 4837: 4823: 4817: 4816: 4800: 4794: 4793: 4791: 4790: 4776: 4770: 4769: 4767: 4766: 4752: 4746: 4745: 4743: 4742: 4728: 4719: 4718: 4716: 4715: 4701: 4692: 4691: 4689: 4688: 4673: 4667: 4666: 4664: 4663: 4649: 4643: 4642: 4616: 4610: 4609: 4607: 4605: 4591: 4585: 4584: 4573: 4567: 4566: 4540: 4534: 4531: 4525: 4524: 4518: 4509: 4503: 4502: 4478: 4472: 4471: 4460: 4454: 4453: 4442: 4436: 4428: 4422: 4421: 4415: 4407: 4381: 4375: 4369: 4363: 4362: 4360: 4359: 4348: 4342: 4341: 4335: 4327: 4301: 4295: 4294: 4292: 4282: 4276: 4275: 4249: 4232: 4231: 4225: 4217: 4191: 4182: 4181: 4155: 3843:Rape shield laws 3601:Model Penal Code 3575:Insanity defense 3570:Insanity defense 3321:strict liability 3288:strict liability 3173: 3166: 3162: 3159: 3153: 3130: 3122: 3085: 3082: 3064: 3057: 3001: 2994: 2987: 2924:Learned treatise 2902:Ancient document 2882:Business records 2780:Ancient document 2760:Chain of custody 2612: 2587:external element 2561: 2557: 2556: 2553: 2552: 2549: 2546: 2543: 2540: 2536: 2535: 2532: 2529: 2526: 2523: 2520: 2497: 2490: 2483: 2454: 2325:Actual innocence 2182:Ethnic cleansing 2076:Trespass to land 1971:Arms trafficking 1535: 1528: 1471:Reasonable doubt 1394:Criminal justice 1362:Model Penal Code 1356:Model Penal Code 1350:Model Penal Code 1277:common law crime 1273:executive branch 1139:Model Penal Code 1103: 1096: 1092: 1089: 1083: 1081: 1040: 1016: 1008: 998: 991: 984: 955: 826:Actual innocence 683:Ethnic cleansing 577:Trespass to land 472:Arms trafficking 36: 29: 21: 5420: 5419: 5415: 5414: 5413: 5411: 5410: 5409: 5395: 5394: 5393: 5388: 5287:Civil procedure 5255: 5213: 5195: 5136: 5129: 5120: 5106:Act of Congress 5080: 5072: 5067: 5005: 4995:Dale, Elizabeth 4992: 4990:Further reading 4987: 4986: 4980: 4957: 4956: 4952: 4943: 4941: 4932: 4931: 4927: 4912: 4899: 4898: 4894: 4882: 4881: 4877: 4862: 4849: 4848: 4844: 4835: 4833: 4825: 4824: 4820: 4802: 4801: 4797: 4788: 4786: 4778: 4777: 4773: 4764: 4762: 4754: 4753: 4749: 4740: 4738: 4730: 4729: 4722: 4713: 4711: 4703: 4702: 4695: 4686: 4684: 4675: 4674: 4670: 4661: 4659: 4651: 4650: 4646: 4631: 4618: 4617: 4613: 4603: 4601: 4593: 4592: 4588: 4575: 4574: 4570: 4555: 4542: 4541: 4537: 4532: 4528: 4521:Yale Law School 4516: 4511: 4510: 4506: 4487:Pace Law Review 4480: 4479: 4475: 4462: 4461: 4457: 4444: 4443: 4439: 4429: 4425: 4408: 4396: 4383: 4382: 4378: 4370: 4366: 4357: 4355: 4350: 4349: 4345: 4328: 4316: 4303: 4302: 4298: 4290: 4284: 4283: 4279: 4264: 4251: 4250: 4235: 4218: 4206: 4193: 4192: 4185: 4170: 4157: 4156: 4152: 4147: 4135: 4121: 4105: 4093: 4062: 4038: 4036:Inchoate crimes 4027: 4022: 4007: 3992: 3979: 3968: 3960: 3944:False pretenses 3904: 3892: 3880: 3875: 3860: 3827: 3822: 3816: 3798: 3766: 3738: 3706: 3668: 3659: 3653: 3641: 3636: 3627: 3621: 3572: 3560: 3548:mistake of fact 3544: 3520: 3494: 3448: 3440:duty to retreat 3418: 3407: 3394: 3378: 3369:Concurrence of 3363:Transfer intent 3356:proximate cause 3329: 3224:specific intent 3202: 3196: 3187: 3174: 3163: 3157: 3154: 3143: 3131: 3120: 3105: 3086: 3080: 3077: 3070:needs expansion 3055: 3038: 3033: 3032: 3005: 2897:Party admission 2765:Judicial notice 2707:Burden of proof 2649:Real (physical) 2609: 2601: 2596: 2595: 2537: 2517: 2513: 2501: 2442: 2006:False pretenses 1935:Sex trafficking 1861:Sexual offenses 1820:Preterintention 1656:Summary offense 1525: 1517: 1493: 1477: 1457:Main articles: 1455: 1453:Burden of proof 1447: 1431:Main articles: 1429: 1424: 1392:Main articles: 1390: 1358: 1352: 1338:Commerce Clause 1322: 1316: 1311: 1298: 1286:'s decision in 1257: 1251: 1243: 1200: 1191: 1183:inchoate crimes 1175:public morality 1151: 1132:US Constitution 1104: 1093: 1087: 1084: 1041: 1039: 1029: 1017: 1002: 943: 507:False pretenses 436:Sex trafficking 362:Sexual offenses 321:Preterintention 157:Summary offense 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5418: 5416: 5408: 5407: 5397: 5396: 5390: 5389: 5387: 5386: 5381: 5376: 5371: 5366: 5361: 5351: 5346: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5326: 5325: 5324: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5297:Constitutional 5294: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5263: 5261: 5257: 5256: 5254: 5253: 5248: 5243: 5238: 5233: 5227: 5225: 5219: 5218: 5215: 5214: 5212: 5211: 5205: 5203: 5197: 5196: 5194: 5193: 5188: 5183: 5178: 5173: 5161: 5156: 5150: 5148: 5146:Federal courts 5139: 5131: 5130: 5123: 5121: 5119: 5118: 5113: 5108: 5103: 5098: 5093: 5087: 5085: 5074: 5073: 5068: 5066: 5065: 5058: 5051: 5043: 5037: 5036: 5030: 5003: 5000: 4991: 4988: 4985: 4984: 4978: 4950: 4925: 4910: 4892: 4875: 4860: 4842: 4818: 4795: 4771: 4747: 4720: 4693: 4668: 4644: 4629: 4611: 4586: 4568: 4553: 4535: 4526: 4504: 4473: 4455: 4437: 4423: 4394: 4376: 4364: 4343: 4314: 4296: 4277: 4262: 4233: 4204: 4183: 4168: 4149: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4142: 4141: 4134: 4131: 4120: 4117: 4112:Wharton's Rule 4104: 4101: 4092: 4089: 4088: 4087: 4084: 4081: 4061: 4058: 4042:inchoate crime 4037: 4034: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4018: 4006: 4003: 3991: 3988: 3978: 3975: 3967: 3964: 3959: 3956: 3903: 3900: 3891: 3888: 3879: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3867:age of consent 3863:Statutory rape 3859: 3858:Statutory Rape 3856: 3826: 3823: 3818:Main article: 3815: 3812: 3797: 3794: 3765: 3762: 3737: 3734: 3705: 3702: 3667: 3664: 3655:Main article: 3652: 3649: 3640: 3637: 3635: 3632: 3623:Main article: 3620: 3617: 3612: 3611: 3604: 3598: 3592: 3586: 3583:M'Naghten test 3571: 3568: 3559: 3556: 3552:mistake of law 3543: 3540: 3519: 3514: 3493: 3490: 3489: 3488: 3485: 3447: 3444: 3417: 3414: 3406: 3403: 3393: 3390: 3377: 3367: 3348: 3347: 3344: 3328: 3325: 3284: 3283: 3277: 3271: 3261: 3258: 3255: 3252: 3246: 3240: 3234: 3198:Main article: 3195: 3192: 3186: 3183: 3176: 3175: 3134: 3132: 3125: 3119: 3116: 3104: 3101: 3088: 3087: 3067: 3065: 3054: 3051: 3047:animus furandi 3042:animus furandi 3037: 3036:Animus furandi 3034: 3007: 3006: 3004: 3003: 2996: 2989: 2981: 2978: 2977: 2976: 2975: 2970: 2961: 2956: 2951: 2943: 2942: 2934: 2933: 2932: 2931: 2926: 2921: 2914: 2909: 2904: 2899: 2894: 2889: 2884: 2879: 2874: 2869: 2867:in English law 2861: 2860: 2859:and exceptions 2853: 2852: 2851: 2850: 2845: 2843:Expert witness 2840: 2835: 2830: 2825: 2820: 2815: 2810: 2805: 2797: 2796: 2790: 2789: 2788: 2787: 2782: 2777: 2772: 2767: 2762: 2754: 2753: 2751:Authentication 2747: 2746: 2745: 2744: 2739: 2734: 2729: 2724: 2719: 2714: 2709: 2701: 2700: 2694: 2693: 2692: 2691: 2686: 2681: 2676: 2671: 2666: 2661: 2656: 2651: 2646: 2641: 2633: 2632: 2628: 2627: 2619: 2618: 2610: 2602: 2600: 2597: 2503: 2502: 2500: 2499: 2492: 2485: 2477: 2474: 2473: 2472: 2471: 2463: 2462: 2458: 2457: 2456: 2455: 2440: 2435: 2430: 2425: 2420: 2412: 2411: 2407: 2406: 2405: 2404: 2399: 2394: 2389: 2379: 2374: 2369: 2364: 2357: 2352: 2347: 2342: 2337: 2332: 2327: 2319: 2318: 2312: 2311: 2310: 2309: 2304: 2299: 2294: 2289: 2284: 2276: 2275: 2271: 2270: 2269: 2268: 2263: 2258: 2253: 2245: 2244: 2240: 2239: 2238: 2237: 2232: 2227: 2222: 2217: 2212: 2207: 2189: 2184: 2179: 2177:Hostage-taking 2174: 2169: 2164: 2159: 2154: 2149: 2141: 2140: 2136: 2135: 2134: 2133: 2128: 2123: 2118: 2113: 2108: 2103: 2095: 2094: 2090: 2089: 2088: 2087: 2078: 2073: 2068: 2063: 2058: 2053: 2048: 2043: 2038: 2033: 2028: 2023: 2018: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1998: 1993: 1988: 1983: 1978: 1973: 1968: 1960: 1959: 1955: 1954: 1953: 1952: 1947: 1945:Sexual slavery 1942: 1940:Sexual assault 1937: 1932: 1927: 1922: 1917: 1912: 1907: 1902: 1897: 1892: 1887: 1882: 1877: 1872: 1864: 1863: 1857: 1856: 1855: 1854: 1849: 1844: 1839: 1834: 1829: 1828: 1827: 1817: 1816: 1815: 1805: 1800: 1790: 1785: 1780: 1775: 1770: 1765: 1760: 1755: 1750: 1745: 1740: 1735: 1730: 1725: 1720: 1715: 1710: 1702: 1701: 1695: 1694: 1693: 1692: 1687: 1682: 1677: 1669: 1668: 1662: 1661: 1660: 1659: 1649: 1643: 1630: 1629: 1625: 1624: 1623: 1622: 1617: 1612: 1607: 1602: 1597: 1589: 1588: 1581: 1580: 1579: 1578: 1573: 1568: 1561: 1551: 1550: 1544: 1543: 1537: 1536: 1526: 1518: 1516: 1513: 1492: 1489: 1485:Corpus delicti 1454: 1451: 1428: 1425: 1422:Sentence (law) 1414:Utilitarianism 1389: 1386: 1384:areas of law. 1354:Main article: 1351: 1348: 1318:Main article: 1315: 1312: 1297: 1294: 1271:issued by the 1259:Common law is 1253:Main article: 1250: 1247: 1242: 1241:Sources of law 1239: 1238: 1237: 1233: 1218: 1217: 1210: 1199: 1196: 1190: 1187: 1150: 1147: 1106: 1105: 1020: 1018: 1011: 1004: 1003: 1001: 1000: 993: 986: 978: 975: 974: 973: 972: 964: 963: 959: 958: 957: 956: 941: 936: 931: 926: 921: 913: 912: 908: 907: 906: 905: 900: 895: 890: 880: 875: 870: 865: 858: 853: 848: 843: 838: 833: 828: 820: 819: 813: 812: 811: 810: 805: 800: 795: 790: 785: 777: 776: 772: 771: 770: 769: 764: 759: 754: 746: 745: 741: 740: 739: 738: 733: 728: 723: 718: 713: 708: 690: 685: 680: 678:Hostage-taking 675: 670: 665: 660: 655: 650: 642: 641: 637: 636: 635: 634: 629: 624: 619: 614: 609: 604: 596: 595: 591: 590: 589: 588: 579: 574: 569: 564: 559: 554: 549: 544: 539: 534: 529: 524: 519: 514: 509: 504: 499: 494: 489: 484: 479: 474: 469: 461: 460: 456: 455: 454: 453: 448: 446:Sexual slavery 443: 441:Sexual assault 438: 433: 428: 423: 418: 413: 408: 403: 398: 393: 388: 383: 378: 373: 365: 364: 358: 357: 356: 355: 350: 345: 340: 335: 330: 329: 328: 318: 317: 316: 306: 301: 291: 286: 281: 276: 271: 266: 261: 256: 251: 246: 241: 236: 231: 226: 221: 216: 211: 203: 202: 196: 195: 194: 193: 188: 183: 178: 170: 169: 163: 162: 161: 160: 150: 144: 131: 130: 126: 125: 124: 123: 118: 113: 108: 103: 98: 90: 89: 82: 81: 80: 79: 74: 69: 62: 52: 51: 45: 44: 38: 37: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5417: 5406: 5403: 5402: 5400: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5359: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5323: 5320: 5319: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5277:Child custody 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5264: 5262: 5258: 5252: 5249: 5247: 5244: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5228: 5226: 5224: 5220: 5210: 5209:State supreme 5207: 5206: 5204: 5202: 5198: 5192: 5189: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5170: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5155: 5152: 5151: 5149: 5147: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5137:United States 5135:Courts of the 5132: 5127: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5088: 5086: 5084: 5079: 5075: 5071: 5064: 5059: 5057: 5052: 5050: 5045: 5044: 5041: 5034: 5031: 5027: 5023: 5019: 5018: 5013: 5009: 5004: 5001: 4998: 4994: 4993: 4989: 4981: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4961: 4954: 4951: 4940: 4936: 4929: 4926: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4907: 4903: 4896: 4893: 4888: 4887: 4879: 4876: 4871: 4867: 4863: 4857: 4853: 4846: 4843: 4832: 4828: 4822: 4819: 4814: 4810: 4806: 4799: 4796: 4785: 4781: 4780:"Law section" 4775: 4772: 4761: 4757: 4751: 4748: 4737: 4733: 4727: 4725: 4721: 4710: 4706: 4700: 4698: 4694: 4682: 4678: 4672: 4669: 4658: 4654: 4648: 4645: 4640: 4636: 4632: 4626: 4622: 4615: 4612: 4600: 4596: 4590: 4587: 4582: 4578: 4572: 4569: 4564: 4560: 4556: 4550: 4546: 4539: 4536: 4530: 4527: 4522: 4515: 4508: 4505: 4500: 4496: 4492: 4488: 4484: 4477: 4474: 4469: 4465: 4459: 4456: 4451: 4447: 4441: 4438: 4434: 4433: 4432:In re Winship 4427: 4424: 4419: 4413: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4391: 4387: 4380: 4377: 4373: 4368: 4365: 4353: 4347: 4344: 4339: 4333: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4311: 4307: 4300: 4297: 4289: 4288: 4281: 4278: 4273: 4269: 4265: 4259: 4255: 4248: 4246: 4244: 4242: 4240: 4238: 4234: 4229: 4223: 4215: 4211: 4207: 4201: 4197: 4190: 4188: 4184: 4179: 4175: 4171: 4165: 4161: 4154: 4151: 4144: 4140: 4137: 4136: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4109: 4102: 4100: 4097: 4090: 4085: 4082: 4079: 4078: 4074: 4073: 4072: 4069: 4066: 4059: 4057: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4035: 4033: 4031: 4024: 4019: 4017: 4015: 4011: 4004: 4002: 4000: 3996: 3989: 3987: 3984: 3976: 3974: 3972: 3965: 3963: 3957: 3955: 3953: 3947: 3945: 3941: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3927: 3924: 3922: 3918: 3916: 3911: 3909: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3889: 3887: 3884: 3877: 3872: 3870: 3868: 3864: 3857: 3855: 3851: 3849: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3824: 3821: 3814:Sexual crimes 3813: 3811: 3809: 3805: 3802: 3795: 3793: 3789: 3786: 3782: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3770: 3763: 3761: 3758: 3754: 3751: 3749: 3745: 3741: 3735: 3733: 3731: 3727: 3723: 3719: 3717: 3713: 3710: 3703: 3701: 3698: 3695: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3680: 3675: 3674:Felony murder 3671: 3665: 3663: 3658: 3650: 3648: 3644: 3638: 3633: 3631: 3626: 3618: 3616: 3608: 3605: 3602: 3599: 3596: 3593: 3590: 3587: 3584: 3581: 3580: 3579: 3576: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3557: 3555: 3553: 3549: 3541: 3539: 3535: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3518: 3515: 3513: 3511: 3507: 3503: 3499: 3491: 3486: 3483: 3482: 3481: 3479: 3475: 3472: 3469: 3465: 3463: 3459: 3457: 3453: 3445: 3443: 3441: 3436: 3433: 3431: 3427: 3423: 3415: 3413: 3411: 3410:Justification 3405:Justification 3404: 3402: 3399: 3391: 3389: 3387: 3383: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3366: 3364: 3360: 3357: 3352: 3345: 3342: 3341: 3340: 3336: 3334: 3331:To determine 3326: 3324: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3305: 3300: 3295: 3293: 3289: 3281: 3278: 3275: 3272: 3269: 3265: 3262: 3259: 3256: 3253: 3250: 3247: 3244: 3241: 3238: 3235: 3232: 3229: 3228: 3227: 3225: 3220: 3218: 3214: 3209: 3207: 3201: 3193: 3191: 3184: 3182: 3172: 3169: 3161: 3151: 3147: 3141: 3140: 3135:This section 3133: 3129: 3124: 3123: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3108: 3102: 3100: 3098: 3097: 3084: 3075: 3071: 3068:This section 3066: 3063: 3059: 3058: 3053:Voluntary act 3052: 3050: 3048: 3043: 3035: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3013: 3002: 2997: 2995: 2990: 2988: 2983: 2982: 2980: 2979: 2974: 2971: 2969: 2965: 2962: 2960: 2957: 2955: 2952: 2950: 2947: 2946: 2945: 2944: 2940: 2935: 2930: 2927: 2925: 2922: 2920: 2919: 2915: 2913: 2910: 2908: 2905: 2903: 2900: 2898: 2895: 2893: 2890: 2888: 2885: 2883: 2880: 2878: 2875: 2873: 2870: 2868: 2865: 2864: 2863: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2849: 2846: 2844: 2841: 2839: 2836: 2834: 2831: 2829: 2826: 2824: 2821: 2819: 2816: 2814: 2811: 2809: 2806: 2804: 2801: 2800: 2799: 2798: 2795: 2791: 2786: 2783: 2781: 2778: 2776: 2773: 2771: 2768: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2757: 2756: 2755: 2752: 2748: 2743: 2740: 2738: 2735: 2733: 2730: 2728: 2725: 2723: 2720: 2718: 2715: 2713: 2710: 2708: 2705: 2704: 2703: 2702: 2699: 2695: 2690: 2687: 2685: 2682: 2680: 2679:Genetic (DNA) 2677: 2675: 2672: 2670: 2669:Demonstrative 2667: 2665: 2662: 2660: 2657: 2655: 2652: 2650: 2647: 2645: 2642: 2640: 2637: 2636: 2635: 2634: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2620: 2617: 2613: 2607: 2598: 2593: 2589: 2588: 2583: 2582: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2555: 2511: 2510: 2498: 2493: 2491: 2486: 2484: 2479: 2478: 2476: 2475: 2470: 2467: 2466: 2465: 2464: 2459: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2439: 2436: 2434: 2431: 2429: 2426: 2424: 2421: 2419: 2416: 2415: 2414: 2413: 2408: 2403: 2400: 2398: 2395: 2393: 2390: 2387: 2383: 2380: 2378: 2377:Justification 2375: 2373: 2370: 2368: 2365: 2363: 2362: 2358: 2356: 2353: 2351: 2348: 2346: 2343: 2341: 2338: 2336: 2333: 2331: 2328: 2326: 2323: 2322: 2321: 2320: 2317: 2313: 2308: 2305: 2303: 2300: 2298: 2295: 2293: 2290: 2288: 2285: 2283: 2280: 2279: 2278: 2277: 2272: 2267: 2264: 2262: 2259: 2257: 2254: 2252: 2249: 2248: 2247: 2246: 2241: 2236: 2233: 2231: 2228: 2226: 2223: 2221: 2218: 2216: 2213: 2211: 2210:Miscegenation 2208: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2190: 2188: 2185: 2183: 2180: 2178: 2175: 2173: 2170: 2168: 2165: 2163: 2160: 2158: 2155: 2153: 2150: 2148: 2145: 2144: 2143: 2142: 2137: 2132: 2129: 2127: 2124: 2122: 2119: 2117: 2114: 2112: 2109: 2107: 2104: 2102: 2099: 2098: 2097: 2096: 2091: 2086: 2082: 2079: 2077: 2074: 2072: 2069: 2067: 2064: 2062: 2059: 2057: 2054: 2052: 2049: 2047: 2046:Pickpocketing 2044: 2042: 2039: 2037: 2034: 2032: 2029: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2019: 2017: 2014: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2004: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1994: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1984: 1982: 1979: 1977: 1974: 1972: 1969: 1967: 1964: 1963: 1962: 1961: 1956: 1951: 1948: 1946: 1943: 1941: 1938: 1936: 1933: 1931: 1928: 1926: 1923: 1921: 1918: 1916: 1913: 1911: 1908: 1906: 1903: 1901: 1898: 1896: 1895:Homosexuality 1893: 1891: 1888: 1886: 1883: 1881: 1878: 1876: 1873: 1871: 1868: 1867: 1866: 1865: 1862: 1858: 1853: 1850: 1848: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1838: 1835: 1833: 1830: 1826: 1823: 1822: 1821: 1818: 1814: 1811: 1810: 1809: 1806: 1804: 1801: 1798: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1781: 1779: 1776: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1766: 1764: 1761: 1759: 1758:Home invasion 1756: 1754: 1751: 1749: 1746: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1734: 1731: 1729: 1726: 1724: 1721: 1719: 1716: 1714: 1711: 1709: 1708:Assassination 1706: 1705: 1704: 1703: 1700: 1696: 1691: 1688: 1686: 1683: 1681: 1678: 1676: 1673: 1672: 1671: 1670: 1667: 1663: 1657: 1653: 1650: 1647: 1644: 1641: 1637: 1634: 1633: 1632: 1631: 1626: 1621: 1618: 1616: 1613: 1611: 1608: 1606: 1603: 1601: 1598: 1596: 1593: 1592: 1591: 1590: 1587: 1582: 1577: 1574: 1572: 1569: 1567: 1566: 1562: 1560: 1559: 1555: 1554: 1553: 1552: 1549: 1545: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1529: 1523: 1514: 1512: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1499:elements and 1498: 1490: 1488: 1486: 1482: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1452: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1426: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1387: 1385: 1381: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1357: 1349: 1347: 1345: 1344: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1321: 1313: 1310: 1305: 1303: 1295: 1293: 1291: 1290: 1285: 1280: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1256: 1248: 1246: 1240: 1234: 1231: 1230: 1229: 1227: 1222: 1215: 1211: 1208: 1205: 1204: 1203: 1197: 1195: 1188: 1186: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1171:sexual crimes 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1148: 1146: 1144: 1140: 1137:The American 1135: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1117: 1112: 1102: 1099: 1091: 1080: 1077: 1073: 1070: 1066: 1063: 1059: 1056: 1052: 1049: – 1048: 1044: 1043:Find sources: 1037: 1033: 1027: 1026: 1021:This article 1019: 1015: 1010: 1009: 999: 994: 992: 987: 985: 980: 979: 977: 976: 971: 968: 967: 966: 965: 960: 954: 950: 946: 942: 940: 937: 935: 932: 930: 927: 925: 922: 920: 917: 916: 915: 914: 909: 904: 901: 899: 896: 894: 891: 888: 884: 881: 879: 878:Justification 876: 874: 871: 869: 866: 864: 863: 859: 857: 854: 852: 849: 847: 844: 842: 839: 837: 834: 832: 829: 827: 824: 823: 822: 821: 818: 814: 809: 806: 804: 801: 799: 796: 794: 791: 789: 786: 784: 781: 780: 779: 778: 773: 768: 765: 763: 760: 758: 755: 753: 750: 749: 748: 747: 742: 737: 734: 732: 729: 727: 724: 722: 719: 717: 714: 712: 711:Miscegenation 709: 706: 702: 698: 694: 691: 689: 686: 684: 681: 679: 676: 674: 671: 669: 666: 664: 661: 659: 656: 654: 651: 649: 646: 645: 644: 643: 638: 633: 630: 628: 625: 623: 620: 618: 615: 613: 610: 608: 605: 603: 600: 599: 598: 597: 592: 587: 583: 580: 578: 575: 573: 570: 568: 565: 563: 560: 558: 555: 553: 550: 548: 547:Pickpocketing 545: 543: 540: 538: 535: 533: 530: 528: 525: 523: 520: 518: 515: 513: 510: 508: 505: 503: 500: 498: 495: 493: 490: 488: 485: 483: 480: 478: 475: 473: 470: 468: 465: 464: 463: 462: 457: 452: 449: 447: 444: 442: 439: 437: 434: 432: 429: 427: 424: 422: 419: 417: 414: 412: 409: 407: 404: 402: 399: 397: 396:Homosexuality 394: 392: 389: 387: 384: 382: 379: 377: 374: 372: 369: 368: 367: 366: 363: 359: 354: 351: 349: 346: 344: 341: 339: 336: 334: 331: 327: 324: 323: 322: 319: 315: 312: 311: 310: 307: 305: 302: 299: 295: 292: 290: 287: 285: 282: 280: 277: 275: 272: 270: 267: 265: 262: 260: 259:Home invasion 257: 255: 252: 250: 247: 245: 242: 240: 237: 235: 232: 230: 227: 225: 222: 220: 217: 215: 212: 210: 209:Assassination 207: 206: 205: 204: 201: 197: 192: 189: 187: 184: 182: 179: 177: 174: 173: 172: 171: 168: 164: 158: 154: 151: 148: 145: 142: 138: 135: 134: 133: 132: 127: 122: 119: 117: 114: 112: 109: 107: 104: 102: 99: 97: 94: 93: 92: 91: 88: 83: 78: 75: 73: 70: 68: 67: 63: 61: 60: 56: 55: 54: 53: 50: 46: 43: 39: 35: 31: 30: 27: 19: 5339:Human rights 5316: 5260:Types of law 5201:State courts 5101:Civil rights 5021: 5015: 4996: 4960:Criminal Law 4959: 4953: 4942:. Retrieved 4938: 4928: 4902:Criminal Law 4901: 4895: 4886:Criminal Law 4885: 4878: 4852:Criminal Law 4851: 4845: 4834:. Retrieved 4830: 4821: 4805:Criminal law 4804: 4798: 4787:. Retrieved 4783: 4774: 4763:. Retrieved 4759: 4750: 4739:. Retrieved 4735: 4712:. Retrieved 4708: 4685:. Retrieved 4683:. 1990-06-05 4680: 4671: 4660:. Retrieved 4656: 4647: 4621:Criminal Law 4620: 4614: 4604:10 September 4602:. Retrieved 4598: 4589: 4580: 4571: 4545:Criminal Law 4544: 4538: 4529: 4520: 4507: 4490: 4486: 4476: 4467: 4458: 4449: 4440: 4430: 4426: 4386:Criminal law 4385: 4379: 4371: 4367: 4356:. Retrieved 4354:. 2019-09-30 4346: 4306:Criminal law 4305: 4299: 4286: 4280: 4254:Criminal Law 4253: 4196:Criminal law 4195: 4160:Criminal Law 4159: 4153: 4122: 4106: 4096:Solicitation 4094: 4091:Solicitation 4075: 4070: 4063: 4050:solicitation 4039: 4028: 4008: 3993: 3980: 3971:Prostitution 3969: 3966:Prostitution 3961: 3948: 3942: 3933:Embezzlement 3931: 3928: 3925: 3919: 3917:Chapter 31. 3912: 3905: 3893: 3881: 3861: 3852: 3841: 3837: 3834: 3828: 3806: 3799: 3790: 3783: 3773: 3767: 3759: 3755: 3752: 3742: 3739: 3724: 3720: 3714: 3709:Manslaughter 3707: 3704:Manslaughter 3699: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3672: 3669: 3660: 3645: 3642: 3628: 3613: 3573: 3561: 3545: 3536: 3528:solicitation 3521: 3517:Intoxication 3495: 3476: 3473: 3466: 3460: 3449: 3437: 3434: 3419: 3408: 3395: 3385: 3381: 3379: 3374: 3370: 3361: 3353: 3349: 3337: 3330: 3302: 3296: 3291: 3285: 3249:embezzlement 3243:solicitation 3221: 3210: 3205: 3203: 3188: 3179: 3164: 3155: 3144:Please help 3139:verification 3136: 3113: 3109: 3106: 3094: 3091: 3078: 3074:adding to it 3069: 3046: 3041: 3039: 3028: 3010: 2973:Criminal law 2916: 2742:Similar fact 2622:Part of the 2591: 2585: 2579: 2563: 2507: 2402:Self-defense 2359: 2282:Lèse-majesté 1996:Embezzlement 1920:Prostitution 1910:Masturbation 1793:Manslaughter 1778:Intimidation 1690:Solicitation 1563: 1556: 1541:Criminal law 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1494: 1478: 1448: 1382: 1359: 1341: 1326:police power 1323: 1299: 1287: 1281: 1258: 1244: 1223: 1219: 1201: 1192: 1152: 1143:public order 1136: 1123: 1121: 1094: 1085: 1075: 1068: 1061: 1054: 1042: 1030:Please help 1025:verification 1022: 903:Self-defense 860: 783:Lèse-majesté 497:Embezzlement 421:Prostitution 411:Masturbation 294:Manslaughter 279:Intimidation 191:Solicitation 64: 57: 42:Criminal law 26: 5251:Reading law 5083:legislation 3730:Malfeasance 3595:Durham rule 3526:, attempt, 3317:negligently 3204:The phrase 3185:Social harm 3040:The phrase 3025:English law 2877:Confessions 2828:Impeachment 2717:Materiality 2664:Inculpatory 2659:Exculpatory 2644:Documentary 2594:of a crime. 2397:Provocation 2121:Obstruction 2101:Compounding 2066:Tax evasion 1890:Fornication 1723:Child abuse 1652:Misdemeanor 1576:Concurrence 1398:Criminology 1302:penal codes 1269:regulations 1149:Definitions 898:Provocation 622:Obstruction 602:Compounding 567:Tax evasion 391:Fornication 224:Child abuse 153:Misdemeanor 77:Concurrence 5231:Law school 5176:Bankruptcy 5091:Federalism 5028:: 643–726. 5010:) (2006). 4944:2024-07-08 4836:2024-04-03 4813:1086314615 4789:2023-04-27 4765:2023-03-09 4741:2023-04-10 4714:2023-04-10 4687:2023-04-06 4662:2023-04-27 4358:2023-03-09 4145:References 4108:Conspiracy 4103:Conspiracy 4054:conspiracy 3801:Kidnapping 3468:Entrapment 3386:actus reus 3371:actus reus 3313:recklessly 3231:conspiracy 3081:March 2016 3029:res gestae 3012:Res gestae 2939:common law 2918:Res gestae 2803:Competence 2727:Spoliation 2606:Res gestae 2599:Res gestae 2576:common law 2509:actus reus 2355:Entrapment 2330:Automatism 2307:Subversion 2266:Bestiality 2235:War crimes 2230:Usurpation 2157:Corruption 2116:Misprision 1991:Cybercrime 1783:Kidnapping 1763:Hate crime 1753:Harassment 1733:Defamation 1685:Incitement 1680:Conspiracy 1646:Infraction 1605:Complicity 1600:Accomplice 1558:Actus reus 1522:Actus reus 1515:Actus reus 1505:Actus reus 1503:elements. 1497:actus reus 1307:See also: 1255:Common law 1249:Common law 1214:accomplice 1155:actus reus 1058:newspapers 856:Entrapment 831:Automatism 808:Subversion 767:Bestiality 736:War crimes 731:Usurpation 658:Corruption 617:Misprision 492:Cybercrime 284:Kidnapping 264:Hate crime 254:Harassment 234:Defamation 186:Incitement 181:Conspiracy 147:Infraction 106:Complicity 101:Accomplice 59:Actus reus 5322:Procedure 5312:Corporate 5223:Education 4920:908077558 4870:908077558 4639:908077558 4563:908077558 4493:(3): 30. 4412:cite book 4404:988325743 4332:cite book 4324:988325743 4272:908077558 4222:cite book 4214:988325743 4178:908077558 3615:offense. 3456:necessity 3333:causation 3327:Causation 3309:purposely 2808:Privilege 2794:Witnesses 2732:Character 2698:Relevance 2639:Testimony 2564:actus rei 2418:Contracts 2392:Necessity 2297:Secession 2292:Espionage 2225:Terrorism 2187:Smuggling 2081:Vandalism 2061:Smuggling 2001:Extortion 1976:Blackmail 1950:Voyeurism 1930:Pederasty 1915:Obscenity 1797:corporate 1620:Vicarious 1615:Principal 1610:Corporate 1595:Accessory 1586:liability 1571:Causation 1226:accessory 1207:Principal 1128:civil law 1088:July 2024 919:Contracts 893:Necessity 798:Secession 793:Espionage 726:Terrorism 688:Smuggling 582:Vandalism 562:Smuggling 502:Extortion 477:Blackmail 451:Voyeurism 431:Pederasty 416:Obscenity 298:corporate 121:Vicarious 116:Principal 111:Corporate 96:Accessory 87:liability 72:Causation 5399:Category 5344:Juvenile 5317:Criminal 5307:Property 5302:Contract 5267:Abortion 5164:District 4450:US Legal 4133:See also 3999:Polygamy 3937:converts 3895:Burglary 3890:Burglary 3779:Stalking 3639:Homicide 3607:ALI rule 3506:insanity 3430:homicide 3382:mens rea 3375:mens rea 3319:", and " 3304:mens rea 3292:mens rea 3280:burglary 3206:mens rea 3200:Mens rea 3194:Mens rea 3158:May 2019 3103:Omission 2959:Property 2949:Contract 2823:Redirect 2616:Evidence 2581:mens rea 2433:Property 2428:Evidence 2423:Defenses 2372:Insanity 2302:Sedition 2256:Poaching 2220:Regicide 2172:Genocide 2147:Apostasy 2085:Mischief 2021:Gambling 1986:Burglary 1870:Adultery 1847:Stabbing 1842:Stalking 1825:Homicide 1788:Menacing 1768:Homicide 1565:Mens rea 1548:Elements 1509:Mens rea 1501:mens rea 1491:Elements 1402:Penology 1296:Statutes 1265:statutes 934:Property 929:Evidence 924:Defenses 873:Insanity 803:Sedition 757:Poaching 721:Regicide 673:Genocide 648:Apostasy 586:Mischief 522:Gambling 487:Burglary 371:Adultery 348:Stabbing 343:Stalking 326:Homicide 289:Menacing 269:Homicide 66:Mens rea 49:Elements 5354:Privacy 5349:Martial 5159:Appeals 5154:Supreme 4599:FindLaw 4468:LSD.Law 4119:Merging 4065:Attempt 4060:Attempt 4046:attempt 4030:Treason 3921:Larceny 3785:Battery 3769:Assault 3744:Robbery 3736:Robbery 3666:Degrees 3542:Mistake 3524:larceny 3510:Infancy 3426:battery 3422:defense 3274:assault 3268:robbery 3264:larceny 3237:attempt 2857:Hearsay 2654:Digital 2590:or the 2461:Portals 2452:estates 2384: ( 2382:Mistake 2367:Infancy 2335:Consent 2287:Treason 2204:smoking 2200:alcohol 2167:Dueling 2152:Begging 2126:Perjury 2056:Robbery 2036:Looting 2031:Larceny 2011:Forgery 1981:Bribery 1852:Torture 1837:Robbery 1795: ( 1748:Frameup 1718:Battery 1713:Assault 1675:Attempt 1406:Justice 1236:arrest. 1198:Parties 1189:Degrees 1157:), the 1072:scholar 962:Portals 953:estates 885: ( 883:Mistake 868:Infancy 836:Consent 788:Treason 705:smoking 701:alcohol 668:Dueling 653:Begging 627:Perjury 557:Robbery 537:Looting 532:Larceny 512:Forgery 482:Bribery 353:Torture 338:Robbery 296: ( 249:Frameup 219:Battery 214:Assault 176:Attempt 5369:Sports 5329:Energy 5241:US bar 5181:Claims 4976: 4918: 4908: 4868: 4858: 4811: 4637: 4627: 4561: 4551: 4402: 4392: 4322: 4312: 4270: 4260: 4212: 4202: 4176: 4166: 4126:lesser 3995:Bigamy 3775:Mayhem 3748:parole 3651:Murder 3619:Crimes 3563:Duress 3558:Duress 3502:duress 3492:Excuse 3266:& 2937:Other 2626:series 2448:trusts 2386:of law 2350:Duress 2215:Piracy 2202:, and 2041:Payola 1900:Incest 1875:Bigamy 1813:felony 1808:Murder 1803:Mayhem 1636:Felony 1473:, and 1443:; and 1420:, and 1181:, and 1159:intent 1074: 1067: 1060: 1053: 1045: 949:trusts 887:of law 851:Duress 716:Piracy 703:, and 542:Payola 401:Incest 376:Bigamy 314:felony 309:Murder 304:Mayhem 137:Felony 5384:Trust 5374:State 5358:State 5024:(2). 4523:: 31. 4517:(PDF) 4291:(PDF) 3977:Drugs 3952:title 3902:Theft 3883:Arson 3878:Arson 3550:or a 3532:arson 3420:This 3017:Latin 2964:Wills 2941:areas 2737:Habit 2572:crime 2568:Latin 2444:Wills 2438:Torts 2196:drugs 2071:Theft 2016:Fraud 1966:Arson 1079:JSTOR 1065:books 945:Wills 939:Torts 697:drugs 572:Theft 517:Fraud 467:Arson 5379:Tort 5364:Race 5169:list 5081:and 4974:ISBN 4939:CNBC 4916:OCLC 4906:ISBN 4866:OCLC 4856:ISBN 4809:OCLC 4635:OCLC 4625:ISBN 4606:2017 4559:OCLC 4549:ISBN 4418:link 4400:OCLC 4390:ISBN 4338:link 4320:OCLC 4310:ISBN 4268:OCLC 4258:ISBN 4228:link 4210:OCLC 4200:ISBN 4174:OCLC 4164:ISBN 4052:and 3981:The 3830:Rape 3825:Rape 3610:law. 3504:and 3384:and 3373:and 3354:The 3315:", " 3297:The 3023:and 2954:Tort 2684:Lies 2450:and 1925:Rape 1654:(or 1638:(or 1376:and 1360:The 1275:. A 1122:The 1051:news 951:and 426:Rape 155:(or 139:(or 5334:Gun 5191:Tax 4964:doi 4495:doi 4040:An 3428:or 3299:MPC 3148:by 3099:. 3076:. 2624:law 2574:in 2566:), 2560:pl. 2469:Law 1261:law 1224:An 1034:by 970:Law 5401:: 5022:62 5020:. 5014:. 4972:, 4937:. 4914:. 4864:. 4829:. 4807:. 4782:. 4758:. 4734:. 4723:^ 4707:. 4696:^ 4679:. 4655:. 4633:. 4597:. 4579:. 4557:. 4519:. 4491:36 4489:. 4485:. 4466:. 4448:. 4414:}} 4410:{{ 4398:. 4334:}} 4330:{{ 4318:. 4266:. 4236:^ 4224:}} 4220:{{ 4208:. 4186:^ 4172:. 4048:, 3954:. 3850:. 3508:. 3458:. 3286:A 3222:A 2966:, 2562:: 2558:; 2545:eɪ 2446:, 2198:, 2083:, 1469:, 1465:, 1461:, 1439:; 1435:; 1416:, 1412:, 1408:, 1404:, 1400:, 1396:, 1340:. 1185:. 1177:, 1173:, 1169:, 1165:, 947:, 699:, 584:, 5360:) 5356:( 5171:) 5167:( 5062:e 5055:t 5048:v 5035:. 4966:: 4947:. 4922:. 4872:. 4839:. 4815:. 4792:. 4768:. 4744:. 4717:. 4690:. 4665:. 4641:. 4608:. 4583:. 4565:. 4501:. 4497:: 4470:. 4452:. 4420:) 4406:. 4361:. 4340:) 4326:. 4274:. 4230:) 4216:. 4180:. 3171:) 3165:( 3160:) 3156:( 3142:. 3083:) 3079:( 3015:( 3000:e 2993:t 2986:v 2608:. 2554:/ 2551:s 2548:ə 2542:r 2539:ˈ 2534:s 2531:ə 2528:t 2525:k 2522:æ 2519:ˈ 2516:/ 2512:( 2496:e 2489:t 2482:v 2388:) 2206:) 1799:) 1658:) 1642:) 1524:. 1101:) 1095:( 1090:) 1086:( 1076:· 1069:· 1062:· 1055:· 1028:. 997:e 990:t 983:v 889:) 707:) 300:) 159:) 143:) 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Knowledge (XXG)

Criminal law of the United States

Index