1102:, which means they can eat meat and plant matter. Hamsters that live in the wild eat seeds, grass, and even insects. Although pet hamsters can survive on a diet of exclusively commercial hamster food, other items, such as vegetables, fruits, seeds, and nuts, can be given. Although store-bought food is good for hamsters, it is best if fruits and vegetables are also in their diet because it keeps them healthier. Even though hamsters are allowed to have both fruits and vegetables, it is important to understand exactly which ones they can have and how much. Hamsters do best with fruits that do not have citrus in them and most green leafy vegetables. Hamsters should never be fed junk food, chocolate, garlic, or any salty/sugary foods. Hamsters tend to love peanut butter but it is important to feed it to them carefully because this sticky food can get stuck in their cheeks. Hamsters in the Middle East have been known to hunt in packs to find insects for food. Hamsters are
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889:. In Jerusalem, the hamsters bred very successfully. Years later, animals of this original breeding colony were exported to the United States, where Syrian hamsters became a common pet and laboratory animal. Comparative studies of domestic and wild Syrian hamsters have shown reduced genetic variability in the domestic strain. However, the differences in behavioral, chronobiological, morphometrical, hematological, and biochemical parameters are relatively small and fall into the expected range of interstrain variations in other laboratory animals.
1205:
temperatures, offers relatively stable climatic conditions, and protects against predators. Syrian hamsters dig their burrows generally at a depth of 70 cm (2.3 ft). A burrow includes a steep entrance pipe (4–5 cm (1.6–2.0 in) in diameter), a nesting and a hoarding chamber and a blind-ending branch for urination. Laboratory hamsters have not lost their ability to dig burrows; in fact, they will do this with great vigor and skill if they are provided with the appropriate substrate.
1353:
1180:(active mostly at dawn and dusk). Khunen writes, "Hamsters are nocturnal rodents who are active during the night", but others have written that because hamsters live underground during most of the day, only leaving their burrows for about an hour before sundown and then returning when it gets dark, their behavior is primarily crepuscular. Fritzsche indicated although some species have been observed to show more nocturnal activity than others, they are all primarily crepuscular.
81:
57:
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and identify which ones are not theirs. Their scent glands can also be used to mark their territories, their babies, or their mate. Hamsters catch sounds by having their ears upright. They tend to learn similar noises and begin to know the sound of their food and even their owner's voice. They are also particularly sensitive to high-pitched noises and can hear and communicate in the
1081:. Their eyesight leads to them not having a good sense of distance or knowing where they are, but that does not stop them from climbing in (and sometimes out of) their cages or from being adventurous. Hamsters can sense movement around at all times, which helps protect them from harm in the wild. In a household, this sense helps them know when their owner is near. Hamsters have
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323:
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adoption of abandoned hamsters throughout the city and to maintain pet ownership via methods such as the forgery of pet store purchase receipts. Some activists attempted to intercept owners who were on their way to turn in pet hamsters and encourage them to choose adoption instead, which the government subsequently warned would be subject to police action.
359:
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1135:. They carry food in their spacious cheek pouches to their underground storage chambers. When full, the cheeks can make their heads double, or even triple in size. Hamsters lose weight during the autumn months in anticipation of winter. This occurs even when hamsters are kept as pets and is related to an increase in exercise.
1267:
lasts 16 to 18 days for Syrian hamsters, 18 to 21 days for
Russian hamsters, 21 to 23 days for Chinese hamsters and 23 to 30 for Roborovski hamsters. The average litter size for Syrian hamsters is about seven pups, but can be as great as 24, which is the maximum number of pups that can be contained in the uterus.
1204:
All hamsters are excellent diggers, constructing burrows with one or more entrances, with galleries connected to chambers for nesting, food storage, and other activities. They use their fore- and hindlegs, as well as their snouts and teeth, for digging. In the wild, the burrow buffers extreme ambient
1279:
Female
Chinese and Syrian hamsters are known for being aggressive toward males if kept together for too long after mating. In some cases, male hamsters can die after being attacked by a female. If breeding hamsters, separation of the pair after mating is recommended, or they will attack each other.
1085:
on their flanks (and abdomens in
Chinese and dwarf hamsters) which they rub against the surface beneath them, leaving a scent trail. Hamsters also use their sense of smell to distinguish between the sexes and to locate food. Mother hamsters can also use their sense of smell to find their own babies
1283:
Female hamsters are also particularly sensitive to disturbances while giving birth, and may even eat their own young if they think they are in danger, although sometimes they are just carrying the pups in their cheek pouches. If captive female hamsters are left for extended periods (three weeks or
1253:
in relation to their body size. Before sexual maturity occurs, it is more difficult to determine a young hamster's sex. When examined, female hamsters have their anal and genital openings close together, whereas males have these two holes farther apart (the penis is usually withdrawn into the coat
1163:
or same-gender unrelated hamsters if introduced at an early enough age, but this cannot be guaranteed. Hamsters communicate through body language to one another and even to their owner. They communicate by sending a specific scent using their scent glands and also show body language to express how
987:
Hamsters are typically stout-bodied, with tails shorter than body length, and have small, furry ears, short, stocky legs, and wide feet. They have thick, silky fur, which can be long or short, colored black, grey, honey, white, brown, yellow, red, or a mix, depending on the species. Two species of
1315:
Hamsters are born hairless and blind in a nest the mother will have prepared in advance. After one week, they begin to explore outside the nest. Hamsters are capable of producing litters every month. Hamsters can be bred after they are three weeks old. It may be hard for the babies to not rely on
1266:
and will produce several litters a year with several pups in each litter. The breeding season is from April to
October in the Northern Hemisphere, with two to five litters of one to 13 young being born after a gestation period of 16 to 23 days. Dwarf hamsters breed all through the year. Gestation
1237:
at different ages depending on their species. Both Syrian and
Russian hamsters mature quickly and can begin reproducing at a young age (4–5 weeks), whereas Chinese hamsters will usually begin reproducing at two to three months of age, and Roborovskis at three to four months of age. The female's
1474:
bank, leading city authorities to announce a mass cull of all hamsters purchased after
December 22, 2021, which would affect roughly 2,000 animals. After the government 'strongly encouraged' citizens to turn in their pets, approximately 3,000 people joined underground activities to promote the
880:
in 1839, researchers were not able to successfully breed and domesticate hamsters until 1939. The entire laboratory and pet populations of Syrian hamsters appear to be descendants of a single brother–sister pairing. These littermates were captured and imported in 1930 from Aleppo in Syria by
1065:; they have an upper pair and lower pair which grow continuously throughout life, so must be regularly worn down. Hamsters are very flexible, but their bones are somewhat fragile. They are extremely susceptible to rapid temperature changes and drafts, as well as extreme heat or cold.
305:
and, in the wild, remain underground during the day to avoid being caught by predators. They feed primarily on seeds, fruits, and vegetation, and will occasionally eat burrowing insects. Physically, they are stout-bodied with distinguishing features that include elongated
1449:
A hamster show is an event in which people gather hamsters to judge them against each other. Hamster shows are also places where people share their enthusiasm for hamsters among attendees. Hamster shows feature an exhibition of the hamsters participating in the judging.
1453:
The judging of hamsters usually includes a goal of promoting hamsters which conform to natural or established varieties of hamsters. By awarding hamsters which match standard hamster types, hamster shows encourage planned and careful hamster breeding.
1302:
1301:
1298:
1303:
1391:
claimed most hamsters kept in the United
Kingdom were descended from the colony he introduced for medical research purposes during the Second World War. Hamsters were domesticated and kept as pets in the United States at least as early as 1942.
1316:
their mother for nursing during this time, so it is important that they are supplied with food to make the transition from nursing to eating on their own easier. After the hamsters reach three weeks of age they are considered mature.
1300:
1195:
to about 5% and helps the animal to considerably reduce the need for food during the winter. Hibernation can last up to one week but more commonly last 2–3 days. When kept as house pets the Syrian hamster does not hibernate.
1789:
Proceedings of the
International Conference Devoted to the 90th Anniversary of Prof. I. M. Gromov on Systematics, Phylogeny and Paleontology of Small Mammals (A. Averianov and N. Abramson eds.). St. Petersburg.
1419:) is the most common—they are also sometimes called "Russian dwarfs"; however, many hamsters are from Russia, so this ambiguous name does not distinguish them from other species appropriately. The coat of the
1324:
Syrian hamsters typically live no more than two to three years in captivity, and less in the wild. Russian hamsters (Campbell's and
Djungarian) live about two to four years in captivity, and Chinese hamsters
1831:
Kuhnen, G. (2002). Comfortable quarters for hamsters in research institutions. In "Comfortable
Quarters for Laboratory Animals" Eds V. Reinhardt and A. Reinhardt. Animal Welfare Institute, Washington DC.
2237:
Gattermann, R.; Fritzsche, P.; Neumann, K.; Al-Hussein, I.; Kayser, A.; Abiad, M.; Yakti, R. (2001). "Notes on the current distribution and the ecology of wild golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus)".
2420:
1503:
Some similar rodents sometimes called "hamsters" are not currently classified in the hamster subfamily Cricetinae. These include the maned hamster, or crested hamster, which is really the
1299:
3210:
1242:
about every four days, which is indicated by a reddening of genital areas, a musky smell, and a hissing, squeaking vocalisation she will emit if she believes a male is nearby.
1271:
tend to have four to eight pups in a litter, but can have up to 13. Winter white hamsters tend to have slightly smaller litters, as do Chinese and Roborovski hamsters.
1249:
female hamster has a trim tail line; a male's tail line bulges on both sides. This might not be very visible in all species. Male hamsters typically have very large
1463:
404:
Epoch in Europe and North Africa; in Asia it extends 6 million to 11 million years. Four of the seven living genera include extinct species. One extinct hamster of
3141:
2446:
Slotte, J. Peter; Pörn, M. Isabella; Härmälä, Ann-Sofi (1994). "19 Flow and Distribution of Cholesterol—Effects of Phospholipids". In Hoekstra, Dick (ed.).
2389:
410:, for example, lived in North Africa during the Middle Miocene, but the only extant member of that genus is the European or common hamster of Eurasia.
3205:
2421:"Coronavirus: 2,000 hamsters to be culled over fears of first animal-to-human transmission in Hong Kong, pet store customers ordered into quarantine"
2325:
2424:
3115:
2155:"Effect of Exercise on Photoperiod-Regulated Hypothalamic Gene Expression and Peripheral Hormones in the Seasonal Dwarf Hamster Phodopus sungorus"
2463:
1897:
1887:
1708:
2538:
1208:
Wild hamsters will also appropriate tunnels made by other mammals; the Djungarian hamster, for instance, uses paths and burrows of the
400:. Their evolutionary history is recorded by 15 extinct fossil genera and extends back 11.2 million to 16.4 million years to the Middle
2372:
1980:
1949:
270:), which is the type most commonly kept as a pet. Other hamster species commonly kept as pets are the three species of dwarf hamster,
745:
was found to represent the earliest split among hamsters. Their analysis included both species. The results of another study suggest
2678:
2497:
2490:
2043:
1810:
1680:
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took place via imported pet hamsters, researchers expressed difficulty in identifying some of the viral mutations within a global
1118:
1061:, which has a tail the same length as the body. One rodent characteristic that can be highly visible in hamsters is their sharp
976:
3133:
2223:
886:
3120:
336:
1785:
Lebedev, V. S., N. V. Ivanova, N. K. Pavlova, and A. B. Poltoraus. 2003. Molecular phylogeny of the Palearctic hamsters.
3128:
3021:
3012:
676:
583:
157:
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1412:
1268:
995:
639:
366:
271:
80:
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2140:
2062:
1420:
1132:
657:
529:
330:
279:
3146:
1725:
2847:
1486:
1384:
520:
2531:
1471:
877:
648:
31:
1724:
Neumann, K; Michaux, J; Lebedev, V; Yigit, N; Colak, E; Ivanova, N; Poltoraus, A; Surov, A; Markov, G (2006).
1044:), measuring up to 34 cm (13 in) long, not including a short tail of up to 6 cm (2.4 in).
2811:
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2397:
1017:
485:
393:
2316:
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2754:
1152:
438:
3167:
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1285:
727:
476:
1352:
1805:
Fritzsche, Peter. 2008. Hamsters: A Complete Pet Owner's Manual. Barron's Educational Series Inc., NY
1238:
reproductive life lasts about 18 months, but male hamsters remain fertile much longer. Females are in
3089:
2931:
2346:
Testimony from Grant C Riddle (born 1929, living in Lake Wildwood, CA) who had a pet hamster in 1942.
2166:
1744:
1624:
1103:
800:
The remaining genera of hamsters formed a third major clade. Two of the three sampled species within
599:
3195:
2524:
935:
911:
707:
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the litter, so the litter must be removed by the time the young can feed and drink independently.
2997:
2988:
2955:
2838:
1512:
1428:
1003:
902:
619:
352:
298:
287:
75:
2153:
Petri, Ines; Dumbell, Rebecca; Scherbarth, Frank; Steinlechner, Stephan; Barrett, Perry (2014).
1036:
are the smallest, with bodies 5.5 to 10.5 cm (2.2 to 4.1 in) long; the largest is the
3172:
2290:
3200:
3154:
3102:
2829:
2745:
2493:
2486:
2477:
2469:
2459:
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2184:
2039:
2001:
1976:
1972:
1966:
1945:
1893:
1806:
1768:
1704:
1700:
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624:—grey dwarf hamster, Armenian hamster, migratory grey hamster; grey hamster; migratory hamster
511:
429:
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2112:
3159:
2922:
2880:
2871:
2664:
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2192:
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920:
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548:
3080:
2946:
2913:
2820:
2516:
2087:
1388:
1246:
1058:
1025:
952:"oppressor"). The collective noun for a group of hamsters is "horde". In German, the verb
611:
577:
502:
203:
2170:
1748:
2904:
2736:
2455:
2197:
2154:
1726:"Molecular phylogeny of the Cricetinae subfamily based on the mitochondrial cytochrome
1583:
1578:
1372:
1357:
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882:
869:
568:
422:
263:
210:
68:
2265:
56:
3189:
2778:
2769:
2634:
1546:
1365:
457:
372:
Taxonomists generally disagree about the most appropriate placement of the subfamily
2028:
1861:
1187:
and allow their body temperature to fall close to ambient temperature. This kind of
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1619:
1551:
1541:
1536:
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1400:
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1220:
1082:
723:
711:
560:
175:
1339:–3 years. The smaller Roborovski hamster often lives to three years in captivity.
344:
3107:
2179:
1694:
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2603:
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1177:
1074:
1047:
The hamster tail can be difficult to see, as it is usually not very long (about
849:
307:
1914:
2793:
2725:
2642:
2626:
2548:
2390:"Hong Kong hamster massacre: Residents resist 'zero covid' city's pet project"
2250:
1573:
1556:
1427:) turns almost white during winter (when the hours of daylight decrease). The
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1078:
1012:
669:
469:
381:
373:
358:
224:
196:
142:
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2188:
1491:
The extracted cells of babies' kidneys and adults' ovaries are used to study
498:"—Chinese striped hamster, also called Chinese hamster; striped dwarf hamster
2481:
2451:
1504:
1467:
1234:
1184:
1173:
1099:
694:
553:—European hamster, also called common hamster or black-bellied field hamster
302:
259:
244:
92:
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1772:
1675:
Barrie, Anmarie. 1995. Hamsters as a New Pet. T.F.H. Publications Inc., NJ
1151:
Most hamsters are strictly solitary. If housed together, acute and chronic
1143:
1032:) have a dark stripe down their heads to their tails. The species of genus
322:
17:
3065:
3059:
2970:
2707:
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1600:
1408:
1160:
1156:
990:
965:
898:
719:
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541:
450:
406:
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extending to their shoulders, which they use to carry food back to their
217:
189:
182:
112:
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including long-haired varieties and different colors. British zoologist
905:
1589:
943:
401:
397:
389:
251:
46:
1764:
2719:
2713:
2701:
2590:
2572:
2560:
1568:
1562:
1435:) is extremely small and fast, making it difficult to keep as a pet.
1250:
1239:
1062:
311:
240:
132:
122:
102:
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2218:
2216:
1110:) to recover nutrients digested in the hind-gut, but not absorbed.
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1295:
1219:
1142:
1117:
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773:
693:
357:
343:
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321:
255:
1462:
When the first reported case of animal-to-human transmission of
1209:
715:
385:
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2660:
2520:
2419:
Ting, Victor; Choy, Gigi; Cheung, Elizabeth (18 January 2022).
1155:
might occur, and they might fight fiercely, sometimes fatally.
1595:
1407:
Other hamsters commonly kept as pets are the three species of
1380:
1944:. photographs by Andy King. Minneapolis: Lerner. p. 13.
2511:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2143:. Standard Edition. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, 2007.
2135:
2133:
662:—Djungarian hamster or winter-white Russian dwarf hamster
2026:
Bartlett, Patricia Pope; Earle-Bridges, Michele (2003).
2002:"Anatomy | About Hamsters | Hamsters | Guide | Omlet US"
1224:
A mother Syrian hamster with pups less than one week old
681:—greater long-tailed hamster, also called Korean hamster
2365:
Hamsterlopaedia : a complete guide to hamster care
2363:
Logsdail, Chris; Logsdail, Peter; Hovers, Kate (2002).
2224:"Welcome to the British Hamster Association Web Site"
2063:"Hamster Body Language & Behavior: What it Means"
1307:
An adult female and several juvenile dwarf hamsters (
914:
1971:(Rev. ed.). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. p.
396:; others group all these into a large family called
3049:
3010:
2968:
2944:
2893:
2869:
2791:
2767:
2734:
1057:the length of the body), with the exception of the
901:from the German, which itself derives from earlier
2388:Mahtani, Shibani; Yu, Theodora (20 January 2022).
2315:
2291:"How Soon Can You Take a Hamster From Its Mother?"
2027:
804:represent the earliest split. This clade contains
2057:
2055:
776:. Their analysis included all four species, with
507:—Chinese (dwarf) hamster, also called rat hamster
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
314:, as well as a short tail and fur-covered feet.
1919:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
730:. They uncovered the following relationships:
2672:
2532:
947:
929:
923:
710:analysis of 12 of the above 17 species using
8:
1730:and 12S rRNA genes and the nuclear vWF gene"
1254:and thus appears as a hole or pink pimple).
959:
953:
3211:Taxa named by Gotthelf Fischer von Waldheim
1996:
1994:
1992:
1379:), which is the type most commonly kept as
1131:A behavioral characteristic of hamsters is
262:. The best-known species of hamster is the
3037:
2679:
2665:
2657:
2539:
2525:
2517:
2423:. South China Morning Post. Archived from
2113:"Is it Safe For Your Hamster to Eat That?"
258:. They have become established as popular
55:
38:
2196:
2178:
1371:The best-known species of hamster is the
919:, which is either a blend of the root of
2637:(rice rats, oldfield mice and relatives)
1671:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1394:
876:) was first described scientifically by
824:The remaining clade contains members of
757:group or hold a similar basal position.
2034:. Barron's Educational Series. p.
1866:Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary
1801:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1737:Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution
1699:. Barron's Educational Series. p.
1611:
1275:Intersexual aggression and cannibalism
1073:Hamsters have poor eyesight; they are
942:"hamster"); or of Persian origin (cf.
1645:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1635:
856:was their next closest relative, and
516:—Kam dwarf hamster or Tibetan hamster
7:
2328:from the original on 11 January 2022
2088:"All About Keeping Hamsters as Pets"
1122:Pet Syrian hamster examines a banana
934:) "hamster" and a Baltic word (cf.
690:Relationships among hamster species
2367:. Lydney: Ringpress. p. 161.
1284:more) with their litter, they may
243:(order Rodentia) belonging to the
25:
27:Subfamily of rodents (Cricetinae)
3206:Extant Miocene first appearances
1693:Bartlett, Patricia Pope (2003).
1183:In the wild Syrian hamsters can
79:
2645:(vesper mice and climbing mice)
1848:The Online Etymology Dictionary
1106:and often eat their own feces (
988:hamster belonging to the genus
868:Although the Syrian hamster or
586:'s hamster; Azerbaijani hamster
481:—Tibetan dwarf or Ladak hamster
2266:"hamster | Facts & Breeds"
753:) might belong to either this
582:—Turkish hamster, also called
443:—Eversmann's or Kazakh hamster
1:
3022:Greater long-tailed hamster (
2606:(voles, lemmings and muskrat)
2547:Extant subfamilies of family
2512:National Hamster Council (UK)
2317:"Leonard Goodwin – Telegraph"
1172:Hamsters can be described as
2458:. pp. 483–502/xii+638.
2180:10.1371/journal.pone.0090253
1968:Concise encyclopedia biology
1942:My pet hamster & gerbils
1889:Beat about the Bush: Mammals
910:. It is possibly related to
808:(and presumably the related
749:(and presumably the related
380:. Some place it in a family
340:A winter white dwarf hamster
2958:Nothocricetulus migratorius
2848:Long-tailed dwarf hamster (
1757:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.01.010
1403:made from a display cabinet
948:
930:
915:
3227:
2980:Campbell's dwarf hamster (
1484:
1442:
1421:winter white dwarf hamster
525:—long-tailed dwarf hamster
331:winter white dwarf hamster
280:winter white dwarf hamster
29:
2857:Sokolov's dwarf hamster (
2812:Chinese striped hamster (
2757:Allocricetulus eversmanni
2696:
2629:(deer mice and relatives)
2599:
2555:
2251:10.1017/S0952836901000851
1487:Laboratory Syrian hamster
1385:Syrian hamster variations
1269:Campbell's dwarf hamsters
924:
784:forming one subclade and
644:—Campbell's dwarf hamster
573:—golden or Syrian hamster
170:
165:
76:Scientific classification
74:
63:
54:
41:
2850:Cricetulus longicaudatus
1965:Thomas A. Scott (1995).
1886:Carnaby, Trevor (2006).
1654:. T. F. H. Publications.
1413:Campbell's dwarf hamster
1373:golden or Syrian hamster
1245:When seen from above, a
1010:), and two of the genus
996:Campbell's dwarf hamster
897:The name "hamster" is a
878:George Robert Waterhouse
534:—Sokolov's dwarf hamster
367:Campbell's dwarf hamster
272:Campbell's dwarf hamster
264:golden or Syrian hamster
32:Hamster (disambiguation)
2803:Tibetan dwarf hamster (
2748:Allocricetulus curtatus
2622:New World rats and mice
2270:Encyclopedia Britannica
2141:Encyclopædia Britannica
1940:LeeAnne Engfer (1997).
1620:"Cricetinae (Hamsters)"
1481:Hamsters as lab animals
1258:Gestation and fecundity
1159:species might tolerate
1018:Chinese striped hamster
906:
887:University of Jerusalem
394:New World rats and mice
376:within the superfamily
45:Temporal range: Middle
2989:Roborovski's hamster (
2932:Ciscaucasian hamster (
2691:(subfamily Cricetinae)
1525:Mystromys albicaudatus
1404:
1368:
1312:
1225:
1148:
1123:
984:
960:
954:
939:
854:Cricetulus migratorius
708:molecular phylogenetic
699:
369:
355:
341:
333:
3168:Paleobiology Database
2814:Cricetulus barabensis
2755:Eversmann's hamster (
1493:cholesterol synthesis
1485:Further information:
1398:
1383:. There are numerous
1362:Mesocricetus autatus)
1355:
1306:
1223:
1146:
1121:
979:
885:, a zoologist of the
728:von Willebrand factor
697:
615:- grey dwarf hamster
604:—Ciscaucasian hamster
361:
347:
339:
325:
2998:Djungarian hamster (
2991:Phodopus roborovskii
2956:Grey dwarf hamster (
2925:Mesocricetus newtoni
2916:Mesocricetus brandti
2907:Mesocricetus auratus
2839:Lama dwarf hamster (
2030:The Hamster Handbook
1696:The Hamster Handbook
1625:Animal Diversity Web
1433:Phodopus roborovskii
1377:Mesocricetus auratus
1262:Syrian hamsters are
874:Mesocricetus auratus
292:Phodopus roborovskii
268:Mesocricetus auratus
254:classified in seven
250:, which contains 19
65:Mesocricetus auratus
30:For other uses, see
2934:Mesocricetus raddei
2859:Cricetulus sokolovi
2832:Cricetulus kamensis
2830:Kam dwarf hamster (
2805:Cricetulus alticola
2746:Mongolian hamster (
2324:. 14 January 2009.
2322:The Daily Telegraph
2171:2014PLoSO...990253P
1913:Geyken, Alexander.
1749:2006MolPE..39..135N
1513:mouse-like hamsters
1343:Society and culture
912:Old Church Slavonic
747:Cricetulus kamensis
706:(2006) conducted a
653:—Roborovski hamster
384:that also includes
158:Fischer de Waldheim
2982:Phodopus campbelli
2923:Romanian hamster (
2881:European hamster (
2823:Cricetulus griseus
2427:on 22 January 2022
2400:on 22 January 2022
2239:Journal of Zoology
1511:). Others are the
1429:Roborovski hamster
1417:Phodopus campbelli
1405:
1369:
1313:
1226:
1200:Burrowing behavior
1164:they are feeling.
1149:
1124:
1104:hindgut fermenters
1004:Djungarian hamster
985:
903:Middle High German
700:
434:—Mongolian hamster
370:
356:
353:Roborovski hamster
342:
334:
297:Hamsters are more
288:Roborovski hamster
276:Phodopus campbelli
3183:
3182:
3155:Open Tree of Life
3043:Taxon identifiers
3034:
3033:
3024:Tscherskia triton
3000:Phodopus sungorus
2914:Turkish hamster (
2883:Cricetus cricetus
2821:Chinese hamster (
2654:
2653:
2465:978-0-12-153340-3
1899:978-1-77009-240-2
1842:Harper, Douglas.
1710:978-0-7641-2294-1
1650:Fox, Sue (2006).
1509:Lophiomys imhausi
1425:Phodopus sungorus
1309:Phodopus sungorus
1304:
1264:seasonal breeders
1147:Hamsters fighting
1042:Cricetus cricetus
595:—Romanian hamster
564:—golden hamsters
284:Phodopus sungorus
234:
233:
161:
16:(Redirected from
3218:
3176:
3175:
3163:
3162:
3150:
3149:
3137:
3136:
3124:
3123:
3111:
3110:
3098:
3097:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3038:
2905:Golden hamster (
2681:
2674:
2667:
2658:
2646:
2638:
2630:
2615:
2607:
2585:Euarchontoglires
2541:
2534:
2527:
2518:
2500:
2485:
2450:. Vol. 40.
2443:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2396:. Archived from
2385:
2379:
2378:
2360:
2347:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2319:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2261:
2255:
2254:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2220:
2211:
2210:
2200:
2182:
2150:
2144:
2137:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2059:
2050:
2049:
2033:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2012:
1998:
1987:
1986:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1892:. Jacana Media.
1883:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1839:
1833:
1829:
1814:
1803:
1790:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1734:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1690:
1684:
1673:
1656:
1655:
1647:
1630:
1629:
1616:
1521:white-tailed rat
1348:Hamsters as pets
1338:
1337:
1333:
1330:
1305:
1233:Hamsters become
1189:thermoregulation
1056:
1055:
1051:
1038:European hamster
982:European hamster
963:
958:is derived from
957:
951:
933:
927:
926:
918:
909:
814:C. longicaudatus
796:Remaining genera
635:—dwarf hamsters
522:C. longicaudatus
492:C. pseudogriseus
156:
84:
83:
59:
39:
21:
3226:
3225:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3186:
3185:
3184:
3179:
3171:
3166:
3158:
3153:
3145:
3140:
3132:
3127:
3119:
3114:
3106:
3101:
3093:
3088:
3079:
3078:
3073:
3064:
3063:
3058:
3045:
3035:
3030:
3006:
2964:
2947:Nothocricetulus
2940:
2889:
2865:
2841:Cricetulus lama
2787:
2779:Gansu hamster (
2763:
2730:
2692:
2685:
2655:
2650:
2644:
2636:
2628:
2613:
2605:
2595:
2551:
2545:
2508:
2503:
2466:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2430:
2428:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2403:
2401:
2394:Washington Post
2387:
2386:
2382:
2375:
2362:
2361:
2350:
2345:
2341:
2331:
2329:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2299:
2297:
2289:
2288:
2284:
2274:
2272:
2263:
2262:
2258:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2222:
2221:
2214:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2138:
2131:
2121:
2119:
2117:The Spruce Pets
2111:
2110:
2106:
2096:
2094:
2092:The Spruce Pets
2086:
2085:
2081:
2071:
2069:
2061:
2060:
2053:
2046:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2010:
2008:
2000:
1999:
1990:
1983:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1952:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1924:
1922:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1900:
1885:
1884:
1880:
1870:
1868:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1830:
1817:
1804:
1793:
1784:
1780:
1732:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1711:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1674:
1659:
1649:
1648:
1633:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1533:
1519:spp.), and the
1501:
1499:Similar animals
1489:
1483:
1460:
1447:
1441:
1389:Leonard Goodwin
1350:
1345:
1335:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1296:
1294:
1277:
1260:
1247:sexually mature
1231:
1218:
1202:
1191:diminishes the
1170:
1141:
1139:Social behavior
1129:
1116:
1096:
1071:
1059:Chinese hamster
1053:
1049:
1048:
1026:Chinese hamster
974:
895:
866:
822:
798:
766:
739:
692:
612:Nothocricetulus
320:
230:
204:Nothocricetulus
155:
78:
50:
43:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3224:
3222:
3214:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3188:
3187:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3177:
3164:
3151:
3138:
3125:
3112:
3099:
3086:
3071:
3055:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3028:
3018:
3016:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3004:
2995:
2986:
2976:
2974:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2952:
2950:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2929:
2920:
2911:
2901:
2899:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2887:
2877:
2875:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2863:
2854:
2845:
2836:
2827:
2818:
2809:
2799:
2797:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2785:
2781:Cansumys canus
2775:
2773:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2752:
2742:
2740:
2737:Allocricetulus
2732:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2722:
2716:
2710:
2704:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2686:
2684:
2683:
2676:
2669:
2661:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2640:
2635:Sigmodontinae
2632:
2624:
2618:
2617:
2609:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2593:
2587:
2581:
2575:
2569:
2563:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2536:
2529:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2507:
2506:External links
2504:
2502:
2501:
2464:
2456:Academic Press
2438:
2411:
2380:
2374:978-1860542466
2373:
2348:
2339:
2307:
2295:animals.mom.me
2282:
2256:
2245:(3): 359–365.
2229:
2212:
2145:
2129:
2104:
2079:
2051:
2044:
2018:
1988:
1982:978-3110106619
1981:
1957:
1951:978-0822522614
1950:
1932:
1905:
1898:
1878:
1853:
1834:
1815:
1791:
1778:
1716:
1709:
1685:
1657:
1631:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1586:
1584:Hamster racing
1581:
1579:Hampster Dance
1576:
1571:
1566:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1532:
1529:
1500:
1497:
1482:
1479:
1459:
1458:Owner activism
1456:
1443:Main article:
1440:
1437:
1366:exercise wheel
1358:Syrian hamster
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1321:
1318:
1293:
1290:
1276:
1273:
1259:
1256:
1230:
1227:
1217:
1214:
1201:
1198:
1193:metabolic rate
1169:
1166:
1140:
1137:
1128:
1125:
1115:
1112:
1095:
1092:
1070:
1067:
973:
970:
894:
891:
883:Israel Aharoni
870:golden hamster
865:
862:
842:Allocricetulus
838:C. migratorius
826:Allocricetulus
821:
818:
797:
794:
765:
759:
738:
732:
698:Hamster clades
691:
688:
687:
686:
685:
684:
683:
682:
665:
664:
663:
654:
650:P. roborovskii
645:
627:
626:
625:
621:N. migratorius
607:
606:
605:
596:
587:
574:
556:
555:
554:
537:
536:
535:
526:
517:
508:
499:
482:
465:
464:
463:
462:—Gansu hamster
446:
445:
444:
435:
423:Allocricetulus
349:P. roborovski.
319:
318:Classification
316:
232:
231:
229:
228:
221:
214:
211:Allocricetulus
207:
200:
193:
186:
179:
171:
168:
167:
163:
162:
150:
146:
145:
140:
136:
135:
130:
126:
125:
120:
116:
115:
110:
106:
105:
100:
96:
95:
90:
86:
85:
72:
71:
69:Syrian hamster
61:
60:
52:
51:
44:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3223:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3174:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3091:
3087:
3082:
3076:
3072:
3067:
3061:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3039:
3027:
3025:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3015:
3014:
3009:
3003:
3001:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2972:
2967:
2961:
2959:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2937:
2935:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2921:
2919:
2917:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2892:
2886:
2884:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2868:
2862:
2860:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2790:
2784:
2782:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2760:
2758:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2733:
2727:
2723:
2721:
2717:
2715:
2711:
2709:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2698:
2695:
2690:
2682:
2677:
2675:
2670:
2668:
2663:
2662:
2659:
2647:
2641:
2639:
2633:
2631:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2616:
2610:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2598:
2592:
2588:
2586:
2582:
2580:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2562:
2558:
2557:
2554:
2550:
2542:
2537:
2535:
2530:
2528:
2523:
2522:
2519:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2505:
2499:
2498:9780080585116
2495:
2492:
2491:0-12-153340-9
2488:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2442:
2439:
2426:
2422:
2415:
2412:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2384:
2381:
2376:
2370:
2366:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2349:
2343:
2340:
2327:
2323:
2318:
2311:
2308:
2296:
2292:
2286:
2283:
2271:
2267:
2264:Musser, Guy.
2260:
2257:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2233:
2230:
2225:
2219:
2217:
2213:
2208:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2165:(3): e90253.
2164:
2160:
2156:
2149:
2146:
2142:
2136:
2134:
2130:
2118:
2114:
2108:
2105:
2093:
2089:
2083:
2080:
2068:
2064:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2047:
2045:9780764122941
2041:
2037:
2032:
2031:
2022:
2019:
2007:
2003:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1984:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1969:
1961:
1958:
1953:
1947:
1943:
1936:
1933:
1920:
1916:
1909:
1906:
1901:
1895:
1891:
1890:
1882:
1879:
1867:
1863:
1857:
1854:
1849:
1845:
1838:
1835:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1811:0-7641-3927-4
1808:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1782:
1779:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1743:(1): 135–48.
1742:
1738:
1731:
1729:
1720:
1717:
1712:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1697:
1689:
1686:
1682:
1681:0-86622-610-9
1678:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1653:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1615:
1612:
1606:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1547:Hamster wheel
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1488:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1457:
1455:
1451:
1446:
1439:Hamster shows
1438:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1409:dwarf hamster
1402:
1397:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1354:
1347:
1342:
1340:
1319:
1317:
1310:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1281:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1265:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1248:
1243:
1241:
1236:
1228:
1222:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1206:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1168:Chronobiology
1167:
1165:
1162:
1158:
1157:Dwarf hamster
1154:
1145:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1133:food hoarding
1126:
1120:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1098:Hamsters are
1093:
1091:
1089:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1022:C. barabensis
1019:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
992:
983:
978:
971:
969:
967:
962:
956:
950:
945:
941:
937:
932:
922:
917:
913:
908:
904:
900:
892:
890:
888:
884:
879:
875:
871:
863:
861:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
820:Miscellaneous
819:
817:
815:
811:
807:
806:C. barabensis
803:
795:
793:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
772:also forms a
771:
763:
760:
758:
756:
752:
748:
744:
736:
733:
731:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
696:
689:
680:
679:
674:
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628:
623:
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546:
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533:
532:
527:
524:
523:
518:
515:
514:
509:
506:
505:
500:
497:
493:
490:, including "
489:
488:
487:C. barabensis
483:
480:
479:
474:
473:
472:
471:
466:
461:
460:
455:
454:
453:
452:
447:
442:
441:
440:A. eversmanni
436:
433:
432:
427:
426:
425:
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419:
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368:
364:
360:
354:
350:
346:
338:
332:
328:
324:
317:
315:
313:
309:
308:cheek pouches
304:
300:
295:
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289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
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98:
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91:
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82:
77:
73:
70:
66:
62:
58:
53:
48:
40:
37:
33:
19:
3050:
3023:
3011:
2999:
2990:
2981:
2969:
2957:
2945:
2933:
2924:
2915:
2906:
2896:Mesocricetus
2894:
2882:
2870:
2858:
2849:
2840:
2831:
2822:
2813:
2804:
2792:
2780:
2768:
2756:
2747:
2735:
2688:
2611:
2604:Arvicolinae
2583:Superorder:
2577:Infraclass:
2447:
2441:
2429:. Retrieved
2425:the original
2414:
2402:. Retrieved
2398:the original
2393:
2383:
2364:
2342:
2330:. Retrieved
2321:
2310:
2298:. Retrieved
2294:
2285:
2273:. Retrieved
2269:
2259:
2242:
2238:
2232:
2162:
2158:
2148:
2120:. Retrieved
2116:
2107:
2095:. Retrieved
2091:
2082:
2070:. Retrieved
2066:
2029:
2021:
2009:. Retrieved
2006:www.omlet.us
2005:
1967:
1960:
1941:
1935:
1923:. Retrieved
1918:
1908:
1888:
1881:
1869:. Retrieved
1865:
1856:
1847:
1837:
1786:
1781:
1740:
1736:
1727:
1719:
1695:
1688:
1651:
1623:
1614:
1588:
1561:
1552:Hamster ball
1542:Hamster show
1537:Hamster cage
1524:
1516:
1508:
1502:
1490:
1477:
1472:genomic data
1461:
1452:
1448:
1445:Hamster show
1432:
1424:
1416:
1406:
1401:hamster cage
1376:
1370:
1364:standing in
1361:
1323:
1314:
1308:
1282:
1278:
1261:
1244:
1232:
1216:Reproduction
1207:
1203:
1182:
1171:
1150:
1130:
1097:
1083:scent glands
1072:
1046:
1041:
1033:
1029:
1021:
1011:
1007:
1000:P. campbelli
999:
989:
986:
980:Skeleton of
964:. It means "
896:
873:
867:
857:
853:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
823:
813:
809:
805:
801:
799:
789:
785:
781:
777:
770:Mesocricetus
769:
767:
762:Mesocricetus
761:
754:
750:
746:
742:
740:
734:
724:cytochrome b
712:DNA sequence
703:
701:
677:
668:
658:
649:
641:P. campbelli
640:
630:
620:
610:
600:
591:
578:
569:
561:Mesocricetus
559:
549:
540:
530:
521:
512:
503:
495:
491:
486:
477:
468:
458:
449:
439:
430:
421:
415:
405:
371:
363:P. campbelli
362:
348:
326:
296:
291:
283:
275:
267:
247:
236:
235:
223:
216:
209:
202:
195:
188:
181:
176:Mesocricetus
174:
152:
64:
36:
3075:Wikispecies
2687:Species of
2643:Tylomyinae
2627:Neotominae
2612:Cricetinae
2448:Cell lipids
2300:20 November
2139:"hamster."
2122:20 November
2097:20 November
2072:20 November
2067:Caring Pets
2011:20 November
1921:(in German)
1399:A spacious
1286:cannibalize
1178:crepuscular
1075:nearsighted
1008:P. sungorus
972:Description
860:was basal.
850:sister taxa
810:C. sokolovi
751:C. alticola
714:from three
659:P. sungorus
550:C. cricetus
531:C. sokolovi
513:C. kamensis
496:C. obscurus
478:C. alticola
431:A. curtatus
327:P. sungorus
299:crepuscular
149:Subfamily:
3196:Cricetidae
3190:Categories
3095:Cricetinae
3081:Cricetinae
3051:Cricetinae
3013:Tscherskia
2794:Cricetulus
2726:Cricetidae
2614:(hamsters)
2549:Cricetidae
2431:22 January
2404:22 January
2332:18 January
2275:1 February
1765:2268/77207
1607:References
1574:Guinea pig
1557:Chinchilla
1517:Calomyscus
1464:SARS-CoV-2
1108:coprophagy
1088:ultrasonic
1079:colorblind
1030:C. griseus
1024:) and the
1013:Cricetulus
1002:) and the
936:Lithuanian
916:khomestoru
858:Tscherskia
830:Tscherskia
802:Cricetulus
790:M. newtoni
786:M. brandti
778:M. auratus
768:The genus
741:The genus
670:Tscherskia
592:M. newtoni
579:M. brandti
570:M. auratus
504:C. griseus
470:Cricetulus
416:Cricetinae
414:Subfamily
382:Cricetidae
374:Cricetinae
286:) and the
260:small pets
248:Cricetinae
225:Tscherskia
197:Cricetulus
153:Cricetinae
143:Cricetidae
18:Cricetinae
2700:Kingdom:
2559:Kingdom:
2474:0070-2161
2452:San Diego
2189:1932-6203
1915:"Hamster"
1862:"hamster"
1844:"hamster"
1505:maned rat
1468:Hong Kong
1320:Longevity
1311:) feeding
1229:Fertility
1185:hibernate
1174:nocturnal
1100:omnivores
949:hamaēstar
893:Etymology
792:another.
782:M. raddei
678:T. triton
601:M. raddei
303:nocturnal
245:subfamily
99:Kingdom:
93:Eukaryota
49:– present
3201:Hamsters
3134:13000348
3060:Wikidata
2971:Phodopus
2872:Cricetus
2770:Cansumys
2724:Family:
2720:Rodentia
2714:Mammalia
2708:Chordata
2706:Phylum:
2702:Animalia
2689:hamsters
2591:Rodentia
2579:Eutheria
2573:Mammalia
2567:Chordata
2565:Phylum:
2561:Animalia
2482:30147917
2326:Archived
2207:24603871
2159:PLOS ONE
1832:pp.33-37
1773:16483801
1652:Hamsters
1601:Wet-tail
1531:See also
1161:siblings
1114:Behavior
1063:incisors
1034:Phodopus
991:Phodopus
966:to hoard
955:hamstern
907:hamastra
899:loanword
846:Cricetus
834:Cricetus
755:Phodopus
743:Phodopus
735:Phodopus
720:12S rRNA
702:Neumann
675:Species
656:Species
647:Species
638:Species
632:Phodopus
618:Species
598:Species
589:Species
576:Species
567:Species
547:Species
542:Cricetus
528:Species
519:Species
510:Species
501:Species
484:Species
475:Species
459:C. canus
456:Species
451:Cansumys
437:Species
428:Species
407:Cricetus
390:lemmings
378:Muroidea
237:Hamsters
218:Cansumys
190:Cricetus
183:Phodopus
139:Family:
133:Rodentia
123:Mammalia
113:Chordata
109:Phylum:
103:Animalia
89:Domain:
2718:Order:
2712:Class:
2589:Order:
2571:Class:
2198:3946023
2167:Bibcode
1745:Bibcode
1590:Hamtaro
1334:⁄
1292:Weaning
1235:fertile
1127:Feeding
1090:range.
1052:⁄
961:Hamster
944:Avestan
931:khomyak
921:Russian
864:History
494:" and "
402:Miocene
398:Muridae
312:burrows
278:), the
252:species
241:rodents
166:Genera
129:Order:
119:Class:
47:Miocene
42:Hamster
3160:917323
3121:632545
2496:
2489:
2480:
2472:
2462:
2371:
2205:
2195:
2187:
2042:
1979:
1948:
1925:1 July
1896:
1871:29 May
1809:
1771:
1707:
1679:
1569:Gerbil
1563:Ebichu
1251:testes
1240:estrus
1153:stress
1069:Senses
1016:, the
940:staras
836:, and
812:) and
726:, and
704:et al.
667:Genus
629:Genus
609:Genus
584:Brandt
558:Genus
539:Genus
467:Genus
448:Genus
420:Genus
392:, and
365:. The
329:. The
256:genera
160:, 1817
67:, the
3173:91459
3147:10026
3066:Q6573
1733:(PDF)
925:хомяк
848:were
774:clade
764:group
737:group
716:genes
386:voles
301:than
3142:NCBI
3116:ITIS
2494:ISBN
2487:ISBN
2478:OCLC
2470:ISSN
2460:ISBN
2433:2022
2406:2022
2369:ISBN
2334:2009
2302:2019
2277:2018
2203:PMID
2185:ISSN
2124:2019
2099:2019
2074:2019
2040:ISBN
2013:2019
1977:ISBN
1946:ISBN
1927:2009
1894:ISBN
1873:2008
1807:ISBN
1769:PMID
1705:ISBN
1677:ISBN
1381:pets
1210:pika
1094:Diet
1077:and
844:and
788:and
780:and
351:The
239:are
3129:MSW
3108:JDY
3103:CoL
3090:ADW
2247:doi
2243:254
2193:PMC
2175:doi
1973:299
1761:hdl
1753:doi
1701:113
1596:Rat
1527:).
1466:in
1176:or
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
