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reprints and - crucially - 35% of net profits for overseas syndication, as well as provisions for further payments in the event of merchandising or adaptations for other media. While MacManus would later acknowledge the amounts involved were not "earth-shattering", it was a major step forward for the company. The same terms were also offered to the artists, and as a result
977:. However, Fleetway's printers rebelled at running the story, and the company's legal advisors suggested it could be considered obscene under UK law. Sanders' replacement as managing director, John Davidge, felt the story was "lacking in taste" and ordered it to be replaced. MacManus found the decision absurd, given that Maxwell's publishing empire included
501:" showed MacManus that the genre could be handled in an adult-orientated way by British creators. He began brainstorming an idea where in a future America (incorporating Britain as the 51st state for "local colour") had a government-sanctioned superhuman in each state. Wanting to promote upcoming talent he commissioned
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and many of those involved in the title in subsequent interviews. He would later blame its failure on a lack of sincerity behind some of the writing, feeling it was diluted by "fashionable bandwagoning", the introduction of
European reprints and what he perceived to be a change "into some sub-version
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were compiled for the
British book market, overseen by Mark Cox, with design work from Hughes and Cook. However, while the serialisation of "True Faith" had passed largely without comment, the collected edition drew mainstream condemnation and was withdrawn after two months on sale, reportedly on the
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imprint, with the first book in
January 2020 and the second in January 2021. Promoting the former, Rebellion editor Oliver Pickles felt the story's themes were as relevant as they had been on publication. He also suggested he would like to issue a collected version of "New Statesmen", but the large
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and Epic, and melded ideas from both with guidelines from the
Society of British Authors to come up with creator contracts for the title. These retained Fleetway's copyright on the material and a flat rate, but added an 8% royalty for sales beyond the title's break-even point, for collected edition
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Sales for the second issue fell to 50,000 - while a drop after the first issue was industry standard, this was more severe than expected. At the same time
Maxwell's underlings drastically cut back on the numbers of staff and general costs at Fleetway, with most of the staff moved to work-from-home
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at
Goldkind's suggestion (MacManus would later recall management weren't enthusiastic about the new title either), and Hughes was retasked to create the overall look of the exterior as well as the interior for "Third World War", while Cook would style the interior for "New Statesmen". Hughes used
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British comics generally drummed up publicity for a new title by including a free gift with early issues and prominent retailer displays in return for early issues being supplied on a sale or return basis until the title found its average circulation. Feeling it would go against the grain of the
745:, published by Deadline Publications Ltd and underwritten by Tom Astor. MacManus recalled there was some sentiment that the larger Fleetway were trying to steamroller a potential rival with corporate muscle, something he denies being a conscious choice. The press campaign saw the first issue of
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agreement. The company had long justified this stance by paying generous page rates in return to contributors signing away all ownership to their work - which allowed the company's material to be reprinted or syndicated overseas without royalty payments, while popular characters such as
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ran an article on the controversy on 19 January 1991, speculating that "no one would think twice about it" if the story was a novel, and felt that the furore was largely caused by the ongoing belief in the press that the comic medium was still exclusively aimed at children.
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While the precise definition of 'graphic novel' is subjective, it is often used in mainstream discourse to definite comics or collected editions aimed at an older readership; it has been criticised by some as an attempt by the comics industry to pander to more respectable
1078:, based on stories from case histories the pressure group had encountered. The idea was pitched to MacManus by Sarah Sellwood of 'public art service' Art and Society. Mills was hugely enthusiastic about the idea, which tied into his hopes for the format of
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contributed to "Third World War", while the former also contributed an epilogue to "New
Statesmen". However, Ezquerra had left the comic, and no permanent replacement was found to draw "Third World War", which went through many hands as a result. From
1110:, who feared it would have negative consequences for their fate until they read an advance copy. The issue also saw a price increase to £1, forced by falling sales - which also saw the abandonment of plans to produce issues in conjunction with the
485:. Initially little seemed to have changed, and MacManus continued work on the planned new title. Sanders had suggested a superhero angle to the stories to allow better marketability in the potentially lucrative American market, and the success of
828:". It was felt that running two long, complex serials concurrently had been intimidating to casual readers. After being contacted, Ennis not only produced a full script for the opening episode within two days but also suggested his friend
1000:'s "Angels Among Us" in place of "Sticky Fingers". It also saw a prelude to the planned second book of "New Statesmen", after which no more was heard about the story. The following issue saw the start of Ennis' second submission, "
808:. MacManus also decided to expand the contents to three stories, with the first 'book' of "New Statesmen" ended and the strip rested. MacManus and Goldkind went through submissions from readers and quickly hit on one submitted by
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were coming under increasing scrutiny - was aware of the issue's contents. Later mills would recall however that
Maxwell rebuffed complaints from the Jewish Board of Deputies about one story's depiction of the actions of
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as a political comic, something MacManus felt was only partly true but was happy to take in the name of publicity. The creators were sent on a cross-country signing tour, culminating in a prominent appearance at the 1988
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to reflect the split content), MacManus recruited
Goldkind from Titan. The latter acted as a sounding board for the proposed Mills strips, and their discussions on global corporations and brands led to Mills conceiving
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suffered from convoluted storylines and an "overly serious demeanour", relating that "right from the off it was clear the hip audience it was reaching out for didn't like the comic's preachy tone". In a 2011 piece for
798:", with the choral refrain of "Save the whale". It was only later he discovered the lyric was "Sail away", but his mistake wasn't picked up on. The relaunch would include information about placing it with the likes of
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repeatedly bucked sales trends and weathered the downturn in
British comic sales of the 1980s which had claimed many of IPC's titles, and was persuaded to stay on by editorial director John Sanders in order to hand
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MacManus proposed a new 32-page full colour fortnightly; each issue would contain two 14-page chapters of ongoing stories, with a flip cover to allow both to be displayed equally. An additional "From the makers of
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from 17 September 1988 to October 1991, initially fortnightly and later monthly. Designed to appeal to older readers than other Fleetway titles in order to take advantage of a boom in interest in 'adult' comics,
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stock like the company's weeklies, something both Mills and Hughes would later criticise. MacManus recalled the early response as polarised - "those that liked it loved it, and those that didn't ridiculed it."
1133:", which the author intended to be much more light-hearted; as such it was based on the supporting characters Dougie and Ivor from "Troubled Souls". Some years later Ennis would revisit the pair again for
208:, the comic was not a sales success and – despite periodic attempts at revamps – was cancelled after 63 issues. However, it did feature early work by a number of notable British comics creators, including
441:. With that done, MacManus was then to take a lengthy working holiday to America in March 1987, to see how IPC could launch a title to take advantage of the public interest in adult-orientated comics.
1385:". He also felt the comic lacked a unifying theme beyond "let's be trendy" and took aim at MacManus by stating "There're only a few people who can actually create successful comics. The editor of
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Before MacManus left for America in 1987, there were rumours that the IPC Youth Group was up for sale as the parent company looked to divest itself of comics, and that the controversial tycoon
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would "denounce you as a 'counter revolutionary running dog lackey of the evil global capitalist military industrial complex' if you didn't instantly agree to join it on the barricades."
1414:, with a promising start derailed by an inconsistent line-up, inexperienced creators, the impact of declining sales on providing consistent quality and behind-the-scenes infighting.
689:; Mills later felt this flew in the face of the comic's contents. The event was a success however, as the publication of the first issue (dated 17 September 1988) gained coverage in
1232:- was contracting rapidly, with the titles fighting among themselves over a dwindling readership. Over the course of the first two monthly issues, MacManus handed the editorship of
1308:. His business empire collapsed rapidly afterwards, due to the calling in of massive loans and misuse of company pension fund assets, with Fleetway being sold to Danish publishers
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as a negative comparison his aim for the strip; nevertheless shortly afterwards they and Yeowell accepted an offer for the strip to be printed in the Fleetway title. Serialised in
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458:. Each month's output would then be licensed to an American publisher, combined into a 28-page American-format comic and exported. While the cover price of 65p was twice that of
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The change in format was also influenced by the lack of the hoped-for American distributor interest. Marvel and DC had both passed, and instead the reprints would be handled by
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sell an impressive 80,000 copies. However, despite the expensive launch and attempt at better production values (including all-colour artwork) the comic was still printed on
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as "putting style above substance, cool above inner beliefs. Maybe that works for some American comic readers, but I think Brits are rather more demanding. We need truth."
462:, it would match that comic's monthly costs and was also the same as that of imported American titles, which were gaining greater traction in the UK through outlets like
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for the company, for which he received little recompense beyond the initial payments. Mills became particularly disillusioned following the treatment of his acclaimed
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staff objected to the use of Nazi imagery for shock value, and the dispute was leaked to the tabloid press, who reacted in their usual sensationalist fashion. The
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More behind-the-scenes disruption came when Sanders, tiring of Maxwell's unpredictability, left Fleetway.MacManus was given the new title of group editor of the
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experience from working in the music industry to ensure the various promotional materials and the comic itself were kept under the same "stylistic umbrella".
667:" with Alan Moore) would draw "New Statesmen". MacManus recalled that the pair were the first choices of both writers; however, Mills has stated he wanted
542:, who was among those leading demands for better treatment of British comics creators. He had been working for IPC for most of the 1970s, first of all on
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971:#28. Hugely enthusiastic about the story, MacManus described it as being "at the cutting edge of British comics" in the pages of British comics magazine
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material, with the enterprise being given a promotional budget of $ 40,000. The low production values of many reprints was criticised in some quarters.
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serialisation was ended after three four-page episodes had been published, with the short-lived magazine folding. In a statement inadvertently given to
299:, despite the title's growing maturity. While comics aimed at older readers existed in Britain they were either underground small-press titles like the
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1082:. The issue was the first to be distributed directly to the American market, rather than only as an import. Mills and Goldnick hosted a panel at the
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title's intended older audience, MacManus eschewed the free gift while Goldkind worked on a publicity campaign, including a launch at a bar in
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half. However, management felt the title was not "sales friendly" and furthermore were concerned that the split format would cause concern for
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from Egmont in 2001, and the other Fleetway Publications they still owned in 2016, including the publisher-owned portions of the rights to
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770:' sales had evened out at 30,000 per issue, and MacManus found himself having to defend what management felt was an underperformance.
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as a co-writer on "Third World War", wanting his perspective as a black man to ensure the story rang true, while Ennis began sequel "
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via the new Fleetway Quality imprint. "New Statesmen" and "Third World War" were planned as mini-series alongside titles based on
375:- IPC didn't even attribute the work of its creators. The growth of the comics industry fandom with specialised publications like
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quantities of the older edition available on the secondary market meant a new version wasn't in the company's immediate plans.
947:, who had spent most of the eighties maintaining an unlikely balance between experimental creator-owned work such as anthology
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Berridge, Ed (14 October 2008). "Four-Colour Classics: There's a Riot Goin' On - The Story of British Adult Comics Part Two".
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was cancelled after #63 (cover-dated October 1991); a month later Maxwell died after falling off of his luxury yacht off the
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and one of the most dominant comics publishers in the UK, operated a model whereby creators signed away their rights under a
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Berridge, Ed (11 November 2018). "Four-Colour Classics: Too Much Too Young - The Story of British Adult Comics Part Three".
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failed to pick up, and from #50 the title switched to monthly publication. The market for adult comics - which included
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1296:' decline took place among increasing press scrutiny into Maxwell's business practices, particularly over his links to
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Berridge, Ed (17 September 2008). "Four-Colour Classics: Pop Goes Art! - The Story of British Adult Comics Part One".
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In his new role as Group Editor, MacManus also explored the idea of producing monthly ongoing supplementary titles to
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887:#21 the comic introduced a one-off slot that would see contributions from numerous up-and-coming creators including
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freelancers to reduce costs. MacManus was retained as a permanent employee, with the full-time staff relocated from
289:- together with the high profile of many of the creators involved in what was referred to in the comics industry as
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He was later rehired as an editorial consultant, but would have no more to do with the day-to-day comics operation
1300:, misappropriation of company pension funds, and defaults on loan payments. As costs were cut across the company,
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followed the same model and also did not credit creative staff for the most part; major American publishers like
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was weighing a bid. When he returned, MacManus found this had gone ahead; the IPC Youth Group had been renamed
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were both were tactfully non-committal about whether the choleric Maxwell - whose close links to the likes of
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570:"; the writer requested a research budget for the strip's planned second arc, which would move the story to
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293:- seemed to point to a potential audience of older British comic readers that were not being catered for by
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1145:". The story, created by the "Zenith" team of Morrison and Yeowell, had been created for Scottish magazine
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with children's titles, MacManus was able to negotiate a £20,000 budget for a relaunch of the title with
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had received critical acclaim from comics readers but failed to break through to wider success. However,
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Hasted, Nick (August 1990). "Marshal Law, Third World War & Other Realities - Pat Mills Interview".
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2332:"Rebellion Buys Fleetway Archive - Roy Of The Rovers, Oink, Tammy, Battle, Whizzer And Chips And More"
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authorities, despite himself being of Jewish extraction. Copies of the issue scheduled for export to
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would later claim MacManus boasted he planned to break the "stranglehold" Grant and writing partner
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also generally used work for hire, though the American industry generally did credit contributors.
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that replicated the commercial success and critical attention the titles had received in America.
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had caught MacManus' eye. Issue 28 also included a one-off strip by Phillip Swarbrick, an exiled
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featured overtly political and complex stories; one issue was even produced in conjunction with
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tried to find a profitable format. The comic's circulation had fallen to 20,000 by this stage
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911:. However, the influx of so many inexperienced creators would cause some scheduling problems.
985:. Ennis would later feel the "Skin" controversy led to an "atmosphere of nervous caution" at
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in 1979 had turned into a decade-long residency. MacManus had been instrumental in ensuring
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relaunch stabilised sales, and MacManus continued to incorporate new talent to the comic -
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from #56; the merge brought the conclusion of Morrison and Hughes' revisionist "Dare" and
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574:. This was refused, and Mills quit the strip in protest; IPC simply assigned staff writer
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to continue the story, and the work-for-hire contract gave Mills no capacity to object.
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was receiving good notices for aligning itself with the British alternative rock scene.
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MacManus' research in America also saw him get hold of copies of contracts offered by
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Sales continued to drop and the reprints were unpopular with the remaining readers.
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Rigby, Regie. "Fool Britannia: 'These I Have Loved - Part Three: Six Shooting!'",
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first, but the artist objected to some of Eve's actions and turned the strip down.
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405:, who allowed authors and artists to retain rights to their creations - as well as
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with an emphasis on bad taste. Ironically its life was much the same as that of
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story "Happenstance and Kismet" but few extra readers. To boost profitability,
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Stock, Karl (15 January 2020). "New Books: Third World War - A Wider World".
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Thrill-Power Overload: 2000 AD - the First Forty Years: Revised and Expanded
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1187:#46-49, "The New Adventures of Hitler" ran in the comic without incident.
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quit the title, citing burnout after an initial temporary stint replacing
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1792:"The Term 'Graphic Novel' Has Had A Good Run. We Don't Need It Anymore"
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1004:", an acerbic assault on organised religion; he was paired with artist
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A name previously used by the forerunner of IPC between 1959 and 1969
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were also opposed by solicitors representing condemned prisoners in
602:- who had a strong record, having produced successful redesigns for
277:. Coverage in national newspapers and influential magazines such as
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was able to land renowned artists for both strips. The experienced
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meanwhile lasted just seven issues before being incorporated into
1074:#39 (dated 3 March 1990) was produced in conjunction with charity
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as artist; a deal was rapidly struck. The other new selected was "
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began printing European stories in a bid to cut costs, including
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threw a greater spotlight on the poor treatment of the likes of
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594:, who mixed agency work with small-press comics, to design the
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in newsagent trade publications, copies being inserted in the
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For the second story, MacManus reached out to the experienced
273:') were a credible form of entertainment on both sides of the
626:, which still made up the primary market for British comics.
397:, leading to a rise in 'independent' comic companies such as
2408:(21 August 2007). "Comic Auteurs: Pat Mills - The Guv'nor".
840:, about a contemporary Camden shoplifter turned carpenter.
963:, "Skin" was an uncompromising look at the life of a young
202:
Despite being branded under the umbrella of the successful
1008:, whose work the self-published (along with brother Gary)
996:#28 - which also saw a price increase to 75p - introduced
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for a period. Morrison used this as a device to satirise
1361:, Regie Rigby echoed many of the same concerns, feeling
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and the latter's ancillary titles such as reprint title
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After research revealed most newsagents were displaying
651:, who had worked for IPC for a decade (most notably on "
367:
were entirely owned by the publisher. Until 1977 - when
2365:
TV Cream: The Ultimate Guide to 70s and 80s Pop Culture
1236:
over to Michael Bennent, who commissioned new stories "
41:#1 (dated 17 September 1988) featuring Eve Collins of "
2109:"Newsdesk - Fleetway forms new imprint with Quality".
1763:, a character from "Third World War", in the pages of
1447:(6 issue mini-series, September 1990 to February 1991)
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in 1991, largely designed in response to the likes of
786:#13. He would later recall he convinced management of
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An advertisement for the cancelled serialisation of "
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269:(or as mainstream press outlets often called them, '
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346:The success also added to the growing discourse on
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4645:Biweekly magazines published in the United Kingdom
1240:" (by John Smith and Sean Phillips, #50 to #53), "
4650:Monthly magazines published in the United Kingdom
4584:List of D. C. Thomson & Co. Ltd publications
4579:List of AP, Fleetway and IPC Comics publications
1396:Together with Wagner, Grant, Kevin O'Neill and
2493:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1924:
967:with a birth defect, and was set to begin in
951:with IPC freelance scripts for stories like "
82:#1 to #49 (17 September 1988 to 21 July 1989)
8:
1389:was not amongst them." In 2021 he described
2210:"Strip Search - Comics in the Real World".
2130:"Warrior Rising: The Return of Dez Skinn".
1893:
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1577:For a Few Troubles More - A Crisis Accident
1348:Ultimate Guide To 70's and 80's Pop Culture
88:#50 to #63 (September 1990 to October 1991)
3278:The Astounding Adventures of Charlie Peace
2500:
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1658:Third World War Book Two: Back to Babylon
1157:that the future Nazi leader had lived in
2350:"Classic British Comics: Who Owns What?"
2002:
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1990:
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1984:
1904:The Mighty One: Life in the Nerve Centre
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1523:Troubled Souls - A Crisis Graphic Novel
1424:List of Crisis (British comics) stories
655:") signed on for "Third World War" and
596:2000 AD Presents 50/50: Third World War
581:To help work on the title (to be named
1198:Despite the press attention, sales of
1141:#46 saw another controversial strip, "
505:, who at 20 already had experience on
1400:, Mills devised the similarly-themed
620:2000 AD Presents 50/50: New Statesman
7:
790:' topical nature by pointing to the
1451:Crisis Presents the Xpresso Special
1376:has frequently been scathing about
1125:The following issue saw Mills pick
718:United Kingdom Comic Art Convention
3320:Bible John - A Forensic Meditation
1964:British Comics: A Cultural History
1935:Bishop, David (14 February 2017).
1804:from the original on 16 April 2019
1250:Bible John - A Forensic Meditation
739:were priming the similarly-themed
454:" graphic was to be placed in the
265:had greatly boosted the view that
14:
1967:. Reaktion Books. December 2011.
483:Maxwell Communication Corporation
307:or humour titles like the famous
4640:Magazines disestablished in 1991
3691:Hot Shot Hamish and Mighty Mouse
1067:Amnesty International and Hitler
31:
2394:Archived at the Wayback Machine
1149:and was based on the claims of
523:") to write what would become "
4605:Fleetway and IPC Comics titles
1226:, and John Brown Publishing's
1084:Institute for Contemporary Art
120:
1:
4635:Magazines established in 1988
2473:at the Barney comics database
868:The Best of 2000 A.D. Monthly
371:was able to get credits into
3941:The New Adventures of Hitler
3829:The Leopard from Lime Street
3229:The 10,000 Disasters of Dort
1143:The New Adventures of Hitler
1051:comic. Several stories from
1048:Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles
870:, specials and annuals. The
3614:Fiends of the Eastern Front
1439:(5 issue mini-series, 1989)
1116:Campaign Against Arms Trade
1056:orders of Maxwell himself.
1016:writer who had written for
348:creator ownership in comics
4676:
4574:Treasury of British Comics
1759:Mills would later revisit
1679:#15-24, #26-27 and #30-34
1493:The Complete New Statesmen
1421:
1332:Treasury of British Comics
3649:Gadgetman and Gimmick-Kid
3285:The Astounding Jason Hyde
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1179:newspaper, Morrison used
546:before devising weeklies
509:'s science fiction title
30:
4284:Watch Out Beagle's About
3733:Ivor Lott and Tony Broke
3411:The Bumpkin Billionaires
3299:The Ballad of Halo Jones
2587:Post-War humorous comics
1631:Third World War Book One
598:half of the flip comic;
241:The breakout success of
175:2000 AD Presents: Crisis
3677:Hellman of Hammer Force
3642:For a Few Troubles More
3621:Fight for the Falklands
2529:Pre-War humorous comics
2444:: CJ & Publication.
2436:Holland, Steve (2002).
2252:"Hitler Joins Crisis".
1131:For a Few Troubles More
939:MacManus commissioned "
794:'s UK number 1 single "
535:had on British comics.
527:". Stalwart IPC writer
337:The Dark Knight Returns
262:The Dark Knight Returns
59:Publication information
4655:Science fiction comics
4630:Defunct British comics
4509:Francisco Solano López
3712:The Indestructible Man
3271:Anderson, Psi-Division
2521:Rebellion Developments
2438:The Fleetway Companion
2416:Rebellion Developments
2304:"The pensioners' tale"
2290:Rebellion Developments
2096:Rebellion Developments
2045:Rebellion Developments
1838:Rebellion Developments
1316:Rebellion Developments
979:pornographic magazines
936:
858:Group - consisting of
836:" by Myra Hancock and
291:the 'British Invasion'
4660:British comics titles
4620:Comics about politics
4186:Tharg's Future Shocks
3236:The 12½p Buytonic Boy
2771:Battle Picture Weekly
2465:Grand Comics Database
2260:John Brown Publishing
2218:John Brown Publishing
2138:John Brown Publishing
1587:Fleetway Publications
1560:Fleetway Publications
1533:Fleetway Publications
1076:Amnesty International
922:
549:Battle Picture Weekly
479:Fleetway Publications
327:had produced British
197:Amnesty International
188:Fleetway Publications
70:Fleetway Publications
4334:Massimo Belardinelli
4200:The Thirteenth Floor
3705:The House of Dolmann
2869:Judge Dredd Megazine
2411:Judge Dredd Megazine
2285:Judge Dredd Megazine
2165:"UK News - Crisis".
2091:Judge Dredd Megazine
2040:Judge Dredd Megazine
1901:(7 September 2016).
1833:Judge Dredd Megazine
1790:(17 November 2016).
1668:Rebellion Publishing
1641:Rebellion Publishing
1457:Crisis Presents the
1324:Judge Dredd Megazine
1036:Judge Dredd Megazine
698:The Jewish Chronicle
481:and was now part of
4615:1991 comics endings
3934:Nemesis the Warlock
3843:Look Out for Lefty!
3698:The House of Daemon
3460:Clash of the Guards
3348:Birdman and Chicken
3029:War Picture Library
2239:Fantagraphics Books
2197:Fantagraphics Books
2066:Fantagraphics Books
1800:. Washington, D.C.
1248:, #54 to #59) and "
675:Publication history
611:Doctor Who Magazine
409:establishing their
111:1988 – October
4625:Comics anthologies
4610:1988 comics debuts
4172:Terror of the Cats
3997:Really & Truly
3983:The Phantom Viking
3850:Luck of the Legion
3593:End of the Line...
3292:Baker's Half-Dozen
1598:#40-43 and #45-46
1544:#15-20 and #22-27
1468:Collected editions
1453:(2 editions, 1991)
959:". Illustrated by
937:
927:" in the pages of
760:King's Reach Tower
614:and most recently
378:The Comics Journal
4592:
4591:
4249:The Trigan Empire
4207:Thunderbolt Jaxon
4053:Roy of the Rovers
4025:The Robo Machines
3495:D.R. & Quinch
3432:Captain Hurricane
3264:The Amazing Three
3196:Pre-school comics
2916:Roy of the Rovers
2672:Whizzer and Chips
2558:Illustrated Chips
2509:Amalgamated Press
2418:. pp. 16–22.
2352:. 4 October 2018.
2338:. 25 August 2016.
2175:. September 1989.
2119:. September 1989.
1907:. 2000 AD Books.
1708:IPC's main rival
1683:
1682:
1463:(1 edition, 1991)
1244:" (by Millar and
1153:'s sister-in-law
1092:Nicolae Ceaușescu
1033:, in the form of
723:At the same time
165:
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83:
4667:
4519:Barrie Tomlinson
4454:Leonard Matthews
4399:Gerry Finley-Day
4369:Mike Butterworth
4179:Tharg the Mighty
4081:The Silent Three
3927:Mytek the Mighty
3920:Mustapha Million
3565:The Dracula File
3474:Computer Warrior
3404:The Bootneck Boy
3355:The Black Archer
3243:Ace Trucking Co.
2744:Adventure comics
2665:Shiver and Shake
2502:
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2414:. No. 261.
2406:Molcher, Michael
2402:
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2336:bleedingcool.com
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2199:. February 1991.
2195:. No. 188.
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961:Brendan McCarthy
933:Brendan McCarthy
822:Northern Ireland
766:. By this point
464:Forbidden Planet
313:; attempts like
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4464:Trevor Metcalfe
4394:Carlos Ezquerra
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4193:Third World War
4151:The Suicide Six
4088:Sinister Dexter
3955:The Nightcomers
3796:Karl the Viking
3740:Jack o' Justice
3663:Grimly Feendish
3530:Death Game 1999
3306:Battler Britton
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2977:Thriller Comics
2937:Sonic the Comic
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2368:. Ebury. 2005.
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1672:5 January 2021
1645:9 January 2020
1470:
1461:Romance Special
1444:Third World War
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1371:
1358:Comics Bulletin
1341:
1290:
1280:collaboration "
1266:Steve Parkhouse
1196:
1155:Bridget Dowling
1069:
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727:was launching,
682:
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649:Carlos Ezquerra
588:Third World War
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395:Steve Englehart
329:trade paperback
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172:(also known as
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1513:Material from
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945:Peter Milligan
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880:Duncan Fegredo
834:Sticky Fingers
826:Troubled Souls
812:-based writer
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762:to offices in
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678:
676:
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487:Grant Morrison
475:Robert Maxwell
446:
443:
439:Richard Burton
437:to new editor
426:Kelvin Gosnell
422:Steve MacManus
271:graphic novels
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4424:Yvonne Hutton
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4414:Scott Goodall
4412:
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4407:
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4400:
4397:
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4379:Joe Colquhoun
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4374:Geoff Campion
4372:
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4360:
4357:
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4349:Eric Bradbury
4347:
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4344:Brian Bolland
4342:
4340:
4337:
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4332:
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4329:Leo Baxendale
4327:
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4322:Notable staff
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4144:Strontium Dog
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4046:Rogue Trooper
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4019:
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4004:Richie Wraggs
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3976:One-Eyed Jack
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3962:Nikolai Dante
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3802:Kid Chameleon
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3789:Junior Rotter
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3481:Cursitor Doom
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3453:Charley's War
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3390:Bobby's Ghoul
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3341:Billy's Boots
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3329:
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3313:Bessie Bunter
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3153:School Friend
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3127:Princess Tina
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3047:Girls' comics
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2970:Supernaturals
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2602:Cheeky Weekly
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2266:
2262:. March 1990.
2261:
2257:
2256:
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2245:
2241:. March 1990.
2240:
2236:
2235:
2227:
2224:
2220:. March 1990.
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2185:
2183:
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2174:
2170:
2169:
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2140:. March 1990.
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1699:demographics.
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1498:9781853862175
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1484:Release date
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1436:New Statesmen
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1282:Trip to Tulum
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1128:
1127:Alan Mitchell
1123:
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1102:
1098:
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1089:
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1081:
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1059:The Economist
1054:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1020:
1019:New Statesman
1015:
1014:South African
1011:
1007:
1006:Warren Pleece
1003:
999:
995:
990:
988:
984:
980:
976:
975:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
934:
930:
926:
921:
915:Controversies
914:
912:
910:
909:Peter Doherty
906:
905:Phil Winslade
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
881:
877:
876:Sean Phillips
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
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839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
816:, set around
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692:The Economist
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670:
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662:
658:
654:
653:Strontium Dog
650:
646:
641:
636:
633:
630:was retitled
629:
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621:
617:
613:
612:
607:
606:
601:
597:
593:
589:
584:
579:
577:
576:Scott Goodall
573:
569:
568:Charley's War
565:
561:
557:
556:
551:
550:
545:
544:girls' comics
541:
536:
534:
530:
526:
525:New Statesmen
522:
518:
514:
513:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
491:Steve Yeowell
488:
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408:
407:Marvel Comics
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
379:
374:
370:
369:Kevin O'Neill
366:
361:
360:work for hire
357:
353:
352:IPC Magazines
349:
344:
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334:
330:
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325:Igor Goldkind
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186:published by
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131:Creative team
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40:
37:The cover of
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
16:British comic
4566:
4554:
4539:Mike Western
4534:Keith Watson
4514:Lew Stringer
4504:Jerry Siegel
4479:Robert Nixon
4459:Mike McMahon
4439:Don Lawrence
4404:Dave Gibbons
4339:Jesús Blasco
4310:
4303:
4296:
4289:
4282:
4277:The Vigilant
4275:
4268:
4261:
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4247:
4242:Tricky Dicky
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4067:Sexton Blake
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4060:School Belle
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4032:Robot Archie
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3918:
3911:
3904:
3897:
3892:Memory Banks
3890:
3883:
3876:
3869:
3862:
3855:
3848:
3841:
3834:
3827:
3820:
3815:Kitten Magee
3813:
3806:
3801:
3794:
3787:
3780:
3773:
3766:
3759:
3752:
3745:
3738:
3731:
3724:
3717:
3710:
3703:
3696:
3689:
3682:
3675:
3668:
3661:
3654:
3647:
3640:
3633:
3626:
3619:
3612:
3605:
3598:
3591:
3584:
3577:
3570:
3563:
3556:
3549:
3542:
3535:
3528:
3523:Darkie's Mob
3521:
3514:
3507:
3500:
3493:
3488:D-Day Dawson
3486:
3479:
3472:
3467:Cliff Hanger
3465:
3458:
3451:
3444:
3439:The Cat Girl
3437:
3430:
3423:
3416:
3409:
3402:
3395:
3388:
3381:
3374:
3367:
3360:
3353:
3346:
3339:
3334:Billy Bunter
3332:
3325:
3318:
3311:
3304:
3297:
3290:
3283:
3276:
3269:
3262:
3255:
3250:Action Force
3248:
3241:
3234:
3227:
3221:Comic strips
3209:
3202:
3184:
3177:
3170:
3163:
3151:
3144:
3137:
3125:
3113:
3106:
3099:
3092:
3080:
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3054:
3034:
3027:
3020:
3008:
3001:
2989:
2982:
2975:
2968:
2956:
2949:
2942:
2935:
2928:
2921:
2914:
2907:
2900:
2893:
2886:
2874:
2867:
2860:
2853:
2846:
2834:
2826:
2819:
2808:
2807:
2795:
2790:The Champion
2788:
2781:
2769:
2757:
2750:
2732:
2725:
2718:
2711:
2704:
2697:Power Comics
2684:
2677:
2670:
2663:
2656:
2649:
2642:
2635:
2628:
2621:
2614:
2607:
2600:
2593:
2575:
2563:
2556:
2551:Funny Wonder
2549:
2542:
2535:
2470:
2459:
2437:
2409:
2400:
2389:
2384:
2364:
2358:
2344:
2335:
2326:
2314:. Retrieved
2307:
2298:
2283:
2253:
2247:
2232:
2231:"Newsline".
2226:
2211:
2205:
2190:
2189:"Newsline".
2166:
2160:
2146:
2131:
2125:
2110:
2104:
2089:
2059:
2053:
2038:
1963:
1957:
1937:
1903:
1831:
1806:. Retrieved
1795:
1788:Weldon, Glen
1782:
1764:
1755:
1746:
1738:
1734:
1725:
1704:
1694:
1676:
1657:
1649:
1630:
1622:
1603:
1595:
1576:
1568:
1549:
1541:
1522:
1514:
1492:
1456:
1450:
1442:
1434:
1411:
1407:
1401:
1398:Mike McMahon
1395:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1362:
1356:
1351:
1347:
1342:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1314:
1301:
1293:
1291:
1288:Cancellation
1269:
1257:
1253:
1233:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1197:
1192:
1191:Merger with
1184:
1180:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1151:Adolf Hitler
1146:
1138:
1134:
1124:
1119:
1104:South Africa
1079:
1071:
1070:
1057:
1052:
1046:
1040:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1024:
1017:
1009:
993:
991:
986:
972:
968:
953:Action Force
949:Strange Days
948:
938:
928:
884:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
853:
848:
842:
824:and titled "
818:the Troubles
803:
799:
796:Orinoco Flow
787:
783:
779:
777:
767:
756:
746:
740:
737:Steve Dillon
728:
724:
722:
712:
708:
704:The Scotsman
702:
696:
690:
687:North London
683:
660:
644:
637:
631:
627:
619:
615:
609:
603:
595:
582:
580:
572:World War II
563:
559:
553:
547:
537:
519:(including "
516:
510:
494:
472:
459:
451:
448:
434:
429:
417:
415:
383:Jerry Siegel
376:
372:
355:
354:, owners of
345:
341:Titan Comics
336:
332:
331:editions of
318:
308:
305:Street Comix
304:
301:Hunt Emerson
294:
284:
278:
260:
257:Frank Miller
250:
247:Dave Gibbons
240:
203:
201:
192:
174:
173:
168:
167:
166:
107:17 September
49:, design by
38:
24:
18:
4529:John Wagner
4444:Brian Lewis
4429:Ian Kennedy
4384:John Cooper
4305:X-Ray Specs
4270:Turbo Jones
4165:Sweet Tooth
4074:Sid's Snake
3878:Master Mind
3782:Judge Dredd
3537:Death Squad
3418:Buster Capp
3257:Adam Eterno
2783:Boys' World
2637:Monster Fun
1278:Milo Manara
1163:Thatcherism
998:Philip Bond
901:Peter Hogan
897:Glenn Fabry
889:Mark Millar
830:John McCrea
814:Garth Ennis
733:Brett Ewins
600:Steven Cook
592:Rian Hughes
533:John Wagner
521:Tyranny Rex
468:comic shops
445:Development
416:Meanwhile,
411:Epic Comics
387:Joe Shuster
365:Judge Dredd
267:comic books
218:Mark Millar
214:John McCrea
210:Garth Ennis
154:(1989–1991)
79:Fortnightly
51:Rian Hughes
4599:Categories
4489:José Ortiz
4419:Alan Grant
4409:Ian Gibson
4359:Sid Burgon
4263:True Faith
4214:Time Flies
4137:Store Wars
4116:The Spider
4039:Rogan Gosh
4011:Ro-Busters
3899:El Mestizo
3864:Major Eazy
3857:M.A.C.H. 1
3822:Lazy Bones
3768:Johnny Red
3579:Durham Red
3544:Death Wish
3509:Danny Doom
3376:Black Hawk
3362:Black Beth
2658:School Fun
2537:Comic Cuts
2173:Acme Press
2117:Acme Press
1774:References
1710:DC Thomson
1604:True Faith
1550:True Faith
1481:Publisher
1318:purchased
1262:Paul Neary
1246:Paul Grist
1238:Straitgate
1002:True Faith
893:Si Spencer
838:David Hine
669:Ian Gibson
657:Jim Baikie
624:newsagents
618:- for the
529:Alan Grant
512:Starblazer
507:DC Thomson
503:John Smith
466:and other
391:Jack Kirby
243:Alan Moore
237:Background
226:John Smith
136:Created by
45:". Art by
4524:Tom Tully
4469:Pat Mills
4389:Ted Cowan
4095:Skid Kidd
4018:Rob Riley
3906:Mind Wars
3885:Mazeworld
3761:Joe Alien
3747:Jane Bond
3719:Invasion!
3656:Goldtiger
3586:The Dwarf
3383:Bloodfang
3369:Black Max
3186:Valentine
2848:Hurricane
2797:The Comet
2727:Fantastic
2577:Radio Fun
2442:Rotherham
2255:Speakeasy
2213:Speakeasy
2168:Speakeasy
2133:Speakeasy
2112:Speakeasy
1718:DC Comics
1487:Contents
1429:Spin-offs
1374:Pat Mills
1339:Reception
1216:Marvel UK
1165:but some
1159:Liverpool
1112:Ark Trust
1101:Apartheid
1090:dictator
974:Speakeasy
931:. Art by
845:Dez Skinn
751:newsprint
640:DC Comics
605:Starburst
540:Pat Mills
413:imprint.
315:Dez Skinn
184:anthology
146:Editor(s)
123:of issues
65:Publisher
4548:See also
4499:Ken Reid
4434:Tom Kerr
4364:Reg Bunn
4221:Tom Thug
3990:Rat Pack
3969:Odd Ball
3684:Hook Jaw
3607:Faceache
3558:Doomlord
3502:Dan Dare
3397:Bookworm
3327:Big Dave
3211:Playhour
3165:Serenade
3115:Princess
2951:Starlord
2923:Scorcher
2909:Revolver
2895:M.A.S.K.
2734:Terrific
2679:Whoopee!
2623:Knockout
2565:Knockout
2544:Film Fun
2513:Fleetway
2392:(2011).
2309:BBC News
1808:16 April
1802:Archived
1739:Deadline
1625:#29-38.
1571:#29-38.
1503:Fleetway
1459:Revolver
1383:Deadline
1344:TV Cream
1254:Revolver
1242:Insiders
1224:Meltdown
1212:Deadline
1208:Revolver
1193:Revolver
1108:Upington
1088:Romanian
1042:Revolver
1010:Velocity
992:Instead
965:skinhead
957:M.A.S.K.
774:Relaunch
742:Deadline
661:2000 AD'
456:masthead
333:Watchmen
303:-edited
286:Time Out
280:The Face
275:Atlantic
252:Watchmen
232:Creation
178:) was a
76:Schedule
3913:Monster
3635:Fishboy
3572:Dredger
3158:stories
3132:stories
3120:stories
3094:Marilyn
3087:stories
3068:stories
3036:Wildcat
3015:stories
3010:Valiant
3003:Tornado
2996:stories
2984:Thunder
2963:stories
2930:Scream!
2881:stories
2841:stories
2821:Diceman
2814:stories
2802:stories
2776:stories
2764:stories
2752:2000 AD
2616:Jackpot
2570:stories
2463:at the
2316:18 June
1765:2000 AD
1506:Quality
1418:Stories
1320:2000 AD
1176:The Sun
1097:Israeli
1027:2000 AD
955:" and "
864:2000 AD
856:2000 AD
849:2000 AD
810:Belfast
731:alumni
729:2000 AD
709:Timeout
616:2000 AD
566:story "
560:2000 AD
517:2000 AD
497:strip "
495:2000 AD
460:2000 AD
452:2000 AD
435:2000 AD
430:2000 AD
420:editor
418:2000 AD
403:Eclipse
399:Pacific
373:2000 AD
356:2000 AD
320:Warrior
296:2000 AD
205:2000 AD
180:British
85:Monthly
4568:Toxic!
4562:Egmont
4556:Albion
4312:Zenith
4291:Whacky
4228:Tomboy
4109:Sláine
3446:Chalky
3146:Sandie
3108:Poppet
3022:Vulcan
2902:Ranger
2809:Crisis
2759:Action
2713:Smash!
2644:Nipper
2595:Buster
2523:comics
2471:Crisis
2460:Crisis
2372:
2152:"Skin"
1971:
1945:
1911:
1714:Marvel
1677:Crisis
1652:#1-14
1650:Crisis
1623:Crisis
1596:Crisis
1569:Crisis
1542:Crisis
1515:Crisis
1475:Title
1412:Crisis
1408:Crisis
1403:Toxic!
1391:Crisis
1387:Crisis
1378:Crisis
1369:Legacy
1363:Crisis
1352:Crisis
1328:Crisis
1310:Egmont
1302:Crisis
1298:Mossad
1294:Crisis
1270:Crisis
1258:Crisis
1234:Crisis
1229:Blast!
1204:Crisis
1200:Crisis
1185:Crisis
1181:Crisis
1139:Crisis
1120:Crisis
1080:Crisis
1072:Crisis
1053:Crisis
1031:Crisis
994:Crisis
987:Crisis
983:Tundra
969:Crisis
929:Crisis
885:Crisis
872:Crisis
860:Crisis
788:Crisis
784:Crisis
780:Crisis
768:Crisis
764:Camden
747:Crisis
725:Crisis
713:Crisis
680:Launch
645:Crisis
632:Crisis
564:Battle
555:Action
499:Zenith
193:Crisis
182:comic
169:Crisis
160:(1991)
113:
109:
94:Format
39:Crisis
25:Crisis
4102:Skizz
3871:Manix
3836:Loner
3775:Joker
3600:Ernie
3551:Defoe
3172:Tammy
3101:Misty
3075:Jinty
2991:Tiger
2944:Speed
2835:Eagle
2828:Eagle
2706:Wham!
2651:Oink!
2630:Krazy
2609:Cor!!
1686:Notes
1618:1997
1591:1991
1564:1990
1537:1990
1478:ISBN
1350:felt
1220:Strip
1135:Dicks
943:" by
665:Skizz
628:50/50
583:50/50
3628:Finn
3516:Dare
3179:Tina
3139:Roxy
3082:June
3056:Girl
2876:Lion
2720:Pow!
2686:Wow!
2370:ISBN
2318:2022
1969:ISBN
1943:ISBN
1909:ISBN
1810:2019
1761:Finn
1716:and
1322:and
1312:.
1222:and
1114:and
1039:and
1029:and
941:Skin
925:Skin
907:and
878:and
792:Enya
735:and
707:and
558:and
515:and
489:and
401:and
393:and
339:for
335:and
283:and
255:and
245:and
224:and
115:1991
2958:Sun
2862:Jet
2855:Jag
2517:IPC
1797:NPR
1381:of
1346:'s
1284:".
1218:'s
1171:Cut
1167:Cut
1147:Cut
1118:as
820:in
805:NME
800:Viz
720:.
663:s "
493:'s
317:'s
310:Viz
259:'s
199:.
121:No.
4601::
2519:/
2515:/
2511:/
2440:.
2424:^
2334:.
2306:.
2268:^
2181:^
2074:^
1983:^
1941:.
1923:^
1846:^
1818:^
1794:.
1214:,
1210:,
1206:,
1137:.
989:.
903:,
899:,
895:,
891:,
862:,
701:,
695:,
608:,
552:,
470:.
389:,
385:,
350:.
249:'
228:.
220:,
216:,
212:,
126:63
3160:)
3156:(
3134:)
3130:(
3122:)
3118:(
3089:)
3085:(
3070:)
3066:(
3017:)
3013:(
2998:)
2994:(
2965:)
2961:(
2883:)
2879:(
2843:)
2839:(
2816:)
2812:(
2804:)
2800:(
2778:)
2774:(
2766:)
2762:(
2572:)
2568:(
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2494:t
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2378:.
2320:.
2292:.
2154:.
2098:.
2068:.
2047:.
1977:.
1951:.
1917:.
1840:.
1812:.
1276:/
1264:/
935:.
586:"
53:.
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