196:
75:
50:
31:
282:. The bird seldom flies in the open. As such, the crissal thrasher rarely flies, preferring to walk or run around its territory and will mostly run for cover when disturbed by a potential predator. The bird's name is derived from the characteristic bright coloring, in contrast to the balance of its plumage, of the area between its tail and vent—a region known as the
855:
400:
at heights of three to eight feet, typically under a large branch for protection: both from other birds and the sun. The male and female cooperate in building the cup-shaped nest, which is constructed from twigs and lined with finer vegetation. The
324:
to conclude that at least three of the birds described were actually the crissal thrasher. When an army surgeon working in New Mexico sent Cassin specimens of a bird that he believed to be the
California thrasher, Cassin sent the specimens to
336:
Printer's errors in Baird's 1858 publication led to longstanding confusion and contention over the naming of the crissal thrasher. As printed, Baird's publication identified the new species as
1199:
1204:
377:
1214:
1052:
1104:
1184:
1229:
1016:
405:, which are blue in color and lack spots (this is the only species of thrasher to lay eggs without spots), are laid in clutches of 2 to 3 eggs and
1224:
1065:
437:. The crissal thrasher is mainly a ground feeder, using its long bill to probe for its prey amongst the leaf litter, particularly under shrubs.
333:. Baird determined that it was not a California thrasher and published his findings in 1858, identifying the crissal thrasher as a new species.
667:
536:
576:
1219:
1234:
1070:
917:
967:
224:
195:
74:
1109:
1209:
1117:
817:
Toxostoma-Crissale Ruled to Be the
Correct Original Spelling of the Name First Published as Toxostoma-Dorsalis
795:
Breeding bird communities and nest plant selection in
Chihuahuan desert habitats in south-central New Mexico
330:
908:
828:
Population changes and biogeographic affinities of the birds of the Salton Sink, California/Baja
California
372:, even though the original publication had been a mistake and had been quickly corrected. As a result, the
1122:
954:
870:
300:
In the early years of the study of the birds of western North
America, this species was confused with the
285:
185:
972:
859:
413:
11 to 13 days after they hatch. The chick is paler and duller than the adult, with a browner undertail.
169:
839:
Evolutionary patterns of morphometrics, allozymes, and mitochondrial DNA in thrashers (genus
Toxostoma)
478:
946:
928:
614:
271:
675:
544:
301:
256:
39:
1096:
1194:
1189:
69:
1057:
259:
described its singing as sweeter and less spasmodic than other thrashers. It can be found near
1143:
1083:
990:
593:
572:
566:
239:, southeastern California, extreme southern Nevada, and extreme southwestern Utah) to central
1148:
1031:
473:
406:
361:
959:
933:
736:, No. 419 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA.
1130:
696:
409:
for about 2 weeks, with both the male and female taking turns on the nest. The young are
773:
Rejection of
Cowbird Molothrus-Ater-Obscurus Eggs by Crissal Thrashers Toxostoma-Dorsale
455:
1178:
1078:
594:
Illustrations of the Birds of
California, Texas, Oregon, British, and Russian America
464:
326:
321:
318:
Illustrations of the Birds of
California, Texas, Oregon, British, and Russian America
59:
54:
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995:
30:
982:
1091:
1039:
902:
313:
893:
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232:
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275:
146:
126:
86:
1135:
887:
422:
402:
267:
220:
106:
1021:
941:
644:
430:
426:
341:
263:
251:
The bird grows to 32 centimetres (13 in), and has a deeply curved
236:
352:. Baird arranged for the error to be corrected, recording the name as
286:
1044:
434:
410:
260:
240:
96:
864:
804:
LaRue CT, Dickson LL, Brown NL, Spence JR & Stevens LE. (2001).
1008:
376:
epithet appeared in ornithological literature until 1983, when the
1003:
397:
345:
228:
136:
748:
HABITAT UTILIZATION BY BIRDS OF THREE DESERT RIPARIAN COMMUNITIES
837:
Zink RM, Dittmann DL, Klicka J & Blackwell-Rago RC. (1999).
762:
Evidence for Social
Regulation in Some Riparian Bird Populations
252:
116:
868:
784:
The Nomenclatural History of the Crissal Thrasher Aves Mimidae
368:
must be used instead because it had publication priority over
568:
Jim Burns' Arizona Birds: From the Backyard to the Backwoods
806:
Recent bird records from the Grand Canyon region, 1974–2000
360:
name was accepted and used until 1920, when ornithologist
597:. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co. Pages 260-264.
344:
name of the new thrasher with the species name of a new
515:
The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Birds
877:
378:
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature
308:), to which it is closely related. Descriptions of
760:Anderson BW, Ohmart RD & Fretwell SD. (1982).
750:. Arizona State University, United States—Arizona.
479:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22711127A94279394.en
503:Peterson's Field Guide to Birds of North America
1200:Native birds of the Southwestern United States
826:Patten MA, Erickson RA & Unitt P. (2004).
609:
607:
605:
603:
8:
571:. University of Arizona Press. p. 166.
1205:Endemic birds of Southwestern North America
819:. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature. vol
380:formally restored Baird's intended name of
865:
498:
496:
194:
48:
29:
20:
477:
1215:Fauna of the Lower Colorado River Valley
255:. The eyes are dull yellow. Bird expert
446:
340:, because the printer had switched the
662:
660:
658:
656:
730:Crissal Thrasher (Toxostoma crissale)
531:
529:
527:
525:
523:
356:the following month. Thereafter, the
7:
278:, and in the low desert near canyon
1185:IUCN Red List least concern species
793:Kozma JM & Mathews NE. (1997).
672:Utah Division of Wildlife Resources
465:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
14:
697:"Crissal Thrasher Identification"
830:. Studies in Avian Biology. vol
746:Laudenslayer WFJ. Ph.D. (1981).
392:The crissal thrasher builds its
364:published a note asserting that
73:
1230:Birds of the Rio Grande valleys
537:"Crissal Thrasher Life History"
454:BirdLife International (2016).
1225:Fauna of the Chihuahuan Desert
856:Crissal Thrasher photo gallery
701:The Cornell Lab of Ornithology
541:The Cornell Lab of Ornithology
1:
617:. The Birds of North America
1220:Fauna of the Sonoran Desert
845:, no 4. pp. 1021–1038.
764:. American Naturalist. vol
1251:
734:The Birds of North America
634:H. C. Oberholser (1920), "
225:Southwestern United States
812:, no 2. pp. 101–118.
801:, no 3. pp. 424–436.
779:, no 4. pp. 719–724.
768:, no 3. pp. 340–352.
517:, Western Region, pg. 523
202:
193:
175:
168:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
472:: e.T22711127A94279394.
1235:Birds described in 1858
823:, no 2. pp. 83–84.
797:. Wilson Bulletin. vol
331:Smithsonian Institution
203:Crissal thrasher range
815:Melville RV. (1983).
808:. Western Birds. vol
648:, Vol. 37, page 303.
274:, high elevations in
266:in dense underbrush,
782:Hubbard JP. (1976).
591:John Cassin (1856),
636:Toxostoma crissalis
565:Burns, Jim (2008).
306:Toxostoma redivivum
302:California thrasher
270:thickets, willows,
257:Roger Tory Peterson
40:Conservation status
1162:Toxostoma-crissale
934:Toxostoma_crissale
909:Toxostoma crissale
879:Toxostoma crissale
771:Finch DM. (1982).
728:Cody, M. L. 1999.
668:"CRISSAL THRASHER"
640:Toxostoma dorsalis
615:"Crissal Thrasher"
458:Toxostoma crissale
421:The species is an
338:Toxostoma dorsalis
216:Toxostoma crissale
179:Toxostoma crissale
1172:
1171:
1144:Open Tree of Life
871:Taxon identifiers
834:, pp. 24–32.
578:978-0-8165-2644-4
207:
206:
63:
24:Crissal thrasher
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1032:crissal-thrasher
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786:. Nemouria. vol
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674:. Archived from
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543:. Archived from
533:
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512:
506:
500:
491:
490:
488:
486:
481:
451:
433:, and seeds and
362:Harry Oberholser
288:
211:crissal thrasher
198:
181:
161:T. crissale
78:
77:
57:
52:
51:
33:
21:
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1210:Birds of Mexico
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1131:Observation.org
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906:
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790:, pp. 1–7.
757:
743:
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718:Further reading
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42:
17:
16:Species of bird
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11:
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860:Photo-High Res
851:
850:External links
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425:, eating both
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350:Junco dorsalis
322:ornithologists
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678:on 2016-03-05
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327:Spencer Baird
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316:'s 1856 book
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223:found in the
222:
219:) is a large
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170:Binomial name
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127:Passeriformes
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55:Least Concern
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
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747:
733:
729:
704:. Retrieved
700:
691:
680:. Retrieved
676:the original
671:
643:
639:
635:
630:
619:. Retrieved
592:
587:
567:
560:
549:. Retrieved
545:the original
540:
514:
510:
502:
483:. Retrieved
469:
463:
457:
449:
420:
391:
381:
373:
370:T. crissalis
369:
365:
358:T. crissalis
357:
354:T. crissalis
353:
349:
337:
335:
317:
310:T. redivivum
309:
305:
299:
283:
250:
215:
214:
210:
208:
178:
176:
160:
159:
147:
18:
1118:Neotropical
1092:NatureServe
1040:iNaturalist
903:Wikispecies
841:. Auk. vol
775:. Auk. vol
485:11 November
382:T. crissale
374:T. dorsalis
366:T. dorsalis
314:John Cassin
247:Description
235:, southern
231:, southern
1179:Categories
1157:Xeno-canto
706:2010-11-06
682:2010-11-06
621:2010-11-06
551:2010-11-06
505:, page 322
441:References
320:led later
233:New Mexico
1195:Toxostoma
1190:Thrashers
407:incubated
396:in dense
348:species,
280:chaparral
276:manzanita
272:scrub oak
227:(western
155:Species:
148:Toxostoma
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
1097:2.103739
1084:22711127
1058:10453125
960:22711127
955:BirdLife
894:Q2225821
888:Wikidata
755:Articles
423:omnivore
268:mesquite
221:thrasher
133:Family:
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
1149:1037285
1022:5231693
942:Avibase
645:The Auk
638:versus
431:spiders
427:insects
411:fledged
342:species
329:at the
296:History
287:crissum
264:streams
237:Arizona
143:Genus:
137:Mimidae
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
1123:crithr
1071:178652
1029:GNAB:
1009:crithr
983:crithr
973:117015
922:crithr
858:VIREO
741:Thesis
575:
435:fruits
398:shrubs
261:desert
241:Mexico
188:, 1858
1136:76473
1110:55420
1053:IRMNG
1045:14890
1004:eBird
996:57MNS
980:BOW:
732:. In
394:nests
346:junco
229:Texas
186:Henry
1105:NCBI
1079:IUCN
1066:ITIS
1017:GBIF
968:BOLD
723:Book
573:ISBN
487:2021
470:2016
429:and
417:Diet
403:eggs
388:Nest
253:bill
209:The
117:Aves
991:CoL
929:ADW
918:ABA
843:116
799:109
766:120
642:,"
474:doi
312:in
1181::
1159::
1146::
1133::
1120::
1107::
1094::
1081::
1068::
1055::
1042::
1019::
1006::
993::
970::
957::
944::
931::
920::
905::
890::
832:27
821:40
810:32
788:20
777:99
699:.
670:.
655:^
602:^
539:.
522:^
495:^
468:.
462:.
384:.
292:.
243:.
709:.
685:.
624:.
581:.
554:.
489:.
476::
460:"
456:"
304:(
213:(
62:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
