1417:
watching the taping on a remote monitor. While Chris was gone, the camera and microphones were left on on-stage, and so the press was accidentally privy to the intimate conversation. Courtney complained she felt like a deer in the headlights, and said she'd expected at least one of the women to come to her defense. "But I didn't play with my hair once. Aren't you proud?" she added. "Yes," the producer replied. "That was good." The staffer tried to distract
Courtney by talking to her about the kind of cigarettes she smokes -- American Spirits, apparently -- and the model soon began to feel better. "I'm not feeling very emotional anymore," she said, her tears dispersing. "You made me feel better. I appreciate it." Then, she began to worry about coming off as too cold: "I don't know if I can show that emotion again," she fretted. "You have to," the producer said. "This is you. This is for you and Ben."
228:, which shows cars in poor condition being restored and customized in order to match their owners' interests, have stated that elements of the show were faked. These include cars getting their paint removed and additional litter put in before taping in order to make their starting condition look worse; cars getting outfitted with elements that were removed right after taping, like a robotic arm; and contestants being coached to act very enthusiastically after the final "reveal". Participants have also said that the overhaul process, implied in the show to last no more than a few days, actually lasted 6–8 months.
720:(where the Gosselins resided) regarding a child's appearance on a reality show. However, Pennsylvania law permits children who are at least seven years old to work in the entertainment industry, as long as certain guidelines are followed and a permit is obtained. For example, children may not work after 11:30 PM under most circumstances, or perform in any location that serves alcohol. Both parents defended the children's involvement, stating they were happy and healthy. TLC released a statement saying that the network "fully complies with all applicable laws and regulations" to produce the show.
327:, filed a lawsuit against A&E in December 2012, saying that he was fired after he complained to the network and the production company that produces the show that the series is staged. According to Hester, the items that are seen in the abandoned storage containers that are acquired by the series' cast are appraised in advance before being planted in the containers by A&E, which pays for storage lockers for "weaker" cast members, scripts the cast member interviews, and stages the auctions seen on the show. A&E denied the accusation, saying that the show is entirely authentic.
487:("If I Were"), which follows young, middle-class people as they are temporarily placed into lower-class life, where they learn to appreciate their circumstances back home by experiencing daily life for the less fortunate. Critics have claimed that this and similar programs in Indonesia reinforce traditionally Western ideals of materialism and consumerism. However, Eko Nugroho, reality show producer and president of Dreamlight World Media, insists that these reality shows are not promoting American lifestyles but rather reaching people through their universal desires.
291:
realize that editing is what makes the show... You'll hear someone make one comment and then they'll show a clip of somebody's face to make it look like that is their facial reaction to that statement, but really, somebody made that face the day before to something else. It's just piecing things together to make a story." Parris also stated that producers "bully" and berate contestants into saying specific things to the camera that the contestants do not wish to say. Fleiss stated in an appearance on
1759:
737:, child psychologist Alan Zimmerman said, "Using your family or children to please the masses, or producers of mass entertainment who want ratings and a good bottom line, is inherently risky They are by definition a commodity in a profit-oriented business." The same article quoted psychologist Jamie Huysman as saying, "It is exploitation Nobody wants to watch normal behavior. Kids have to be co-conspirators to get the camera to stay on."
256:" in between, and instructed to improvise, which Hogan says is a version of what he did as a professional wrestler. According to Hogan, this would result in behavior that members of his family would never exhibit in real life, as when his son, Nick tossed water balloons at neighbors from a window, or when his wife would wake up early to apply makeup and do her hair before camera crews arrived to film shots of the couple sleeping.
749:
1387:"We are very careful in our casting to develop characters that the audience is going to root for and root against." Fleiss admits that his show has less to do with "reality" than it does making good television. Which is all fine and good… if a few moments later he hadn't claimed that the whole premise was romance and the search for love.
24:
of events that have occurred. Critics have argued that reality television shows reflect reality in ways that are deceptive or even fraudulent through misleading editing, coaching participants on what to say and how to behave, generating storylines ahead of time, and staging or re-staging scenes for the cameras.
677:
to believe that Hicks was in fact the prince, including being isolated in hotel rooms with no means of entertainment or communication for the week prior to filming and having a therapist (actually a member of the production crew) come on set and consult with contestants who still weren't convinced of
303:
Season 16, what should have been a private conversation between contestant
Courtney Robertson and one of the show's producers went public when the microphones were accidentally left on in between camera takes. The leaked conversation revealed the producer's role as an acting coach who was encouraging
290:
Season 4 winner, Jesse
Csincsak, stated that contestants on those series are required to follow producers' orders, and that storylines are fabricated in the editing room. Season 13 participants Megan Parris related, "I don't think showed any real conversation I had with anyone... The viewers fail to
164:, president of the Writers Guild of America-West, stated in 2004, "We look at reality TV, which is billed as unscripted, and we know it is scripted. We understand that shows don't want to call the writers writers because they want to maintain the illusion that it is reality, that stuff just happens."
79:
In docusoap programming, which follows people in their daily life, producers may be highly deliberate in their editing strategies, able to portray certain participants as heroes or villains, and may guide the drama through altered chronology and selective presentation of events. A Season 3 episode of
317:
depicts three generations of the
Harrison family working at their family-owned Gold & Silver Pawn Shop in Las Vegas. However, as a result of the filming that takes place there, the four main cast members no longer work the counter, due to laws that require the identity of customers pawning items
23:
genre, and specific reality television shows, have been subject to significant criticism since the genre first rose to worldwide popularity in the 1990s. Much of the criticism has centered on the use of the word "reality", and such shows' attempt to present themselves as a straightforward recounting
431:
I would argue, rather, that the simulated setting stimulates feeling, in part because the removal of the participants from their normal surroundings strips them to nothing but the space and affect of social interaction. The intimacy that arises out of this amplified situation is real – both for the
251:
that paying unionized camera crews to film subjects continuously until something telegenic or dramatic occurs would be prohibitively expensive, and that as a result, such shows are "soft-scripted", and follow a tightly regimented shooting schedule that allows for typical work-related considerations
44:
The authenticity of reality television is often called into question by its detractors. The genre's title of "reality" is often criticized as being inaccurate because of claims that the genre frequently includes—premeditated scripting; acting; urgings from behind-the-scenes crew to create specified
682:
has disagreed with this assessment, writing, "for all the talk about 'humiliation TV,' what's striking about most reality shows is how good humored and resilient most of the participants are: the
American Idol rejectees stubbornly convinced of their own talent, the Fear Factor players walking away
195:
that spotlighted the series, cast member Jon
Brennan revealed that he was asked by the producers to state on the air that he felt hatred towards housemate Tami Roman for her decision to have an abortion, and that he refused to do so, stating that although he disagreed with her decision, he did not
658:
wrote, "Do we watch reality television for precious insight into the human condition? Please. We watch for those awkward scenes that make us feel a smidge better about our own little unfilmed lives." Media analyst Tom
Alderman wrote, "There is a sub-set of Reality TV that can only be described as
134:, do not allow the participants to wear clothing of their own choosing while on camera, to promote the participants' wearing of "camera-friendly colors" and to prevent the participants from wearing the same style and/or color of clothing. Additionally, some prohibit clothing with corporate logos.
27:
Other criticisms of reality television shows include that they are intended to humiliate or exploit participants (particularly on competition shows), that they make celebrities out of untalented people who do not deserve fame, and that they glamorize vulgarity and materialism. Actor and filmmaker
48:
In many cases, the entire premise of the show is a contrived one, based around a competition or another unusual situation. However, various shows have additionally been accused of using fakery in order to create more compelling television, such as having premeditated storylines and in some cases
1416:
A private conversation between
Courtney and a show producer went public. During Chris' temporary hiatus, one of the show's producers went over to comfort Courtney, who was clearly very distraught after being attacked by numerous ladies. I was sitting backstage with a group of other journalists,
467:
ran the front-page headline "Is Super Girl a Force for
Democracy?" The Chinese government criticized the show, citing both its democratic nature and its excessive vulgarity, or "worldliness", and in 2006 banned it outright. It was later reintroduced in 2009, before being banned again in 2011.
617:
series, which have spawned music stars in many of the countries in which they have aired. Many other shows, however, have made at least temporary celebrities out of their participants; some participants have then been able to parlay this fame into media and merchandising careers. Reality TV
395:, found that, of 237 deals shown being made, 43% did not lead to any sort of investment, and another 30% did occur but under different terms than what was agreed to on the show. An analysis of one season (2017) of the Australian installment, also called
380:, there were rumors that its star was not only heterosexual, but also had a boyfriend already. The show's winner, Bobby Banhart, claimed that he never saw Ms. Tequila again after the show finished taping, and that he was not given her telephone number.
252:
such as lunch breaks. When filming soft-scripted shows, the subjects are given a scenario by the producers to act out, perhaps an exaggerated version of something likely to be encountered in their real lives, are informed of the outcome, and possible "
318:
to remain confidential, and the tourists and fans taking photos and video in the showroom that would preclude this. When shooting episodes of the series, the shop is temporarily closed, with only a handful of customers allowed into the showroom.
389:, which shows entrepreneurs vying to get investments from wealthy businessmen, has sometimes been accused of misleading viewers as to the seriousness of the deals being made. A 2016 analysis of the American installment of the franchise,
727:, in which a father pretended that his six-year-old son was caught in an out-of-control helium balloon, reportedly in order to get publicity in order to get the family back into the reality-show business (after two appearances on ABC's
206:
present, which
Schlichting added was not typical of Johnson. Producers have also been accused of selectively editing material in order to give the false impression of certain emotional reactions or statements from the castmates.
110:
world in which the competition plays out. Producers specifically select the participants and use carefully designed scenarios, challenges, events, and settings to encourage particular behaviors and conflicts.
1491:
75:
used the industry jargon "Franken-bites" and gave an example of the audio-splicing trick, which is used to force dialogue that is needed for the drama/story/script, but not actually said by the cast members.
119:
and other reality shows, has agreed with this assessment, and avoids the word "reality" to describe his shows; he has said, "I tell good stories. It really is not reality TV. It really is unscripted drama."
1213:
295:
that he develops the show's contestants into characters that will cater to his audience's tastes and that they "need fair share of villains every season." On February 24, 2012, during the filming of
457:) was criticized by the Chinese government for its political and cultural impact. After the finale of the show's 2005 season drew an audience of around 400 million people, and 8 million
344:, that at least two of the scenes that were shot for that series were scripted, reshot or edited in order to cast Humphries in a negative light following Kardashian's decision to divorce him.
45:
situations of adversity and drama; misleading editing; etc. For these reasons and more, there has been controversy over the extent to which reality television truly reflects reality.
1247:
1370:
1277:
861:
495:
Writers for reality television do not receive union pay-scale compensation and union representation, which significantly decreases expenditures for producers and broadcasters.
1879:
1573:
975:
401:, found an even worse outcome, with only 4 of 27 investment deals shown on the show actually coming to fruition. A 2019 analysis of two seasons of the British installment,
669:, but who is actually lookalike Matt Hicks. Following the show's premiere and subsequent cancellation due to low ratings, the show's winner, Katherine Birch, came out to
1358:
We need our fair share of villains every season. And now we're very careful in our casting…to develop characters that the audience is going to root for and root against
1840:
1592:
506:, whereby companies and corporations pay to have their products included in television programming for marketing purposes, is highly prevalent in reality television.
1488:
1337:
202:
related an instance in which roommate Mike Johnson asked a question when cameras were not present, and then asked the same question five minutes later when cameras
1866:
1234:
The viewers are seeing the PRODUCED side of her show and not so much the genuine stuff, and she looks silly because of it... A LOT TAKES PLACE IN THE EDITING ROOM!
215:
says producers paid a man $ 100 to ask her out on a date, and that she terminated that plan when she learned of it. She also says that a heated argument she and
66:) combined audio and video from different times, or from different sets of footage, to create a false chronology and distort participant behavior and actions.
2008:"Compilation of responses to the questionnaire on “Big Brother” type programmes", Secretariat memorandum prepared by the Directorate General of Human Rights.
1221:
683:
from vats of insects like Olympic champions. What finally bothers their detractors is, perhaps, not that these people are humiliated but that they are not."
2053:
189:
cast if their situations were real, noting that situations from the original season seemed to repeat themselves in subsequent ones. On an edition of the
1987:
1058:
716:), as to whether or not the children were exploited or were under emotional distress. At the time the show was being filmed there were no clear laws in
1033:
173:
have related incidents in which the producers staged or attempted to stage incidents for the cameras. During a reunion show featuring the first four
925:
49:
feeding participants lines of dialogue, focusing only on participants' most outlandish behavior, and altering events through editing and re-shoots.
1450:
2150:
1707:
1470:"Kim Kardashian, Kris Humphries divorce case heats up: Court documents show marriage scenes were 'scripted, reshot or edited' for reality show"
1469:
526:
1637:
1437:
1171:
282:
2087:
267:
419:
that even though the contestants are in a fabricated setting and the situation has been set up for a certain outcome, as in shows such as
353:
1796:
1099:
772:
472:
has also been criticized by non-government commentators for creating seemingly impossible ideals that may be harmful to Chinese youth.
1653:
Li Cui; Francis L. F. Lee (2010). "Becoming Extra-Ordinary: Negotiation of Media Power in the Case of "Super Girls' Voice" in China".
1285:
1251:
909:
1919:
2145:
1876:
1400:
1156:
397:
112:
1760:"Indonesia goes wild for American-style reality TV in a nation where income varies widely, shows offer a look at how others live"
372:
154:
1901:
1527:
574:
332:
106:, the producers design the format of the show and control the day-to-day activities and the environment, creating a completely
82:
509:
The following is a list of prime-time television shows with the most instances of product placement during 2011, according to
1968:
659:
Shame TV because it uses humiliation as its core appeal." A particularly infamous example of this "Shame TV" trend is 2014's
558:
370:, was for a much smaller amount of work than what was promised throughout the show. During the airing of the first season of
261:
1889:
1837:
1725:
1345:
550:
276:
186:
152:
is one notable example: the show faced allegations that its plots are scripted ahead of time. During the second season of
706:
Criticism, and a legal inquiry, were raised regarding the participation of the Gosselin children in the 2007–2011 series
1863:
1500:
661:
582:
358:
1193:
142:
Reality television shows have faced speculation that the participants themselves are involved in fakery, acting out
1949:
840:"Just how real are reality TV shows? - Shows may exist in a middle ground – not fully scripted nor completely true"
839:
729:
169:
60:
detailed various misleading tricks of reality TV producers. According to the show, various reality shows (notably
1777:
889:
630:," yet who have done nothing to warrant this sudden fame. Some have been lampooned for exploiting an undeserved "
308:
2065:
1905:
1611:
767:
534:
182:
1554:
1995:
1074:
1371:"Today's TV Addict Top 5: Wildly Disturbing Quotes from THE BACHELOR creator/executive producer Mike Fleiss"
627:
623:
566:
191:
542:
510:
447:
198:
158:, it was speculated that the customers eating meals prepared by the contestants were in fact paid actors.
1489:"Kim Kardashian Faked Kris Humphries Scenes: Show Producer Reveals Star Wanted To Make Humpries Look Bad"
1688:
1474:
930:
901:
148:
1148:
638:
is one such group of reality television personalities who were subject to this criticism in the 2010s.
1046:
1012:
814:
1020:
992:
815:"Reality Is Only An Illusion, Writers Say - Hollywood Scribes Want a Cut Of Not-So-Unscripted Series"
708:
654:
403:
130:
265:
in which families learn that they have been selected to receive a home makeover, and some scenes in
1894:
1515:"My Fair Brady's Adrianne Curry & Christopher Knight: The Raw and Uncensored PR.com Interview"
1168:
1123:
958:
2095:
1670:
782:
762:
631:
20:
407:, found that nearly half of the deals made on the show did not result in any actual investment.
2023:
219:
had in the seventh episode of that season was edited to make both of them appear more extreme.
2119:"Psychological toll: Experts say TV cameras alter family dynamics, like in "balloon boy" case"
1633:
1433:
1180:
1152:
905:
754:
695:
635:
503:
253:
243:
161:
1793:
1096:
1662:
787:
724:
679:
590:
237:
212:
143:
1338:"Bachelors have sex with an average of three women, but Bob Guiney has the record with 5.5"
1883:
1870:
1844:
1800:
1495:
1308:
1175:
1103:
866:
646:
Some have claimed that the success of reality television is due to its ability to provide
607:, at least for a short period. This is most notable in talent-search programs such as the
178:
62:
1927:
385:
352:
The very premise of some reality shows has been called into question. The winner of the
259:
Multiple takes of scenes can be shot in reality shows. Known examples include scenes on
1969:"One year later, 'I Wanna Marry Harry' winner reveals behind-the-scenes 'brainwashing'"
1849:
363:
341:
337:
71:
733:), also raised questions about the exploitation of children. In an interview with the
2139:
1674:
1531:
687:
670:
648:
518:
463:
1194:
Real Housewives, Fake Scenes: New York Cast Caught On Camera Staging Scenes For Show
748:
1333:
1273:
1198:
717:
691:
666:
613:
458:
377:
323:
224:
216:
86:
included a segment on the ways in which selective editing can be used to this end.
926:"Most vile stars on reality TV: The ugliest, meanest and most violent of them all"
652:, by satisfying the desire of viewers to see others humiliated. American magazine
1666:
1612:"Nearly half of Dragon's Den winners got no money from tycoons after cameras cut"
1729:
893:
777:
29:
665:, in which a cast of women attempt to win the charms of who they believe to be
32:
described reality television as "the museum of social decay", while journalist
1140:
997:
944:
744:
674:
480:
391:
366:, claimed that part of the grand prize she received, a modeling contract with
313:
232:
33:
304:
Robertson to fake certain emotions for the camera which she was not feeling.
1455:
1214:"Jesse Csincsak Talks About Ashley Hebert And Last Night's The Bachelorette"
1034:"'Real World: Chicago' cast admits their September 11 reactions were staged"
604:
603:
Reality television has the potential to turn its participants into national
476:
1781:
286:, as well as former contestants, have stated that both shows are scripted.
1890:"Jonah Hill Talks 'The Sitter,' Weight Loss And Disgust With Kardashians"
1574:"We Fact-Checked Seven Seasons Of Shark Tank Deals. Here Are The Results"
1108:
847:
453:
2118:
427:, what emerges on the screen is still grounded in reality. King writes:
1278:"Megan Parris says Bachelor producers "berate," "curse at" contestants"
862:"Robocop's Gary Oldman: 'My dog has more dignity than the Kardashians'"
107:
1728:(Press release). University of Cambridge. July 5, 2007. Archived from
1401:"'The Bachelor' recap: Five things you didn't see on 'Women Tell All'"
1794:
Product Placement Market Soars to $ 3.46 billion in 2004: Report
1430:
License to Pawn: Deals, Steals, and My Life at the Gold & Silver
619:
367:
336:, stated in a 165-page deposition in the divorce proceedings of star
1726:"Footage from banned Chinese "Pop Idol" receives Cambridge premiere"
1593:"'I'm out': Shark Tank bites fail to net deal once show goes to air"
1813:
978:
843:
442:
1778:
Profit motive: Ads become more prominent amid squeeze in industry
1514:
2009:
483:
as the most-watched programs on the air. One popular program is
376:, in which a group of both men and women vied for the heart of
1630:
Spectacle of the Real: From Hollywood to Reality TV and Beyond
417:
Spectacle of the Real: From Hollywood to Reality TV and Beyond
53:
1950:"Shame TV: Why Humiliation Sells on American Idol and Others"
1124:"Here's What Really Happened To The Cars From 'Pimp My Ride'"
1309:"'Bachelor' candidate from Sewickley Hills goes off script"
330:
On February 4, 2013, Russell Jay, a producer on the series
1648:
1646:
673:
about how she and the other contestants were effectively
1708:"TV talent contest 'too democratic' for China's censors"
36:
questioned whether it marked "the end of civilization".
1864:"Elton John Trashes Kim Kardashian, Reality Television"
1017:
returns for fourth season – The MTV hit invades London"
1877:"Kardashian Family: The Backlash of Being Overexposed"
1528:"Report: 'Bisexual' MTV Star Tila Tequila Is Straight"
694:
during reality TV has been a concern addressed by the
898:
Television After TV: Essays on a Medium in Transition
513:. Nine out of the ten are reality television shows.
321:
Dave Hester, one of the stars of the A&E series
945:"Charlie Brooker's Screenwipe - Reality TV Editing"
1838:"Kim Kardashian Is Fighting Back Against Backlash"
102:, and other special living environment shows like
1814:"Primetime Shows With the Most Product Placement"
2088:"Report: Jon Gosselin says his 8 kids are happy"
1833:
1831:
808:
806:
804:
802:
461:votes, the state-run English-language newspaper
146:that have been planned in advance by producers.
429:
976:"At last! The secrets of 'Survivor' revealed."
1530:. Fox News. November 30, 2007. Archived from
1167:Christensen, Kim; James, Meg (May 13, 2007).
626:", and/or "nonebrities" who are effectively "
235:, whose family starred in the reality series
196:feel hatred towards her. Lars Schlichting of
8:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1918:Snierson, Dan; Wolk, Josh (December 2002).
1902:"Jon Hamm Defends Kim Kardashian Criticism"
981:. October 7, 2008. Accessed September 2011.
222:Various participants on the 2004-2007 show
2018:
2016:
1875:*Vanderberg, Madison (December 23, 2011).
965:. Melbourne, Australia. November 13, 2003.
479:, reality television shows have surpassed
1451:"'Storage Wars' star says show is rigged"
167:Various alumni of the MTV reality series
16:Criticism of the reality television genre
2048:
2046:
2044:
1059:"Interview With Coral Jeanne Smith from
678:"Harry's" legitimacy. Television critic
1986:Poniewozik, James (February 12, 2003).
1632:, p. 97. Bristol, GBR. Intellect Books
798:
1122:Van Luling, Todd (February 25, 2015).
618:contestants are sometimes derided as "
437:Negative political and cultural impact
94:In competition-based programs such as
1555:"As 'Shot' misses, Tequila aims anew"
247:, explains in his 2009 autobiography
7:
1888:*Gostin, Nicki (December 12, 2011).
1449:Oldenburg, Ann (December 11, 2012).
1246:Carbone, Steve (February 26, 2009).
491:Union critique of reality television
268:The Real Housewives of New York City
2117:Draper, Electa (October 18, 2009).
2024:""Jon And Kate" 8 Being Exploited?"
1948:Alderman, Tom (February 13, 2008).
1900:*Marikar, Sheila (March 19, 2012).
1706:Macartney, Jane (August 29, 2005).
1513:Allison Kugel (December 10, 2005).
1073:. December 23, 2004. Archived from
773:List of reality television programs
1967:Fitzpatrick, Molly (May 6, 2015).
1758:Onishi, Norimitsu (May 25, 2009).
1468:Maresca, Rachel (March 13, 2013).
1212:McDow, Christine (June 28, 2011).
924:Joanna Sloame and Soraya Roberts.
813:Booth, William (August 10, 2004).
14:
1873:. The Improper. February 4, 2011.
1803:. Promo Magazine. March 30, 2005.
1572:Canal, Emily (October 21, 2016).
432:participants and for the viewers.
1553:Johnson, K C (January 3, 2008).
1487:Tate, Amethyst (March 14, 2013)
1307:Cherry, Bobby (March 26, 2009).
1248:"My Interview with Megan Parris"
1011:Fretts, Bruce. (July 21, 1995).
991:Holland, Roger (June 19, 2006).
846:. April 14, 2009. Archived from
747:
373:A Shot at Love with Tila Tequila
185:cast, questioned members of the
1988:"Why Reality TV Is Good for Us"
1610:Selby, Alan (August 10, 2019).
415:Misha Kavka argues in the book
333:Keeping Up with the Kardashians
2151:Criticism of television series
1399:Kaufman, Amy (March 6, 2012).
934:. April 1, 2011. Page 42 of 46
559:Extreme Makeover: Home Edition
262:Extreme Makeover: Home Edition
1:
2054:"Pa. labor officials probing
1591:Waters, Cara (May 17, 2018).
686:Allegations of violations of
642:As a spectacle of humiliation
1764:International Herald Tribune
1667:10.1080/15405702.2010.512829
1501:International Business Times
1432:. Hyperion. 2011. New York.
1169:"And then the roof caved in"
383:The international franchise
83:Charlie Brooker's Screenwipe
69:An episode of the NBC drama
1494:September 21, 2013, at the
1174:September 21, 2013, at the
58:Reality TV Secrets Revealed
2169:
1869:February 12, 2012, at the
1013:"The British Invasion The
1843:January 15, 2012, at the
947:. YouTube. February 2007.
702:Participation of children
2146:Television controversies
1145:My Life Outside the Ring
959:"Surviving and thriving"
768:Great Reality TV Swindle
583:America's Next Top Model
535:The Celebrity Apprentice
359:America's Next Top Model
274:Mike Fleiss, creator of
249:My Life Outside the Ring
1816:. CNBC. January 5, 2012
1782:The Californian (News).
1428:Harrison, Rick (2011).
993:"Hell's Kitchen review"
628:famous for being famous
192:E! True Hollywood Story
1799:March 3, 2012, at the
543:Dancing with the Stars
511:Nielsen Media Research
451:(a local imitation of
434:
231:Professional wrestler
199:The Real World: London
1882:May 11, 2013, at the
1655:Popular Communication
1597:Sydney Morning Herald
1288:on September 17, 2012
1077:on September 28, 2007
902:Duke University Press
709:Jon & Kate Plus 8
662:I Wanna Marry "Harry"
138:Scripting and staging
40:"Reality" as misnomer
1924:Entertainment Weekly
1695:. September 8, 2005.
1628:King, Geoff (2005).
1021:Entertainment Weekly
896:(November 9, 2004).
655:Entertainment Weekly
599:Undeserved celebrity
594:, 161 in 11 episodes
586:, 178 in 26 episodes
578:, 201 in 13 episodes
570:, 220 in 32 episodes
567:America's Got Talent
562:, 224 in 31 episodes
554:, 312 in 26 episodes
546:, 390 in 29 episodes
538:, 391 in 12 episodes
530:, 533 in 34 episodes
522:, 577 in 39 episodes
445:singing competition
128:Some shows, such as
1954:The Huffington Post
1895:The Huffington Post
1853:. December 21, 2011
1784:Retrieved May 2009.
1534:on October 18, 2012
1218:Reality TV Magazine
1128:The Huffington Post
1061:Battle of the Sexes
870:. February 10, 2014
819:The Washington Post
575:Friday Night Lights
90:Unreal environments
1336:(March 16, 2010).
1276:(March 29, 2009).
1149:St. Martin's Press
1102:2015-01-28 at the
1097:"The Unreal World"
1095:Roberts, Michael.
850:on April 10, 2009.
783:Media manipulation
763:Quiz show scandals
632:15 minutes of fame
348:Misleading premise
297:The Women Tell All
181:, of the original
21:reality television
1638:978-1-84150-120-8
1438:978-1-4013-2430-8
1375:Today's TV Addict
1348:on March 10, 2012
1224:on April 22, 2012
1181:Los Angeles Times
1151:. pp. 175 - 178,
1036:. August 19, 2002
755:Television portal
696:Council of Europe
636:Kardashian family
527:The Biggest Loser
504:Product placement
499:Product placement
411:Counter-reasoning
340:and her husband,
244:Brooke Knows Best
162:Daniel Petrie Jr.
124:Wardrobe handling
2158:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2121:. Denverpost.com
2114:
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2103:
2098:on June 11, 2009
2094:. Archived from
2084:
2078:
2077:
2075:
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2068:on June 11, 2009
2064:. Archived from
2050:
2039:
2038:
2036:
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2020:
2011:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1998:on May 28, 2006.
1994:. Archived from
1983:
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1732:on March 3, 2008
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1689:"Democracy Idol"
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1377:. March 18, 2010
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1344:. Archived from
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1284:. Archived from
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1254:on March 1, 2013
1250:. Archived from
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1220:. Archived from
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1196:, Dylan Howard,
1191:
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1143:(October 2009),
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788:Scripted reality
757:
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725:balloon boy hoax
680:James Poniewozik
591:The Amazing Race
485:Jika Aku Menjadi
425:The Bachelorette
288:The Bachelorette
283:The Bachelorette
238:Hogan Knows Best
213:Rebecca Blasband
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2056:Jon & Kate
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1850:Inside Edition
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364:Adrianne Curry
356:, in 2003, of
349:
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342:Kris Humphries
338:Kim Kardashian
170:The Real World
155:Hell's Kitchen
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1930:on 2018-10-01
1929:
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1920:"Can't-Be TV"
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735:Denver Post
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481:soap operas
299:episode of
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30:Gary Oldman
2140:Categories
2058:complaint"
1934:2013-09-03
1776:1/5/2008.
1475:Daily News
1440:pp. 70, 89
1015:Real World
998:PopMatters
931:Daily News
794:References
675:gaslighted
470:Super Girl
448:Super Girl
398:Shark Tank
392:Shark Tank
314:Pawn Stars
233:Hulk Hogan
175:Real World
144:storylines
108:fabricated
34:Ted Koppel
1714:. London.
1712:The Times
1675:144259958
1456:USA Today
1313:Trib Live
874:August 1,
824:April 26,
730:Wife Swap
723:The 2009
477:Indonesia
149:The Hills
52:The 2004
2102:June 23,
1906:ABC News
1880:Archived
1867:Archived
1841:Archived
1797:Archived
1736:July 29,
1517:. pr.com
1492:Archived
1410:July 10,
1381:July 10,
1352:July 10,
1318:July 16,
1292:July 16,
1258:July 16,
1228:July 10,
1172:Archived
1100:Archived
1081:June 21,
741:See also
614:X Factor
454:Pop Idol
209:New York
183:New York
131:Survivor
117:Survivor
100:Survivor
56:program
2125:May 24,
2072:May 29,
2033:May 21,
1820:May 20,
963:The Age
634:". The
443:Chinese
311:series
309:History
177:casts,
1673:
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1578:Forbes
1436:
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620:Z-list
368:Revlon
1780:from
1671:S2CID
979:MSNBC
844:MSNBC
293:20/20
254:beats
2127:2012
2104:2009
2074:2009
2035:2009
1992:Time
1822:2015
1738:2007
1634:ISBN
1540:2013
1434:ISBN
1412:2012
1383:2012
1354:2012
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1294:2012
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