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in arms as officers or private soldiers, for and on behalf of the
English against the Irish; and all and every person and persons (both principals and accessories) who since the said first day of October, 1641, have killed, slain, or otherwise destroyed any person or persons entertained and maintained as officers or private soldiers, for and on the behalf of the English against the Irish (the said persons so killing, slaying, or otherwise destroying, not being then publicly entertained and maintained in arms as officer or private soldier under the command and pay of the Irish nation against the English).
504:, priest, and other person or persons who have received orders from the Pope or See of Rome, or any authority derived from the same, that have any ways contrived, advised, counselled, promoted, continued, countenanced, aided, assisted, or abetted; or at any time hereafter shall any ways contrive, advise, counsel, promote, continue, countenance, aid, assist, or abet the rebellion or war in Ireland, or any the murders or massacres, robberies, or violences committed against the Protestants, English, or others there.
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which began in the year 1641; or have at any time before the said tenth day of
November 1642, by bearing arms, or contributing men, arms, horse, plate, money, victual, or other furniture or hablements of war (other than such which they shall make to appear to have been taken from them by mere force and violence), aided, assisted, promoted, acted, prosecuted, or abetted the said rebellion, murders, or massacres;
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591:: "That James Butler Earl of Ormond, James Touchet Earl of Castlehaven, Ullick Bourk Earl of Clanrickard, Christopher Plunket Earl of Fingal, James Dillon Earl of Roscomon, Richard Nugent Earl of Westmeath, Morrogh O Brien Baron of Inchiquin, Donogh Mac Carthy Viscount Muskerry ... be excepted from pardon for Life and Estate."
398:, the confiscated land was granted to the "Adventurers". The new owners were known as "planters". The Adventurers were financiers who had loaned the Parliament ÂŁ10 million in 1642, specifically to reverse the 1641 rebellion, and the Act had been signed into law by Charles I just before the start of the
515:
That all and every person and persons (both principals and accessories) who since the first of
October, 1641, have or shall kill, slay, or otherwise destroy any person or persons in Ireland, which at the time of their being so killed, slain, or destroyed, were not publicly entertained and maintained
324:
Protestant
Royalists, on the other hand, could avoid land confiscations if they had surrendered by May 1650 and had paid fines to the Parliamentarian government. The Commonwealth initially had harsh plans to remove the formerly-Scottish Presbyterians from north-east Ulster – as they had fought with
307:
The remaining leaders of the Irish army lost the vast majority of their estates, causing
Catholic land ownership to fall to just 8% across the island. To have been merely a bystander was itself a crime, and anyone who had resided in Ireland any time from 1 October 1649, to 1 March 1650 and had not
488:
all and every person and persons, who at any time before the tenth day of
November 1642 (being the time of the sitting of the first General Assembly at Kilkenny in Ireland), have contrived, advised, counselled, promoted, or acted, the rebellion, murders, or massacres done or committed in Ireland,
341:
was chosen as a native reservation not because the land was poor; The
Commonwealth rated Connaught above Ulster in this respect". Lenihan suggests that County Clare was chosen instead for security reasons – to keep Catholic landowners penned between the sea and the river Shannon. The Cromwellian
207:
Whereas the
Parliament of England, after the expence of much Blood and Treasure for suppression of the horrid Rebellion in Ireland, have by the good Hand of God upon their undertakings, brought that Affair to such an Issue, as that a total Reducement and Settlement of that Nation may, with Gods
320:
This was interpreted by the
English Parliamentarian authorities in Ireland who ordered all Irish land owners to leave for those lands before 1 May 1654 or be executed. However, in practice, most Catholic landowners stayed on their land as tenants and the numbers of those either transplanted or
225:
The Act includes a list of a 104 men who were excluded from pardon for life and estate. This list includes members of the nobility, the landed gentry, army officers, and clergy. It includes royalists as well as supporters of the
Confederation. The first ten people on this list are:
296:, who were treated as legitimate combatants provided that they had surrendered before the end of 1652. The 1641 rebels and the above-mentioned Royalist leaders were excluded from the pardon given to soldiers who had surrendered: they were to be executed when captured.
198:, that repaid creditors with land forfeited by the 1641 rebels. These and other creditors had mostly resold their property interests to local landowners who wanted these recent property transfers reconfirmed by an over-riding Act, for the avoidance of doubt.
406:). Many of Ireland's pre-war Protestant inhabitants also took advantage of the confiscation of Catholic-owned land to increase their own holdings, buying land off the Adventurers. In addition, smaller grants of land were given to 12,000 veterans of the
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316:
in proportion of value and were authorised "to transplant such persons from the respective places of their usual habitation or residence, into such other places within that nation, as shall be judged most consistent with public safety."
380:. The vast majority of the population, outside the 6 counties that would later be partitioned into Northern Ireland, were expected to remain where they lived, and to continue as tenant farmers or servants under the new freeholders.
458:(after the Restoration) aimed to reduce its effect on Protestant and "innocent Catholics". This Act returned some lands to prominent Irish Royalists, but left most of the land confiscated from Irish Catholics in Protestant hands.
308:"manifested their constant good affection to the interest of the Commonwealth of England" lost three-quarters of their land. The Commissioners in Ireland had power to give them, in lieu thereof, other (poorer) lands in
440:
216:
Ten named leaders of the Royalist forces in Ireland, together with anyone who had participated in the Irish Rebellion's early stages and who had killed an Englishman other than in battle, lost their lives and estates.
426:"for the Assuring, Confirming and Settling of lands and estates in Ireland" ratified previous decrees, judgments, grants and instructions made or given by the various officers and councils in applying the 1652 Act.
123:
allocated to the native Irish after expulsion from their lands. Note that all islands were "cleared of Irish" and a belt one mile wide around the coastline was reserved for English settlers.
571:'August 1652: An Act for the Setling of Ireland.', in Acts and Ordinances of the Interregnum, 1642-1660, ed. C H Firth and R S Rait (London, 1911), pp. 598-603. British History Online
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The reality was that a landowner and his family might be dispossessed and awarded land in Connacht, and be obliged to live there, generally as a tenant farmer. An example was
333:
In Irish popular memory of the Cromwellian Plantation, the Commonwealth is said to have declared that all the Catholic Irish must go "to Hell or to Connaught", west of the
285:
The list does not recognise many of the titles created by Charles I and Charles II, such as James Butler's Marquessate of Ormond, created on 30 August 1633
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the Royalists in the later stages of the war. However, this was reversed in 1654, and it was ruled that the plantation would apply to Catholics only.
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plantations belonging to British colonialists. One of the best known islands the Irish flocked to when their period of indenture came to an end was
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who had served in Ireland, much of which was also resold. Decisions on confiscations and awards were based on mapping and data in the
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179:. The Rump Parliament had a large independent Dissenter membership who strongly empathised with the plight of the settlers of the
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Americans Knocking at Freedom'S Door: The Uniquely American Heritage of Religious Freedoms and Government of and by the People
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650:"Rather the region was chosen out of exaggerated respect for the impermeability of the Shannon line". Lenihan p141
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propaganda, so the Act was also a retribution against those Irish Catholics who had started or prolonged the war.
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wrote that the Act and associated forced movements represented "perhaps the greatest exercise in
792:"Montserrat -- the island in the Caribbean where St Patrick's Day is a holiday - Independent.ie"
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transplantation, particularly in Ulster, is often cited as an early modern example of
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The Concise Encyclopedia of the Revolutions and Wars of England, Scotland 1639–1660
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http://www.british-history.ac.uk/no-series/acts-ordinances-interregnum/pp598-603
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The Act made a distinction between the rebels of 1641 – who were deemed
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Padraig Lenihan, Consolidating Conquest, Ireland 1603–1727, p 135-136
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Act of Settlement 1652, paragraphs I and II, text in 'notes' section.
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211:— Act for the Settlement of Ireland 1652 Part of Preamble
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Also money to pay for the wars had been raised under the 1642
163:. The conquest was deemed necessary as Royalist supporters of
292:– as against those who had fought in the regular armies of
716:"Cromwellian Act Of Settlement 1652 - History of Ireland"
611:"Cromwellian Act of Settlement 1652 - History of Ireland"
349:
Some Irish prisoners were forcibly sent on ships to the
171:(the confederation formed by Irish Catholics during the
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Act for the Settlement of Ireland 1652. Paragraph IV
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Act for the Settlement of Ireland 1652. Paragraph II
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Act for the Settlement of Ireland 1652. Paragraph I
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660:Smith-DeBoe, Bernie Lee (Yoder) (5 August 2016).
853:, , vol. 2, London: H. M. Stationery Office
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183:, who had suffered greatly at the start of the
273:Theobald Taaffe, 1st Viscount Taaffe of Corren
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187:and whose suffering had been exaggerated by
155:of England, which had taken power after the
151:The Act was passed on 12 August 1652 by the
175:) and so were a threat to the newly formed
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850:The Acts and Ordinances of the Interregnum
135:and subsequent unrest. British historian
34:
27:English act after the 1641 Irish Rebellion
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1054:Counties of Meath and Westmeath Act 1543
279:Richard Butler, 3rd Viscount Mountgarret
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267:Donough MacCarty, 2nd Viscount Muskerry
246:Christopher Plunket, 2nd Earl of Fingal
1064:Act for the Settlement of Ireland 1652
236:James Touchet, 3rd Earl of Castlehaven
441:All Ordinances and Acts of Parliament
256:Richard Nugent, 2nd Earl of Westmeath
241:Ulick Bourke, 5th Earl of Clanricarde
7:
690:WALL STREETS INFECTED BY ARAB SPRING
261:Murrough O'Brien, Baron of Inchiquin
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1059:Settlement of Laois and Offaly 1556
251:James Dillon, 3rd Earl of Roscommon
736:Milton, Toleration, and Nationhood
548:Milton, Toleration, and Nationhood
208:blessing, be speedily effected ...
62:An Act for the Setling of Ireland.
25:
1679:Acts of the Parliament of England
733:Sauer, Elizabeth (23 June 2014).
545:Sauer, Elizabeth (23 June 2014).
231:James Butler, 12th Earl of Ormond
1647:
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372:, whose parents were moved from
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1001:Cromwellian conquest of Ireland
815:Stephen C. Manganiello (2004).
167:had allied themselves with the
161:Cromwellian conquest of Ireland
913:History of Ireland (1691–1800)
908:History of Ireland (1536–1691)
739:. Cambridge University Press.
551:. Cambridge University Press.
129:Act for the Setling of Ireland
1:
370:Thomas FitzGerald of Turlough
1709:Settlement schemes in Europe
1296:Dublin Castle administration
760:O Siochru, Micheal (2008).
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1699:Ethnic cleansing in Europe
996:Wars of the Three Kingdoms
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400:Wars of the Three Kingdoms
390:The Cromwellian Plantation
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32:United Kingdom legislation
1621:British Empire portal
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1049:Crown of Ireland Act 1542
941:Tudor conquest of Ireland
903:Timeline of Irish history
749:– via Google Books.
714:Donnchadha, Pádraig Mac.
703:– via Google Books.
676:– via Google Books.
561:– via Google Books.
447:as they had not received
169:Confederation of Kilkenny
143:in early modern Europe."
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1674:Irish constitutional law
1315:Privy Council of Ireland
157:Second English Civil War
119:Map of land west of the
1342:Court of Castle Chamber
1021:Irish Rebellion of 1798
1011:Williamite–Jacobite War
986:Irish Rebellion of 1641
329:To Hell or to Connaught
302:Irish Rebellion of 1641
185:Irish Rebellion of 1641
133:Irish Rebellion of 1641
1376:Trinity College Dublin
1371:Grand Lodge of Ireland
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1069:Act of Settlement 1662
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966:Plantations of Ireland
956:Reformation in Ireland
847:; Rait, R. S. (1911),
845:Firth, Charles Harding
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585:Firth & Rait 1911
436:Restoration (Ireland)
404:Adventurers' Act 1640
378:Turlough, County Mayo
165:Charles II of England
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321:executed was small.
177:English Commonwealth
1381:Order of St Patrick
1203:Mac William ĂŤochtar
980:Flight of the Earls
931:Lordship of Ireland
819:, Scarecrow Press,
445:English Restoration
394:In the next of the
376:to land granted in
355:indentured servants
294:Confederate Ireland
290:unlawful combatants
1633:Ireland portal
1411:Catholic Committee
1347:Peerage of Ireland
1155:Clann Aodha Buidhe
1089:Acts of Union 1800
961:Desmond Rebellions
889:Kingdom of Ireland
687:Dr, STEVE ESOMBA.
422:In June 1657, the
353:where they became
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1357:Church of Ireland
1219:Bréifne Uà Ruairc
777:978-0-571-24121-7
763:God's Executioner
720:www.yourirish.com
414:made in 1655–56.
181:Ulster Plantation
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1336:Common Pleas
1324:King's Bench
1235:TĂr Chonaill
1195:Deasmhumhain
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1684:1652 in law
1653:WikiProject
1601:(1760–1800)
1593:(1727–1760)
1585:(1714–1727)
1577:(1702–1714)
1569:(1689–1694)
1562:(1689–1702)
1559:William III
1554:(1685–1691)
1546:(1660–1685)
1538:(1659–1660)
1530:(1658–1659)
1522:(1653–1658)
1514:(1649–1653)
1504:(1625–1649)
1496:(1603–1625)
1488:(1558–1603)
1485:Elizabeth I
1480:(1554–1558)
1477:jure uxoris
1468:(1553–1558)
1452:(1547–1553)
1444:(1542–1547)
1320:Four Courts
1289:and society
1251:Fear Manach
1243:TĂr Eoghain
1147:UĂ DĂarmata
1131:Clanricarde
946:New English
412:Down Survey
351:West Indies
96:Repealed by
1668:Categories
1598:George III
1543:Charles II
1441:Henry VIII
1434:and rulers
1361:Ascendancy
1259:Uà Catháin
1163:Magh Luirg
1139:UĂ Failghe
1079:Popery Act
1074:Penal Laws
1037:Parliament
1015:Wild Geese
1005:Barbadosed
924:and events
587:, p.
532:References
430:Mitigation
384:Plantation
363:Montserrat
359:sugar cane
189:Protestant
147:Background
58:Long title
1590:George II
1501:Charles I
1449:Edward VI
1406:Defenders
1386:Jacobites
1365:Recusancy
1328:Exchequer
1275:Uà Mháine
1227:Cairbrigh
1171:AirgĂalla
1115:UĂ Echach
1100:conquests
339:Connaught
1643:Category
1582:George I
1551:James II
1431:Monarchs
1332:Chancery
1287:Politics
1035:Acts of
801:11 March
519:—
507:—
492:—
462:See also
310:Connacht
202:Preamble
82:Repealed
1566:Mary II
1493:James I
1187:Umhaill
922:General
896:History
838:Sources
1564:&
1472:Philip
1470:&
1465:Mary I
1396:Tories
1363:&
1278:(1611)
1270:(1607)
1262:(1607)
1254:(1607)
1246:(1607)
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1222:(1605)
1214:(1603)
1211:Laigin
1206:(1602)
1198:(1596)
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1182:(1589)
1174:(1585)
1166:(1585)
1158:(1574)
1150:(1574)
1142:(1550)
1134:(1544)
1126:(1543)
1123:LoĂgis
1118:(1543)
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1098:Gaelic
970:Ulster
829:p. 401
823:
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697:
670:
555:
502:Jesuit
1391:Whigs
474:Notes
402:(see
67:Dates
1574:Anne
1352:Army
1334:and
1307:and
821:ISBN
803:2016
772:ISBN
741:ISBN
695:ISBN
668:ISBN
553:ISBN
127:The
85:1662
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357:on
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