173:(DEIS) for its Cross Harbor Freight Program. It reviewed four waterborne and four tunnel alternatives. Estimated costs for the waterborne alternatives ranged from $ 95 to 190 million, and from $ 7 to 11 billion for the tunnel alternatives. On September 25, 2015, the Tier 1 Final Environmental Impact Statement was released, which narrowed the alternatives to two, an enhanced railcar float operation and a basic rail tunnel, both between New Jersey and Brooklyn. A phased plan starting with building the enhanced car float was proposed.
738:
million tons per year vs 9.6), its costs are dramatically less, $ 175 million vs. $ 7.2 billion. The EIS recommends a phased approach, starting by building enhanced float service for carload freight, adding capacity for intermodal traffic, developing needed intermodal facilities on Long Island and finally planning and building the rail freight tunnel.
799:
Although the Cross-Harbor tunnel terminal site is close to two major highways and existing rail, many access routes pass through residential neighborhoods. Based on the estimates of the rail tunnel's capacity, traffic to and from the site could reach thousands of truck trips per day. However, most of
692:
have been reduced to single-track width or were never wider and are in deteriorating condition due to their little use and maintenance. Nearly all track segments lack enough clearance above the tracks for the envisaged double-stacked container cars. Such factors limit the effective capacity of a rail
737:
The Final Tier I Draft
Environmental Impact Statement recommends further study of two alternatives: enhanced rail float operations and the most basic rail tunnel among the tunnel alternatives. While the rail float alternative is expected to produce less freight tonnage diversion than the tunnel (2.8
475:
and the New York City
Economic Development Corporation, while the Cross-Harbor Tunnel Coalition is a voluntary organization of business, union and political leaders. Political activity led to authorization of $ 100 million for a Cross Harbor Rail Freight Tunnel as a federal transportation project in
176:
In early May 2017, the Port
Authority issued a Request for Proposals (RFP) for a “Tier II” Environmental Impact Study of the rail tunnel and enhanced railcar float alternatives. A $ 23.7 million, three-year contract for the Tier II study was awarded in early 2018. The Tier II study was suspended
762:
In July 2017, the Port
Authority announced it had allocated $ 35 million to the study of the tunnel suitable for freight. In February 2018, the Port Authority awarded a $ 23.7 million contract to Cross Harbor Partners, a joint venture of STV Incorporated and AKRF Inc., to develop a Tier II
424:. It estimated a pair of tunnels between Jersey City and Brooklyn to cost $ 2.15 billion, not including track connections or track improvements. Despite the length of the tunnels being considered, up to 17,000 ft (5,182 m) under water, the study found that providing enough
515:
The waterborne options include enhanced rail float operations, going beyond what the improvements the Port
Authority has already committed to, and four options involve transporting trucks or shipping containers across the harbor by boat. The latter group includes
818:
study, published in 2011, pointed out that "no current demand for a containerized truck-rail facility has yet been demonstrated" on Long Island, in part because long-distance trucks, including intermodal containers, generally must be unloaded at major
488:
The 2014 Tier 1 Draft
Environmental Impact Study (DEIS) considered 29 alternatives and selected ten for further study, including five tunnel options and five waterborne options. The tunnel options considered include the following:
791:
operated a copper refinery for decades. The copper plant closed in 1983, and the site has been largely vacant since then, although a new food warehouse was completed at its eastern end in 2005. It abuts the heavily polluted
1065:
454:
Following the feasibility and environmental studies, two organizations were formed to plan and promote a tunnel project and to seek government funding. They are the Cross Harbor
Freight Movement Project, hosted by the
753:
costing up to $ 10 billion. "It's hard for me to imagine, given the competing demands for the federal government fund for other projects, that it would commit to funding at a cost on that order of magnitude."
1115:"SAYS ROADS BLOCK PORT UNIFICATION; Van Buskirk Discusses Authority's Project Before JerseyCity Kiwanians.EXPLAINS BELT LINE PLANCommissioner Indicates That NoParticular Rall Line Can LongPrevent the Work"
900:
1670:
380:
and a municipal waste facility, but there are no rail connections between Staten Island and the rest of New York City or Long Island. Manhattan last saw freight service in 1983. The
697:
with enough capacity to transfer the freight coming through a Cross-Harbor Rail Tunnel to trucks. A proposal was generated to acquire 100 acres (40 ha) of land to build one in
1562:
688:
During the environmental assessment, existing rail infrastructure was surveyed for compatibility with a Cross-Harbor Rail Tunnel. Parts of the existing trackage need repair. Some
1943:
268:, but today's passenger and commuter traffic frequencies are at capacity and preclude freight movements. Proposals for a cross-harbor tunnel were floated as early as the 1920s.
1072:
1963:
807:
or other railroad uses and to the noise and vibration expected from passage of up to 1,600 rail cars per day. Reacting to these criticisms, in March 2005 New York City Mayor
451:
construction. Ventilation was confirmed as practical and found unlikely to present greater hazards than fumes from trucks that would otherwise be used to transport freight.
1624:
1973:
1693:
811:
announced that he opposed the rail tunnel project. However, in early July 2007, Mayor
Bloomberg told Rep. Nadler he would be willing to take another look at the plan.
467:, and the Cross-Harbor Tunnel Coalition, also known as "MoveNYNJ" or "Move NY & NJ". The Cross Harbor Freight Movement Project is supported by funds from the U.S.
645:
New York Harbor area, showing locations of facilities proposed for a Cross-Harbor Rail Tunnel. Railroad lines are red and orange, major highways are purple and black.
1958:
1911:
440:
288:
1968:
1938:
1840:
1761:
1399:
841:
subway service connecting The Bronx, Queens and
Brooklyn, potentially interfering with the right-of-way's use for rail freight. A feasibility study for the
245:
in 1893, but the project was never carried out. Attempts by government planners to revive the project from the 1920s through the 1940s did not succeed. The
957:
1933:
296:
1005:
932:
The diameter of a two-lane tube for the
Holland Tunnel is slightly less than the diameter for a tube with one rail line in a Cross-Harbor Rail Tunnel.
362:
246:
166:
1953:
1247:
1928:
272:
1948:
837:
The proposed "MoveNY" transportation plan would use right-of-way needed for the tunnel project, including the Bay Ridge branch, to build a new
1542:
642:
283:
revived interest in direct connection of rail freight to Long Island, hoping to reduce truck traffic through Manhattan. With support from the
1678:
1045:
1716:
894:
385:
1482:
823:
which typically serve an entire metropolitan area. Few such distribution centers are located on Long Island. The study also noted that
178:
1628:
1605:
1090:
1202:
982:
745:
expressed doubts about the freight rail tunnel alternative in light of competing demands on Port Authority resources, including the
779:
facility has been heavily criticized. It is proposed for an industrial site about four blocks south of the interchange between the
1643:
1270:
373:
206:
1136:
472:
389:
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and $ 1 million from the New York City Industrial Development Agency. Edwards and Kelcey, a transportation engineering firm in
218:
147:
1701:
874:
468:
170:
1515:
884:
868:
358:
1449:
377:
1860:
1294:
1026:
845:
project, which would implement part of the Triboro RX route, indicated that both projects could potentially co-exist.
815:
750:
650:
460:
284:
1369:
1316:
633:
Only the enhanced rail float and the basic rail tunnel options were selected in the Final EIS for Tier II analysis.
1586:
784:
425:
1802:
1407:
965:
890:
780:
477:
341:
railroad (NYA), which operates on LIRR tracks and carries about 30,000 carloads each year. The NYA connects with
1154:
865:, proposed passenger rail service between Brooklyn and Queens that would use existing rail freight right of way
788:
714:
710:
506:
330:
307:
1346:
1878:
689:
413:
326:
1780:"At first this video might make you want to leave New York. But the end will make you want to stay forever"
432:
300:
136:
1779:
1255:
499:
Rail tunnel with "Chunnel" service patterned after the truck movement system used on the England-France
337:, the busiest commuter railroad in North America. Rail freight service on Long Island is provided by the
1722:. CUNY Institute for Urban Systems University Transportation Research Center. p. 22. Archived from
1114:
669:
533:
The DEIS Executive Summary (Table ES-6) lists the following costs and benefits for the various options:
448:
368:
The New York City boroughs of the Bronx and Staten Island have active rail freight connections, via the
338:
334:
250:
234:
233:." Partly as a result, less than 3% by weight of the area's freight is said to move by rail. The former
803:
Spokespersons for neighborhoods in Brooklyn and Queens strongly object to land being designated for a
1869:
906:
862:
842:
657:
376:, respectively. The latter connects Staten Island with rail lines west of the Hudson, and serves the
311:
303:, was hired to study the feasibility of alternative approaches to increased rail access for freight.
20:
1176:
529:
Roll on roll off (RORO) – a vessel designed to allow wheeled trucks or trailers to be driven onboard
317:
The proposed tunnel would primarily serve Long Island, which includes the New York City boroughs of
849:
820:
310:
planners, who believed such a rail connection would reduce truck traffic on the heavily congested
677:
436:
342:
143:
1723:
1489:
1902:
808:
295:. The Cross Harbor Freight Movement Major Investment Study received $ 4 million from the U.S.
222:
1206:
693:
tunnel and will add substantial cost to overcome. Rail yards east of New York Harbor lack a
673:
641:
354:
346:
226:
749:
passenger rail tunnel under the Hudson, which is estimated to cost $ 20 billion, and a new
404:
In its summer 2000 report, Edwards and Kelcey evaluated proposals for rail tunnels between
1873:
1609:
1140:
1097:
800:
those trucks already travel through those highways to use the existing bridge connection.
776:
746:
698:
665:
421:
357:
in the Greenville section of Jersey City, NJ, via a cross harbor float barge service, the
292:
271:
254:
1883:
990:
201:
have long been limited. At present, freight trains from the west and south destined for
1647:
772:
742:
500:
393:
381:
369:
350:
280:
230:
151:
118:
1827:
Interborough Express (IBX)—Feasibility Study and Alternatives Analysis, Interim Report
1277:
834:
Concern has been expressed about the project's impact on Port Authority toll revenue.
1922:
804:
793:
763:
Environmental Impact Statement. The Tier II process is expected to take three years.
694:
660:
favored for a Cross-Harbor Rail Tunnel is between portals (access points) located in
444:
409:
242:
202:
198:
159:
775:
with a tunnel would provide little traffic reduction relative to its high cost. The
464:
214:
190:
1519:
1370:"Cross Harbor Tunnel receives significant funding in federal transportation bill"
718:
275:
Upper New York Harbor, showing the route of a proposed Cross-Harbor Rail Tunnel.
258:
210:
194:
155:
90:
58:
1563:"With Gateway in limbo, Port Authority pushes ahead on separate tunnel project"
1456:
838:
828:
265:
1430:
447:
construction would be environmentally more hazardous and more expensive than
1302:
878:
417:
262:
69:
831:
is used, as it is on much of the Long Island Rail Road's passenger routes.
1377:
1096:. Pennsylvania Railroad Technical & Historical Society. Archived from
1006:"RFP to study Cross-Harbor Rail Freight Tunnel connecting NJ and Brooklyn"
649:
The proposed Cross-Harbor Rail Tunnel tubes would be large enough to take
1324:
1228:
824:
726:
653:
456:
405:
333:
counties, with a combined population of 7.7 million. It is served by the
318:
238:
1590:
1066:"The development of the New York Cross Harbor Freight Movement Project"
661:
1826:
1481:
Dredged Material Management Interagency Workgroup (February 5, 2003).
705:. Studies performed for the Cross-Harbor Rail Tunnel say about 30,000
511:
Rail and truck tunnel shared 12 hours for trucks and 12 hours for rail
1910:
1803:"Hochul unveils more details about Interborough Express in new study"
1450:"Long-Awaited Cross-Harbor Rail Tunnel Environmental Report Released"
722:
702:
443:
commissioned an environmental assessment. This assessment found that
322:
139:
1717:"NYSDOT Consideration of Potential Intermodal Sites for Long Island"
1162:
1762:"Port Authority Cross Harbor Freight Could Impact Future Revenues"
1543:"The $ 7.4B freight tunnel that could ease tri-state area traffic"
1354:
881:(rail barge transport) operation between Jersey City and Brooklyn.
706:
306:
The idea of a cross-harbor rail tunnel also received support from
1587:"New York harbor rail tunnel pushed with special truck toll tax"
1276:. New York City Economic Development Corporation. Archived from
1406:. The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. Archived from
1027:"NY/NJ Cross Harbor Freight Program Enters Second Review Phase"
526:
Lift on lift off (LOLO) – lifting containers on and off a barge
983:"Cross Harbor Freight Program: CHFP final Tier 1 EIS Document"
656:. According to the Cross Harbor Freight Movement Project, the
435:
issues that were key elements in the 1985 cancellation of the
392:
and the elevated portion south of 30th street converted into
901:
Rail freight transportation in New York City and Long Island
1787:
1046:"EIS to resume on long-delayed Cross-HarborFreight Program"
221:
which is 140 miles (225 km) north of New York City at
1866:
903:, overview of historic and existing operations in the area
1180:
1627:. Queens, NY: Ridgewood Times Newsweekly. Archived from
958:"Cross Harbor Freight Program: CHFP Tier 1 EIS Document"
1898:
1893:
1715:
Paaswell, Robert E.; Eickemeyer, Penny (June 9, 2011).
1518:. Cross Harbor Freight Movement Project. Archived from
871:, the current freight railroad operator on Long Island.
229:, making a 280-mile (451 km) detour known as the "
1271:"Cross Harbor Freight Movement Major Investment Study"
1248:"West Side Freight Line into Manhattan: The High Line"
1155:"NYCEDC - New York City Industrial Development Agency"
733:
2015 Final Tier I Draft Environmental Impact Statement
388:
in 1991, with the West Side freight yards replaced by
16:
Proposed freight route between New York and New Jersey
1671:"Mayor Bloomberg Opposes Cross Harbor Freight Tunnel"
291:
commissioned a study of rail freight traffic across
1884:
Final Environmental Impact Statement September 2015
1644:"Freight Lines: New Yorkers hear tunnel objections"
1488:. NY/NJ Clean Ocean And Shore Trust. Archived from
1455:. Tri-State Transportation Campaign. Archived from
1071:. Toronto, ON: Hatch Mott Macdonald. Archived from
89:
81:
76:
65:
54:
46:
38:
33:
1747:
1608:. Metropolitan Waterfront Alliance. Archived from
1561:
496:Rail tunnel with shuttle service from Pennsylvania
428:to operate diesel locomotives would be practical.
952:
950:
948:
384:was partially converted to passenger service to
1646:. National Corridors Initiative. Archived from
1376:. Cross-Harbor Tunnel Coalition. Archived from
1912:Template:Attached KML/Cross-Harbor Rail Tunnel
1514:Cross Harbor Freight Movement Project (2004).
680:, with a length of 5.7 mi (9.2 km).
289:New York City Economic Development Corporation
1606:"Planning Industrial Futures in West Maspeth"
1137:"HR 2784, New York Harbor Tunnel Act of 1993"
852:has come out forcefully against the project.
85:30,000 ft (9.1 km) portal-to-portal
8:
1944:Rail freight transportation in New York City
1059:
1057:
1055:
1021:
1019:
977:
975:
564:Construction cost (millions of 2012 dollars)
28:
459:, a construction firm in New York City and
441:New York City Industrial Development Agency
400:Feasibility and environmental issue studies
1964:Proposed railway lines in New York (state)
1448:Orcutt, Jon; Slevin, Kate (May 17, 2004).
615:Shipper savings (millions of 2012 dollars)
353:in the Bronx. It also connects to CSX and
237:planned a freight railroad tunnel between
27:
1974:Proposed railway tunnels in North America
1915:
848:Former executive director of the PANYNJ,
363:Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
247:Pennsylvania Tunnel and Terminal Railroad
167:Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
1863:Several planning documents at this site.
787:(I-278), where Nichols Copper and later
676:in Brooklyn, crossing the middle of the
640:
535:
279:In the early 1990s, U.S. Representative
270:
1841:"Needed: A new attack on truck traffic"
1589:. Toll Roads Newsletter. Archived from
1089:Baer, Christopher T., ed. (June 2004).
944:
925:
729:, or about 10 million trucks per year.
598:Reduction in cross harbor truck traffic
257:, were used briefly for freight during
1541:Strunsky, Steve (September 25, 2015).
909:, a subway extension abandoned in 1925
181:, but was restarted in February 2022.
1959:Proposed tunnels in the United States
1861:Cross Harbor Freight Movement Project
1139:. Library of Congress. Archived from
1044:Gerberer, Raanan (February 9, 2022).
484:2014 Draft Environmental Impact Study
7:
1969:Proposed railway lines in New Jersey
1939:Tunnels in Hudson County, New Jersey
1867:U.S. Federal Railroad Administration
1692:Colangelo, Lisa L. (July 10, 2007).
1675:Queens Chronicle, Mid-Queens Edition
1585:Samuel, Peter (September 29, 2004).
1516:"Brief History of Cross Harbor Rail"
1233:Anacostia & Pacific Company, Inc
825:standard double stack rail equipment
1604:Stockstill, Laura (March 3, 2005).
1295:"The Port Authority of NY & NJ"
827:is too wide to run on tracks where
771:Some critics object that improving
581:Freight diversion (million tons/yr)
205:(except for Staten Island, via the
1801:Duggan, Kevin (January 20, 2022).
1760:Coen, Andrew (November 26, 2014).
1694:"Dig it! Bloomy waffles on tunnel"
1431:"Holland Tunnel historic overview"
1368:McGregor, Marnie (July 29, 2005).
887:, the current car float operation.
14:
1934:Railroad tunnels in New York City
1623:McKay, Rob (September 30, 2004).
158:, including southern and eastern
19:For the tunnel in Hong Kong, see
1669:Cargin, David (March 10, 2005).
1625:"Rally Rips Freight Tunnel Plan"
1560:Geiger, Daniel (July 14, 2017).
374:Arthur Kill Vertical Lift Bridge
207:Arthur Kill Vertical Lift Bridge
133:Cross Harbor Rail Freight Tunnel
1954:Port of New York and New Jersey
1347:"Cross-Harbor Tunnel Coalition"
1229:"New York and Atlantic Railway"
473:Federal Railroad Administration
219:Alfred H. Smith Memorial Bridge
148:Port of New York and New Jersey
1929:Railroad tunnels in New Jersey
1839:Ward, Chris (April 21, 2021).
1748:Paaswell & Eickemeyer 2011
1642:King, Leo (December 6, 2004).
875:New York Cross Harbor Railroad
469:Federal Highway Administration
171:Environmental Impact Statement
1:
1949:Crossings of the Hudson River
885:New York New Jersey Rail, LLC
869:New York and Atlantic Railway
668:in Jersey City and along the
359:New York New Jersey Rail, LLC
261:to relieve congestion at the
1698:Daily News, City Hall Bureau
1404:Cross Harbor Freight Program
378:Howland Hook Marine Terminal
297:Department of Transportation
1566:. Crain's New York Business
1064:Mainwaring, Gareth (2002).
1004:Frost, Mary (May 8, 2017).
893:, the passenger tunnels to
816:City University of New York
751:Port Authority Bus Terminal
1990:
1700:. New York. Archived from
1400:"CHFP Tier 1 EIS Document"
1269:Carey, Michael G. (2000).
785:Brooklyn-Queens Expressway
717:going to or from parts of
308:Connecticut transportation
253:, generally used only for
18:
1872:November 3, 2006, at the
891:New York Tunnel Extension
507:Automated Guided Vehicles
478:Transportation Equity Act
412:and between Brooklyn and
361:, currently owned by the
1429:Anderson, Steve (2006).
1135:Nadler, Jerrold (1993).
741:Port Authority Chairman
715:Verrazano Narrows Bridge
711:George Washington Bridge
349:to CSX Transportation's
197:and nearby areas of the
169:released a Tier 1 Draft
129:Cross-Harbor Rail Tunnel
29:Cross-Harbor Rail Tunnel
805:trans-shipment terminal
695:trans-shipment terminal
189:Direct connections for
152:northeastern New Jersey
1681:on September 27, 2007.
1593:on September 28, 2007.
1203:"Connecticut Turnpike"
781:Long Island Expressway
646:
382:West Side freight line
276:
165:In November 2014, the
137:freight rail transport
1031:Maritime Professional
968:on September 6, 2018.
895:New York Penn Station
670:Long Island Rail Road
644:
339:New York and Atlantic
335:Long Island Rail Road
274:
251:New York Penn Station
235:Pennsylvania Railroad
1916:KML is from Wikidata
1462:on November 10, 2005
1410:on November 29, 2014
1299:crossharborstudy.com
1177:"Edwards and Kelcey"
1124:. November 24, 1922.
1010:Brooklyn Daily Eagle
907:Staten Island Tunnel
863:Interborough Express
843:Interborough Express
821:distribution centers
684:Other infrastructure
431:Probably mindful of
386:Pennsylvania Station
312:Connecticut Turnpike
21:Cross-Harbour Tunnel
1845:New York Daily News
1829:, MTA, January 2022
1729:on October 17, 2011
1522:on February 6, 2007
1495:on November 8, 2005
1317:"Corporate Offices"
1305:on August 12, 2004.
1165:on August 13, 2006.
1033:. February 9, 2018.
850:Christopher O. Ward
576:$ 7,815 – $ 10,875
420:of railcars across
209:), Long Island and
131:(also known as the
30:
1790:on March 23, 2015.
1631:on March 14, 2005.
1258:on March 12, 2016.
1143:on August 5, 2012.
1122:The New York Times
1078:on April 13, 2005.
709:per day cross the
647:
573:$ 6,927 – $ 10,790
343:CSX Transportation
277:
144:Upper New York Bay
72:Brooklyn, New York
1704:on July 12, 2007.
1612:on June 23, 2006.
1357:on June 17, 2006.
1327:on April 28, 2006
1283:on June 13, 2003.
1048:. Brooklyn Eagle.
993:on June 23, 2016.
809:Michael Bloomberg
631:
630:
505:Rail tunnel with
416:, plus increased
125:
124:
1981:
1906:
1849:
1848:
1836:
1830:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1786:. Archived from
1776:
1770:
1769:
1757:
1751:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1728:
1721:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1677:. Archived from
1666:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1650:on April 6, 2006
1639:
1633:
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1620:
1614:
1613:
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1469:
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1461:
1454:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1437:. Eastern Roads.
1426:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1380:on June 20, 2006
1374:Move NY & NJ
1365:
1359:
1358:
1353:. Archived from
1351:Move NY & NJ
1343:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1323:. Archived from
1313:
1307:
1306:
1301:. Archived from
1291:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1275:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1254:. Archived from
1243:
1237:
1236:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1209:on June 24, 2007
1205:. Archived from
1199:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1179:. Archived from
1173:
1167:
1166:
1161:. Archived from
1151:
1145:
1144:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1119:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1103:on May 20, 2011.
1102:
1095:
1091:"PRR Chronology"
1086:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1070:
1061:
1050:
1049:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1023:
1014:
1013:
1001:
995:
994:
989:. Archived from
979:
970:
969:
964:. Archived from
954:
933:
930:
783:(I-495) and the
674:Bay Ridge Branch
536:
355:Norfolk Southern
347:Hell Gate Bridge
255:passenger trains
249:tunnels through
135:) is a proposed
121:
115:
111:
109:
108:
104:
101:
31:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1978:
1919:
1918:
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1914:
1909:
1908:
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1891:
1874:Wayback Machine
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1852:
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1483:"Meeting Notes"
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1252:kinglyheirs.com
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1183:on May 18, 2006
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858:
769:
760:
758:Tier II efforts
747:Gateway Project
735:
686:
666:Greenville Yard
639:
558:
553:
548:
543:
486:
422:New York Harbor
418:barge transport
402:
390:Riverside South
293:New York Harbor
285:City government
263:barge transport
213:must cross the
187:
179:COVID-19 crisis
117:
113:
106:
102:
99:
97:
96:4 ft
95:
50:New York Harbor
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1855:External links
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370:Oak Point Link
351:Oak Point Yard
301:Morristown, NJ
281:Jerrold Nadler
231:Selkirk hurdle
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119:standard gauge
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114:1,435 mm
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1810:. Retrieved
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1796:
1788:the original
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1733:December 19,
1731:. Retrieved
1724:the original
1710:
1702:the original
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1679:the original
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1629:the original
1618:
1610:the original
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1591:the original
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1524:. Retrieved
1520:the original
1509:
1497:. Retrieved
1490:the original
1476:
1464:. Retrieved
1457:the original
1443:
1435:NYCRoads.com
1434:
1424:
1414:November 29,
1412:. Retrieved
1408:the original
1403:
1394:
1382:. Retrieved
1378:the original
1373:
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1355:the original
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1341:
1329:. Retrieved
1325:the original
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1311:
1303:the original
1298:
1289:
1278:the original
1264:
1256:the original
1251:
1241:
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1223:
1213:September 9,
1211:. Retrieved
1207:the original
1197:
1185:. Retrieved
1181:the original
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1163:the original
1158:
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1141:the original
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1098:the original
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847:
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813:
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798:
789:Phelps Dodge
777:West Maspeth
770:
761:
740:
736:
721:, including
699:West Maspeth
687:
678:Upper Harbor
648:
632:
570:$ 95 – $ 190
532:
514:
487:
465:Pennsylvania
453:
449:bored tunnel
430:
403:
367:
316:
305:
278:
215:Hudson River
191:rail freight
188:
175:
164:
132:
128:
126:
61:, New Jersey
25:
1812:January 21,
719:Long Island
523:Truck ferry
520:Truck float
493:Rail tunnel
471:, the U.S.
426:ventilation
414:Jersey City
325:as well as
259:World War I
211:Connecticut
195:Long Island
177:during the
156:Long Island
91:Track gauge
59:Jersey City
1923:Categories
987:panynj.gov
962:panynj.gov
915:References
839:Triboro RX
829:third rail
637:Facilities
557:Rail+truck
549:waterborne
544:rail float
217:using the
1807:amNewYork
1321:STV Group
940:Citations
879:car float
767:Criticism
658:alignment
607:2% – 3.7%
480:of 2005.
476:the U.S.
457:STV Group
77:Technical
70:Bay Ridge
1894:KML file
1870:Archived
1570:July 20,
856:See also
727:Brooklyn
713:and the
621:< $ 1
590:7.2–10.5
542:Enhanced
406:Brooklyn
372:and the
345:via the
319:Brooklyn
239:Brooklyn
227:New York
193:between
150:between
110: in
42:Proposed
34:Overview
1654:May 20,
1526:May 20,
1499:May 20,
1466:May 20,
1384:May 20,
1331:May 20,
1187:May 20,
662:Conrail
587:0.3–1.7
584:0.5–2.8
554:tunnels
437:Westway
331:Suffolk
223:Selkirk
185:History
146:in the
105:⁄
47:Crosses
1784:MoveNY
1547:nj.com
723:Queens
707:trucks
703:Queens
627:$ 636
539:Metric
327:Nassau
323:Queens
287:, the
142:under
140:tunnel
82:Length
39:Status
1727:(PDF)
1720:(PDF)
1493:(PDF)
1486:(PDF)
1460:(PDF)
1453:(PDF)
1281:(PDF)
1274:(PDF)
1118:(PDF)
1101:(PDF)
1094:(PDF)
1076:(PDF)
1069:(PDF)
920:Notes
593:24.1
567:$ 142
547:Truck
266:docks
55:Start
1903:help
1899:edit
1814:2022
1735:2011
1656:2006
1572:2017
1528:2006
1501:2006
1468:2006
1416:2014
1386:2006
1333:2006
1215:2007
1189:2006
877:, a
725:and
604:0.8%
601:0.8%
552:Rail
408:and
329:and
321:and
241:and
154:and
127:The
672:'s
664:'s
610:8%
66:End
1925::
1901:•
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947:^
814:A
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116:)
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103:1
100:+
98:8
23:.
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