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112:. Difficult to construct neatly because of the geometry of the cross groins (usually elliptical in cross section), the groin vault required great skill in cutting stone to form a neat arris. This difficulty, in addition to the formwork required to create such constructions, led to the rib vault superseding the groin vault as the preferred solution for enclosing space in Gothic architecture.
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have studied the static stress forces of the groin vault design and validated the Romans' foresight in an efficient design to accomplish the multiple goals of minimum materials use, wide span of construction, ability to achieve lateral illumination, and avoidance of lateral stresses. A seminal modern
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The construction of a groin vault can be understood most simply by visualising two barrel vault sections at right angles merging to form a squarish unit. The resulting four ribs convey the stress loading to the four corners, or piers. The more complex groin vault is intrinsically a stronger design
258:, since the barrel vault structure must rest on long walls creating less stable lateral stress, whereas the groin vault design can direct stresses almost purely vertically on the piers. A common association of vaulting in cathedrals of the Middle Ages involves a
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and even earlier civilizations, the Romans developed the groin vault widely for applications in a variety of structures, some with significant span widths. The first groin vault in
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resemble groin vaults but introduce structural ribs running along the angles which carry much of the weight, making possible much greater variations of proportion.
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of groin vaults are pointed instead of round. In comparison with a barrel vault, a groin vault provides good economies of material and labor. The
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building reached its zenith then, and the groin vault was pursued aggressively for its ability to create strength, without massive
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some time between 241 and 197 BC, quite possibly in 223 BC. Their application of groin vaults to vast halls like the
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81:(the four diagonal edges formed along the points where the barrel vaults intersect), so the vault need only be
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614:, published by Arsenale Editrice, San Giovanni Lupatoto, Verona, Italy, November, 2001
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69:. The word "groin" refers to the edge between the intersecting vaults. Sometimes the
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A groin vault (with pointed Gothic profile) viewed from the underside, showing the
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formations; in addition, it provided the church architects a remedy for the dim
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inherent in the barrel vault design, since the barrel vault had to minimise
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While the barrel vault was more common than the groin vault in very early
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Schober, Hans (August 2006). "Berlin's recently completed
Hauptbahnhof".
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p. 94 in Boyd, T. D. 1978. "The Arch and Vault in Greek
Architecture",
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Plan of the vault from above showing resultant outward thrust.
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Understanding
Architecture: Its Elements, History and Meaning
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Discussion of the
Romanesque Conques, St. Faith Cathedral
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Architectural comparison of various types of arch design
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became highly influential in church architecture in the
127:, or at the ground floor level for the storerooms as at
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The construction method was particularly common on the
466:. 7th edn. London: Laurence King Publishing, p. 949.
561:
The Gothic
Enterprise: A Guide to Understanding the
88:Groin vault construction was first employed by the
8:
357:, ground floor rooms from the 14th century
360:All early Russian palaces, including the
100:. It was superseded by the more flexible
34:Renaissance groin vault in the church of
347:, Portugal, lateral aisles, 12th century
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452:
371:'s suburban estate of Naprudnoe, near
569:University of california Press (2003)
61:) is produced by the intersection at
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77:is concentrated along the groins or
219:Comparison with other vault designs
415:, California, 1968 now demolished.
25:
612:Florence: An Architectural Guide
419:Basilica Minore de San Sebastián
522:American Journal of Archaeology
511:, Lumina Press, Aberdeen (2005)
421:in Quiapo, Manila, Philippines.
318:Santa Maria Maggiore di Firenze
222:
635:New International Encyclopedia
593:, Westview Press, Boulder, CO
1:
195:to retain adequate strength.
151:was, however, constructed in
432:List of architectural vaults
409:Aztec Center San Diego State
324:, Italy, 11th-century church
262:of barrel vault design with
53:(also sometimes known as a
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536:Civil Engineering Magazine
509:History of Muchalls Castle
367:Church of St. Triphon at
328:Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio
309:Palatine Chapel in Aachen
629:"Groined Vaulting"
341:Old Cathedral of Coimbra
282:Santa Maria Maggiore at
462:and J. Fleming, (2009)
98:Romanesque architecture
36:Santa Maria dei Carmini
464:A World History of Art
395:, South Carolina, 1771
378:Three churches of the
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203:design is the largest
179:. The aspirations of
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266:of groined vaulting.
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85:at its four corners.
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27:Architectural feature
484:"Concise Britannica"
389:Exchange and Provost
200:structural engineers
391:(Provost Dungeon),
106:Gothic architecture
55:double barrel vault
295:Baths of Caracalla
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169:Baths of Caracalla
119:level, such as at
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653:Arches and vaults
559:Robert A. Scott,
507:C.Michael Hogan,
405:, Louisiana, 1838
385:, 1670s and 1680s
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16:(Redirected from
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486:. Archived from
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362:Palace of Facets
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492:. Retrieved
488:the original
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284:Guardiagrele
256:barrel vault
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209:Hauptbahnhof
197:
193:fenestration
189:illumination
143:, including
141:architecture
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121:Myres Castle
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63:right angles
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524:82, 83–100.
437:Tower house
403:New Orleans
305:Charlemagne
235:or 'groin'.
177:Middle Ages
110:Middle Ages
94:Carolingian
59:cross vault
47:groin vault
18:Cross-vault
494:2006-11-23
460:Honour, H.
448:References
393:Charleston
268:Rib vaults
173:Diocletian
165:frigidaria
102:rib vaults
566:Cathedral
413:San Diego
364:(1487–91)
264:transepts
157:Attalos I
647:Category
563:Medieval
426:See also
369:Ivan III
355:Scotland
322:Florence
274:Examples
205:European
185:buttress
161:Pergamon
155:by King
125:Scotland
117:basement
638:. 1905.
383:kremlin
375:, 1490s
345:Coimbra
313:Germany
288:Abruzzo
167:in the
135:History
83:abutted
79:arrises
65:of two
601:(1993)
597:
470:
380:Rostov
373:Moscow
213:Berlin
181:church
153:Delphi
149:Europe
90:Romans
75:thrust
71:arches
40:Venice
336:Italy
332:Milan
233:arris
145:Roman
595:ISBN
468:ISBN
299:Rome
260:nave
171:and
96:and
307:'s
286:in
211:in
159:of
123:in
104:of
57:or
49:or
38:in
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45:A
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20:)
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