Cross Bronx Expressway - Knowledge (XXG)

771: 566: 734: 942: 640: 884: 557:, which lay to the north, no cross-Bronx highway had been built up to this point. The report stated that the "Bronx Crosstown Highway", which would now connect on the east end to the Bronx–Whitestone Bridge (which had replaced the Clason Point Ferry), was "an essential part of a desirable highway pattern", taking traffic from the George Washington Bridge to Long Island and New England. The cost was estimated at $ 17 million, higher than most improvements because of the "topographical conditions, high land values, and heavily built-up areas". 730:

position as city construction coordinator if Lyons's alternative was approved. Moses also threatened to cancel federal funding for the entire project. After an acrimonious public hearing in April 1953, the Board of Estimate could not agree on whether to relocate the expressway along Crotona Park. State officials supported Moses's original plan, saying that the Crotona Park alternative would create "curves and reverse curves of sub-standard radius". Ultimately, the Board of Estimate approved Moses's original alignment that May.

762:, as well as an open cut that passed under five avenues. On April 27, 1960, another 1.2-mile (2 km) piece opened, taking the road west to Webster Avenue. Later that year, the westernmost 0.4 miles (0.64 km) of the expressway was closed to allow the completion of the Tremont section. The 0.6-mile (1 km) Tremont segment from Webster Avenue west to Jerome Avenue opened on February 10, 1961. By that time, all construction contracts for the remaining sections of the expressway had been awarded. 1032:) as being the worst intersection in the United States. In 2008, the expressway's exits included three out of the top four on the list, and four of the top five in 2007. Congestion is often exacerbated by the fact that large portions of the Cross Bronx Expressway does not meet modern Interstate standards, as well as the relative lack of arterial roads between the West Bronx and East Bronx. Large portions of the expressway do not have shoulders, so even minor breakdowns could cause congestion. A 2002 study by the 33: 1399: 161: 648:

bridges along the expressway. In addition, Frederick H. Zurmuhlen was supervising the construction of a bridge over Westchester Creek at a cost of $ 5,287,000; the ten-lane bridge was to supplement a surface-level span. Engineering firms Andrews & Clark and Hardesty & Hanover were hired to supervise the project later in 1949. A short segment near Bruckner Boulevard opened in 1950 and was the first part of the expressway to be completed.

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hosting meetings with local residents to determine how to reconnect neighborhoods that had been split during the expressway's construction. The state government planned to finalize the designs for the five new bridges by late 2024; at the time, the project was scheduled to take four years. Several environmental groups objected to the bridge replacement, saying that the state government had not solicited enough feedback from local residents.

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city and state governments were relocating residents in the expressway's path. The city and state started soliciting bids for construction contracts that December. Although the city and state planned to demolish 164 structures on the expressway's right-of-way, they were reluctant to raze all of the structures immediately because of a housing shortage in New York City. The city government was able to obtain this land through the

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Tunnel. The widening was finished by 1950, and the tunnel and interchange opened on May 5, 1952. Originally, there had not been any plans to construct an interchange with the Major Deegan Expressway, at the highway's western end, because of the area's steep topography and limited space. In December 1952, the city and state reached an agreement to finance the construction of an interchange at that site.

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land for the section between Anthony and Longfellow Avenues, despite continued opposition from Bronx residents. At the time, officials estimated that the central section of the expressway would cost $ 21 million. Of this cost, $ 8 million would be spent on acquiring the land and relocating 1,462 families. By 1956, the

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expressways. The first portion of the Cross Bronx Expressway had cost $ 34.6 million and was about 2 miles (3.2 km) long. The segment was six lanes wide; its original western end was at Rosedale Avenue, where ramps connected to the northbound Bronx River Parkway. A one-mile (1.5 km) western

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By early 1949, the first section of the expressway, between Olmstead Avenue and Westchester Creek, was not planned to be completed until 1951. The Gull Construction Company was contracted to build this segment in May 1949, and Rusciano & Sons was hired the same month to build the footings for six

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was a priority. Moreover, the expressway had to cross 113 streets, seven expressways and parkways (some of which were under construction), as well as numerous subway and train lines. The highway also passed by hundreds of utility, water and sewer lines, none of which could be interrupted. The highway

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was excavated, accommodating six 12-foot-wide (3.7 m) traffic lanes and four 10-foot-wide (3.0 m) cobblestone shoulders. This project proved to be one of the most difficult expressway projects at the time; construction required blasting through ridges, crossing valleys and redirecting small

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The 181st Street Bridge, and the ramps from the bridge to the existing 178th Street Tunnel and a new 179th Street Tunnel in Manhattan, were originally part of the Cross Bronx Expressway. In 1949, workers began widening the 181st Street Bridge, constructing the ramps, and excavating the 179th Street

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to describe the existing sections as a "road to nowhere". Although the Cross Bronx Expressway had been one of the first highways planned in New York City, it was estimated that the expressway would be the last project to be completed. In November 1954, the Board of Estimate voted unanimously to buy

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The state government hired the J. Kaufman Demolition Company in 1951 to raze structures on the right-of-way east of the Bronx River Parkway. By early 1953, part of the highway east of the Bronx River Parkway was also being constructed. The construction of this section required excavating underneath

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adopted a resolution the next month, asking the Board of Estimate to delay the relocations, which were scheduled to start that June. City officials said that only 55 families would be relocated in 1946 and that all existing residents would be relocated before construction started. By late 1947, the

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proposed the construction of a system of highways that would traverse the New York City area. The plan was to cost $ 800 million (equivalent to $ 13.6 billion in 2023), and, in February 1945, the city agreed to pay $ 60 million (equivalent to $ 805 million in 2023) of that cost.

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The 1929 Report on Highway Traffic Conditions and Proposed Traffic Relief Measures for the City of New York was the first citywide traffic study, classifying a number of projects that had been proposed by local interests. A "Cross-Bronx Route" along 161st and 163rd Streets was one of two proposed

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were to be constructed, connecting the George Washington Bridge and the Cross Bronx Expressway. The revised plans were announced in 1958. At the time, the Alexander Hamilton Bridge was planned to be completed in 1962, but the interchange with the Major Deegan would not open until two years after

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The Cross Bronx Expressway accounts for a large proportion of the Bronx's roadway pollution. Bronx residents are more likely to have asthma than residents of other boroughs, and a large portion of those are children. Because things like dust, pollution, and other allergens serve as factors for

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In late 2023, the U.S. government allocated $ 150 million for bus lanes, sidewalks, and bicycle lanes on parts of the Cross Bronx Expressway. This was part of a $ 258 million project to replace five bridges along the expressway. The following June, the New York state and city governments began

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in order to preserve 1,000 houses in the expressway's right-of-way. Under Lyons's plan, the highway would curve slightly southward and run along the northern edge of Crotona Park, creating a "kink" in the routing. Moses, who called Lyons's proposal "unreasonable", threatened to resign from his

639: 883: 874:, the author argues that Moses intentionally directed the expressway through this neighborhood, even though there was a more viable option only one block south. The expressway's construction displaced many residents, who generally were not relocated to adequate housing. 443:

at a partial interchange allowing eastbound vehicles to exit and westbound ones to enter. Northbound US 1 leaves the Cross Bronx Expressway at this exit. About 1.5 miles (2.4 km) later, the expressway has a pair of closely spaced interchanges for

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Many of the neighborhoods it runs through have been continually poor since its construction, partly due to the lowered property value caused by the expressway. This is partially responsible for the public opposition to many other planned expressways in

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Construction of the section between exits 3 and 2B began in early 1958, at which point the project's total cost had increased to $ 101 million. The most expensive part of the project was the 0.6-mile (0.97 km) segment between exits 2B and 2A in

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found that the expressway also had short entrance and exit ramps, poor sightlines, and dim lighting. Other issues were caused by the fact that the expressway's service roads were discontinuous, forcing traffic onto the expressway or local streets.

365:. Though the road goes primarily northwest-to-southeast, the nominal directions of all route numbers west of the Bruckner Interchange are aligned with the northbound route number going southeast, and the southbound route number going northwest. 1924: 929:, where the Cross Bronx and Major Deegan Expressways intersect, air-pollution rates are also generally higher than in the rest of the borough. To decrease emissions from the Cross Bronx Expressway, community activists proposed constructing a 4776: 770: 3394: 506:), picked by borough engineers as examples of important projects. Although this routing was south of the present Cross Bronx Expressway, the report did suggest a "New Cross-Bronx Artery" near the present expressway that would link the 668:

had to be relocated several hundred feet in the vicinity of the Bronx River Parkway interchange. The section from the Bronx River Parkway to the Bruckner Interchange opened on November 5, 1955, at the same time as parts of the

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That November, the city, state, and federal governments agreed to fund several new highways in New York City. Among these was the Cross Bronx Expressway, which was to cost $ 38.67 million. The expressway was to continue onto the

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that. With the opening of the Alexander Hamilton Bridge in April 1963, the $ 128 million Cross Bronx was completed, but two major interchanges were still incomplete: the Highbridge Interchange with the Major Deegan Expressway (

407: 404: 472:. I-95 leaves the Cross Bronx Expressway here and continues north along the Bruckner Expressway. The Cross Bronx Expressway continues east of the interchange as I-295, which begins here. The Cross Bronx connects with the 403: 376:; the most expensive mile of road ever built to that point is part of the Cross Bronx, costing $ 40 million (equivalent to $ 454,956,522 in 2023). At one point during construction, Moses' crews had to support the 1957: 912:. Architect Ronald Shiffman argues that the Cross Bronx Expressway "ripped through the heart of the Bronx, creating what was a wall between what eventually was known as the Northern and Southern part of the Bronx." 459:

2 miles (3.2 km) later. The service road is called East 177th Street between the Bronx River Parkway and the Bruckner Interchange. Going eastbound (I-95 northbound), the interchange allows access to southbound

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lines while the expressway was laboriously pushed through. The highway experiences severe traffic problems, and its construction has been blamed for negatively affecting a number of low-income neighborhoods in the

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developing asthma, children of color living in low-income areas in the Bronx are at risk of suffering from asthma exacerbation. Asthma rates in the Bronx are three times higher than the national average. In the

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Widlicka, Leo (March 6, 1953). "Bronx Hums With Work on 2 Expressways: Maj. Deegan, Cross-Bronx Routes Will Each Have 6 Lanes, No Stop Lights Two New Super Highways in the Bronx Begin to Take Shape".

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to get around this stretch of I-95. Proposals have been made to make dedicated truck lanes, add express bus service, and build decking on the open trenches to allow for parks, although to no avail.

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reported in 2022 that the areas near the Cross Bronx Expressway were among New York City's poorest neighborhoods; these areas contained 220,000 residents, most of which were ethnic minorities.

4162: 3781: 3417: 3111: 2499: 2005: 4883: 4743: 2889: 2461: 2056: 1888: 4201: 2958: 4509: 3850: 2996: 2572: 713:. Ultimately, most of I-78 was canceled in 1971. In anticipation of this change, the Cross Bronx Expressway Extension and the Clearview Expressway were renumbered I-295 on January 1, 1970. 4704: 3155: 3073: 5320: 4631: 4098: 3990: 2385: 3363: 1952:

A Local Law in relation to renaming two thoroughfares and public places in the Borough of the Bronx, East 177th Street, and to amend the official map of the city of New York accordingly

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The $ 12.6 million Highbridge Interchange opened in November 1964. The $ 68 million reconstruction of the Bruckner Interchange, allowing Bruckner Expressway traffic to bypass the old

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John P. McGrath, Corporation Counsel ( H.E. O'Donnell, E.A. Weingarten, R. Abberman and A. Cohen of counsel), for City of New York. vs. Alfred J. Talley and others, for claimants.

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was to contain 54 bridges and three tunnels when it was completed. By early 1949, the project's budget had increased to $ 53 million, in part because of material shortages.

1951: 3666: 4330: 4231: 5189: 4852: 1052:. The study found that, if the zone were implemented, up to 700 additional trucks per day would use the Cross Bronx Expressway to avoid the congestion pricing zone. 786:

announced in 1957 that it would construct a lower deck on the George Washington Bridge. To accommodate the additional traffic from the George Washington Bridge, the

4913: 4574:"179th St. Tunnel And Roadways To Open Today: Project Links Washington and George Washington Bridges and Harlem Drive A Section of Highbridge Roadway Opening Today" 4944: 5376: 3692: 2717: 2423: 2026:

Harland Bartholomew, Report to the Honorable James J. Walker, Mayor, on Highway Traffic Conditions and Proposed Traffic Relief Measures for the City of New York,

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had been able to avoid the circle, but drivers taking the Bruckner in either direction, including those bound for New England, had to exit onto the surface.)

5677: 4300: 5595: 5558: 3491: 1033: 3595:"State Road Plans Snarled By Political Tugs of War; Study of Long-Range Program Linked to National System Finds a Financial Muddle and Lack of Initiative" 3483: 3193: 1979: 5624: 2812: 405: 5599: 4806: 3935: 3018: 5730: 4154: 3316: 2628:

Sugrue, Francis (July 26, 1948). "New Highways Mapped to Link Four Boroughs: 6-Lane Roads, Free of Red Lights, Planned; Some Sections Already Begun".

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approved a contract in February 1946, allowing the Tenant Relocation Bureau to relocate 540 families who lived on the expressway's right-of-way. The

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By 1954, the project's cost had increased to $ 86 million, but land for the western section of the expressway had not even been purchased, leading

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The section of the Cross Bronx Expressway between Anthony and Longfellow Avenues was highly controversial. In early 1953, Bronx borough president

271: 4974: 4688: 3139: 3057: 5312: 4615: 4082: 3974: 5066: 2369: 3594: 3355: 5710: 5446: 4044: 3278: 2774: 1041: 5527: 5735: 5498: 4186:"Rock and 5 Bridges on .6 of Mile Put Bronx Road Cost in Millions; Bids to Be Opened Thursday for Section of Expressway at Grand Concourse" 758:, which was planned to cost $ 11.788 million; it included a 300-foot-long (91 m) tunnel under the Grand Concourse and the underground 678:

extension from the Bronx River Parkway to a temporary interchange at Longfellow Avenue, near Boston Road, opened on April 23, 1956.

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opened on January 11, 1961, the Cross Bronx was extended east as one of the bridge's two northern approaches, the other being the

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reported that the center section was not expected to be completed for several years because of the expense of relocating tenants.

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Ross, Don (November 6, 1955). "3 City Expressway Routes Are Opened: Harriman and Wagner Attend, Urge Vote for Roads Bond Issue".

1173: 579: 507: 281: 2911:"City Working On 37 Arterial Highway Plans: Pari of Over-Alle Expressway Program to Relieve Traffic at Cost of $ 496.953,531". 2205: 606: 276: 2521:"O'DwyerDenies City's Evictions Bring Hardship: Says N.Y. Is Relocating 305 Families Affected in '46 by Work on Expressways". 583: 452:. The exit for Sheridan Boulevard is an incomplete interchange and allows access from northbound and to southbound I-95 only. 5715: 3705: 3487: 1045: 4322: 4223: 2088: 949:

The expressway is one of the main routes for shipping and transportation through New York City due to its connections with

5173: 4905: 4844: 263: 4936: 4590: 4387:"Widening to Start on Harlem Bridge; $ 736,996 Contract Let by State for Washington Span, Link in Cross Bronx Expressway" 3019:"Widening to Start on Harlem Bridge; $ 736,996 Contract Let by State for Washington Span, Link in Cross Bronx Expressway" 2594:"State to Award $ 25,000,000 in Road Projects: Record Contract Letting to Include 2,000,000 Job on Bronx River Parkway". 5423: 5214: 3766:"Lyons Gives Reply to 'Pooh-bah' Moses; Says Charge of Putting 'Kink' in Cross Bronx Expressway Plans Is 'Damnable Lie'" 1010: 3975:"Bronx Expressway Route Approved To 'Demagogue,' 'Blackmail' Cries; Present Views at Hearing on Cross Bronx Expressway" 2407: 5342: 5235: 2041:"Regional Program Proposed for Fair; Plan Association Suggests New Water Supply, Highways and Sewage Treatment Plants" 5259:

The Cross-Bronx Double Cross: How the cross-Bronx ... - Fordham University. (n.d.). Retrieved October 30, 2022, from

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The Cross-Bronx Double Cross: How the cross-Bronx ... - Fordham University. (n.d.). Retrieved October 30, 2022, from

5040: 2874:"Expressway Plan of City Cut in Half; Moses Report Shows Effect of Rising Costs on Program Once Put at $ 429,000,000" 5093: 2370:"Tenant Relocation Part of Road Plan; Estimate Board Approves Conditionally Aid to Those WhoseHouses Will Be Razed" 1825: 1768: 986: 897: 787: 4284: 2264:"$ 285,000,000 Roads Planned for City; the Folks Back in the Old Country Are Proud of New York City's Mayor-elect" 887:

The eastbound Cross Bronx entering the tunnel in East Tremont, one of the most impoverished parts of New York City

3567: 3562: 1728: 1672: 1597: 1566: 1507: 1145: 1002: 808: 791: 698: 694: 690: 670: 542: 477: 469: 420: 416: 330: 322: 318: 306: 214: 195: 191: 91: 393:. Most Bronxites consider the Cross Bronx Expressway the defining border between the North and the South Bronx. 5000: 3835:"Moses Threatens to Halt Bronx Job; He Tells Mayor He Will Shift Highway Fund Elsewhere if Lyons Changes Route" 3539: 3058:"Bridge Expansion Sets Record Pace; Five Major Projects Costing $ 25,326,000 Under Way to Relieve Traffic Jams" 2446:"Legion Unit Scores Moses on Housing; Charges Him With Hundreds of Evictions to Make Way for New Auto Highways" 1676: 1541: 1362: 1311: 1268: 1188: 1167: 1149: 1141: 1137: 1006: 982: 974: 954: 816: 796: 591: 587: 527: 445: 432: 424: 326: 187: 151: 130: 126: 122: 74: 4616:"City, State Plan Expressway Link; Interchange to Be Built Here Between Major Deegan and Cross-Bronx Highways" 4532:"Two Traffic Aids to Open Tomorrow; Tunnel Under 179th Street and Highbridge Interchange Will End Bottlenecks" 3803:"Lyons Terms Moses 'Poo Bah' On Expressway: Defends Rights of 1,000 Bronx Home Owners in Selection of Route". 3177: 2664: 737:

The westbound Cross Bronx Expressway passing under Grand Concourse; note the large brick-faced retaining walls

3279:"3 Highway Links Open Tomorrow; Additions to Queens Midtown, Cross-Bronx and Deegan Units Cost $ 127,000,000" 3140:"Cross Bronx Road is Merely 2 Ends; Land for Central Section of $ 86,000,000 Expressway Has Yet to Be Bought" 2804: 4689:"Cross-Bronx Road Gets Revised Plan; Better Connecting Links Are Provided -- New Harlem River Bridge Slated" 4083:"Bronx Residents Lose Road Fight; Expressway Route Affirmed as Estimate Board Votes to Buy Mid-Section Land" 1192: 1064: 1018: 966: 674: 627: 428: 377: 1060:

The mileposts below follow actual signage, even though the route is continuous. The entire route is in the

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and built between 1948 and 1972. It was the first highway built through a crowded urban environment in the

5720: 1841: 1014: 905: 697:. The Cross Bronx Expressway Extension and the Clearview Expressway were originally designated as part of 503: 473: 358: 2557:"City Pushes Work on Expressways; 8 of 15 Major Road Projects in $ 200,000,000 Program Already Under Way" 626:

rivers. In doing so, minimal disruption to the apartment buildings that topped the ridges in the area of

5725: 5016:"Feds announce $ 150 million for new bus, pedestrian and cyclist lanes on the Cross Bronx – Bronx Times" 4666: 4582: 4467: 4368: 4266: 4136: 4025: 3916: 3885: 3816: 3746: 3627: 3439: 3259: 3228: 2924: 2852: 2641: 2607: 2534: 2351: 2317: 2222: 2141: 1833: 1097: 922: 610: 554: 134: 78: 4966: 4531: 4427: 4386: 990: 800: 657: 599: 456: 381: 338: 291: 2084: 2027: 1829: 1601: 1545: 1476: 1403: 1029: 998: 978: 804: 653: 595: 465: 449: 350: 346: 199: 164: 5559:"Environmental study of congestion-pricing plans has Bronx residents asking: What's in it for us?" 5261:

https://research.library.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1019&context=amer_stud_theses

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https://research.library.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1019&context=amer_stud_theses

1873:"Harriman Favors 'Yes' on Road Fund; Harriman Pleads for 'Yes' Vote On Bonds as 3 Road Links Open" 1572:

Eastbound exit and westbound entrance; eastern end of I-95 concurrency; northern terminus of I-295

3635: 3599: 3477: 3447: 1821: 1805: 1779: 1756: 1732: 1454: 1432: 1414: 962: 876: 836: 759: 682: 530:, then under construction, was cited among reasons to build the highway which would help connect 362: 342: 5482: 3385:

Phillips, Dorothy A. (January 12, 1961). "Throgs Neck Bridge Opens New Gateway to Long Island".

3571: 5668: 5490: 5384: 5181: 5128: 4814: 4791: 4735: 4696: 4658: 4623: 4542: 4501: 4397: 4360: 4292: 4258: 4193: 4128: 4090: 4052: 4017: 3982: 3943: 3908: 3877: 3842: 3808: 3773: 3738: 3324: 3286: 3251: 3220: 3185: 3147: 3103: 3065: 3026: 2988: 2950: 2916: 2881: 2844: 2780: 2770: 2725: 2686: 2633: 2599: 2564: 2526: 2491: 2453: 2415: 2377: 2343: 2309: 2271: 2233: 2152: 2048: 1973: 1880: 1511: 1428: 1326: 622: 5123: 3662: 3543: 3517: 2765: 2679:"NEIGHBORHOOD REPORT: BRONX UP CLOSE; Decades Later, Doing the Cross Bronx Expressway Right" 1376: 1200: 1196: 870: 523: 244: 168: 32: 5283:"For Some Near the Cross Bronx Expressway, COVID-19 is an Environmental Justice Issue, Too" 5267: 5217:, episode 7, The American Experience, PBS Television, WNET New York and WGBH Boston, 1999. 5155: 1817: 661: 411:

A time-lapse video of a westbound trip on the Cross Bronx Expressway and adjacent highways

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merges on before the expressway ends at the northern approach to the Throgs Neck Bridge.

5313:"Study: Rise in South Bronx traffic congestion contributing to further health problems" 4045:"Highway Building Catching Up: Toll and Other Roads Nearing Completion-- Fewer Detours" 3557: 2191: 1315: 1241: 1204: 970: 861: 832: 820: 812: 755: 722: 710: 615: 461: 440: 436: 385: 155: 493: 5704: 1845: 1680: 1549: 1446: 1233: 1223: 1061: 893: 856:

The Cross Bronx Expressway is blamed for worsening the decay of neighborhoods in the

373: 310: 234: 5522: 5520: 5518: 5516: 5377:"Hell on Wheels, and Nerves; If Ever There Was a Mean Street, It's the Cross Bronx" 5067:"Reimagining the Cross Bronx Expressway: Residents weigh-in at Parkchester meeting" 2718:"Hell on Wheels, and Nerves; If Ever There Was a Mean Street, It's the Cross Bronx" 1837: 1307: 726: 574: 511: 369: 334: 82: 4494:"2 Major Highways to Open This Fall: Two Major Projects in City's Highway Program" 3696: 2484:"2 New Expressways to Oust Few Families From Their Homes This Year, Moses Reports" 782:

Plans for the western end of the expressway were modified substantially after the

357:, the Cross Bronx Expressway continues east, carrying I-295 to the merge with the 4876:"New York Bypass: Narrows Bridge Adds More New Ways To Avoid City's Traffic Jams" 4670: 4586: 4471: 4372: 4270: 4140: 4029: 3920: 3889: 3820: 3750: 3263: 3232: 2928: 2856: 2645: 2611: 2538: 2355: 2321: 5118: 3410:"Around the Town: New York City's System of Bypasses Is Beginning to Take Shape" 3096:"Inspection Contract Let; Two Firms to Supervise Work on Cross-Bronx Expressway" 2760: 2186: 2078: 1929: 1736: 994: 958: 930: 901: 865: 857: 665: 546: 535: 390: 354: 37:

Map of the Bronx in New York City with Cross Bronx Expressway highlighted in red

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Wise, David (December 3, 1954). "Bronx Residents Lose Expressway Route Fight".

5094:"Local Opposition Grows Against Project to 'Transform' Cross Bronx Expressway" 4573: 4458: 1520:

Eastbound exit and westbound entrance; northern terminus and exit 19S on I-678

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via a set of ramps. At its eastern end, the expressway would connect with the

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Nassau Expressway Construction, New York City: Environmental Impact Statement

3328: 3290: 3255: 3224: 3189: 3151: 3107: 3069: 3030: 2992: 2981:"Bronx Bridge Work Let: $ 3,372,919 Expressway Contract Goes to City Company" 2954: 2920: 2885: 2848: 2839:

McConnell, David (December 29, 1958). "Workers Speed Huge Bronx Expressway".

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Berman, Marshall. "All That is Solid Melts Into Air." New York: Penguin: 1988

1884: 1714: 5415: 5227: 5210: 1605: 1068: 706: 427:. Immediately after coming off the bridge, there is an interchange with the 314: 5687: 2784: 5174:"A Plan to Push Cars Out of Manhattan Could Make the Bronx's Air Dirtier" 3317:"Bronx Road Link Open; New Section of Cross Borough Highway Put Into Use" 1274:

Northern end of US 1 concurrency; northbound exit and southbound entrance

702: 909: 519: 4155:"Expressway Growing: Cross-Bronx Artery Will Be Extended a Mile Today" 2943:"Highway Contract Let; Albany Awards Bronx Artery Link at $ 3,994,757" 643:

A large stone arch overpass carries Crotona Avenue over the expressway

5451: 2111:"Pattern of Highways for the City as Proposed in Board's Master Plan" 1515: 686: 515: 5676: 5343:"The wealth divide linked to 370 heat deaths in New York each year" 5041:"Cross-Bronx Expressway Project Gets A $ 150 Million Federal Grant" 569:

The Expressway traverses beneath Walton Avenue and Grand Concourse.

329:(US 1). The Cross Bronx begins at the eastern approach to the 2304:"Work Progressing at Western Terminus of Cross-Bronx Expressway". 1527: 1254: 1110: 1025: 940: 882: 769: 732: 638: 564: 492: 400: 1740: 1711: 1685:

Westbound exit and eastbound entrance; southern terminus of I-695

4459:"Work Progressing at Western Terminus of Cross-Bronx Expressway" 3521: 1610:

Westbound exit and eastbound entrance; eastern terminus of I-278

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facilities, along with the "Nassau Boulevard" (which became the

5630:. New York State Department of Transportation. August 7, 2015. 3872:"Moses Protests Cross-Bronx 'Politics' and Threatens to Quit". 1639: 1583: 1493: 1467: 1348: 1287: 1165: 4766:"Dedication Rites Set Tomorrow For George Washington 2nd Deck" 4012:

Wise, David (May 15, 1953). "City Stands By Bronx Road Plan".

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Signed as exits 1C (north) and 1D (south); exits 7N-S on I-87

3356:"Throgs Neck Bridge Is Opened To No Pomp and Little Traffic" 1746:

1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

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The Cross Bronx Expressway begins at the eastern end of the

1028:

cited the Cross Bronx Expressway's westbound exit 4B (

989:(extension of the Cross Bronx Expressway westward) and the 4997:

Rand McNally Road Atlas: United States, Canada and Mexico

621:

Construction of the expressway began in 1948. A 112-foot

553:

adopted a plan for a network of highways. Except for the

545:(RPA) proposed a highway that would connect the Bronx to 3698:

Official Description of Touring Routes in New York State

1158:

Western terminus; western end of I-95 / US 1 concurrency

5664: 5659: 5124:

The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the fall of New York

2766:

The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York

1571: 1524: 1273: 1251: 1157: 1107: 5528:"Bronx Arterial Needs Major Investment Study: NYSDOT" 4653:"State to Help City Build Its Interchange in Bronx". 1371:

Northbound exit and southbound entrance; former I-895

439:

and points upstate. The highway soon intersects with

3936:"Bronx Expressway Dispute Has Estimate Board Fuming" 2142:"Highway Network Proposed for City Hits Albany Snag" 1172:

Southbound exit and northbound entrance; access via

896:

that were later cancelled – in particular, the

725:

proposed relocating the Cross Bronx Expressway near

4355:"Cross-Bronx Expressway Adds New Section Tuesday". 1684: 1636: 1609: 1580: 1519: 1490: 1470: 1464: 1370: 1345: 1320: 1284: 1171: 1162: 1048:, which detailed the possible impacts of a planned 904:, an American expatriate, in her opposition to the 254: 240: 230: 225: 205: 140: 103: 98: 63: 55: 47: 42: 21: 5476: 5474: 5370: 5368: 5167: 5165: 5163: 4572: 4457: 2180: 2178: 1741:Eastern terminus; eastern end of I-295 concurrency 5483:"On Bronx Stoops, a Highway's Traffic Entertains" 5277: 5275: 4682: 4680: 4610: 4608: 3133: 3131: 3129: 2868: 2866: 2550: 2548: 4807:"George Washington Bridge Loops to Open in Fall" 3667:New York City Department of Parks and Recreation 1866: 1864: 693:(later I-695). Both extensions were part of the 526:"where considered necessary and desirable." The 522:standards, it would be 60 feet (18 m) wide with 5589:"2010 Traffic Volume Report for New York State" 5416:"Cross Bronx Expressway (I-95, I-295 and US 1)" 3472: 3470: 2798: 2796: 2794: 2185:Johnston, Louis; Williamson, Samuel H. (2023). 1982:) CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 5228:"Citizen Jane: Battle for the City - BBC Four" 4350: 4348: 4118: 4116: 3728: 3726: 3693:State of New York Department of Transportation 3628:"Lower Manhattan Road Killed Under State Plan" 3246:"3 New Expressways to Ease City Bottlenecks". 2834: 2832: 2830: 2623: 2621: 2333: 2331: 2299: 2297: 945:Congestion near the west end of the expressway 1960:. Archived from the original on June 19, 2021 8: 5678:Template:Attached KML/Cross Bronx Expressway 5598:. July 25, 2011. p. 151. Archived from 4845:"New Bridge Completes L.I.-to-Jersey Bypass" 368:The Cross Bronx Expressway was conceived by 5596:New York State Department of Transportation 5532:New York State Department of Transportation 3492:New York State Department of Transportation 1034:New York State Department of Transportation 4253:"Cross-Bronx Expressway Section to Open". 3484:United States Department of Transportation 1073: 5681: 4874:Ingraham, Joseph C. (November 15, 1964). 4687:Ingraham, Joseph C. (November 27, 1958). 3354:Phillips, McCandlish (January 12, 1961). 3138:Ingraham, Joseph C. (November 15, 1954). 784:Port Authority of New York and New Jersey 3277:Ingraham, Joseph C. (November 4, 1955). 1919: 1917: 1915: 1871:Ingraham, Joseph C. (November 6, 1955). 1050:congestion pricing zone in New York City 701:, which was to continue through Queens, 582:at its western end, connecting with the 4937:"The Bruckner Interchange Open at Last" 4805:Stengren, Bernard (February 22, 1960). 3408:Ingraham, Joseph C. (January 1, 1961). 1860: 1797: 1699:Harding Avenue / Pennyfield Avenue 1321:Southbound exit and northbound entrance 981:, Manhattan via I-87 southbound to the 819:, and the Hutchinson River Expressway ( 455:The Cross Bronx Expressway reaches the 5255: 5253: 5014:Botello, Camille (December 20, 2023). 4977:from the original on September 7, 2017 4947:from the original on September 7, 2017 4165:from the original on September 7, 2017 3934:Bennett, Charles G. (April 24, 1953). 3764:Bennett, Charles G. (March 13, 1953). 3626:Cliness, Francis X. (March 25, 1971). 3607:from the original on February 28, 2017 3516:(Map) (1962 ed.). Cartography by 3440:"First Road Finished for Fair Complex" 3056:Bennett, Charles G. (April 23, 1949). 1998:"Call Traffic Study City Planning Aid" 1978:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 1971: 321:(I-95), but also includes portions of 18: 5634:from the original on January 24, 2020 5569:from the original on October 31, 2022 5557:Sundaram, Arya (September 18, 2022). 5538:from the original on October 31, 2022 5501:from the original on October 31, 2022 5426:from the original on January 19, 2012 5353:from the original on October 31, 2022 5323:from the original on October 31, 2022 5293:from the original on October 31, 2022 5238:from the original on November 5, 2017 5192:from the original on October 31, 2022 4935:Prial, Frank J. (December 21, 1972). 4916:from the original on November 3, 2012 4782:from the original on January 18, 2023 4726:Ingraham, Joseph C. (July 12, 1957). 4707:from the original on October 31, 2022 4634:from the original on October 31, 2022 4593:from the original on October 31, 2022 4553:from the original on January 18, 2023 4512:from the original on February 1, 2021 4438:from the original on February 1, 2021 4408:from the original on January 18, 2023 4333:from the original on November 3, 2012 4303:from the original on October 31, 2022 4234:from the original on November 3, 2012 4204:from the original on October 31, 2022 4101:from the original on October 31, 2022 4063:from the original on October 31, 2022 3993:from the original on October 31, 2022 3954:from the original on October 31, 2022 3853:from the original on October 31, 2022 3784:from the original on October 31, 2022 3643:from the original on January 18, 2023 3593:Ingraham, Joseph C. (March 5, 1957). 3455:from the original on January 18, 2023 3335:from the original on October 31, 2022 3196:from the original on October 31, 2022 3158:from the original on October 31, 2022 3114:from the original on October 31, 2022 3076:from the original on October 31, 2022 3037:from the original on October 31, 2022 2999:from the original on October 31, 2022 2961:from the original on October 31, 2022 2892:from the original on October 31, 2022 2815:from the original on October 31, 2022 2755: 2753: 2751: 2575:from the original on October 31, 2022 2502:from the original on October 31, 2022 2464:from the original on October 31, 2022 2426:from the original on October 31, 2022 2408:"Road Delay Sought to Save 600 Homes" 2388:from the original on October 31, 2022 2282:from the original on October 31, 2022 2244:from the original on January 18, 2023 2223:"Road Plan Allots 60 Million to City" 2163:from the original on January 18, 2023 2091:from the original on January 16, 2012 2059:from the original on October 31, 2022 1891:from the original on October 31, 2022 1705: 1698: 1689: 1630: 1623: 1614: 1576: 1480: 1471:Eastbound exit and westbound entrance 1458: 1444: 1440: 1427: 1418: 1389: 1380: 1339: 1334: 1330: 1278: 1245: 1231: 1222: 1213: 1182: 1101: 1042:Metropolitan Transportation Authority 317:. It is mainly designated as part of 7: 5092:Custodio, Jonathan (July 31, 2024). 4184:Stengren, Bernard (August 4, 1958). 3973:Bennett, Charles G. (May 15, 1953). 3536:New York and New Jersey Tourgide Map 3366:from the original on October 7, 2018 549:and points north. In late 1940, the 4728:"Fund Is Allotted Bridge To Jersey" 3711:from the original on March 26, 2009 900:, and may have provided impetus to 5459:from the original on March 1, 2009 5395:from the original on July 17, 2016 5375:Feuer, Alan (September 20, 2002). 4886:from the original on June 27, 2018 4855:from the original on July 22, 2018 4825:from the original on June 15, 2018 4746:from the original on June 15, 2018 4224:"Cross-Bronx Route to Add Section" 3673:from the original on March 1, 2017 3420:from the original on July 22, 2018 3297:from the original on July 22, 2018 2736:from the original on July 17, 2016 2716:Feuer, Alan (September 20, 2002). 2677:Sedensky, Matt (October 7, 2001). 2555:Freeman, Ira (December 13, 1947). 2121:from the original on July 22, 2018 2008:from the original on July 22, 2018 1365:south (Sheridan Boulevard) – 518:. Though it would not be built to 380:(a major surface thoroughfare), a 14: 5445:Bruner, Jon (February 25, 2009). 4973:. December 31, 1972. p. 36. 4912:. November 19, 1964. p. 39. 4657:. December 22, 1952. p. 32. 4359:. February 26, 1961. p. 30. 3733:"State Rejects Bronx Road Plea". 2805:"It's true, Cross-Bronx is worst" 2697:from the original on May 27, 2015 2140:Moscow, Warren (March 13, 1944). 2117:. November 21, 1940. p. 39. 551:New York City Planning Commission 51:6.83 mi (10.99 km) 5731:Urban decay in the United States 5686: 5625:"Bronx County Inventory Listing" 4492:Burns, Patrick (June 21, 1950). 4329:. January 31, 1961. p. 13. 4323:"Cross Bronx Highway Link Ready" 4285:"Cross Bronx Highway Link Ready" 4043:Ingraham, Joseph (May 8, 1955). 3514:New York with Sight-Seeing Guide 3250:. October 15, 1955. p. A1. 2803:Deutsch, Kevin (March 5, 2009). 2004:. October 29, 1929. p. 32. 1722: 1716: 1666: 1660: 1654: 1647: 1641: 1591: 1585: 1560: 1554: 1535: 1529: 1501: 1495: 1397: 1391: 1356: 1350: 1301: 1295: 1289: 1262: 1256: 1183: 1131: 1125: 1118: 1112: 497:Eastward from Westchester Avenue 419:, officially designated as both 209: 182: 177: 172: 159: 146: 117: 112: 107: 86: 69: 31: 5447:"America's Worst Intersections" 5172:Ley, Ana (September 12, 2022). 4851:. April 14, 1963. p. 528. 2915:. January 10, 1949. p. 3. 2598:. December 3, 1947. p. 2. 2206:Gross Domestic Product deflator 607:New York City Board of Estimate 5481:Dolnick, Sam (April 2, 2010). 4775:. August 28, 1962. p. 5. 4257:. April 25, 1960. p. 13. 4230:. April 25, 1960. p. 23. 4161:. April 23, 1956. p. 29. 3907:. April 24, 1953. p. 25. 3903:"Moses Warns On Route Shift". 3876:. March 12, 1953. p. 16. 3807:. March 13, 1953. p. 34. 3488:Federal Transit Administration 3397:– via Fultonhistory.com. 1335:Tunnel under East 176th Street 1046:environmental impact statement 1: 4396:. June 10, 1949. p. 29. 2187:"What Was the U.S. GDP Then?" 1954:(2018-035). January 11, 2018. 1409:Exit 4 on Bronx River Parkway 448:(Sheridan Boulevard) and the 5711:Expressways in New York City 5215:New York: A Documentary Film 4466:. April 8, 1950. p. 9. 4434:. June 15, 1949. p. 2. 4428:"Thruway Talk Snags Housing" 3178:"Cross Bronx Expressway Bid" 2525:. May 11, 1946. p. 15. 2308:. April 8, 1950. p. 9. 1406:north / Rosedale Avenue 1011:Cross-Westchester Expressway 5736:Transportation in the Bronx 4541:. May 4, 1952. p. 86. 573:In the 1940s, city planner 538:via the bridges and ferry. 337:. While I-95 leaves at the 5752: 4906:"Expressway Ramps Opening" 4581:. May 5, 1952. p. 6. 3737:. May 7, 1953. p. 8. 1826:IRT White Plains Road Line 1769:Electronic toll collection 987:Trans-Manhattan Expressway 898:Lower Manhattan Expressway 788:Trans-Manhattan Expressway 584:178th–179th Street Tunnels 5266:January 12, 2023, at the 5154:January 12, 2023, at the 3568:Regional Plan Association 2663: (20 July 1948), 1745: 1708: 1701: 1695: 1692: 1633: 1626: 1620: 1617: 1578: 1485: 1475: 1461: 1453: 1442: 1436: 1424: 1421: 1413: 1408: 1386: 1383: 1375: 1342: 1332: 1325: 1281: 1248: 1240: 1227: 1219: 1216: 1208: 1179: 1146:Alexander Hamilton Bridge 1104: 1096: 1091: 1088: 1085: 1082: 1079: 1076: 792:Alexander Hamilton Bridge 695:Interstate Highway System 543:Regional Plan Association 417:Alexander Hamilton Bridge 331:Alexander Hamilton Bridge 259: 250: 221: 30: 5001:Rand McNally and Company 3540:Rand McNally and Company 3387:Long Island Star-Journal 1925:"Cross Bronx Expressway" 1775: 1764: 1752: 1150:George Washington Bridge 1007:Hutchinson River Parkway 983:Robert F. Kennedy Bridge 955:George Washington Bridge 817:Hutchinson River Parkway 592:Hutchinson River Parkway 588:George Washington Bridge 555:Bronx and Pelham Parkway 528:George Washington Bridge 16:Highway in New York City 4655:New York Herald Tribune 4579:New York Herald Tribune 4464:New York Herald Tribune 4357:New York Herald Tribune 4255:New York Herald Tribune 4125:New York Herald Tribune 4014:New York Herald Tribune 3905:New York Herald Tribune 3874:New York Herald Tribune 3805:New York Herald Tribune 3735:New York Herald Tribune 3248:New York Herald Tribune 3217:New York Herald Tribune 2913:New York Herald Tribune 2841:New York Herald Tribune 2630:New York Herald Tribune 2596:New York Herald Tribune 2523:New York Herald Tribune 2340:New York Herald Tribune 2306:New York Herald Tribune 1193:Major Deegan Expressway 1024:In both 2008 and 2007, 1019:Major Deegan Expressway 429:Major Deegan Expressway 5693:Cross Bronx Expressway 5289:. September 29, 2020. 3538:(Map). Cartography by 1842:IRT Jerome Avenue Line 1271:north (Webster Avenue) 1015:New York State Thruway 946: 906:Scarborough Expressway 888: 775: 738: 691:Throgs Neck Expressway 644: 570: 504:Long Island Expressway 498: 474:Throgs Neck Expressway 412: 359:Throgs Neck Expressway 303:Cross Bronx Expressway 24:Cross Bronx Expressway 5716:Robert Moses projects 5605:on September 27, 2012 5349:. September 7, 2022. 4967:"Metropolitan Briefs" 4622:. December 22, 1952. 4601:– via ProQuest. 4481:– via ProQuest. 2270:. November 26, 1945. 2232:. February 20, 1945. 2030:, 1929, OCLC 35914068 1834:IRT Third Avenue Line 944: 886: 773: 736: 642: 611:New York City Council 568: 496: 476:, where traffic from 410: 5695:at Wikimedia Commons 5682:KML is from Wikidata 4773:Tarrytown Daily News 4432:The Herald Statesman 4291:. January 31, 1961. 4089:. December 3, 1954. 2880:. January 10, 1949. 2376:. February 1, 1946. 2047:. January 15, 1936. 2028:Day & Zimmermann 991:Henry Hudson Parkway 933:in the early 2020s. 925:neighborhood of the 801:Bruckner Interchange 658:New York City Subway 600:Bruckner Interchange 457:Bruckner Interchange 339:Bruckner Interchange 5534:. October 2, 1992. 5317:News 12 - The Bronx 5127:. New York: Knopf. 5098:THE CITY - NYC News 5047:. December 18, 2023 3695:(January 1, 1970). 3451:. August 11, 1963. 3102:. August 12, 1949. 2809:The Riverdale Press 2769:. New York: Knopf. 2208:figures follow the 2085:H.M. Gousha Company 1602:Bruckner Expressway 1546:Bruckner Expressway 1404:Bronx River Parkway 1030:Bronx River Parkway 999:New England Thruway 979:Bronx River Parkway 977:northbound and the 827:Later modifications 805:Bruckner Expressway 664:. In addition, the 654:Parkchester station 596:New England Thruway 580:181st Street Bridge 466:Bruckner Expressway 464:, northbound I-95 ( 450:Bronx River Parkway 351:New England Thruway 347:Bruckner Expressway 165:Bronx River Parkway 142:Major intersections 5487:The New York Times 5381:The New York Times 5178:The New York Times 4971:The New York Times 4941:The New York Times 4910:The New York Times 4880:The New York Times 4849:The New York Times 4811:The New York Times 4732:The New York Times 4693:The New York Times 4620:The New York Times 4539:The New York Times 4498:The New York Times 4394:The New York Times 4327:The New York Times 4289:The New York Times 4228:The New York Times 4190:The New York Times 4159:The New York Times 4087:The New York Times 4049:The New York Times 3979:The New York Times 3940:The New York Times 3841:. March 12, 1953. 3839:The New York Times 3770:The New York Times 3663:"Clearview's Tail" 3636:The New York Times 3600:The New York Times 3563:Regional Plan News 3558:"Expressway Plans" 3448:The New York Times 3414:The New York Times 3360:The New York Times 3323:. April 24, 1956. 3321:The New York Times 3283:The New York Times 3184:. March 22, 1951. 3182:The New York Times 3144:The New York Times 3100:The New York Times 3062:The New York Times 3023:The New York Times 2985:The New York Times 2947:The New York Times 2878:The New York Times 2722:The New York Times 2683:The New York Times 2561:The New York Times 2488:The New York Times 2450:The New York Times 2414:. March 26, 1946. 2412:The New York Times 2374:The New York Times 2268:The New York Times 2230:The New York Times 2149:The New York Times 2115:The New York Times 2080:New York City area 2045:The New York Times 2002:The New York Times 1877:The New York Times 1822:Westchester Avenue 1806:IND Concourse Line 1733:Throgs Neck Bridge 1468:Castle Hill Avenue 1433:Westchester Avenue 967:Whitestone Bridges 947: 889: 877:The New York Times 837:Throgs Neck Bridge 776: 774:Deegan interchange 743:The New York Times 739: 683:Throgs Neck Bridge 645: 571: 499: 413: 363:Throgs Neck Bridge 319:Interstate 95 5691:Media related to 5414:Anderson, Steve. 5071:News 12 - Default 4792:Fultonhistory.com 3025:. June 10, 1949. 2776:978-0-394-48076-3 1789: 1788: 1780:Incomplete access 1512:Whitestone Bridge 1429:White Plains Road 1174:Washington Bridge 524:grade separations 508:Washington Bridge 468:) and southbound 408: 397:Route description 384:line and several 327:U.S. Route 1 299: 298: 264:New York Highways 43:Route information 5743: 5690: 5672: 5644: 5643: 5641: 5639: 5629: 5621: 5615: 5614: 5612: 5610: 5604: 5593: 5585: 5579: 5578: 5576: 5574: 5554: 5548: 5547: 5545: 5543: 5524: 5511: 5510: 5508: 5506: 5478: 5469: 5468: 5466: 5464: 5442: 5436: 5435: 5433: 5431: 5411: 5405: 5404: 5402: 5400: 5372: 5363: 5362: 5360: 5358: 5339: 5333: 5332: 5330: 5328: 5309: 5303: 5302: 5300: 5298: 5279: 5270: 5257: 5248: 5247: 5245: 5243: 5224: 5218: 5208: 5202: 5201: 5199: 5197: 5169: 5158: 5145: 5139: 5138: 5115: 5109: 5108: 5106: 5104: 5089: 5083: 5082: 5080: 5078: 5063: 5057: 5056: 5054: 5052: 5037: 5031: 5030: 5028: 5026: 5011: 5005: 5004: 4993: 4987: 4986: 4984: 4982: 4963: 4957: 4956: 4954: 4952: 4932: 4926: 4925: 4923: 4921: 4902: 4896: 4895: 4893: 4891: 4871: 4865: 4864: 4862: 4860: 4841: 4835: 4834: 4832: 4830: 4802: 4796: 4795: 4789: 4787: 4781: 4770: 4762: 4756: 4755: 4753: 4751: 4723: 4717: 4716: 4714: 4712: 4684: 4675: 4674: 4650: 4644: 4643: 4641: 4639: 4612: 4603: 4602: 4600: 4598: 4576: 4569: 4563: 4562: 4560: 4558: 4536: 4528: 4522: 4521: 4519: 4517: 4489: 4483: 4482: 4480: 4478: 4461: 4454: 4448: 4447: 4445: 4443: 4424: 4418: 4417: 4415: 4413: 4391: 4383: 4377: 4376: 4352: 4343: 4342: 4340: 4338: 4319: 4313: 4312: 4310: 4308: 4281: 4275: 4274: 4250: 4244: 4243: 4241: 4239: 4220: 4214: 4213: 4211: 4209: 4181: 4175: 4174: 4172: 4170: 4151: 4145: 4144: 4120: 4111: 4110: 4108: 4106: 4079: 4073: 4072: 4070: 4068: 4040: 4034: 4033: 4009: 4003: 4002: 4000: 3998: 3970: 3964: 3963: 3961: 3959: 3931: 3925: 3924: 3900: 3894: 3893: 3869: 3863: 3862: 3860: 3858: 3831: 3825: 3824: 3800: 3794: 3793: 3791: 3789: 3761: 3755: 3754: 3730: 3721: 3720: 3718: 3716: 3710: 3703: 3689: 3683: 3682: 3680: 3678: 3659: 3653: 3652: 3650: 3648: 3632: 3623: 3617: 3616: 3614: 3612: 3590: 3584: 3583: 3581: 3579: 3554: 3548: 3547: 3544:Gulf Oil Company 3532: 3526: 3525: 3518:General Drafting 3510: 3504: 3503: 3501: 3499: 3474: 3465: 3464: 3462: 3460: 3444: 3436: 3430: 3429: 3427: 3425: 3405: 3399: 3398: 3382: 3376: 3375: 3373: 3371: 3351: 3345: 3344: 3342: 3340: 3313: 3307: 3306: 3304: 3302: 3274: 3268: 3267: 3243: 3237: 3236: 3212: 3206: 3205: 3203: 3201: 3174: 3168: 3167: 3165: 3163: 3135: 3124: 3123: 3121: 3119: 3092: 3086: 3085: 3083: 3081: 3053: 3047: 3046: 3044: 3042: 3015: 3009: 3008: 3006: 3004: 2987:. May 12, 1949. 2977: 2971: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2949:. May 15, 1949. 2939: 2933: 2932: 2908: 2902: 2901: 2899: 2897: 2870: 2861: 2860: 2836: 2825: 2824: 2822: 2820: 2800: 2789: 2788: 2757: 2746: 2745: 2743: 2741: 2713: 2707: 2706: 2704: 2702: 2674: 2668: 2662: 2656: 2650: 2649: 2625: 2616: 2615: 2591: 2585: 2584: 2582: 2580: 2552: 2543: 2542: 2518: 2512: 2511: 2509: 2507: 2490:. May 11, 1946. 2480: 2474: 2473: 2471: 2469: 2442: 2436: 2435: 2433: 2431: 2404: 2398: 2397: 2395: 2393: 2366: 2360: 2359: 2335: 2326: 2325: 2301: 2292: 2291: 2289: 2287: 2260: 2254: 2253: 2251: 2249: 2227: 2219: 2213: 2203: 2201: 2199: 2182: 2173: 2172: 2170: 2168: 2146: 2137: 2131: 2130: 2128: 2126: 2107: 2101: 2100: 2098: 2096: 2075: 2069: 2068: 2066: 2064: 2037: 2031: 2024: 2018: 2017: 2015: 2013: 1994: 1988: 1987: 1977: 1969: 1967: 1965: 1955: 1948: 1942: 1941: 1939: 1937: 1921: 1910: 1907: 1901: 1900: 1898: 1896: 1868: 1848: 1814: 1808: 1802: 1782: 1776: 1771: 1765: 1760: 1753: 1727: 1726: 1725: 1720: 1719: 1671: 1670: 1669: 1664: 1663: 1658: 1657: 1652: 1651: 1650: 1645: 1644: 1596: 1595: 1594: 1589: 1588: 1565: 1564: 1563: 1558: 1557: 1540: 1539: 1538: 1533: 1532: 1506: 1505: 1504: 1499: 1498: 1402: 1401: 1400: 1395: 1394: 1361: 1360: 1359: 1354: 1353: 1306: 1305: 1304: 1299: 1298: 1293: 1292: 1267: 1266: 1265: 1260: 1259: 1187: 1186: 1168:Amsterdam Avenue 1136: 1135: 1134: 1129: 1128: 1123: 1122: 1121: 1116: 1115: 1074: 871:The Power Broker 409: 345:, following the 213: 212: 186: 185: 181: 180: 176: 175: 163: 162: 150: 149: 143: 121: 120: 116: 115: 111: 110: 90: 89: 73: 72: 35: 19: 5751: 5750: 5746: 5745: 5744: 5742: 5741: 5740: 5701: 5700: 5683: 5680: 5675: 5674: 5673: 5657: 5653: 5648: 5647: 5637: 5635: 5627: 5623: 5622: 5618: 5608: 5606: 5602: 5591: 5587: 5586: 5582: 5572: 5570: 5556: 5555: 5551: 5541: 5539: 5526: 5525: 5514: 5504: 5502: 5480: 5479: 5472: 5462: 5460: 5444: 5443: 5439: 5429: 5427: 5413: 5412: 5408: 5398: 5396: 5374: 5373: 5366: 5356: 5354: 5341: 5340: 5336: 5326: 5324: 5319:. May 1, 2022. 5311: 5310: 5306: 5296: 5294: 5281: 5280: 5273: 5268:Wayback Machine 5258: 5251: 5241: 5239: 5226: 5225: 5221: 5209: 5205: 5195: 5193: 5171: 5170: 5161: 5156:Wayback Machine 5146: 5142: 5135: 5119:Caro, Robert A. 5117: 5116: 5112: 5102: 5100: 5091: 5090: 5086: 5076: 5074: 5065: 5064: 5060: 5050: 5048: 5045:The Bronx Daily 5039: 5038: 5034: 5024: 5022: 5013: 5012: 5008: 4995: 4994: 4990: 4980: 4978: 4965: 4964: 4960: 4950: 4948: 4934: 4933: 4929: 4919: 4917: 4904: 4903: 4899: 4889: 4887: 4882:. p. XX1. 4873: 4872: 4868: 4858: 4856: 4843: 4842: 4838: 4828: 4826: 4804: 4803: 4799: 4785: 4783: 4779: 4768: 4764: 4763: 4759: 4749: 4747: 4725: 4724: 4720: 4710: 4708: 4686: 4685: 4678: 4652: 4651: 4647: 4637: 4635: 4614: 4613: 4606: 4596: 4594: 4571: 4570: 4566: 4556: 4554: 4534: 4530: 4529: 4525: 4515: 4513: 4491: 4490: 4486: 4476: 4474: 4456: 4455: 4451: 4441: 4439: 4426: 4425: 4421: 4411: 4409: 4389: 4385: 4384: 4380: 4354: 4353: 4346: 4336: 4334: 4321: 4320: 4316: 4306: 4304: 4283: 4282: 4278: 4252: 4251: 4247: 4237: 4235: 4222: 4221: 4217: 4207: 4205: 4183: 4182: 4178: 4168: 4166: 4153: 4152: 4148: 4122: 4121: 4114: 4104: 4102: 4081: 4080: 4076: 4066: 4064: 4042: 4041: 4037: 4011: 4010: 4006: 3996: 3994: 3972: 3971: 3967: 3957: 3955: 3933: 3932: 3928: 3902: 3901: 3897: 3871: 3870: 3866: 3856: 3854: 3833: 3832: 3828: 3802: 3801: 3797: 3787: 3785: 3763: 3762: 3758: 3732: 3731: 3724: 3714: 3712: 3708: 3701: 3691: 3690: 3686: 3676: 3674: 3661: 3660: 3656: 3646: 3644: 3630: 3625: 3624: 3620: 3610: 3608: 3592: 3591: 3587: 3577: 3575: 3556: 3555: 3551: 3534: 3533: 3529: 3512: 3511: 3507: 3497: 3495: 3476: 3475: 3468: 3458: 3456: 3442: 3438: 3437: 3433: 3423: 3421: 3416:. p. X17. 3407: 3406: 3402: 3384: 3383: 3379: 3369: 3367: 3353: 3352: 3348: 3338: 3336: 3315: 3314: 3310: 3300: 3298: 3276: 3275: 3271: 3245: 3244: 3240: 3214: 3213: 3209: 3199: 3197: 3176: 3175: 3171: 3161: 3159: 3137: 3136: 3127: 3117: 3115: 3094: 3093: 3089: 3079: 3077: 3055: 3054: 3050: 3040: 3038: 3017: 3016: 3012: 3002: 3000: 2979: 2978: 2974: 2964: 2962: 2941: 2940: 2936: 2910: 2909: 2905: 2895: 2893: 2872: 2871: 2864: 2838: 2837: 2828: 2818: 2816: 2802: 2801: 2792: 2777: 2759: 2758: 2749: 2739: 2737: 2715: 2714: 2710: 2700: 2698: 2676: 2675: 2671: 2658: 2657: 2653: 2627: 2626: 2619: 2593: 2592: 2588: 2578: 2576: 2554: 2553: 2546: 2520: 2519: 2515: 2505: 2503: 2482: 2481: 2477: 2467: 2465: 2452:. May 8, 1946. 2444: 2443: 2439: 2429: 2427: 2406: 2405: 2401: 2391: 2389: 2368: 2367: 2363: 2337: 2336: 2329: 2303: 2302: 2295: 2285: 2283: 2262: 2261: 2257: 2247: 2245: 2225: 2221: 2220: 2216: 2197: 2195: 2184: 2183: 2176: 2166: 2164: 2144: 2139: 2138: 2134: 2124: 2122: 2109: 2108: 2104: 2094: 2092: 2077: 2076: 2072: 2062: 2060: 2039: 2038: 2034: 2025: 2021: 2011: 2009: 1996: 1995: 1991: 1970: 1963: 1961: 1958:"Archived copy" 1956: 1950: 1949: 1945: 1935: 1933: 1923: 1922: 1913: 1908: 1904: 1894: 1892: 1870: 1869: 1862: 1857: 1852: 1851: 1818:IRT Pelham Line 1815: 1811: 1803: 1799: 1794: 1785: 1778: 1774: 1767: 1763: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1723: 1721: 1717: 1715: 1667: 1665: 1661: 1659: 1655: 1653: 1648: 1646: 1642: 1640: 1592: 1590: 1586: 1584: 1561: 1559: 1555: 1553: 1552: 1536: 1534: 1530: 1528: 1502: 1500: 1496: 1494: 1487: 1482: 1398: 1396: 1392: 1390: 1357: 1355: 1351: 1349: 1302: 1300: 1296: 1294: 1290: 1288: 1263: 1261: 1257: 1255: 1184: 1132: 1130: 1126: 1124: 1119: 1117: 1113: 1111: 1058: 939: 918: 854: 849: 829: 768: 766:Western section 719: 717:Central section 637: 635:Eastern section 628:Grand Concourse 563: 491: 486: 401: 399: 378:Grand Concourse 217:in Throggs Neck 210: 183: 178: 173: 171: 160: 158: 147: 141: 118: 113: 108: 99:Major junctions 94:in Throggs Neck 87: 85: 70: 65: 38: 26: 25: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5749: 5747: 5739: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5703: 5702: 5699: 5698: 5696: 5656: 5655: 5654: 5652: 5651:External links 5649: 5646: 5645: 5616: 5580: 5549: 5512: 5470: 5437: 5406: 5364: 5334: 5304: 5271: 5249: 5219: 5203: 5159: 5140: 5133: 5110: 5084: 5073:. June 8, 2024 5058: 5032: 5006: 4988: 4958: 4943:. p. 40. 4927: 4897: 4866: 4836: 4797: 4757: 4718: 4676: 4645: 4604: 4564: 4523: 4484: 4449: 4419: 4378: 4344: 4314: 4276: 4245: 4215: 4176: 4146: 4112: 4074: 4035: 4016:. p. 11. 4004: 3965: 3926: 3895: 3864: 3826: 3795: 3756: 3722: 3684: 3654: 3639:. p. 78. 3618: 3585: 3549: 3527: 3505: 3466: 3431: 3400: 3377: 3346: 3308: 3269: 3238: 3207: 3169: 3125: 3087: 3048: 3010: 2972: 2934: 2903: 2862: 2826: 2790: 2775: 2747: 2708: 2669: 2651: 2617: 2586: 2544: 2513: 2475: 2437: 2399: 2361: 2342:. p. 19. 2327: 2293: 2255: 2214: 2210:MeasuringWorth 2204:United States 2192:MeasuringWorth 2174: 2132: 2102: 2070: 2032: 2019: 1989: 1943: 1911: 1902: 1859: 1858: 1856: 1853: 1850: 1849: 1809: 1796: 1795: 1793: 1790: 1787: 1786: 1784: 1783: 1772: 1761: 1748: 1743: 1742: 1739: 1713: 1710: 1707: 1703: 1702: 1700: 1697: 1694: 1691: 1687: 1686: 1683: 1638: 1635: 1632: 1628: 1627: 1625: 1624:Randall Avenue 1622: 1619: 1616: 1612: 1611: 1608: 1582: 1579: 1577: 1574: 1573: 1570: 1526: 1522: 1521: 1518: 1492: 1489: 1484: 1479: 1473: 1472: 1469: 1466: 1463: 1460: 1457: 1451: 1450: 1443: 1441: 1438: 1437: 1435: 1426: 1423: 1420: 1417: 1411: 1410: 1407: 1388: 1385: 1382: 1379: 1373: 1372: 1369: 1347: 1344: 1341: 1337: 1336: 1333: 1331: 1329: 1323: 1322: 1319: 1316:Webster Avenue 1286: 1283: 1280: 1276: 1275: 1272: 1253: 1250: 1247: 1244: 1238: 1237: 1229: 1228: 1226: 1221: 1218: 1215: 1211: 1210: 1207: 1205:Yankee Stadium 1181: 1177: 1176: 1170: 1164: 1160: 1159: 1156: 1109: 1106: 1103: 1100: 1098:Morris Heights 1094: 1093: 1090: 1087: 1084: 1081: 1078: 1057: 1054: 938: 935: 923:Morris Heights 917: 914: 853: 850: 848: 845: 833:traffic circle 828: 825: 767: 764: 760:Concourse Line 756:Tremont, Bronx 723:James J. Lyons 718: 715: 711:Holland Tunnel 671:Queens Midtown 636: 633: 616:eminent domain 562: 559: 490: 487: 485: 482: 441:Webster Avenue 437:Yankee Stadium 398: 395: 386:elevated train 297: 296: 295: 294: 289: 284: 279: 274: 268: 267: 257: 256: 255:Highway system 252: 251: 248: 247: 242: 238: 237: 232: 228: 227: 223: 222: 219: 218: 207: 203: 202: 144: 138: 137: 135:Morris Heights 105: 101: 100: 96: 95: 79:Morris Heights 67: 61: 60: 57: 53: 52: 49: 45: 44: 40: 39: 36: 28: 27: 23: 22: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5748: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5721:Interstate 95 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5708: 5706: 5697: 5694: 5689: 5685: 5684: 5679: 5670: 5666: 5662: 5661: 5650: 5633: 5626: 5620: 5617: 5601: 5597: 5590: 5584: 5581: 5568: 5564: 5560: 5553: 5550: 5537: 5533: 5529: 5523: 5521: 5519: 5517: 5513: 5500: 5496: 5492: 5488: 5484: 5477: 5475: 5471: 5458: 5454: 5453: 5448: 5441: 5438: 5425: 5421: 5417: 5410: 5407: 5394: 5390: 5386: 5382: 5378: 5371: 5369: 5365: 5352: 5348: 5344: 5338: 5335: 5322: 5318: 5314: 5308: 5305: 5292: 5288: 5284: 5278: 5276: 5272: 5269: 5265: 5262: 5256: 5254: 5250: 5237: 5233: 5229: 5223: 5220: 5216: 5212: 5207: 5204: 5191: 5187: 5183: 5179: 5175: 5168: 5166: 5164: 5160: 5157: 5153: 5150: 5144: 5141: 5136: 5134:0-394-48076-7 5130: 5126: 5125: 5120: 5114: 5111: 5099: 5095: 5088: 5085: 5072: 5068: 5062: 5059: 5046: 5042: 5036: 5033: 5021: 5017: 5010: 5007: 5002: 4998: 4992: 4989: 4976: 4972: 4968: 4962: 4959: 4946: 4942: 4938: 4931: 4928: 4915: 4911: 4907: 4901: 4898: 4885: 4881: 4877: 4870: 4867: 4854: 4850: 4846: 4840: 4837: 4824: 4820: 4816: 4812: 4808: 4801: 4798: 4793: 4778: 4774: 4767: 4761: 4758: 4745: 4741: 4737: 4733: 4729: 4722: 4719: 4706: 4702: 4698: 4694: 4690: 4683: 4681: 4677: 4672: 4668: 4664: 4660: 4656: 4649: 4646: 4633: 4629: 4625: 4621: 4617: 4611: 4609: 4605: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4580: 4575: 4568: 4565: 4552: 4548: 4544: 4540: 4533: 4527: 4524: 4511: 4507: 4503: 4499: 4495: 4488: 4485: 4473: 4469: 4465: 4460: 4453: 4450: 4437: 4433: 4429: 4423: 4420: 4407: 4403: 4399: 4395: 4388: 4382: 4379: 4374: 4370: 4366: 4362: 4358: 4351: 4349: 4345: 4332: 4328: 4324: 4318: 4315: 4302: 4298: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4280: 4277: 4272: 4268: 4264: 4260: 4256: 4249: 4246: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4219: 4216: 4203: 4199: 4195: 4191: 4187: 4180: 4177: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4150: 4147: 4142: 4138: 4134: 4130: 4127:. p. 1. 4126: 4119: 4117: 4113: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4078: 4075: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4039: 4036: 4031: 4027: 4023: 4019: 4015: 4008: 4005: 3992: 3988: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3969: 3966: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3930: 3927: 3922: 3918: 3914: 3910: 3906: 3899: 3896: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3875: 3868: 3865: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3830: 3827: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3799: 3796: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3771: 3767: 3760: 3757: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3729: 3727: 3723: 3707: 3700: 3699: 3694: 3688: 3685: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3658: 3655: 3642: 3638: 3637: 3629: 3622: 3619: 3606: 3602: 3601: 3596: 3589: 3586: 3574:–18. May 1964 3573: 3569: 3565: 3564: 3559: 3553: 3550: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3531: 3528: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3509: 3506: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3480: 3473: 3471: 3467: 3454: 3450: 3449: 3441: 3435: 3432: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3404: 3401: 3396: 3392: 3388: 3381: 3378: 3365: 3361: 3357: 3350: 3347: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3312: 3309: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3273: 3270: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3242: 3239: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3219:. p. 3. 3218: 3211: 3208: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3173: 3170: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3134: 3132: 3130: 3126: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3091: 3088: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3052: 3049: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3014: 3011: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2982: 2976: 2973: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2938: 2935: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2907: 2904: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2869: 2867: 2863: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2843:. p. 3. 2842: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2827: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2799: 2797: 2795: 2791: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2772: 2768: 2767: 2762: 2756: 2754: 2752: 2748: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2712: 2709: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2673: 2670: 2666: 2661: 2655: 2652: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2632:. p. 3. 2631: 2624: 2622: 2618: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2590: 2587: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2551: 2549: 2545: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2517: 2514: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2479: 2476: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2441: 2438: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2403: 2400: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2365: 2362: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2334: 2332: 2328: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2300: 2298: 2294: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2259: 2256: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2224: 2218: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2194: 2193: 2188: 2181: 2179: 2175: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2143: 2136: 2133: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2106: 2103: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2081: 2074: 2071: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2036: 2033: 2029: 2023: 2020: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1993: 1990: 1985: 1981: 1975: 1959: 1953: 1947: 1944: 1932: 1931: 1926: 1920: 1918: 1916: 1912: 1906: 1903: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1867: 1865: 1861: 1854: 1847: 1846:Jerome Avenue 1843: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1813: 1810: 1807: 1801: 1798: 1791: 1781: 1773: 1770: 1762: 1758: 1750: 1749: 1744: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1704: 1688: 1682: 1681:New Haven, CT 1679:north – 1678: 1674: 1629: 1613: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1575: 1568: 1551: 1550:New Haven, CT 1547: 1543: 1523: 1517: 1513: 1510:south – 1509: 1478: 1474: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1447:Hugh J. Grant 1445:Tunnel under 1439: 1434: 1430: 1416: 1412: 1405: 1378: 1374: 1368: 1364: 1338: 1328: 1324: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1277: 1270: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1234:Jennie Jerome 1232:Tunnel under 1230: 1225: 1224:Jerome Avenue 1212: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1178: 1175: 1169: 1161: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1140:south / 1139: 1099: 1095: 1075: 1072: 1070: 1066: 1063: 1062:New York City 1055: 1053: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1040:In 2022, the 1038: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1022: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 988: 984: 980: 976: 972: 968: 964: 960: 956: 952: 943: 936: 934: 932: 928: 924: 916:Health issues 915: 913: 911: 907: 903: 899: 895: 894:New York City 885: 881: 879: 878: 873: 872: 867: 863: 859: 851: 846: 844: 840: 838: 834: 826: 824: 822: 818: 814: 810: 806: 802: 798: 793: 789: 785: 780: 772: 765: 763: 761: 757: 751: 749: 744: 735: 731: 728: 724: 716: 714: 712: 708: 704: 700: 696: 692: 688: 684: 679: 676: 672: 667: 663: 659: 655: 649: 641: 634: 632: 629: 624: 619: 617: 612: 608: 603: 601: 597: 593: 589: 585: 581: 576: 567: 560: 558: 556: 552: 548: 544: 541:In 1936, the 539: 537: 533: 529: 525: 521: 517: 513: 509: 505: 495: 488: 483: 481: 479: 475: 471: 467: 463: 458: 453: 451: 447: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 418: 396: 394: 392: 387: 383: 379: 375: 374:United States 371: 366: 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 324: 320: 316: 312: 311:New York City 308: 304: 293: 290: 288: 285: 283: 280: 278: 275: 273: 270: 269: 266: 265: 261: 260: 258: 253: 249: 246: 243: 239: 236: 235:United States 233: 229: 224: 220: 216: 208: 206:East end 204: 201: 197: 193: 189: 170: 166: 157: 153: 145: 139: 136: 132: 128: 124: 106: 104:West end 102: 97: 93: 84: 80: 76: 68: 62: 58: 54: 50: 46: 41: 34: 29: 20: 5726:U.S. Route 1 5658: 5638:September 5, 5636:. 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