2324:
856:
1974:
1218:
1096:
1964:
1456:
1024:
1906:
1166:
1488:
1291:
2026:
1656:
1576:
1566:
1546:
1386:
1311:
1208:
106:
2236:
1898:
1646:
1526:
974:
38:
86:
1696:
1508:
1261:
2456:
886:
1888:
1838:
1754:
2344:
2056:
2036:
1954:
1468:
896:
2492:
1231:
2396:
1301:
1241:
1136:
2436:
2304:
1994:
1636:
1556:
1366:
1086:
1056:
1044:
1004:
876:
1944:
1780:
1686:
1536:
1188:
1146:
994:
964:
946:
2446:
2426:
2076:
2046:
1498:
1478:
1376:
1178:
1128:
1034:
866:
1848:
1808:
1518:
1436:
1426:
1321:
1251:
1156:
916:
2416:
2256:
2246:
2016:
1868:
1446:
2406:
2376:
1984:
1736:
1726:
1716:
2226:
2004:
1626:
1606:
1586:
2386:
2216:
1790:
1706:
1800:
1416:
1396:
1198:
2364:
2294:
1924:
1770:
1666:
1331:
2480:
136:
98:
2284:
1818:
1108:
1828:
1616:
1596:
1271:
1118:
984:
2066:
1934:
1341:
936:
1914:
1858:
1676:
1406:
1356:
1281:
1066:
1076:
1014:
926:
2354:
1878:
2314:
956:
906:
2334:
674:
This is apparently reported in an 1829 vexillological publication (Собрание штандартов, флагов и вымпелов, употребляемых в Российской империи ("Collection of banners, flags and pennants, used in the
Russian Empire", St. Petersburg, 1829, reprinted 1833; the historicity of this is doubtful, c.f.
125:
72:
There are variants to the design, also known as "Jerusalem cross", with either the four crosslets also in the form of
Crosses potent, or conversely with the central cross, also in the form of a plain Greek cross. It is not to be confused with the
2323:
431:
The
Jerusalem cross is also the symbol of Kairos, a four-day Jesuit retreat that is held for youth in high schools and parishes around the world. The four crosses are used to symbolize the motto of the retreat, "Live the fourth".
264:; this was justified by the fact that Jerusalem was so holy, it was above ordinary rules. The gold and silver were also connected to Psalms 68:13, which mentions a "dove covered in silver, and her feathers with yellow gold".
117:
287:
by the
Byzantine Empire in 1261) used an extended form of the Jerusalem cross, where each of the four crosslets was itself surrounded by four smaller crosslets (a "Jerusalem cross of Jerusalem crosses").
2459:
398:(German Evangelical Church Congress) in the 1950s, since the 1960s shown in a simplified form where the central Cross potent is replaced by a simple Greek cross.
459:
applications. The
Jerusalem cross is an attractive choice for the periodic element because such a choice makes the frequency selective surface less sensitive to
260:. The arms of the King of Jerusalem featured gold on silver (in the case of John de Brienne, silver on gold), a metal on a metal, and thus broke the heraldic
831:
576:
372:
2464:
223:
The emblem used on the seals of the rulers of
Jerusalem during the 12th century was a simplified depiction of the city itself, showing the
250:
At about the same time, the cross of
Jerusalem in gold on a silver field appears as the coat of arms of the Kingdom of Jerusalem in early
243:(r. 1192–1197) show a cross with four dots in the four quarters, but the Jerusalem cross proper appears only on a coin minted under
2517:
395:
120:
Depiction of the
Jerusalem cross on a red (rather than silver) shield as the arms of Godfrey of Bouillon in a 14th-century miniature.
298:
424:, head of the Franciscan friars who serve at the holy Christian sites in Jerusalem, and whose work is supported by the Order. The
391:
443:
table. However, the glyph associated with that character according to the official
Unicode character sheet is shown as a simple
824:
425:
171:
383:
371:(Jerusalem Memorial Cross) order in the shape of a Jerusalem cross to those who accompanied him at the inauguration of the
2532:
166:. The symbolism of five crosses representing the Five Wounds is first recorded in the context of the consecration of the
2527:
1973:
1891:
1679:
284:
240:
460:
456:
417:
325:
208:
himself. It was not used, however, by the
Christian rulers of Jerusalem during the 12th century. A simple blazon of
2522:
1639:
1459:
1314:
855:
817:
421:
402:
367:
361:(later King Edward VII), visited Jerusalem in 1862, he had a Jerusalem cross tattooed on his arm. German Emperor
351:
315:
140:
31:
1095:
608:: diagonal cross with four dots in the four quadrants, no. 47: cross crosslet superimposed on a diagonal cross;
1539:
1149:
840:
65:, one in each quadrant. Heavily popularized in the crusades, it was used as the emblem and coat of arms of the
1963:
1743:
633:(hubert-herald.nl). The design is also found on coins minted under his successor, the last king of Jerusalem,
564:
2029:
2007:
1609:
1023:
889:
54:
1217:
689:
147:
While the symbol of the five-fold cross appears to originate in the 11th century, its association with the
2368:
2297:
2019:
1699:
1549:
167:
730:
A Prayer Book for the Armed Services: For Chaplains and Those in Service, Church Publishing, Inc., 2008,
491:
The design with the crosslets as crosses potent is medieval, e.g. found in 13th-century stonework in the
2409:
2039:
1905:
1419:
1165:
1099:
634:
440:
379:
155:
1669:
1455:
1290:
1575:
613:
609:
601:
593:
296:
In late medieval heraldry the Crusader's cross was used for various Crusader states. The 14th-century
189:
during 1158–1180 have the "Jerusalem cross" on the obverse, with the four crosslets depicted as
85:
1841:
1729:
1719:
1649:
1619:
1264:
899:
201:
148:
110:
66:
2455:
2235:
1897:
535:
513:
105:
2484:
2108:
1987:
1709:
1695:
1629:
1589:
1579:
1507:
997:
343:
A banner with a variation of the Jerusalem cross was used at the proclamation of the Revolution on
276:
205:
194:
186:
163:
128:
37:
1487:
2170:
2103:
1861:
1659:
879:
236:
90:
2025:
1887:
1655:
1565:
1545:
1385:
1310:
1207:
715:
Four Paths to Jerusalem: Jewish, Christian, Muslim, and Secular Pilgrimages, 1000 BCE to 2001 CE
2491:
2343:
2035:
1645:
973:
637:
2389:
2379:
2327:
1957:
1947:
1821:
1811:
1471:
1399:
1294:
1260:
1007:
977:
718:
731:
2059:
1525:
1334:
1017:
885:
859:
781:
335:
flew a flag with a variant of the Jerusalem cross in his campaign in the White Sea in 1693.
261:
244:
228:
159:
2435:
1837:
1635:
875:
2165:
2055:
1977:
1953:
1881:
1467:
1349:
1244:
1211:
1145:
1139:
987:
967:
963:
895:
546:
BNF Français 22495, fol. 78; the same ms. also has the Jerusalem cross in a silver field (
410:
332:
307:
217:
213:
1449:
577:
Kings and Coins in Medieval England VI - Henry II's Cross-and Crosslets coinage (1158–80)
2445:
2045:
1230:
2395:
2175:
2155:
2150:
2140:
2098:
2093:
2049:
1967:
1807:
1773:
1559:
1517:
1511:
1435:
1369:
1300:
1274:
1240:
1135:
1121:
1089:
1027:
909:
869:
617:
492:
472:
347:
268:
232:
224:
182:
74:
50:
41:
Jerusalem cross based on a cross potent (as commonly realised in early modern heraldry)
2415:
2303:
2245:
2015:
1993:
1867:
1555:
1365:
1085:
1055:
1043:
1003:
420:
uses the Jerusalem cross as its emblem, in red, which is also used in the arms of the
2511:
2192:
2145:
2069:
1997:
1937:
1689:
1491:
1439:
1409:
1344:
1234:
1191:
1079:
949:
939:
2405:
2375:
1983:
1943:
1779:
1725:
1715:
1685:
1535:
1187:
993:
945:
220:, who had been king of Jerusalem during 1210–1212, upon John's death in 1237.
124:
2425:
2249:
2187:
2160:
2135:
2130:
2113:
2075:
2003:
1927:
1851:
1625:
1605:
1585:
1529:
1501:
1497:
1477:
1389:
1379:
1375:
1359:
1181:
1177:
1169:
1159:
1127:
1069:
1047:
1037:
1033:
865:
804:
444:
378:
In the early 20th century, the Jerusalem cross also came to be used as a symbol of
344:
280:
272:
58:
2385:
2363:
1847:
1789:
1705:
1425:
1320:
1250:
1155:
915:
17:
676:
275:) a variant of the Jerusalem cross with the four crosslets inscribed in circles.
2496:
2255:
2229:
2202:
2118:
1799:
1599:
1481:
1445:
1429:
1415:
1395:
1324:
1254:
1059:
929:
919:
662:
630:
387:
321:
256:
175:
62:
2293:
1923:
1769:
1735:
1665:
1330:
2449:
2357:
2347:
2259:
2225:
2125:
1817:
1783:
1284:
1221:
1107:
770:"A Quasi-Yagi Antenna Backed by a Jerusalem Cross Frequency Selective Surface"
362:
358:
135:
97:
596:(facing p. 8), no. 12: pre-Roman British coin: a cross with the four letters
551:
547:
2479:
2429:
2215:
1917:
1827:
1739:
1675:
1615:
1595:
1270:
1117:
983:
2065:
1933:
1340:
1197:
1075:
935:
579:, www.treasurehunting.co.uk (February 2014), Figs. 10, 11, 14, 17–20.
428:, affiliated with the Order, also uses the Jerusalem cross in its emblem.
1913:
1857:
1405:
1355:
1280:
1065:
786:
769:
2439:
2419:
2399:
2317:
1871:
1793:
1111:
324:, a Venetian nobleman who visited Jerusalem and was made a knight of the
251:
2283:
1013:
925:
193:. Similar cross designs on the obverse of coins go back to at least the
2353:
2337:
2307:
2239:
2219:
2206:
1877:
1569:
652:
gules, a cross or, in each canton a crosslet in an annulet of the same.
436:
406:
311:
190:
575:
68.6 (1998), pp. 42–63 and plate 6; see also: Richard Kelleher,
328:
in the early 1570s, included the Jerusalem cross in his coat of arms.
314:(based on the latter example, the Crusader's cross was adopted as the
1831:
1201:
496:
495:
monastery, Armenia; another example is found in the Norman church at
2313:
955:
905:
2333:
271:(14th century) attributes to the "emperors of Constantinople" (the
116:
605:
439:
character set has a character ☩, U+2629 CROSS OF JERUSALEM in the
303:
134:
123:
115:
104:
96:
84:
36:
49:(also known as "five-fold Cross", or "cross-and-crosslets") is a
2287:
2182:
813:
154:
The symbolism of the five-fold cross is variously given as the
2266:
2263:
565:
A re-examination of the classification and chronology of the
101:
Jerusalem cross of five Greek crosses (late medieval variant)
809:
768:
Melais, Sergio E.; Cure, David; Weller, Thomas M. (2013).
283:
from 1273–1283 (even though Constantinople had been
774:
International Journal of Microwave Science and Technology
744:
174:(before 1035); the crosses are incised in the church's
394:. The Jerusalem cross was chosen as the emblem of the
77:, which has also been called the "Jerusalem cross".
2275:
2201:
2086:
1761:
847:
620:: cross with four dots in the four quadrants (etc.)
405:was introduced in 2004 on the basis of the flag of
382:in Protestantism. A derived design known as the "
2460:Descriptions in antiquity of the execution cross
663:Byzantium: Arms and Emblems (hubert-herald.nl)
151:dates to the second half of the 13th century.
825:
8:
526:
524:
522:
331:There is a historiographical tradition that
204:, the design is traditionally attributed to
27:Heraldic symbol and Christian cross variant
832:
818:
810:
373:Lutheran Church of the Redeemer, Jerusalem
365:visited Jerusalem in 1898 and awarded the
785:
677:Russian Navy: early flags (crwflags.com)
532:The Cross in Tradition, History and Art
510:The Cross in Tradition, History and Art
484:
455:The Jerusalem cross is often used in
392:Episcopal Church in the United States
131:as depicted in a late medieval fresco
7:
2465:List of tallest crosses in the world
690:"The banner of Anthimos Gazis, 1821"
604:(facing p. 16), no. 36: early Saxon
89:Jerusalem cross on a silver coin of
396:Deutscher Evangelischer Kirchentag
25:
745:"Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem"
2490:
2478:
2454:
2444:
2434:
2424:
2414:
2404:
2394:
2384:
2374:
2362:
2352:
2342:
2332:
2322:
2312:
2302:
2292:
2282:
2254:
2244:
2234:
2224:
2214:
2074:
2064:
2054:
2044:
2034:
2024:
2014:
2002:
1992:
1982:
1972:
1962:
1952:
1942:
1932:
1922:
1912:
1904:
1896:
1886:
1876:
1866:
1856:
1846:
1836:
1826:
1816:
1806:
1798:
1788:
1778:
1768:
1752:
1734:
1724:
1714:
1704:
1694:
1684:
1674:
1664:
1654:
1644:
1634:
1624:
1614:
1604:
1594:
1584:
1574:
1564:
1554:
1544:
1534:
1524:
1516:
1506:
1496:
1486:
1476:
1466:
1454:
1444:
1434:
1424:
1414:
1404:
1394:
1384:
1374:
1364:
1354:
1339:
1329:
1319:
1309:
1299:
1289:
1279:
1269:
1259:
1249:
1239:
1229:
1216:
1206:
1196:
1186:
1176:
1164:
1154:
1144:
1134:
1126:
1116:
1106:
1094:
1084:
1074:
1064:
1054:
1042:
1032:
1022:
1012:
1002:
992:
982:
972:
962:
954:
944:
934:
924:
914:
904:
894:
884:
874:
864:
854:
616:(facing p. 22) no. 66: penny of
749:Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem
426:Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem
281:Latin Emperor of Constantinople
600:placed in the four quadrants;
384:Episcopal Church Service Cross
306:. At about the same time, the
1:
447:, and not a Jerusalem cross.
181:The "cross-and-crosslets" or
109:The conventional arms of the
650:Die Keyser v. Constantinopel
499:, Northamptonshire, England.
451:Frequency selective surfaces
30:For the Prussian award, see
590:The silver coins of England
457:frequency selective surface
418:Order of the Holy Sepulchre
326:Order of the Holy Sepulchre
61:surrounded by four smaller
2549:
2518:11th-century introductions
573:British Numismatic Journal
422:Custodian of the Holy Land
368:Jerusalem-Erinnerungskreuz
164:four quarters of the world
29:
2473:
1750:
352:Greek War of Independence
32:Jerusalem Cross (Prussia)
2260:Staurogram/Monogrammatic
386:" was first used during
279:, who held the title of
2485:Christianity portal
638:(forumancientcoins.com)
550:) and in a blue field (
359:Albert, Prince of Wales
310:uses it as the flag of
302:uses it as the flag of
170:under the patronage of
55:Christian cross variant
2298:Armenian eternity sign
870:Anchored/Saint Clement
805:Jerusalem Civil Ensign
530:William Wood Seymour,
144:
132:
121:
113:
102:
94:
57:consisting of a large
42:
2410:Shield of the Trinity
1492:Portate/Saint Gilbert
508:William Woo Seymour,
441:Miscellaneous Symbols
239:. Coins minted under
156:Five Wounds of Christ
138:
127:
119:
108:
100:
88:
40:
2533:Kingdom of Jerusalem
2183:Rood/Triumphal cross
1620:Saint James/Santiago
1570:Saltire/Saint Andrew
1245:Grapevine/Saint Nino
380:world evangelisation
299:Book of All Kingdoms
235:, surrounded by the
202:Kingdom of Jerusalem
191:decussate (diagonal)
162:, or Christ and the
149:Kingdom of Jerusalem
111:Kingdom of Jerusalem
67:Kingdom of Jerusalem
2528:Crosses in heraldry
2450:Triskelion/Triskele
1892:Cuthbert's pectoral
1315:Jerusalem (Kingdom)
1305:Jerusalem/Crusaders
787:10.1155/2013/354789
717:, McFarland, 2002,
567:cross-and-crosslets
350:in May 1821 in the
277:Philip of Courtenay
206:Godfrey of Bouillon
200:As the arms of the
187:Henry II of England
168:St Brelade's Church
129:Godfrey of Bouillon
461:angle of incidence
292:Classical heraldry
210:or, a cross argent
195:Anglo-Saxon period
172:Robert of Normandy
145:
133:
122:
114:
103:
95:
91:James II of Cyprus
43:
18:Cross of Jerusalem
2523:Christian crosses
2505:
2504:
2420:Sunwheel swastika
1803:Blanc croix rouge
661:Hubert de Vries,
629:Hubert de Vries,
212:is documented by
158:, Christ and the
69:from the 1280s.
16:(Redirected from
2540:
2495:
2494:
2483:
2482:
2458:
2448:
2438:
2428:
2418:
2408:
2398:
2388:
2378:
2366:
2356:
2346:
2336:
2326:
2316:
2306:
2296:
2286:
2258:
2248:
2238:
2228:
2218:
2078:
2068:
2058:
2048:
2038:
2028:
2018:
2006:
1996:
1986:
1976:
1966:
1956:
1946:
1936:
1926:
1916:
1908:
1900:
1890:
1880:
1872:Cross cramponnée
1870:
1860:
1850:
1840:
1830:
1820:
1810:
1802:
1792:
1782:
1772:
1756:
1755:
1738:
1730:Syriac (Western)
1728:
1720:Syriac (Eastern)
1718:
1708:
1700:Serbian Orthodox
1698:
1688:
1678:
1668:
1658:
1648:
1638:
1628:
1618:
1608:
1598:
1588:
1578:
1568:
1558:
1550:Russian Orthodox
1548:
1538:
1528:
1520:
1510:
1500:
1490:
1480:
1470:
1458:
1448:
1438:
1428:
1418:
1408:
1398:
1388:
1378:
1368:
1358:
1343:
1333:
1323:
1313:
1303:
1293:
1283:
1273:
1263:
1253:
1243:
1233:
1220:
1210:
1200:
1190:
1180:
1168:
1158:
1148:
1138:
1130:
1120:
1110:
1098:
1088:
1078:
1068:
1058:
1046:
1036:
1026:
1016:
1006:
996:
986:
976:
966:
958:
948:
938:
928:
918:
908:
898:
888:
878:
868:
858:
834:
827:
820:
811:
792:
791:
789:
765:
759:
758:
756:
755:
741:
735:
728:
722:
711:
705:
704:
702:
700:
686:
680:
672:
666:
659:
653:
646:
640:
627:
621:
612:(facing p. 18);
588:Edward Hawkins,
586:
580:
569:type of Henry II
561:
555:
544:
538:
528:
517:
506:
500:
489:
390:by the Anglican
262:Rule of Tincture
247:(r. 1284-1285).
229:Dome of the Rock
160:four evangelists
21:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2537:
2508:
2507:
2506:
2501:
2497:Arts portal
2489:
2477:
2469:
2271:
2197:
2082:
1757:
1753:
1748:
1420:Order of Christ
1212:Globus cruciger
1028:Catherine wheel
843:
838:
801:
796:
795:
767:
766:
762:
753:
751:
743:
742:
738:
729:
725:
712:
708:
698:
696:
688:
687:
683:
673:
669:
660:
656:
647:
643:
628:
624:
587:
583:
563:T.C.R. Crafter,
562:
558:
545:
541:
529:
520:
507:
503:
490:
486:
481:
469:
453:
411:Pizzigano chart
403:flag of Georgia
341:
333:Peter the Great
316:flag of Georgia
308:Pizzigano chart
294:
218:John of Brienne
216:as the arms of
141:flag of Georgia
83:
47:Jerusalem cross
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2546:
2544:
2536:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2510:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2499:
2487:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2462:
2452:
2442:
2432:
2422:
2412:
2402:
2392:
2382:
2380:Solomon's knot
2372:
2360:
2350:
2340:
2330:
2320:
2310:
2300:
2290:
2279:
2277:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2252:
2242:
2232:
2222:
2211:
2209:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2122:
2121:
2116:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2080:
2072:
2062:
2052:
2050:Teutonic Order
2042:
2032:
2022:
2012:
2011:
2010:
1990:
1980:
1970:
1960:
1950:
1940:
1930:
1920:
1910:
1902:
1894:
1884:
1874:
1864:
1862:Coptic (Early)
1854:
1844:
1834:
1824:
1814:
1804:
1796:
1786:
1776:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1758:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1746:
1732:
1722:
1712:
1702:
1692:
1682:
1672:
1662:
1652:
1642:
1632:
1622:
1612:
1602:
1592:
1582:
1572:
1562:
1552:
1542:
1532:
1522:
1514:
1504:
1494:
1484:
1474:
1464:
1463:
1462:
1442:
1432:
1422:
1412:
1402:
1392:
1382:
1372:
1362:
1352:
1347:
1337:
1327:
1317:
1307:
1297:
1287:
1277:
1267:
1265:Greek Orthodox
1257:
1247:
1237:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1204:
1194:
1184:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1152:
1142:
1132:
1124:
1122:Cruciform halo
1114:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1082:
1072:
1062:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1030:
1020:
1010:
1000:
990:
980:
970:
960:
952:
942:
932:
922:
912:
902:
900:Archiepiscopal
892:
882:
872:
862:
851:
849:
845:
844:
839:
837:
836:
829:
822:
814:
808:
807:
800:
799:External links
797:
794:
793:
760:
736:
723:
706:
681:
667:
654:
641:
622:
618:Offa of Mercia
581:
556:
539:
518:
501:
493:Nor Varagavank
483:
482:
480:
477:
476:
475:
473:Jerusalem cube
468:
465:
452:
449:
348:Anthimos Gazis
340:
337:
293:
290:
269:Gelre Armorial
233:Holy Sepulchre
225:tower of David
183:Tealby pennies
82:
79:
75:Lorraine cross
51:heraldic cross
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2545:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2475:
2472:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2433:
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2427:
2423:
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2417:
2413:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2391:
2387:
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2365:
2361:
2359:
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2339:
2335:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2319:
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2309:
2305:
2301:
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2291:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2274:
2268:
2265:
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2257:
2253:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2077:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1745:
1744:Saint Anthony
1741:
1737:
1733:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1641:
1640:Saint Patrick
1637:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1601:
1600:Saint Florian
1597:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1009:
1005:
1001:
999:
995:
991:
989:
985:
981:
979:
975:
971:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
951:
947:
943:
941:
937:
933:
931:
927:
923:
921:
917:
913:
911:
907:
903:
901:
897:
893:
891:
887:
883:
881:
877:
873:
871:
867:
863:
861:
857:
853:
852:
850:
848:In modern use
846:
842:
835:
830:
828:
823:
821:
816:
815:
812:
806:
803:
802:
798:
788:
783:
779:
775:
771:
764:
761:
750:
746:
740:
737:
733:
727:
724:
720:
716:
710:
707:
695:
691:
685:
682:
678:
671:
668:
664:
658:
655:
651:
645:
642:
639:
636:
632:
626:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
585:
582:
578:
574:
570:
568:
560:
557:
553:
549:
543:
540:
537:
533:
527:
525:
523:
519:
515:
511:
505:
502:
498:
494:
488:
485:
478:
474:
471:
470:
466:
464:
462:
458:
450:
448:
446:
442:
438:
433:
429:
427:
423:
419:
414:
412:
409:shown in the
408:
404:
399:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
376:
374:
370:
369:
364:
360:
355:
353:
349:
346:
338:
336:
334:
329:
327:
323:
319:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
300:
291:
289:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
265:
263:
259:
258:
253:
248:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
221:
219:
215:
214:Matthew Paris
211:
207:
203:
198:
196:
192:
188:
185:minted under
184:
179:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
152:
150:
142:
137:
130:
126:
118:
112:
107:
99:
92:
87:
80:
78:
76:
70:
68:
64:
63:Greek crosses
60:
56:
52:
48:
39:
33:
19:
2367:
2250:Signum manus
2203:Christograms
2171:Processional
2104:Conciliation
2030:Saint Julian
1842:Consecration
1680:Saint Thomas
1660:Saint Philip
1610:Saint George
1304:
880:Anuradhapura
777:
773:
763:
752:. Retrieved
748:
739:
726:
714:
713:Hunt Janin,
709:
697:. Retrieved
693:
684:
670:
657:
649:
644:
625:
597:
589:
584:
572:
566:
559:
542:
531:
509:
504:
487:
454:
445:cross potent
434:
430:
415:
400:
377:
366:
356:
345:Mount Pelion
342:
330:
320:
297:
295:
273:Latin Empire
266:
255:
254:such as the
249:
227:between the
222:
209:
199:
180:
153:
146:
71:
59:cross potent
46:
44:
2390:Scientology
2230:IX monogram
2087:By function
2020:Saint Alban
1822:Carolingian
1710:Short Sword
1670:Saint Piran
1650:Saint Peter
1590:Saint David
1472:Patriarchal
1325:Latin/Roman
1150:Evangelists
930:Balkenkreuz
920:Arrow/Barby
401:The modern
388:World War I
322:Carlo Maggi
285:reconquered
257:Camden Roll
176:altar stone
93:(1463–1473)
2512:Categories
2060:Two-barred
1762:Historical
1630:Saint John
1580:Saint Chad
1521:Resistance
1335:Macedonian
1224:'s variant
1222:Archbishop
1018:Canterbury
890:Archangels
754:2024-03-27
699:16 January
694:Mailink SA
598:C, R, A, B
479:References
416:The papal
363:Wilhelm II
339:Modern use
318:in 2004).
237:city walls
2207:Chrismons
2166:Preaching
2008:Quarterly
1978:Nestorian
1918:Gammadion
1901:Engrailed
1140:Ethiopian
988:Byzantine
968:Bulgarian
648:No.1484.
631:Jerusalem
592:(1841),
534:, 1898,
304:Sebasteia
252:armorials
2440:Swastika
2400:Shamrock
2328:Kolovrat
2318:Irminsul
2276:See also
2176:Lalibela
2156:Pectoral
2151:Necklace
2141:Memorial
2109:Heraldry
2099:Blessing
1958:Lorraine
1928:Jewelled
1774:Avellane
1512:Quadrate
1400:Novgorod
1370:Maronite
1295:Jeremiah
1275:Huguenot
1112:Crucifix
1090:Crosslet
1060:Cercelée
1008:Camargue
978:Burgundy
910:Armenian
635:Henry II
552:fol. 115
512:, 1898,
467:See also
231:and the
2348:Mjölnir
2338:Lauburu
2308:Ichthys
2240:Labarum
2220:Chi Rho
2193:Wayside
2146:Mission
2070:Victory
2040:Templar
1998:Pierced
1988:Peñalba
1948:Lazarus
1938:Katanga
1909:Erminée
1690:Serbian
1540:Russian
1460:Fitchée
1440:Patonce
1410:Occitan
1345:Maltese
1235:Gnostic
1192:Fourchy
1080:Cossack
1048:Variant
998:Calvary
950:Bottony
940:Bolnisi
860:Alcoraz
841:Crosses
780:: 1–8.
665:(2011).
614:plate 5
610:plate 4
602:plate 3
594:plate 1
548:fol. 36
437:Unicode
407:Tbilisi
312:Tbilisi
245:John II
241:Henry I
81:Origins
2188:Summit
2161:Plague
2136:Mercat
2131:Market
2114:Nordic
2079:Voided
1852:Coptic
1832:Chouan
1812:Brigid
1530:Ringed
1502:Potent
1450:Pattée
1390:Nordic
1380:Moline
1360:Marian
1350:Marada
1202:Fylfot
1182:Forked
1170:Fitchy
1160:Fleury
1131:Double
1100:Fitchy
1070:Coptic
1038:Celtic
959:Branch
719:p. 169
536:p. 364
514:p. 356
497:Bozeat
2119:Pisan
2094:Altar
1968:Neith
1882:Crown
1794:Black
1560:Salem
1482:Pommy
1430:Papal
1255:Greek
732:p. 10
606:sceat
357:When
2369:Rota
2358:Rose
2288:Ankh
2126:High
1784:Aviz
1285:Iron
778:2013
701:2020
435:The
267:The
139:The
53:and
45:The
2430:Sun
2267:Rho
2264:Tau
1740:Tau
782:doi
2514::
2205:,
776:.
772:.
747:.
692:.
571:,
554:).
521:^
463:.
413:.
375:.
354:.
197:.
178:.
2262:/
1742:/
833:e
826:t
819:v
790:.
784::
757:.
734:.
721:.
703:.
679:.
516:.
143:.
34:.
20:)
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