27:
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armed with crucifixes, prayed and sang hymns around the cross, their opponents chanted "Go to church" and declared the defenders to be "Catholic fanatics". One of the opponents carried a cross made of beer cans. The two groups were separated by the police who set up metal barriers to prevent clashes. Many were shocked by the rise of the counter movement, as Poland's younger generation had not been considered politically active.
121:). Most of the defenders believed that the Smolensk air crash was the result of a conspiracy, in which the new Polish government was involved. The defender movement guarded the cross around the clock. The protesters clashed with the police and the cross was not moved on that day. The situation became a contentious issue in
128:
The defenders of the cross clashed with the young supporters of a secularist counter movement, which maintained that in a secular state a cross has no place in a public space and that it should be removed from its prominent position in front of the
Presidential Palace. As the defenders, many of them
132:
On 16 September 2010, the cross was moved to a chapel in the
Presidential Palace, this time without a prior announcement, as the government did not want to give the defenders movement an opportunity to prepare for their action. On 10 November 2010, it was moved to
523:"Raport z monitoringu na temat prezentowania w programach telewizyjnych przebiegu wydarzeń związanych z zamiarem przeniesienia krzyża sprzed Pałacu Prezydenckiego do Kościoła św. Anny"
538:
156:
Polish media devoted significant attention to the event. In August, all of the major Polish news networks had teams monitoring the situation 24 hours a day. An analysis by the
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revealed that Polish stations devoted a significant amount of time to coverage of the related events. In regard to news coverage on regular channels, the lead was taken by
483:
312:
145:
The cross provoked a major debate in Polish society and the media about the correct way to honor the victims of the April air crash, the positioning of a
597:
582:
184:(95 min.). For non-news coverage (discussions, analysis, etc.), the lead was taken by TVN24 (279 min.), followed by TVP Info (249 min.), TVP2 (33 min.).
113:
The cross was to be moved on 3 August but this caused increasingly vocal protests from the PiS supporters, known as the "defenders of the cross" (
191:
was split on the issue; support by many church officials for the removal of the cross has led to their estrangement from the defenders movement.
456:
400:
157:
428:
607:
55:
91:
26:
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67:
66:, where it currently resides. The cross was controversial, provoking debate in Polish society and media about the issues of
30:
The cross, 10 September 2010, visible in the background. In front, the barricade wall decorated by the "defenders" movement.
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on 15 April 2010, five days after the plane accident. Among those killed in the crash was Polish
President
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153:, and the actions taken by the Polish government. The cross was seen as a symbol of this debate.
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83:
461:
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106:. The move was supported by the Scouts who erected the cross in the first place and the
110:, but criticized by certain groups, as the issue gained notoriety in the Polish media.
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on 16 September 2010 and, on 10 November 2010, was again moved, this time to
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in a public place, relations between the Polish State and the
22:
The cross, 23 July 2010, in front of the
Presidential Palace.
345:"Poland's new president and old problems: Knots and crosses"
54:
which was erected as a memorial to the 96 casualties of the
125:, as the defenders gained the support of the PiS party.
102:(PO) party, requested that the cross be moved to nearby
176:(35 min.), and for the dedicated Polish news channels,
429:"Poland's Heated Row Over Cross Reaches Boiling Point"
372:"Poland clash over memorial cross for Lech Kaczynski"
315:. Agence France-Presse. 9 August 2010. Archived from
313:"Big protest against cross to late Polish president"
36:
457:"Memorial cross exposes Poland's religious divide"
78:The cross was erected spontaneously by a group of
279:"In Poland, a Memorial Becomes a Battleground"
8:
484:"Controversy over Presidential Palace cross"
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94:, in July 2010, the new Polish president,
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401:"Crash Cross Removed From Polish Palace"
58:. It was first moved to a chapel in the
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17:
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492:. wbj.pl. 13 July 2010. Archived from
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399:Sobczyk, Marcin (17 September 2010).
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70:, politics, religion and patriotism.
7:
427:Sobczyk, Marcin (10 August 2010).
277:Dempsey, Judy (1 September 2010).
236:Leszczynski, Adam (6 April 2011).
56:2010 Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash
14:
598:Religious controversies in Poland
583:Monuments and memorials in Warsaw
455:Paterson, Tony (12 August 2010).
137:, where it currently resides.
68:separation of church and state
1:
238:"A very Polish protest party"
158:National Broadcasting Council
90:(PiS) party. Soon after the
629:
380:. bbc.co.uk. 3 August 2010
608:Catholic Church in Poland
189:Catholic Church in Poland
135:St. Anne's Church, Warsaw
98:, from the more centrist
64:St. Anne's Church, Warsaw
180:(366 min.) was ahead of
603:Controversies in Poland
489:Warsaw Business Journal
434:The Wall Street Journal
406:The Wall Street Journal
343:J. P. (6 August 2010).
164:(57 min.), followed by
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31:
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593:Smolensk air disaster
554:52.24278°N 21.01528°E
92:presidential election
29:
21:
108:archbishop of Warsaw
96:Bronisław Komorowski
86:of the conservative
550: /
60:Presidential Palace
38:(also known as the
613:2010 controversies
559:52.24278; 21.01528
284:The New York Times
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104:St. Anne's Church
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578:Memorial crosses
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496:on 16 April 2013
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201:Auschwitz cross
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151:Catholic Church
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123:Polish politics
88:Law and Justice
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48:krzyż smoleński
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319:on 10 May 2011
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172:(39 min.) and
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119:obrońcy krzyża
100:Civic Platform
84:Lech Kaczyński
75:
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50:) is a wooden
40:Smolensk Cross
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80:Polish Scouts
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528:(in Polish).
498:. Retrieved
494:the original
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317:the original
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243:The Guardian
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500:11 November
468:10 November
440:10 November
412:10 November
384:10 November
356:11 November
323:10 November
290:10 November
249:10 November
168:(42 min.),
572:Categories
545:21°00′55″E
542:52°14′34″N
212:References
206:Sejm cross
377:BBC News
195:See also
182:TVP Info
74:History
174:Polsat
141:Debate
44:Polish
526:(PDF)
178:TVN24
147:cross
52:cross
502:2011
470:2011
442:2011
414:2011
386:2011
358:2011
325:2011
292:2011
251:2011
187:The
166:TVP2
162:TVP1
34:The
170:TVN
115:pol
574::
510:^
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333:^
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253:.
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