406:
172:
382:
450:, other animals such as cattle, horses, birds and cats may also be bred in this fashion. Some crossbred breeders start a freestanding breed registry to record designer crossbreds, other crossbreds may be included in an "appendix" to an existing purebred registry. either form of registration may be the first step in recording and tracking
125:
In cattle, there are systems of crossbreeding. In many crossbreeds, one animal is larger than the other. One is used when the purebred females are particularly adapted to a specific environment, and are crossed with purebred bulls from another environment to produce a generation having traits of both
138:
Results of crossbreeding classic and woolly breeds of llama are unpredictable. The resulting offspring displays physical characteristics of either parent, or a mix of characteristics from both, periodically producing a fleeced llama. The results are increasingly unpredictable when both parents are
517:
of the combination. An F2 cross bred to an F2 cross creates an F3 cross. Similarly, an F2 animal bred to an F1 animal creates an F2b backcross. F3 crosses and greater are called "multi-generational" crosses. In dog breeding, three generations of reliable documented breeding can be considered a
226:, which will register horses with one Thoroughbred parent and one registered Quarter Horse parent in the "Appendix" registry, and allow such animals full breed registration status as Quarter Horses if they meet a certain performance standard. Another well-known crossbred horse is the
34:
parents of two different breeds, varieties, or populations. A domestic animal of unknown ancestry, where the breed status of only one parent or grandparent is known, may also be called a crossbreed though the term "mixed breed" is technically more accurate.
526:
is a frequent breed used in creation of designer crossbreeds, due to its non-shedding coat, but that trait does not always breed true when it is part of a designer cross. Also, because breeders of crossbred animals may be less careful about
167:
without loss of attractiveness of the dog. Certain planned crossbreeding between purebred dogs of different breeds are now widely known as "designer dogs" and can produce puppies worth more than their purebred parents, due to a high demand.
63:
Crossbreeding is the process of breeding such an organism. It can be beneficially used to maintain health and viability of organisms. However, irresponsible crossbreeding can also produce organisms of inferior quality or dilute a
521:
There are disadvantages to creating designer crossbreeds, notably the potential that the cross will be of inferior quality or that it will not produce as consistent a result as would breeding purebred animals. For example, the
234:
crossed on a
Thoroughbred, or by various crosses of Anglo-Arabians with other Anglo-Arabians, as long as the ensuing animal never has more than 75% or less than 25% of each breed represented in its pedigree.
1399:
438:. These animals are the result of a deliberate decision to create a specific crossbred animal. Less often, the animal may have more than two pure breeds in its ancestry, but unlike a mutt or a
253:
animal is one with parentage of two separate species, differentiating it from crossbred animals, which have parentage of the same species. Hybrids are usually, but not always, sterile.
132:
The large number of breeds of sheep, which vary greatly, creates an opportunity for crossbreeding to be used to tailor production of lambs to the goal of the individual stockman.
535:
may still be passed on to a crossbreed offspring. In an F2 cross, recessive genetic traits may also return if the parent animals were both carriers of an undesired trait.
584:
60:
is uncommon, and no universal term is used to distinguish hybridization or crossing within a population from those between populations, or even those between species.
743:
194:
Crossbreeding horses is often done with the intent of ultimately creating a new breed of horse. One type of modern crossbreeding in horses created many of the
630:
513:." The breeding of two crossbreeds of the same combination of breeds, creating an F2 cross, an animal that is still a 50–50 cross, but it is the second
39:
is a type of crossbreeding used within a purebred breed to increase the genetic diversity within the breed, particularly when there is a need to avoid
1255:
210:
procedure that evaluates conformation, pedigree and, in some animals, a training or performance standard. Most warmblood breeds began as a cross of
682:
1382:
218:, but have, in some cases, developed over the past century to the point where they are considered to be a true-breeding population and have a
1204:
1307:
163:, which has ancestry from many sources, some of which may not be known. Crossbreeds are popular, due to the belief that they have
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1334:
885:
116:
1319:
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A mixed-breed animal is defined as having undocumented or unknown parentage, while a crossbreed generally has known, usually
1171:
139:
crossbreeds, with possibility of the offspring displaying characteristics of a grandparent, not obvious in either parent.
509:. Subsequent generations may see a purebred animal crossed back on a crossbred, creating a 75/25 cross, or a BC1 or F1b "
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parents of two distinct breeds or varieties. A dog of unknown parentage is often called a mixed-breed dog, "mutt" or "
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generically, and in some dialects is often called a "moggie". A horse of unknown bloodlines is called a
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is known to descend from specific known animals. While the term is best known when applied to certain
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dog is a cross between two (sometimes more) known breeds, and is usually distinguished from a
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The purpose of creating designer crossbreds is usually one or more of the following reasons:
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to develop an animal that combines what are viewed as the best traits of two or more breeds,
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are crossbreeds between existing, well-established breeds (sometimes with limited
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At one time it was thought that dogs and wolves were separate species, and the
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are crosses between different species. In plant breeding terminology, the term
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940:
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was developed from crossbreeding programs in the 1970s and 1980s that blended
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69:
40:
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316:(alpaca) resulted in a hybrid with none of the advantages of either parent.
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were called wolf hybrids. Today wolves and dogs are both recognized as
381:
628:
Crossbreeding In Sheep, by Angie Bailey, Jason Canup and Jorge Lucena
523:
392:
301:
265:
95:
with some wild species), to either combine selected traits from the
797:"Crossbreeding Beef Cattle - Home - Virginia Cooperative Extension"
426:
A designer crossbreed or designer breed is a crossbred animal with
222:. Other types of recognized crossbreeding include that within the
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as the preliminary steps toward developing a new animal breed.
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to create animals with more predictable characteristics than
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plant breeding: A first generation, 50–50 crossbred is an
618:
Department of
Primary Industries and Fisheries, Queensland
531:
and weeding out undesirable traits, certain deleterious
351:." A cat of unknown parentage is often referred to as a
256:
One of the most ancient types of hybrid animal is the
1468:
1343:
1140:
989:
923:
744:"What is a Designer Dog Breed - About Hybrid Dogs"
329:, but the old term "wolf hybrid" is still used.
879:
609:Cross breeding systems for beef cattle larger
8:
746:. Dogs.about.com. 2013-07-14. Archived from
107:. However, some nascent breeds such as the
633:2008-05-24 at Wikiwix Purdue University, US
497:Breeders of designer crossbreds borrow the
300:(between a male tiger and female lion) and
50:are crosses within a single species, while
971:Smart breeding (Marker-assisted selection)
886:
872:
864:
791:
789:
770:"Can Parrots Crossbreed? (Hybrid Parrots)"
837:
835:
308:). The Incas recognized that hybrids of
87:The many newly developed and recognized
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732:
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705:"An Ancient Livestock, by Barbara Lang"
576:
16:Animal with parents of differing breeds
230:, which may be produced by a purebred
202:disciplines, usually registered in an
7:
843:""Designer Dogs" vs 'Purebred Dogs""
585:"The sad truth about animal hybrids"
111:are developed entirely from a local
1400:Selection methods in plant breeding
685:from the original on 1 January 2018
673:Anitei, Stefan (11 December 2006).
654:from the original on 24 August 2017
465:, commonly known as "hybrid vigor",
430:parents, usually registered with a
518:"breed" rather than a crossbreed.
487:that plague many purebred animals,
14:
819:"F2 generation - definition from"
454:in order to develop a new breed.
675:"Why Are Hybrids Sterile ?"
404:
380:
768:Stephens, Carrie (2022-11-05).
419:and one of several other breeds
374:Examples of designer crossbreds
321:crosses between dogs and wolves
80:Crossbreeds in specific animals
1:
479:to avoid certain undesirable
296:. Other crosses include the
415:horse is a cross between a
260:, a cross between a female
21:Crossbreed (disambiguation)
1553:
336:
242:
146:
68:gene pool to the point of
18:
1358:Marker-assisted selection
946:Marker-assisted selection
905:
434:, but from two different
357:domestic long-haired cat
845:. IDCBA. Archived from
117:experimental cat breeds
1440:Outbreeding depression
461:to breed animals with
304:(between a yak and an
224:American Quarter Horse
188:
99:, or propagate a rare
89:breeds of domestic cat
1445:Inbreeding depression
961:Preservation breeding
353:domestic short-haired
288:is a cross between a
276:cross between a male
174:
821:. Biology-Online.org
545:Artificial selection
483:traits that lead to
413:Friesian Sport Horse
46:In animal breeding,
30:is an organism with
19:For other uses, see
1132:Designer crossbreed
715:on 13 February 2012
709:alpacasincanada.com
648:lostcreekllamas.com
367:Designer crossbreed
198:breeds used in the
185:American Saddlebred
177:National Show Horse
966:Selective breeding
915:Lists of cultivars
614:2008-06-08 at the
565:Selective breeding
499:technical language
208:studbook selection
189:
115:population. Most
103:without excessive
1519:
1518:
1363:Natural selection
1344:Selection methods
951:Mutation breeding
799:. Pubs.ext.vt.edu
774:All About Parrots
515:filial generation
119:are crossbreeds.
1544:
1127:Captive breeding
1122:Breeding program
1102:Backyard breeder
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711:. Archived from
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644:"classic llamas"
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587:. Archived from
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485:genetic diseases
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245:Hybrid (biology)
220:closed stud book
97:foundation stock
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1532:Animal breeding
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1388:selective sweep
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533:dominant genes
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397:Cocker Spaniel
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337:Main article:
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306:American bison
243:Main article:
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239:Hybrid animals
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204:open stud book
149:Dog crossbreed
147:Main article:
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991:Animal breeds
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849:on 2013-10-05
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817:MarkHolland.
813:
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750:on 2016-11-04
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591:on 2020-11-23
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560:Introgression
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1346:and genetics
1320:Sweet potato
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1172:
935:
931:Backcrossing
851:. Retrieved
847:the original
823:. Retrieved
812:
801:. Retrieved
777:. Retrieved
773:
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752:. Retrieved
748:the original
717:. Retrieved
713:the original
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687:. Retrieved
678:
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656:. Retrieved
647:
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623:
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593:. Retrieved
589:the original
579:
550:Canid hybrid
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333:Mixed breeds
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312:(llama) and
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25:
1455:Sex linkage
1420:Codominance
1393:stabilizing
1373:directional
1259:(daffodils)
1173:Callistemon
956:Outcrossing
470:mixed breed
361:grade horse
339:Mixed breed
326:Canis lupus
280:and female
264:and a male
212:draft horse
200:sport horse
72:of a given
48:crossbreeds
37:Outcrossing
1526:Categories
1506:Rare breed
1378:disruptive
1315:Strawberry
1046:Guinea pig
941:Inbreeding
936:Crossbreed
853:2013-10-04
825:2013-10-04
803:2013-10-04
779:2022-11-15
754:2013-10-04
595:2019-07-19
571:References
310:Lama glama
214:breeds on
187:bloodlines
109:Aegean cat
105:inbreeding
70:extinction
58:crossbreed
41:inbreeding
28:crossbreed
1460:F1 hybrid
1435:Heterosis
1425:Epistasis
1415:Dominance
1410:Phenotype
1368:balancing
1325:Sweetcorn
1308:cultivars
1272:Nepenthes
1257:Narcissus
1240:Grevillea
1200:Cherimoya
899:cultivars
555:Heterosis
511:backcross
481:recessive
476:breeding,
463:heterosis
452:pedigrees
196:warmblood
155:crossbred
126:parents.
1537:Breeding
1501:Landrace
1491:Germline
1486:Eugenics
1430:Dwarfing
1405:Genotype
1383:negative
1303:breeders
1222:Cucumber
1194:Capsicum
1187:Cannabis
1155:Japanese
1073:breeding
1056:breeding
1019:breeding
981:Purebred
683:Archived
652:Archived
631:Archived
612:Archived
539:See also
507:F1 cross
444:pedigree
428:purebred
417:Friesian
389:Cockapoo
345:purebred
113:landrace
101:mutation
66:purebred
32:purebred
1481:Breeder
1353:Culling
1265:Nemesia
1228:Gazania
1210:hybrids
1009:Chicken
924:Methods
474:mongrel
440:mongrel
349:mongrel
192:Horses:
136:Llamas:
123:Cattle:
53:hybrids
1330:Tomato
1278:Olives
1217:Coffee
1205:Citrus
1162:Banana
1090:Turkey
1080:Rabbit
1068:Pigeon
1026:Donkey
1004:Cattle
976:Hybrid
895:Breeds
524:Poodle
503:hybrid
436:breeds
393:Poodle
302:yakalo
292:and a
286:yattle
284:. The
274:hybrid
268:. The
266:donkey
251:hybrid
130:Sheep:
1469:Other
1283:Onion
1251:Mango
1234:Grape
1180:Canna
1167:Basil
1150:Apple
1085:Sheep
1051:Horse
1041:Goose
719:1 May
689:1 May
658:1 May
501:from
399:cross
391:is a
298:tigon
282:tiger
272:is a
270:liger
262:horse
206:by a
143:Dogs:
85:Cats:
74:breed
1298:Rose
1293:Rice
1288:Pear
1036:Goat
1031:Duck
897:and
721:2018
691:2018
660:2018
278:lion
258:mule
183:and
175:The
1246:Hop
1063:Pig
1014:Dog
999:Cat
472:or
355:or
294:yak
290:cow
1528::
834:^
788:^
772:.
729:^
707:.
681:.
677:.
650:.
646:.
411:A
387:A
363:.
249:A
153:A
43:.
26:A
887:e
880:t
873:v
856:.
828:.
806:.
782:.
757:.
723:.
693:.
662:.
598:.
395:/
23:.
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